Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of oolong tea ethanol extract(OTEE) and epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide-induced murine macrophage cell line(RAW 264.7).Methods: A cytotoxic as...Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of oolong tea ethanol extract(OTEE) and epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide-induced murine macrophage cell line(RAW 264.7).Methods: A cytotoxic assay using MTS tetrazolium was conducted to find a nontoxic level of OTEE and EGCG toward RAW 264.7 cells. Interleukins(IL-6, IL-1 b), tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a), and cyclooxigenase-2(COX-2) levels were measured by ELISA, and nitric oxide(NO) levels measured by a nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay to determine the inhibition activity of OTEE and EGCG.Results: Lipopolysaccharide induction increases NO, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1 b, and TNF-a levels compared with the untreated cell(negative control). The positive control,lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 without treatments showed the highest level of all pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulators tested in this study. The positive control was used as standard to obtain OTEE and EGCG inhibition activity toward NO, COX-2,IL-6, IL-1 b, and TNF-a. OTEE had a higher inhibition activity toward NO, COX-2, IL-6,and IL-1 b than EGCG; the reverse was seen for TNF-a. However, both OTEE and EGCG suppressed production of NO, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1 b, and TNF-a.Conclusions: OTEE and EGCG have the potential for use as anti-inflammatory drugs,which is shown by their ability to reduce the production of NO, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1 b, and TNF-a in active macrophages.展开更多
Leptospirosis is a potential threat to public health. An increasing number of people infected with Leptospira were reported in Bantul District, Yogyakarta special region with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7.8%. Infect...Leptospirosis is a potential threat to public health. An increasing number of people infected with Leptospira were reported in Bantul District, Yogyakarta special region with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7.8%. Infected areas in the district have increased from 2 to 15 sub districts. Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira bacteria and spread by direct contact with infected rodents and indirect contact through contaminated water or soil. Leptospira in rats, water and soil were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The sites of sampled materials were geocoded using Global Positioning System (GPS). Spatial analysis was used to predict the spread of Spira. This study aims to perform the mapping, clustering, and predicting the spread of Leptospira in Bantul Yogyakarta Indonesia. Data were collected from three sub-districts: Sedayu, Sewon and Bantul. The result showed that 38.04% from 368 samples were Spira positive. There were four significant clusters of infection spread source. Spira is predicted to spread in, and out from, Bantul District.展开更多
Objective: To detect genetic variations among pathogenic Leptospira isolated from rats using 16 S r RNA gen as chronometer. Methods: This is an observational study with cross sectional design. Rats saples were taken i...Objective: To detect genetic variations among pathogenic Leptospira isolated from rats using 16 S r RNA gen as chronometer. Methods: This is an observational study with cross sectional design. Rats saples were taken in Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia. Leptospira in the rats was detected by two methods ie. real time PCR(q PCR) by using primers correspond to16 S r RNA gene of Leptospira, and standard PCR by using dif erent set of primer correspond to the 16 S r RNA gene of Leptospira. The standard PCR amplicon then subjected for DNA sequencing. Analysis genetic variation was performed using MEGA 6.2. Software. Results:There were 99 DNA samples from rats included in this study. Detection of Leptospira by using q PCR revealed 25 samples positive for pathogenic Leptospira, while only 6 samples were able to be detected using standard PCR. The new primer set correspond to 16 S r RNA gene was able to detect specii cally pathogenic Leptospira in the rats. Sequencing analysis of 6 PCR amplicons showed that the Leptospira which infect the rats catched in Yogyakarta genetically close related with pathogenic Leptospira which were isolated from human, animal, rodents, and environment. Conclusions: It can be considered that rats are the most important vector and reservoir of Leptospira.展开更多
基金financial support of the Research Center and Service Community,School of Health Sciences Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi,West Java,Indonesia for research grant 2015supported by Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Centre,Aretha Medika Utama,Bandung,West Java,Indonesia
文摘Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of oolong tea ethanol extract(OTEE) and epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide-induced murine macrophage cell line(RAW 264.7).Methods: A cytotoxic assay using MTS tetrazolium was conducted to find a nontoxic level of OTEE and EGCG toward RAW 264.7 cells. Interleukins(IL-6, IL-1 b), tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a), and cyclooxigenase-2(COX-2) levels were measured by ELISA, and nitric oxide(NO) levels measured by a nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay to determine the inhibition activity of OTEE and EGCG.Results: Lipopolysaccharide induction increases NO, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1 b, and TNF-a levels compared with the untreated cell(negative control). The positive control,lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 without treatments showed the highest level of all pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulators tested in this study. The positive control was used as standard to obtain OTEE and EGCG inhibition activity toward NO, COX-2,IL-6, IL-1 b, and TNF-a. OTEE had a higher inhibition activity toward NO, COX-2, IL-6,and IL-1 b than EGCG; the reverse was seen for TNF-a. However, both OTEE and EGCG suppressed production of NO, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1 b, and TNF-a.Conclusions: OTEE and EGCG have the potential for use as anti-inflammatory drugs,which is shown by their ability to reduce the production of NO, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1 b, and TNF-a in active macrophages.
文摘Leptospirosis is a potential threat to public health. An increasing number of people infected with Leptospira were reported in Bantul District, Yogyakarta special region with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 7.8%. Infected areas in the district have increased from 2 to 15 sub districts. Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira bacteria and spread by direct contact with infected rodents and indirect contact through contaminated water or soil. Leptospira in rats, water and soil were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The sites of sampled materials were geocoded using Global Positioning System (GPS). Spatial analysis was used to predict the spread of Spira. This study aims to perform the mapping, clustering, and predicting the spread of Leptospira in Bantul Yogyakarta Indonesia. Data were collected from three sub-districts: Sedayu, Sewon and Bantul. The result showed that 38.04% from 368 samples were Spira positive. There were four significant clusters of infection spread source. Spira is predicted to spread in, and out from, Bantul District.
文摘Objective: To detect genetic variations among pathogenic Leptospira isolated from rats using 16 S r RNA gen as chronometer. Methods: This is an observational study with cross sectional design. Rats saples were taken in Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia. Leptospira in the rats was detected by two methods ie. real time PCR(q PCR) by using primers correspond to16 S r RNA gene of Leptospira, and standard PCR by using dif erent set of primer correspond to the 16 S r RNA gene of Leptospira. The standard PCR amplicon then subjected for DNA sequencing. Analysis genetic variation was performed using MEGA 6.2. Software. Results:There were 99 DNA samples from rats included in this study. Detection of Leptospira by using q PCR revealed 25 samples positive for pathogenic Leptospira, while only 6 samples were able to be detected using standard PCR. The new primer set correspond to 16 S r RNA gene was able to detect specii cally pathogenic Leptospira in the rats. Sequencing analysis of 6 PCR amplicons showed that the Leptospira which infect the rats catched in Yogyakarta genetically close related with pathogenic Leptospira which were isolated from human, animal, rodents, and environment. Conclusions: It can be considered that rats are the most important vector and reservoir of Leptospira.
