The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between stress, lifestyle, and hyperglycemia among middle-aged Japanese male workers. We also analyzed the obese (OB) and non-obese (non- OB) groups pertaining to ...The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between stress, lifestyle, and hyperglycemia among middle-aged Japanese male workers. We also analyzed the obese (OB) and non-obese (non- OB) groups pertaining to the risk of hyperglycemia. A total of 353 male employees aged between 50 and 59 years taking health checkup sat a company in Japan were examined. The data were collected using validated scales of occupational stress and medical examination. Of the 353 employees, 335 (effective response rate 95%) were analyzed. “Support from colleagues” and “reward from work” reported by the OB group were lower than the non-OB group. The items “eating until satiety” and “having greasy meal often” were significantly more common in the OB group than in the non-OB group. There was a significant correlation between less sleep time and hyperglycemia in the OB group than in the non-OB group. The non-OB group reported more overtime hours than the OB group. Hyperglycemia in the non-OB group was positively correlated with long working hours, “workload,” and “mental workload.” The results indicated that the OB group would benefit from lifestyle interventions, for example, improvement in sleep time and eating habits may prevent hyperglycemia and eventually in obesity. Furthermore, it was suggested that stress in response to “workload” and “mental workload” owing to long working hours leads to hyperglycemia in the non-OB group. Therefore, the improvement of the workplace environment, reducing the number of hours at work, and stress management are required to prevent hyperglycemia in the non-OB group.展开更多
Background Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are the main reasons of mortality worldwide.One of every two person is dying due to NCDs in Afghanistan.International policy actors,mainly the World Health Organization(WHO),pu...Background Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are the main reasons of mortality worldwide.One of every two person is dying due to NCDs in Afghanistan.International policy actors,mainly the World Health Organization(WHO),published several reports and declarations on controlling and preventing NCDs.This study aimed to provide a situation for governance of NCDs in Afghanistan and proper solutions for identified challenges.Methods We conducted qualitative research utilizing interpretive phenomenology.A self-developed questionnaire was developed to conduct the semi-structured interviews with 39 experts from Afghanistan.The results were analyzed using a deductive framework analysis.Six building block framework of health system developed by the WHO was used as predefined framework for this study.Results The governance building block of health system consists of five subthemes including policy making,planning,organizing,stewardship,and control.We identified main strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and challenges for these subthemes.The experts also provided key recommendations to address the challenges.Conclusions Management of NCDs is a neglected part of the health system in Afghanistan.Strengthening evidence-based policy making with technical and indigenous planning,establishing responsive units with adequate financial and human resources within different ministries to address“health in all policies”concept,passing and implementing national laws and regulations to support national strategies for prevention and control of NCDs,and establishing decentralized monitoring systems to control the implementation of these strategies are the main recommendations of this study.Local government and international policy actors should invest and support the development of a multisectoral coordination system at national level for Afghanistan.展开更多
Background:Afghanistan is suffering from 40-year chronic conflicts,displacement,and demolition of its infrastructure.Afghanistan mortality survey 2010 shows nearly 46%of all deaths in the country were attributed to no...Background:Afghanistan is suffering from 40-year chronic conflicts,displacement,and demolition of its infrastructure.Afghanistan mortality survey 2010 shows nearly 46%of all deaths in the country were attributed to noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).In this study,we aimed to understand the differences in mortality and premature death due to NCDs by sex and the trend for the next 8 years.Methods:We applied trend analysis using the secondary data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation,Global Burden of Diseases 2019.The information on NCD mortality,NCD deaths attributed to its risk factors,NCD percent of total years lived with disability(YLDs)attribution