Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes...Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.展开更多
Both lyophilization and electrospinning are commonly used to make chitosan scaffolds.However,it remains unknown which method is better for cell growth.In this study,we established the following groups:(1)lyophilizatio...Both lyophilization and electrospinning are commonly used to make chitosan scaffolds.However,it remains unknown which method is better for cell growth.In this study,we established the following groups:(1)lyophilization group-chitosan scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization method and seeded with Schwann cells from Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3-5 days;(2)electrospinning group-chitosan scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning method and seeded with Schwann cells;(3)control group-Schwann cells were cultured on culture dishes.The growth of Schwann cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy.Western blot assay was performed to explore the mechanism of Schwann cell growth.Both materials were non-toxic and suitable for the growth of Schwann cells.The pores produced by electrospinning were much smaller than those produced by lyophilization.The proliferation rate and adhesion rate of Schwann cells in the electrospinning group were higher than those in the lyophilization group.Schwann cells cultured on electrospinning scaffolds formed a Bungner band-like structure,and a much greater amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was secreted,which can promote the growth of neurons.Our findings show that the chitosan scaffold prepared by the electrospinning method has a nanofiber structure that provides an extracellular matrix that is more favorable for cell-cell interactions.The electrospinning method is more suitable for nerve regeneration than the lyophilization method.This research was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Dalian Medical University(approval No.AEE1-2016-045)on March 3,2016.展开更多
Objective:To construct rapidly a full-length cDNA library from nanogram amounts total RIMA of Giardia lamblia(G.lamblia) trophozoites stocked in RNA stabilization reagent.Methods:Total RNA of Giardia was extracted usi...Objective:To construct rapidly a full-length cDNA library from nanogram amounts total RIMA of Giardia lamblia(G.lamblia) trophozoites stocked in RNA stabilization reagent.Methods:Total RNA of Giardia was extracted using Trizol reagent.A full-length cDNA library of G.lamblia trophozoites was constructed by a long-distance PCR(LD-PCR) method.The recombinant rate and the coverage rate of full-length clones of the library were evaluated.The inserted fragments were identified and sequenced by PCR amplification.Results:The titer of cDNA library was 3.85×10~7 pfu/mL.The length of inserted fragments ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 kb,and the recombination efficiency accounted for 100%(20/20).The coverage rate of full-length clones is high(17/20). Conclusions:The RNA stabilization reagent may be used to fix the cells and prevent the RNA in cells even though delivered under normal atmospheric temperature.The long-distance PCR can be used to construct a full-length cDNA library rapidly and it needs less RNA than the traditional method from mRNA.展开更多
Objective: To clarify the indications and to describe the surgical technique and outcomes of surgery involving transfer of the trapezius to the deltoid for the treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus in patients w...Objective: To clarify the indications and to describe the surgical technique and outcomes of surgery involving transfer of the trapezius to the deltoid for the treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus in patients with multidirectional instability in the shoulder. Method: In 17 patients (mean age, 23 years) operated at Sao Vicente de Paulo Hospital and the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Passo Fundo, Brazil from?1999 to 2009, we performed trapezius transfer to the proximal humerus. In these patients, the mean interval between trauma and surgery was 8 months. Results: Functional improvement and resolution of multidirectional instability of the shoulder were observed in all the patients. No patient showed immediate postoperative complications. The mean active mobility was as follows: 95° flexion, 50° abduction, 45° external rotation, and internal rotation at the level of the first lumbar vertebra (L1). The trapezius muscle strength was classified as grade III, and the UCLA functional outcome was 22 points. The postoperative satisfaction was excellent, and occasional pain and weakness was reported by all the patients. Conclusions: Transfer of the trapezius muscle to the proximal humerus provides better results in patients with a more than 6-month-old lesion. This procedure also preserves passive mobility of the limb, confers shoulder stability, provides active mobility, and prevents osteoarthrosis.展开更多
