Background:Sexual and gender minority youth frequently experience bullying,which often contributes to higher depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem.Given that physical activity(PA)can mitigate depressive symptoms a...Background:Sexual and gender minority youth frequently experience bullying,which often contributes to higher depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem.Given that physical activity(PA)can mitigate depressive symptoms and improve self-esteem,we examined the moderating effect of PA on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth.Methods:Data from the Lesbian,Gay,Bisexual,Transgender,and Queer National Teen Survey(n=9890)were analyzed.Hierarchical regression analyses examined the influence of history and frequency of being bullied,PA,and the interaction of these variables on depressive symptoms and self-esteem.Simple slopes analyses were used to probe significant interactions.Results:Results indicated the importance of accounting for bullying history when examining effects of PA on mental health.PA was negatively related to depression(t=-4.18,p<0.001)and positively related to self-esteem(t=12.11,p<0.001).Bullying frequency was positively related to depression(t=19.35,p<0.001)and negatively related to self-esteem(t=-12.46,p<0.001).There was a significant interaction between bullying frequency and PA for depression(t=4.45,p<0.001)and self-esteem(t=-4.69,p<0.001).Post hoc analyses suggested that the positive effects of PA on mental health may be limited to those not bullied because it had a negligible effect on those who were bullied.Conclusion:Results suggest that sexual and gender minority youth exercise interventions aiming to improve mental health should first address bullying history;otherwise,their effectiveness may be limited to those who have been bullied.展开更多
The study of verbal behavior focuses on communicative functions of the speakers/producers as they affect the behavior of listeners/observers. Effects on the listener reinforce the speaker and the listener/observer ben...The study of verbal behavior focuses on communicative functions of the speakers/producers as they affect the behavior of listeners/observers. Effects on the listener reinforce the speaker and the listener/observer benefits (i.e., is reinforced) from the behavior of the speaker/producer. The interlocking of, and exchange of, the speaker and listener behavior between individuals and within one’s own skin constitute bidirectional operants. These bidirectional operants are instances of social interactions and measures of social behavior. Evidence suggests that the act of listening, among other observing responses, is initially developmentally independent from speaker behavior. How they become joined parallels the biological phenomenon of metamorphosis. The succession of changes has been empirically identified as a succession of verbal behavior development cusps, which are described in their sequence biologically as a manifestation of functional metamorphosis. The onset of a cusp constitutes first instances of behavior and accompanying stimulus control that allows infants and children to contact parts of the environment for the first time resulting in their learning things impossible to learn before or learning faster. Cusps for the intercept of the speaker and listener lead to bidirectional operants and provide explanations for how children incidentally learn the names of things, become increasingly social, and make subsequent complex behavior possible. Many of the cusps identified in our research resulted from the missing behavior and stimulus control of children with autism. Once cusps were established, these children learned things they could not learn before, learned faster, and learned by contacting parts of the social environment they could not contact before. These findings led to a theory of verbal behavior development that point to the selection of bidirectional operants as behavioral phenotypes during functional metamorphosis, which has enhanced the survival of Homo sapiens through emergent symbolic skills for more effective collaboration between two or more individuals.展开更多
AIM: To examine YouTubeTM videos about bowel preparation procedure to better understand the quality of this information on the Internet. METHODS: YouTubeTM videos related to colonoscopy preparation were identified dur...AIM: To examine YouTubeTM videos about bowel preparation procedure to better understand the quality of this information on the Internet. METHODS: YouTubeTM videos related to colonoscopy preparation were identified during the winter of 2014; only those with ≥ 5000 views were selected for analysis(n = 280). Creator of the video, length, date posted, whether the video was based upon personal experience, and theme was recorded. Bivariate analysis was conducted to examine differences between consumers vs healthcare professionals-created videos. RESULTS: Most videos were based on personal experience. Half were created by consumers and 34% were ≥ 4.5 min long. Healthcare professional videos were viewed more often(】 19400, 59.4% vs 40.8%,P = 0.037, for healthcare professional and consumer, respectively) and more often focused on the purgative type and completing the preparation. Consumer videos received more comments(】 10 comments, 62.2% vs 42.7%, P = 0.001) and more often emphasized the palatability of the purgative, disgust, and hunger during the procedure. Content of colonoscopy bowel preparation YouTube? videos is influenced by who creates the video and may affect views on colon cancer screening. CONCLUSION: The impact of perspectives on the quality of health-related information found on the Internet requires further examination.展开更多
