This study was aimed at understanding diabetes knowledge, health beliefs, and behaviors among type 2 diabetes patients in Balinese rural areas. The study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) in applied thematic analysis...This study was aimed at understanding diabetes knowledge, health beliefs, and behaviors among type 2 diabetes patients in Balinese rural areas. The study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) in applied thematic analysis. It involved semi-structured focus groups with 20 patients (M = 49.95 years old, SD 6.7). Three themes formulated: poor diabetes knowledge, diabetes perceived as a life burden, and the factors affecting self-efficacy in practicing healthy lifestyle. The poor diabetes knowledge was due to traditional indigenous beliefs and low health literacy. The perception that diabetes is a life burden was related with physical and psychological condition. The factors affecting the self-efficacy were the perceived barriers and external influence. It is need to understand the traditional indigenous beliefs, burdens, and lacking internal intention as the modifying factors of health beliefs. This study suggests that the development of integrated health promotion of diabetes should consider the HBM’s modifying factors in rural areas.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the readability and usability of an online HELP (Health, Education, and Legal Program) intervention for women experiencing IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) by asking gra...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the readability and usability of an online HELP (Health, Education, and Legal Program) intervention for women experiencing IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) by asking graduate nursing students to review in class nine online HELP intervention modules. Design: A descriptive online survey administered to 15 graduate nursing students was used to assess the readability and usability of an online HELP intervention. Methods: Participants were asked to perform the following activities: 1) reading the nine HELP modules on PowerPoint as posted on Blackboard (a web-based course management program), 2) filling in five blank lines under each heading (HEALTH, EDUCATION, LEGAL, and PROGRAM), by writing words or terms on the line after each heading, 3) ranking the words within each heading (with #1 as the highest and #5 as the lowest), 4) engaging in a class discussion of the rationale for the ranking, 5) re-ranking, and 6) voting on the ranking. The results were compiled to yield a master rank and vote order for each heading between 12 (received 12 votes) and 15 (received 15 votes) of the words that were ranked #1. Results: The words that were ranked #1 under each heading and the number of votes received were: Under HEALTH: Depression (15), Anger (14), Anxiety (13), and Pain (12);EDUCATION: Safety (15), Injury (14), Social Support (13) and Parenting/Child Care (12);LEGAL: Protection from Abuse (15), Attorney (14), Court/Hearing (13), and Rights (12);PROGRAM: Internet (15), Online (14), Intervention (13) and Resources (12). Conclusions: HELP intervention is readable and usable however, HELP needs to be piloted to ensure that survivors of IPV participants can access and benefit from HELP intervention.展开更多
Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is defined as controlling, abusive, and aggressive behavior in a romantic relationship. Women between the ages 16 and 24 experience the highest rate of IPV. IPV costs US s...Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is defined as controlling, abusive, and aggressive behavior in a romantic relationship. Women between the ages 16 and 24 experience the highest rate of IPV. IPV costs US society at least $13.6 billion annually and is expected to rise to $15.6 billion by 2021. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of Text Messaging Intervention (TMI) in recognizing, responding and preventing IPV among college students. The research questions are: Will TMI 1) improve participant knowledge of warning signs of IPV? (Knowledge) and 2) improve participant confidence to intervene in IPV? (Confidence). Methods: A mixed methods design in data collection and data analysis was used. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to analyze quantitative data from the pre and post TMI survey. Results of the qualitative data analysis are included verbatim. Results: Results showed that knowledge level pre to post test increased from 2.00 ± 1.00 to 2.7 ± 0.48 (p < 0.001) and confidence level pre to post test increased from 2.89 ± 0.60 to 3.30 ± 0.68 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Further research is needed in evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of IPV prevention programs that uses mobile devices to create the best optimal health outcomes.展开更多
There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American Heart Association, and other...There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American Heart Association, and other specialty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilience) which adopts the measure of immune resilience is suggested in this paper. Resilience is the ability of the immune system to respond to attacks and defend effectively against infections and inflammatory stressors, and psychological resilience is the capacity to resist, adapt, recover, thrive, and grow from a challenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilience had better health outcomes than those with minimal immune resilience. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize, contextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilience subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRC), a scale of 10 items. The revised CDRC scale is a 5-item scale. The scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total scores indicating greater resilience. The scale demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.85) during the development of the scale. The CD-RISC had a good Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised CD-RISC can be completed in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilience objectively, we suggest using Immune Resilience (IR) levels, the level of resilience to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilience functions that promote disease resistance and control inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between CD8 and CD4 T-cell levels and gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality- or entropy-associated inflammation. IR deregulation is potentially reversible by decreasing inflammatory stress. IR metrics and mechanisms have utility as vital signs and biomarkers for measuring immune health and improving health outcomes.展开更多
文摘This study was aimed at understanding diabetes knowledge, health beliefs, and behaviors among type 2 diabetes patients in Balinese rural areas. The study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) in applied thematic analysis. It involved semi-structured focus groups with 20 patients (M = 49.95 years old, SD 6.7). Three themes formulated: poor diabetes knowledge, diabetes perceived as a life burden, and the factors affecting self-efficacy in practicing healthy lifestyle. The poor diabetes knowledge was due to traditional indigenous beliefs and low health literacy. The perception that diabetes is a life burden was related with physical and psychological condition. The factors affecting the self-efficacy were the perceived barriers and external influence. It is need to understand the traditional indigenous beliefs, burdens, and lacking internal intention as the modifying factors of health beliefs. This study suggests that the development of integrated health promotion of diabetes should consider the HBM’s modifying factors in rural areas.