Limb length discrepancy(LLD)is a common orthopedic condition that can result in significant functional impairment,pain,and cosmetic deformities.Current reconstructive techniques for severe LLD are primarily based on c...Limb length discrepancy(LLD)is a common orthopedic condition that can result in significant functional impairment,pain,and cosmetic deformities.Current reconstructive techniques for severe LLD are primarily based on callus distraction,which is a time-consuming process that can lead to complications,such as significant infection,joint stiffness,and stress fractures.To reduce the therapeutic time and minimize the risk of complications,we investigated the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement to callus distraction in the reconstruction of short limbs.We present two cases of severe LLD in the upper and lower legs,in which a twostage reconstruction approach was used.In the first stage,external fixation was applied to the affected limb to correct the soft tissue length and convert the short deformity into a bone defect.In the second stage,the bone defect was reconstructed using bilateral(patient A)or unilateral(patient B)free vascularized fibula bone grafts.Both patients had complete survival of the fibular grafts without stress fractures,and bone consolidation took 8 months(patient A)and 4 months(patient B).Compared to the traditional callus distraction,the two-stage approach was found to be more time-saving and reliable.The entire reconstructive scheme required 18 and 4 months for patients A and B,respectively,whereas the traditional callus distraction required 41 and 17 months,respectively.These findings suggest that the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement for callus distraction may provide an effective and efficient alternative for the treatment of severe LLD.Further studies are needed to validate these results and assess the long-term outcomes of this approach.展开更多
Background Pyruvate phosphate dikinase （PPDK） reversibly catalyzes the interconversion of phosphoenolpyruvate （PEP） and pyruvic acid,leading to catabolism and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） synthesis or gluconeoge...Background Pyruvate phosphate dikinase （PPDK） reversibly catalyzes the interconversion of phosphoenolpyruvate （PEP） and pyruvic acid,leading to catabolism and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） synthesis or gluconeogenesis and ATP consumption.Molecular modeling of PPDKs from divergent organisms demonstrates that the orientation of the phosphorylatable histidine residue within the central domain of PPDK determines whether this enzyme promotes catabolism or gluconeogenesis.The goal of this study was to determine whether PDDK from Giardia underwent adaptive evolution in order to produce more energy under anaerobic conditions.Methods A total of 123 PPDK sequences from protozoans,proteobacteria,plants,and algae were selected,based upon sequence similarities to Giardia lamblia PPDK and Zea mays PPDK.Three-dimensional （3-D） models were generated for PPDKs from divergent organisms and were used to compare the orientation of the phosphorylatable histidine residue within the central domain of PPDKs.These PPDKs were compared using a maximum-likelihood tree.Results For PPDK from Giardia,as well as from other anaerobic protozoans,the central domain tilted toward the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain,indicating that this enzyme catalyzed ATP synthesis.Furthermore,the orientation of this central domain was determined by interactions between the N-and C-terminal domains.Phylogenetic analysis of the N-and C-terminal sequences of PPDKs from different species suggested that PPDK has likely undergone adaptive evolution in response to differences in environmental and metabolic conditions.Conclusion These results suggested that PPDK in anaerobic organisms is functionally adapted to generate energy more efficiently in an anaerobic environment.展开更多
Because China is becoming an aging society,the incidence of diabetes and diabetic foot have been increasing.Diabetic foot has become one of the main health-related killers due to its high disability and mortality rate...Because China is becoming an aging society,the incidence of diabetes and diabetic foot have been increasing.Diabetic foot has become one of the main health-related killers due to its high disability and mortality rates.Negative pressure wound therapy(NPWT)is one of the most effective techniques for the treatment of diabetic foot wounds and great progress,both in terms of research and its clinical application,has been made in the last 20 years of its development.However,due to the complex pathogenesis and management of diabetic foot,irregular application of NPWT often leads to complications,such as infection,bleeding and necrosis,that seriously affect its treatment outcomes.In 2020,under the leadership of Burns,Trauma and Tissue Repair Committee of the Cross-Straits Medicine Exchange Association,the writing group for‘Consensus on the application of negative pressure wound therapy of diabetic foot wounds’was established with the participation of scholars from the specialized areas of burns,endocrinology,vascular surgery,orthopedics and wound repair.Drawing on evidence-based practice suggested by the latest clinical research,this consensus proposes the best clinical practice guidelines for the application and prognostic evaluation of NPWT for diabetic foot.The consensus aims to support the formation of standardized treatment schemes that clinicians can refer to when treating cases of diabetic foot.展开更多