to each risk factor extracted from this database from 2008 to 2019.We investigated the trend from 2008 to 2019 for the mentioned factors and then forecast their trends until 2030.Results:Our study shows that Afghanistan has had an increasing death number due to NCDs from 2008 to 2019(50%for both sexes)and this will reach nearly 54%by 2030.Currently,half of NCDs deaths are premature in Afghanistan.The mortality rate and prevalence of risk factors are higher among women.More than 70%of YLDs will be due to NCDs in Afghanistan till 2030.Five risk factors including high systolic blood pressure(28.3%),high body mass index(23.4%),high blood glucose(20.6%),high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(16.3%),and smoking(12.3%)will have the highest contribution to NCDs death in 2030,respectively.Conclusions:In general,our study indicates that without any specific intervention to address NCDs in Afghanistan,not only the Sustainable Development Goal target for NCDs will not be met,but an increase in almost all risk factors prevalence,as well as NCD mortality,will be seen in Afghanistan.展开更多
Background In recent years, the incidence of unexplained sudden death has risen significantly across the world. However, it occurred suddenly, often in young apparently healthy individuals and almost 50% of the patien...Background In recent years, the incidence of unexplained sudden death has risen significantly across the world. However, it occurred suddenly, often in young apparently healthy individuals and almost 50% of the patients did not have any warning signals or symptoms. Therefore, the prodromal symptoms before the incident are extremely important for early prediction of sudden death. In this article, we aimed to explore the value of prodromal symptoms for unexplained sudden death and whether the prodromal symptoms have a predictive function to unexplained sudden death （USD） without underlying diseases. Methods A total of 208 sudden death cases were selected for the survey in the Emergency Department of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2006 to December 2009 and their medical records were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups, 65 patients had underlying diseases while 143 had not underlying diseases. In the meantime, their prodromal symptoms were collected and compared, prodromal symptoms including chest distress, dyspnea, syncope, fever, headache, vomiting, etc. Results Patients with underlying diseases were compared to those without underlying diseases associated with sudden death; there was no significant difference in gender and age distribution. Among the 208 cases, 39 cases （18.75%） had prodromal symptoms, patients with underlying diseases had prodromal symptoms in 12 cases （18.46%）, while patients without underlying diseases had prodromal symptoms in 27 cases （18.88%）. The difference between the two groups with prodromal symptoms was not statistically significant （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions Prodromal symptoms are extremely important warning signals in the occurrence of USD. It has equally important predictive value for patients both with and without underlying diseases, especially in predicting sudden death caused by cardiopulmonary and neurological diseases.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between stress, lifestyle, and hyperglycemia among middle-aged Japanese male workers. We also analyzed the obese (OB) and non-obese (non- OB) groups pertaining to the risk of hyperglycemia. A total of 353 male employees aged between 50 and 59 years taking health checkup sat a company in Japan were examined. The data were collected using validated scales of occupational stress and medical examination. Of the 353 employees, 335 (effective response rate 95%) were analyzed. “Support from colleagues” and “reward from work” reported by the OB group were lower than the non-OB group. The items “eating until satiety” and “having greasy meal often” were significantly more common in the OB group than in the non-OB group. There was a significant correlation between less sleep time and hyperglycemia in the OB group than in the non-OB group. The non-OB group reported more overtime hours than the OB group. Hyperglycemia in the non-OB group was positively correlated with long working hours, “workload,” and “mental workload.” The results indicated that the OB group would benefit from lifestyle interventions, for example, improvement in sleep time and eating habits may prevent hyperglycemia and eventually in obesity. Furthermore, it was suggested that stress in response to “workload” and “mental workload” owing to long working hours leads to hyperglycemia in the non-OB group. Therefore, the improvement of the workplace environment, reducing the number of hours at work, and stress management are required to prevent hyperglycemia in the non-OB group.