This paper reviews several non-operative and non-pharmacologic management strategies advocated for alleviating the pain and disability experienced by people with hip osteoarthritis. It analyzes whether painful debilit...This paper reviews several non-operative and non-pharmacologic management strategies advocated for alleviating the pain and disability experienced by people with hip osteoarthritis. It analyzes whether painful debilitating hip osteoarthritis, which has no effective cure and is often progressive, may be affected positively by non-operative interventions designed to control osteoarthritis pain. Finally, it provides an integrated plan of management for ameliorating hip osteoarthritis pain and disability in light of this knowledge.展开更多
BACKGROUND Malnutrition affects 20%to 50%of patients with cirrhosis.It may be associated with serious complications and has a direct impact on prognosis.Resting energy expenditure(REE)is an important parameter to guid...BACKGROUND Malnutrition affects 20%to 50%of patients with cirrhosis.It may be associated with serious complications and has a direct impact on prognosis.Resting energy expenditure(REE)is an important parameter to guide the optimization of therapy and recovery of nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis.However,the REE of patients with cirrhosis is still unclear,casting doubt upon the optimal nutritional management approach.AIM To identify the best method that predicts the REE of cirrhotic patients,using indirect calorimetry(IC)as the gold standard.METHODS An observational study was performed on 90 patients with cirrhosis.REE was assessed by IC,bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),and predictive formulas,which were compared using Bland-Altman plots and the Student’s t-test.RESULTS REE values measured by IC(1607.72±257.4 kcal)differed significantly from those determined by all other methods(BIA:1790.48±352.1 kcal;Harris&Benedict equation:2373.54±254.9 kcal;IOM equation:1648.95±185.6 kcal;Cunningham equation:1764.29±246.2 kcal),except the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,World Health Organization,and United Nations University(FAO/WHO/UNU)(1616.07±214.6 kcal)and McArdle(1611.30±241.8 kcal)equations.We found no significant association when comparing IC and 24-h dietary recall among different Child-Pugh classes of cirrhosis.CONCLUSION The IOM and FAO/WHO/UNU equations have the best agreement with the CI.These results indicate a possibility of different tools for the clinical practice on cirrhotic patients.展开更多
Hip joint osteoarthritis, a widespread disabling disease with no known cause, produces considerable bouts of intractable pain as a result of multiple disease associated problems. This paper examines some sources of os...Hip joint osteoarthritis, a widespread disabling disease with no known cause, produces considerable bouts of intractable pain as a result of multiple disease associated problems. This paper examines some sources of osteoarthritic hip joint pain, a poorly understood topic at best. Presented in three parts are data retrieved from several sources, including animal models. It is concluded that to improve the effectiveness of treatments designed to minimize hip osteoarthritis pain, a better understanding of the diverse origins of hip joint pain, and hip joint neurology, may permit the development of more precise as well as targeted pain strategies.展开更多
Motivation: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) has a difficult diagnosis, so the main objective of this article is to propose the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to classify (diagnose) groups of pat...Motivation: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) has a difficult diagnosis, so the main objective of this article is to propose the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to classify (diagnose) groups of patients with BD or SZ from a control group using sociodemographic and biochemical variables. Methods: Artificial neural networks are used as classifying tool. The data from this study were obtained from the array collection from Stanley Neuropathology Consortium databank. Inflammatory markers and characteristics of the sampled population were the inputs variables. Results: Our findings suggest that an artificial neural network could be trained with more than 90% accuracy, aiming the classification and diagnosis of bipolar, schizophrenia and control healthy group. Conclusion: Trained ANNs could be used to improve diagnosis in Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorders.展开更多