Peripheral nerve defects present complex orthopedic challenges with limited efficacy of clinical interventions.The inadequate proliferation and dysfunction of Schwann cells within the nerve scaffold impede the effecti...Peripheral nerve defects present complex orthopedic challenges with limited efficacy of clinical interventions.The inadequate proliferation and dysfunction of Schwann cells within the nerve scaffold impede the effectiveness of nerve repair.Our previ-ous studies suggested the effectiveness of a magnesium-encapsulated bioactive hydrogel in repairing nerve defects.However,its rapid release of magnesium ions limited its efficacy to long-term nerve regeneration,and its molecular mechanism remains unclear.This study utilized electrospinning technology to fabricate a MgO/MgCO_(3)/polycaprolactone(PCL)multi-gradient nanofiber membrane for peripheral nerve regeneration.Our findings indicated that by carefully adjusting the concentration or proportion of rapidly degradable MgO and slowly degradable MgCO_(3),as well as the number of electrospun layers,the multi-gradient scaffold effectively sustained the release of Mg^(2+)over a period of 6 weeks.Additionally,this study provided insight into the mechanism of Mg^(2+)-induced nerve regeneration and confirmed that Mg^(2+)effectively promoted Schwann cell proliferation,migration,and transition to a repair phenotype.By employing transcriptome sequencing technology,the study identified the Wingless/integrase-1(Wnt)signaling pathway as a crucial mechanism influencing Schwann cell function during nerve regeneration.After implantation in 10 mm critically sized nerve defects in rats,the MgO/MgCO_(3)/PCL multi-gradient nanofiber combined with a 3D-engineered PCL nerve conduit showed enhanced axonal regeneration,remyelination,and reinnervation of muscle tissue 12 weeks post-surgery.In conclusion,this study successfully developed an innovative multi-gradient long-acting MgO/MgCO_(3)/PCL nanofiber with a tunable Mg^(2+)release property,which underscored the molecular mechanism of magnesium-encapsulated biomaterials in treating nervous system diseases and established a robust theoretical foundation for future clinical translation.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(General Program),Nos.23JCYBJC01390(to RL),22JCYBJC00220(to XC),and 22JCYBJC00210(to QL).
文摘Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and disabilities.Research on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target organs.This has led to restrictions on current therapeutic approaches.In this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target organs.After peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal cord.The nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury site.Corresponding damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor disruption.We then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve injury.The main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical exercise.However,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ pathway.Therefore,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973060(to WQ).
文摘Both lyophilization and electrospinning are commonly used to make chitosan scaffolds.However,it remains unknown which method is better for cell growth.In this study,we established the following groups:(1)lyophilization group-chitosan scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization method and seeded with Schwann cells from Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3-5 days;(2)electrospinning group-chitosan scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning method and seeded with Schwann cells;(3)control group-Schwann cells were cultured on culture dishes.The growth of Schwann cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy.Western blot assay was performed to explore the mechanism of Schwann cell growth.Both materials were non-toxic and suitable for the growth of Schwann cells.The pores produced by electrospinning were much smaller than those produced by lyophilization.The proliferation rate and adhesion rate of Schwann cells in the electrospinning group were higher than those in the lyophilization group.Schwann cells cultured on electrospinning scaffolds formed a Bungner band-like structure,and a much greater amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was secreted,which can promote the growth of neurons.Our findings show that the chitosan scaffold prepared by the electrospinning method has a nanofiber structure that provides an extracellular matrix that is more favorable for cell-cell interactions.The electrospinning method is more suitable for nerve regeneration than the lyophilization method.This research was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Dalian Medical University(approval No.AEE1-2016-045)on March 3,2016.
基金supported by grants from the Education Department of Jilin Province(2010D532)the open grant from the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology(GREKF08-07)+2 种基金Natural Grant of Jilin City(201032243)Natural Foundation of Hainan Province of China(310043 and 811197)Key Project of Hainan Provincial Bureau of Health(No2010-41)
文摘Objective:To construct rapidly a full-length cDNA library from nanogram amounts total RIMA of Giardia lamblia(G.lamblia) trophozoites stocked in RNA stabilization reagent.Methods:Total RNA of Giardia was extracted using Trizol reagent.A full-length cDNA library of G.lamblia trophozoites was constructed by a long-distance PCR(LD-PCR) method.The recombinant rate and the coverage rate of full-length clones of the library were evaluated.The inserted fragments were identified and sequenced by PCR amplification.Results:The titer of cDNA library was 3.85×10~7 pfu/mL.The length of inserted fragments ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 kb,and the recombination efficiency accounted for 100%(20/20).The coverage rate of full-length clones is high(17/20). Conclusions:The RNA stabilization reagent may be used to fix the cells and prevent the RNA in cells even though delivered under normal atmospheric temperature.The long-distance PCR can be used to construct a full-length cDNA library rapidly and it needs less RNA than the traditional method from mRNA.
