Mitochondrial redox metabolism has long been recognized as being central to the effects of aging and the development of age-related pathologies in the major oxidative organs. Consistent evidence has shown that exercis...Mitochondrial redox metabolism has long been recognized as being central to the effects of aging and the development of age-related pathologies in the major oxidative organs. Consistent evidence has shown that exercise is able to retard the onset and impede the progression of aging by modifying mitochondrial oxidant--antioxidant homeostasis. Here we provide a broad overview of the research evidence showing the relationship between mitochondrial redox metabolism, aging and exercise. We address part aspects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （ROS） metabolism, from superoxide production to ROS detoxification, especially antioxidant enzymes and uncoupling protein. Furthermore, we describe mitochondrial remodeling response to aging and exercise, which is accompanied by bioenergetics and redox regulation. In addition, potential mechanisms for redox signaling involved in mitochondrial remodeling and redox metabolism regulation are also reviewed.展开更多
Anecdotal evidence supports the use of Bacrobial skin cleanser for preventing muscle cramps; however, empirical evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE： To examine whether Bacrobial prevents muscle cramping in the triceps sur...Anecdotal evidence supports the use of Bacrobial skin cleanser for preventing muscle cramps; however, empirical evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE： To examine whether Bacrobial prevents muscle cramping in the triceps surae. DESIGN： Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. SETTINGS/LOCATION： Laboratory. SUBJECTS： Seventeen cramp-prone participants （11 male, 6 female; age 21 -4- 2 yrs; 79.72 - 19.75 kg; 175.86 - 11.76 cm） volunteered. INTERVENTION： Participants completed two trials, at least one week apart. On the ftrst trial, Bacrobial was liberally applied to the skin over the triceps surae musculature of one leg, while placebo was applied to the other leg. At 1, 5, 10, and 20 min after application, participants were instructed to induce a cramp in the triceps surae via maximal voluntary contraction. For the second trial, treatments were applied to the opposite leg as in trial one and the cramping procedure was repeated. OUTCOME MEASURES： Incidence of cramping was the main outcome measure and event-odds tables, risk reduction and NNT （numbers needed to treat） or NNH （numbers needed to harm） were calculated at the time intervals of 1, 5, 10 and 20 minutes. RESULTS： No significant differences between treatments were found in cramping incidences at all time intervals. Bacrobial decreased the risk of cramping by 12.5% at one minute （NNT = 8）, while causing a 5.3% increased risk at five minutes （NNH = 5.3）. CONCLUSIONS： Our findings indicate Bacrobial skin cleanser is not an overall effective treatment for muscle cramp prevention. However, the observed results at one minute may be useful to clinicians who treat cramp-prone patients.展开更多
基金supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31110103919, 31200894,31000523,30771048,30470837,31071040,and 30270638)Tianjin Municipal Sci-tech-innovation Base Project (No.10SYSYJC28400)+1 种基金Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project(No.12JCQNJC07900)General Administration of Sport of China Basic Project(No.10B058)
文摘Mitochondrial redox metabolism has long been recognized as being central to the effects of aging and the development of age-related pathologies in the major oxidative organs. Consistent evidence has shown that exercise is able to retard the onset and impede the progression of aging by modifying mitochondrial oxidant--antioxidant homeostasis. Here we provide a broad overview of the research evidence showing the relationship between mitochondrial redox metabolism, aging and exercise. We address part aspects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （ROS） metabolism, from superoxide production to ROS detoxification, especially antioxidant enzymes and uncoupling protein. Furthermore, we describe mitochondrial remodeling response to aging and exercise, which is accompanied by bioenergetics and redox regulation. In addition, potential mechanisms for redox signaling involved in mitochondrial remodeling and redox metabolism regulation are also reviewed.
文摘Anecdotal evidence supports the use of Bacrobial skin cleanser for preventing muscle cramps; however, empirical evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE： To examine whether Bacrobial prevents muscle cramping in the triceps surae. DESIGN： Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. SETTINGS/LOCATION： Laboratory. SUBJECTS： Seventeen cramp-prone participants （11 male, 6 female; age 21 -4- 2 yrs; 79.72 - 19.75 kg; 175.86 - 11.76 cm） volunteered. INTERVENTION： Participants completed two trials, at least one week apart. On the ftrst trial, Bacrobial was liberally applied to the skin over the triceps surae musculature of one leg, while placebo was applied to the other leg. At 1, 5, 10, and 20 min after application, participants were instructed to induce a cramp in the triceps surae via maximal voluntary contraction. For the second trial, treatments were applied to the opposite leg as in trial one and the cramping procedure was repeated. OUTCOME MEASURES： Incidence of cramping was the main outcome measure and event-odds tables, risk reduction and NNT （numbers needed to treat） or NNH （numbers needed to harm） were calculated at the time intervals of 1, 5, 10 and 20 minutes. RESULTS： No significant differences between treatments were found in cramping incidences at all time intervals. Bacrobial decreased the risk of cramping by 12.5% at one minute （NNT = 8）, while causing a 5.3% increased risk at five minutes （NNH = 5.3）. CONCLUSIONS： Our findings indicate Bacrobial skin cleanser is not an overall effective treatment for muscle cramp prevention. However, the observed results at one minute may be useful to clinicians who treat cramp-prone patients.