AIM： To examine whether vitamin D is of potential relevance in the healing process of fractures. METHODS： The present narrative review examined the bulk of the evidence based literature on the topic of vitamin D and...AIM： To examine whether vitamin D is of potential relevance in the healing process of fractures. METHODS： The present narrative review examined the bulk of the evidence based literature on the topic of vitamin D and bone healing in key electronic data bases from 1980 onwards using the terms vitamin D and bone healing, callus, fracture healing. All data were examined carefully and categorized according to type of study. A summary of the diverse terms and approaches employed in the research, as well as the rationale for hypothesizing vitamin D has a role in fracture healing was detailed.RESULTS： The results show very few human studies have been conducted to examine if vitamin D is effective at promoting post fracture healing, and the different ani-mal models that have been studied provide no consensus on this topic. The terms used in the related literature, as well as the methods used to arrive at conclusions on this clinical issue are highly diverse, there is no standardization of either of these important terms and methodolo-gies, hence no conclusive statements or clinical guide-lines can be forthcoming. There is a strong rational for continuing to examine if vitamin D supplements should be administered post-fracture, and ample evidence vitamin D is an essential hormone for functioning in general, as well as bone health and muscle as this relates to bone density.CONCLUSION： Whether those with low vitamin D levels can beneft from supplements if their nutritional practices do not cover recommended daily amounts, remains in question.展开更多
Aim:To develop a comprehensive item library of patient-reported,immunotherapy-related adverse events(irAEs)that draws from and expands on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy(FACIT)Measurement System.M...Aim:To develop a comprehensive item library of patient-reported,immunotherapy-related adverse events(irAEs)that draws from and expands on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy(FACIT)Measurement System.Methods:Literature review and iterative expert input.Based on a literature review of irAEs,we developed a framework of immunotherapy classes and their associated symptoms.Clinical experts then reviewed iterations of symptom summaries and item maps linked to the immunotherapy framework.Experts provided content review and feedback was shared across experts until consensus was reached.The iterative process facilitated creation of a Primary Symptom List associated with immune checkpoint modulators(ICMs),drawn from the larger set of symptoms.Existing FACIT items were mapped to the symptom list,and new items were written as needed to create the item library.Results:The full item library of irAEs is comprised of 239 items,covering 142 unique symptoms across 75 inflammatory reactions/immune conditions.A subset of 66 items comprises a Primary Symptom List considered most common/relevant to ICM treatment.This includes gastrointestinal,skin,pulmonary,neurologic,musculoskeletal,and multiple miscellaneous and constitutional symptoms.Conclusion:The FACIT Immunotherapy Item Library is a compilation of 239 self-report items that capture the wide range of AEs experienced by people receiving immune treatments.A subset of 66 items comprises a Primary Symptom List meant for ICM therapy.Use of items selected from this library is encouraged in clinical research and clinical practice evaluation.展开更多
基金This work was supported through funding by the National Institute on Drug Abuse(Grant No.K01DA047918)awarded to Ryan J.Watson.
文摘Background:Sexual and gender minority youth frequently experience bullying,which often contributes to higher depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem.Given that physical activity(PA)can mitigate depressive symptoms and improve self-esteem,we examined the moderating effect of PA on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth.Methods:Data from the Lesbian,Gay,Bisexual,Transgender,and Queer National Teen Survey(n=9890)were analyzed.Hierarchical regression analyses examined the influence of history and frequency of being bullied,PA,and the interaction of these variables on depressive symptoms and self-esteem.Simple slopes analyses were used to probe significant interactions.Results:Results indicated the importance of accounting for bullying history when examining effects of PA on mental health.PA was negatively related to depression(t=-4.18,p<0.001)and positively related to self-esteem(t=12.11,p<0.001).Bullying frequency was positively related to depression(t=19.35,p<0.001)and negatively related to self-esteem(t=-12.46,p<0.001).There was a significant interaction between bullying frequency and PA for depression(t=4.45,p<0.001)and self-esteem(t=-4.69,p<0.001).Post hoc analyses suggested that the positive effects of PA on mental health may be limited to those not bullied because it had a negligible effect on those who were bullied.Conclusion:Results suggest that sexual and gender minority youth exercise interventions aiming to improve mental health should first address bullying history;otherwise,their effectiveness may be limited to those who have been bullied.