文摘Objective: To clarify the indications and to describe the surgical technique and outcomes of surgery involving transfer of the trapezius to the deltoid for the treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus in patients with multidirectional instability in the shoulder. Method: In 17 patients (mean age, 23 years) operated at Sao Vicente de Paulo Hospital and the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Passo Fundo, Brazil from?1999 to 2009, we performed trapezius transfer to the proximal humerus. In these patients, the mean interval between trauma and surgery was 8 months. Results: Functional improvement and resolution of multidirectional instability of the shoulder were observed in all the patients. No patient showed immediate postoperative complications. The mean active mobility was as follows: 95° flexion, 50° abduction, 45° external rotation, and internal rotation at the level of the first lumbar vertebra (L1). The trapezius muscle strength was classified as grade III, and the UCLA functional outcome was 22 points. The postoperative satisfaction was excellent, and occasional pain and weakness was reported by all the patients. Conclusions: Transfer of the trapezius muscle to the proximal humerus provides better results in patients with a more than 6-month-old lesion. This procedure also preserves passive mobility of the limb, confers shoulder stability, provides active mobility, and prevents osteoarthrosis.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation(grant nos.81871577 and 81971864)。
文摘Limb length discrepancy(LLD)is a common orthopedic condition that can result in significant functional impairment,pain,and cosmetic deformities.Current reconstructive techniques for severe LLD are primarily based on callus distraction,which is a time-consuming process that can lead to complications,such as significant infection,joint stiffness,and stress fractures.To reduce the therapeutic time and minimize the risk of complications,we investigated the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement to callus distraction in the reconstruction of short limbs.We present two cases of severe LLD in the upper and lower legs,in which a twostage reconstruction approach was used.In the first stage,external fixation was applied to the affected limb to correct the soft tissue length and convert the short deformity into a bone defect.In the second stage,the bone defect was reconstructed using bilateral(patient A)or unilateral(patient B)free vascularized fibula bone grafts.Both patients had complete survival of the fibular grafts without stress fractures,and bone consolidation took 8 months(patient A)and 4 months(patient B).Compared to the traditional callus distraction,the two-stage approach was found to be more time-saving and reliable.The entire reconstructive scheme required 18 and 4 months for patients A and B,respectively,whereas the traditional callus distraction required 41 and 17 months,respectively.These findings suggest that the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement for callus distraction may provide an effective and efficient alternative for the treatment of severe LLD.Further studies are needed to validate these results and assess the long-term outcomes of this approach.
基金This work was supported by grants from the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. GREKF08-07）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81301450） and the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department of China （No. 20130413035GH）
文摘Background Pyruvate phosphate dikinase （PPDK） reversibly catalyzes the interconversion of phosphoenolpyruvate （PEP） and pyruvic acid,leading to catabolism and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） synthesis or gluconeogenesis and ATP consumption.Molecular modeling of PPDKs from divergent organisms demonstrates that the orientation of the phosphorylatable histidine residue within the central domain of PPDK determines whether this enzyme promotes catabolism or gluconeogenesis.The goal of this study was to determine whether PDDK from Giardia underwent adaptive evolution in order to produce more energy under anaerobic conditions.Methods A total of 123 PPDK sequences from protozoans,proteobacteria,plants,and algae were selected,based upon sequence similarities to Giardia lamblia PPDK and Zea mays PPDK.Three-dimensional （3-D） models were generated for PPDKs from divergent organisms and were used to compare the orientation of the phosphorylatable histidine residue within the central domain of PPDKs.These PPDKs were compared using a maximum-likelihood tree.Results For PPDK from Giardia,as well as from other anaerobic protozoans,the central domain tilted toward the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain,indicating that this enzyme catalyzed ATP synthesis.Furthermore,the orientation of this central domain was determined by interactions between the N-and C-terminal domains.Phylogenetic analysis of the N-and C-terminal sequences of PPDKs from different species suggested that PPDK has likely undergone adaptive evolution in response to differences in environmental and metabolic conditions.Conclusion These results suggested that PPDK in anaerobic organisms is functionally adapted to generate energy more efficiently in an anaerobic environment.