文摘Background Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are the main reasons of mortality worldwide.One of every two person is dying due to NCDs in Afghanistan.International policy actors,mainly the World Health Organization(WHO),published several reports and declarations on controlling and preventing NCDs.This study aimed to provide a situation for governance of NCDs in Afghanistan and proper solutions for identified challenges.Methods We conducted qualitative research utilizing interpretive phenomenology.A self-developed questionnaire was developed to conduct the semi-structured interviews with 39 experts from Afghanistan.The results were analyzed using a deductive framework analysis.Six building block framework of health system developed by the WHO was used as predefined framework for this study.Results The governance building block of health system consists of five subthemes including policy making,planning,organizing,stewardship,and control.We identified main strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and challenges for these subthemes.The experts also provided key recommendations to address the challenges.Conclusions Management of NCDs is a neglected part of the health system in Afghanistan.Strengthening evidence-based policy making with technical and indigenous planning,establishing responsive units with adequate financial and human resources within different ministries to address“health in all policies”concept,passing and implementing national laws and regulations to support national strategies for prevention and control of NCDs,and establishing decentralized monitoring systems to control the implementation of these strategies are the main recommendations of this study.Local government and international policy actors should invest and support the development of a multisectoral coordination system at national level for Afghanistan.
文摘Background:Afghanistan is suffering from 40-year chronic conflicts,displacement,and demolition of its infrastructure.Afghanistan mortality survey 2010 shows nearly 46%of all deaths in the country were attributed to noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).In this study,we aimed to understand the differences in mortality and premature death due to NCDs by sex and the trend for the next 8 years.Methods:We applied trend analysis using the secondary data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation,Global Burden of Diseases 2019.The information on NCD mortality,NCD deaths attributed to its risk factors,NCD percent of total years lived with disability(YLDs)attribution to each risk factor extracted from this database from 2008 to 2019.We investigated the trend from 2008 to 2019 for the mentioned factors and then forecast their trends until 2030.Results:Our study shows that Afghanistan has had an increasing death number due to NCDs from 2008 to 2019(50%for both sexes)and this will reach nearly 54%by 2030.Currently,half of NCDs deaths are premature in Afghanistan.The mortality rate and prevalence of risk factors are higher among women.More than 70%of YLDs will be due to NCDs in Afghanistan till 2030.Five risk factors including high systolic blood pressure(28.3%),high body mass index(23.4%),high blood glucose(20.6%),high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(16.3%),and smoking(12.3%)will have the highest contribution to NCDs death in 2030,respectively.Conclusions:In general,our study indicates that without any specific intervention to address NCDs in Afghanistan,not only the Sustainable Development Goal target for NCDs will not be met,but an increase in almost all risk factors prevalence,as well as NCD mortality,will be seen in Afghanistan.
基金The study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81172745）.
文摘Background In recent years, the incidence of unexplained sudden death has risen significantly across the world. However, it occurred suddenly, often in young apparently healthy individuals and almost 50% of the patients did not have any warning signals or symptoms. Therefore, the prodromal symptoms before the incident are extremely important for early prediction of sudden death. In this article, we aimed to explore the value of prodromal symptoms for unexplained sudden death and whether the prodromal symptoms have a predictive function to unexplained sudden death （USD） without underlying diseases. Methods A total of 208 sudden death cases were selected for the survey in the Emergency Department of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2006 to December 2009 and their medical records were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups, 65 patients had underlying diseases while 143 had not underlying diseases. In the meantime, their prodromal symptoms were collected and compared, prodromal symptoms including chest distress, dyspnea, syncope, fever, headache, vomiting, etc. Results Patients with underlying diseases were compared to those without underlying diseases associated with sudden death; there was no significant difference in gender and age distribution. Among the 208 cases, 39 cases （18.75%） had prodromal symptoms, patients with underlying diseases had prodromal symptoms in 12 cases （18.46%）, while patients without underlying diseases had prodromal symptoms in 27 cases （18.88%）. The difference between the two groups with prodromal symptoms was not statistically significant （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions Prodromal symptoms are extremely important warning signals in the occurrence of USD. It has equally important predictive value for patients both with and without underlying diseases, especially in predicting sudden death caused by cardiopulmonary and neurological diseases.