文摘The study of verbal behavior focuses on communicative functions of the speakers/producers as they affect the behavior of listeners/observers. Effects on the listener reinforce the speaker and the listener/observer benefits (i.e., is reinforced) from the behavior of the speaker/producer. The interlocking of, and exchange of, the speaker and listener behavior between individuals and within one’s own skin constitute bidirectional operants. These bidirectional operants are instances of social interactions and measures of social behavior. Evidence suggests that the act of listening, among other observing responses, is initially developmentally independent from speaker behavior. How they become joined parallels the biological phenomenon of metamorphosis. The succession of changes has been empirically identified as a succession of verbal behavior development cusps, which are described in their sequence biologically as a manifestation of functional metamorphosis. The onset of a cusp constitutes first instances of behavior and accompanying stimulus control that allows infants and children to contact parts of the environment for the first time resulting in their learning things impossible to learn before or learning faster. Cusps for the intercept of the speaker and listener lead to bidirectional operants and provide explanations for how children incidentally learn the names of things, become increasingly social, and make subsequent complex behavior possible. Many of the cusps identified in our research resulted from the missing behavior and stimulus control of children with autism. Once cusps were established, these children learned things they could not learn before, learned faster, and learned by contacting parts of the social environment they could not contact before. These findings led to a theory of verbal behavior development that point to the selection of bidirectional operants as behavioral phenotypes during functional metamorphosis, which has enhanced the survival of Homo sapiens through emergent symbolic skills for more effective collaboration between two or more individuals.
文摘AIM: To examine YouTubeTM videos about bowel preparation procedure to better understand the quality of this information on the Internet. METHODS: YouTubeTM videos related to colonoscopy preparation were identified during the winter of 2014; only those with ≥ 5000 views were selected for analysis(n = 280). Creator of the video, length, date posted, whether the video was based upon personal experience, and theme was recorded. Bivariate analysis was conducted to examine differences between consumers vs healthcare professionals-created videos. RESULTS: Most videos were based on personal experience. Half were created by consumers and 34% were ≥ 4.5 min long. Healthcare professional videos were viewed more often(】 19400, 59.4% vs 40.8%,P = 0.037, for healthcare professional and consumer, respectively) and more often focused on the purgative type and completing the preparation. Consumer videos received more comments(】 10 comments, 62.2% vs 42.7%, P = 0.001) and more often emphasized the palatability of the purgative, disgust, and hunger during the procedure. Content of colonoscopy bowel preparation YouTube? videos is influenced by who creates the video and may affect views on colon cancer screening. CONCLUSION: The impact of perspectives on the quality of health-related information found on the Internet requires further examination.
文摘This paper reviews several non-operative and non-pharmacologic management strategies advocated for alleviating the pain and disability experienced by people with hip osteoarthritis. It analyzes whether painful debilitating hip osteoarthritis, which has no effective cure and is often progressive, may be affected positively by non-operative interventions designed to control osteoarthritis pain. Finally, it provides an integrated plan of management for ameliorating hip osteoarthritis pain and disability in light of this knowledge.
文摘BACKGROUND Malnutrition affects 20%to 50%of patients with cirrhosis.It may be associated with serious complications and has a direct impact on prognosis.Resting energy expenditure(REE)is an important parameter to guide the optimization of therapy and recovery of nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis.However,the REE of patients with cirrhosis is still unclear,casting doubt upon the optimal nutritional management approach.AIM To identify the best method that predicts the REE of cirrhotic patients,using indirect calorimetry(IC)as the gold standard.METHODS An observational study was performed on 90 patients with cirrhosis.REE was assessed by IC,bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),and predictive formulas,which were compared using Bland-Altman plots and the Student’s t-test.RESULTS REE values measured by IC(1607.72±257.4 kcal)differed significantly from those determined by all other methods(BIA:1790.48±352.1 kcal;Harris&Benedict equation:2373.54±254.9 kcal;IOM equation:1648.95±185.6 kcal;Cunningham equation:1764.29±246.2 kcal),except the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,World Health Organization,and United Nations University(FAO/WHO/UNU)(1616.07±214.6 kcal)and McArdle(1611.30±241.8 kcal)equations.We found no significant association when comparing IC and 24-h dietary recall among different Child-Pugh classes of cirrhosis.CONCLUSION The IOM and FAO/WHO/UNU equations have the best agreement with the CI.These results indicate a possibility of different tools for the clinical practice on cirrhotic patients.