基金Research on in situ skin repair and regeneration based on micro-tissue engineering technology and 3D printing.(The National Key R&D Program of China,Grant Number 2019YFA0110503).The study on natural living micro-amniotic scaffolds to dynamic regulate immune inflammation and reconstruct wound repairing.(National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Number 81971836).The systemic study of miR-23b_24-1 cluster in the prevention and treatment of MODS caused by sepsis after burns.(National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Number 81930057).The experimental study on regulating the immune inflammatory microenvironment of burn wounds and promoting repair and regeneration based on micro-tissue engineering technology.(National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Number 81871559).
文摘Because China is becoming an aging society,the incidence of diabetes and diabetic foot have been increasing.Diabetic foot has become one of the main health-related killers due to its high disability and mortality rates.Negative pressure wound therapy(NPWT)is one of the most effective techniques for the treatment of diabetic foot wounds and great progress,both in terms of research and its clinical application,has been made in the last 20 years of its development.However,due to the complex pathogenesis and management of diabetic foot,irregular application of NPWT often leads to complications,such as infection,bleeding and necrosis,that seriously affect its treatment outcomes.In 2020,under the leadership of Burns,Trauma and Tissue Repair Committee of the Cross-Straits Medicine Exchange Association,the writing group for‘Consensus on the application of negative pressure wound therapy of diabetic foot wounds’was established with the participation of scholars from the specialized areas of burns,endocrinology,vascular surgery,orthopedics and wound repair.Drawing on evidence-based practice suggested by the latest clinical research,this consensus proposes the best clinical practice guidelines for the application and prognostic evaluation of NPWT for diabetic foot.The consensus aims to support the formation of standardized treatment schemes that clinicians can refer to when treating cases of diabetic foot.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3808000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82402802,82404113,82302713,U23A20490)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742390)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012663,2023A1515220250,2023A1515111068)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(RCBS20231211090537061,JCYJ20230807095203007,JCYJ20230807095121041)the Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund(SZXK023)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM202211038)the Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund,and the Scientific Research Foundation of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital(LCYJZD2021005,KYQD2023244,KYQD2023245)The authors also gratefully acknowledged the kindly financial support provided by the Youth Talent Support Program of the China Association for Science and Technology,and the Top Young Talents of Foal Eagle Program of Fujian Province to Jin Zhang.
文摘Peripheral nerve defects present complex orthopedic challenges with limited efficacy of clinical interventions.The inadequate proliferation and dysfunction of Schwann cells within the nerve scaffold impede the effectiveness of nerve repair.Our previ-ous studies suggested the effectiveness of a magnesium-encapsulated bioactive hydrogel in repairing nerve defects.However,its rapid release of magnesium ions limited its efficacy to long-term nerve regeneration,and its molecular mechanism remains unclear.This study utilized electrospinning technology to fabricate a MgO/MgCO_(3)/polycaprolactone(PCL)multi-gradient nanofiber membrane for peripheral nerve regeneration.Our findings indicated that by carefully adjusting the concentration or proportion of rapidly degradable MgO and slowly degradable MgCO_(3),as well as the number of electrospun layers,the multi-gradient scaffold effectively sustained the release of Mg^(2+)over a period of 6 weeks.Additionally,this study provided insight into the mechanism of Mg^(2+)-induced nerve regeneration and confirmed that Mg^(2+)effectively promoted Schwann cell proliferation,migration,and transition to a repair phenotype.By employing transcriptome sequencing technology,the study identified the Wingless/integrase-1(Wnt)signaling pathway as a crucial mechanism influencing Schwann cell function during nerve regeneration.After implantation in 10 mm critically sized nerve defects in rats,the MgO/MgCO_(3)/PCL multi-gradient nanofiber combined with a 3D-engineered PCL nerve conduit showed enhanced axonal regeneration,remyelination,and reinnervation of muscle tissue 12 weeks post-surgery.In conclusion,this study successfully developed an innovative multi-gradient long-acting MgO/MgCO_(3)/PCL nanofiber with a tunable Mg^(2+)release property,which underscored the molecular mechanism of magnesium-encapsulated biomaterials in treating nervous system diseases and established a robust theoretical foundation for future clinical translation.