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the readability and usability of an online HELP (Health, Education, and Legal Program) intervention for women experiencing IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) by asking graduate nursing students to review in class nine online HELP intervention modules. Design: A descriptive online survey administered to 15 graduate nursing students was used to assess the readability and usability of an online HELP intervention. Methods: Participants were asked to perform the following activities: 1) reading the nine HELP modules on PowerPoint as posted on Blackboard (a web-based course management program), 2) filling in five blank lines under each heading (HEALTH, EDUCATION, LEGAL, and PROGRAM), by writing words or terms on the line after each heading, 3) ranking the words within each heading (with #1 as the highest and #5 as the lowest), 4) engaging in a class discussion of the rationale for the ranking, 5) re-ranking, and 6) voting on the ranking. The results were compiled to yield a master rank and vote order for each heading between 12 (received 12 votes) and 15 (received 15 votes) of the words that were ranked #1. Results: The words that were ranked #1 under each heading and the number of votes received were: Under HEALTH: Depression (15), Anger (14), Anxiety (13), and Pain (12);EDUCATION: Safety (15), Injury (14), Social Support (13) and Parenting/Child Care (12);LEGAL: Protection from Abuse (15), Attorney (14), Court/Hearing (13), and Rights (12);PROGRAM: Internet (15), Online (14), Intervention (13) and Resources (12). Conclusions: HELP intervention is readable and usable however, HELP needs to be piloted to ensure that survivors of IPV participants can access and benefit from HELP intervention.
文摘Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is defined as controlling, abusive, and aggressive behavior in a romantic relationship. Women between the ages 16 and 24 experience the highest rate of IPV. IPV costs US society at least $13.6 billion annually and is expected to rise to $15.6 billion by 2021. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of Text Messaging Intervention (TMI) in recognizing, responding and preventing IPV among college students. The research questions are: Will TMI 1) improve participant knowledge of warning signs of IPV? (Knowledge) and 2) improve participant confidence to intervene in IPV? (Confidence). Methods: A mixed methods design in data collection and data analysis was used. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to analyze quantitative data from the pre and post TMI survey. Results of the qualitative data analysis are included verbatim. Results: Results showed that knowledge level pre to post test increased from 2.00 ± 1.00 to 2.7 ± 0.48 (p < 0.001) and confidence level pre to post test increased from 2.89 ± 0.60 to 3.30 ± 0.68 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Further research is needed in evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of IPV prevention programs that uses mobile devices to create the best optimal health outcomes.
文摘There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American Heart Association, and other specialty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilience) which adopts the measure of immune resilience is suggested in this paper. Resilience is the ability of the immune system to respond to attacks and defend effectively against infections and inflammatory stressors, and psychological resilience is the capacity to resist, adapt, recover, thrive, and grow from a challenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilience had better health outcomes than those with minimal immune resilience. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize, contextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilience subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRC), a scale of 10 items. The revised CDRC scale is a 5-item scale. The scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total scores indicating greater resilience. The scale demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.85) during the development of the scale. The CD-RISC had a good Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised CD-RISC can be completed in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilience objectively, we suggest using Immune Resilience (IR) levels, the level of resilience to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilience functions that promote disease resistance and control inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between CD8 and CD4 T-cell levels and gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality- or entropy-associated inflammation. IR deregulation is potentially reversible by decreasing inflammatory stress. IR metrics and mechanisms have utility as vital signs and biomarkers for measuring immune health and improving health outcomes.