文摘Hip joint osteoarthritis, a widespread disabling disease with no known cause, produces considerable bouts of intractable pain as a result of multiple disease associated problems. This paper examines some sources of osteoarthritic hip joint pain, a poorly understood topic at best. Presented in three parts are data retrieved from several sources, including animal models. It is concluded that to improve the effectiveness of treatments designed to minimize hip osteoarthritis pain, a better understanding of the diverse origins of hip joint pain, and hip joint neurology, may permit the development of more precise as well as targeted pain strategies.
文摘Motivation: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) has a difficult diagnosis, so the main objective of this article is to propose the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to classify (diagnose) groups of patients with BD or SZ from a control group using sociodemographic and biochemical variables. Methods: Artificial neural networks are used as classifying tool. The data from this study were obtained from the array collection from Stanley Neuropathology Consortium databank. Inflammatory markers and characteristics of the sampled population were the inputs variables. Results: Our findings suggest that an artificial neural network could be trained with more than 90% accuracy, aiming the classification and diagnosis of bipolar, schizophrenia and control healthy group. Conclusion: Trained ANNs could be used to improve diagnosis in Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorders.
文摘AIM： To examine whether vitamin D is of potential relevance in the healing process of fractures. METHODS： The present narrative review examined the bulk of the evidence based literature on the topic of vitamin D and bone healing in key electronic data bases from 1980 onwards using the terms vitamin D and bone healing, callus, fracture healing. All data were examined carefully and categorized according to type of study. A summary of the diverse terms and approaches employed in the research, as well as the rationale for hypothesizing vitamin D has a role in fracture healing was detailed.RESULTS： The results show very few human studies have been conducted to examine if vitamin D is effective at promoting post fracture healing, and the different ani-mal models that have been studied provide no consensus on this topic. The terms used in the related literature, as well as the methods used to arrive at conclusions on this clinical issue are highly diverse, there is no standardization of either of these important terms and methodolo-gies, hence no conclusive statements or clinical guide-lines can be forthcoming. There is a strong rational for continuing to examine if vitamin D supplements should be administered post-fracture, and ample evidence vitamin D is an essential hormone for functioning in general, as well as bone health and muscle as this relates to bone density.CONCLUSION： Whether those with low vitamin D levels can beneft from supplements if their nutritional practices do not cover recommended daily amounts, remains in question.
基金Laurie E.Steffen McLouth was supported by NCI R25 CA122061(PI:Avis)Adam P.Dicker received additional support from the National Cancer Institute,the Prostate Cancer Research Program(Dept.of Defense)+1 种基金the American Society of Radiation Oncology,the American Society of Clinical Oncology,NRG Oncology,and the Prostate Cancer FoundationJosephine Feliciano received additional support from Bristol Myers Squibb and Astra Zeneca.
文摘Aim:To develop a comprehensive item library of patient-reported,immunotherapy-related adverse events(irAEs)that draws from and expands on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy(FACIT)Measurement System.Methods:Literature review and iterative expert input.Based on a literature review of irAEs,we developed a framework of immunotherapy classes and their associated symptoms.Clinical experts then reviewed iterations of symptom summaries and item maps linked to the immunotherapy framework.Experts provided content review and feedback was shared across experts until consensus was reached.The iterative process facilitated creation of a Primary Symptom List associated with immune checkpoint modulators(ICMs),drawn from the larger set of symptoms.Existing FACIT items were mapped to the symptom list,and new items were written as needed to create the item library.Results:The full item library of irAEs is comprised of 239 items,covering 142 unique symptoms across 75 inflammatory reactions/immune conditions.A subset of 66 items comprises a Primary Symptom List considered most common/relevant to ICM treatment.This includes gastrointestinal,skin,pulmonary,neurologic,musculoskeletal,and multiple miscellaneous and constitutional symptoms.Conclusion:The FACIT Immunotherapy Item Library is a compilation of 239 self-report items that capture the wide range of AEs experienced by people receiving immune treatments.A subset of 66 items comprises a Primary Symptom List meant for ICM therapy.Use of items selected from this library is encouraged in clinical research and clinical practice evaluation.
