International non-governmental organizations were among the first international actors that responded to the emer- gence of AIDS crisis in China. Since 1994, the number of international non-governmental organizations ...International non-governmental organizations were among the first international actors that responded to the emer- gence of AIDS crisis in China. Since 1994, the number of international non-governmental organizations and charitable foundations working in AIDS related issue areas in China has grown steadily and substantially. Despite their organiza- tional differences, most of these non-governmental actors present the characteristics of independent mission, localized practice and diverse working focus. Even though they are constrained by financial and other factors compared with multilateral and bilateral official assistance agencies, they have still played a unique role in fighting against AIDS in China as technical experts, public educators, and civil society supporters.展开更多
Over the past forty years of reform and opening-up,China's industry has sustained rapid and sound development and generated impressive achievements.Industrialization has entered the second half of its final stage....Over the past forty years of reform and opening-up,China's industry has sustained rapid and sound development and generated impressive achievements.Industrialization has entered the second half of its final stage.This experience of successful industrialization with Chinese characteristics constitutes an important component Chinese wisdom and Chinese approaches,and serves as a reference for other developing countries and countries in transition.The Chinese experience in industrial development during this period includes: progressively promoting industrial and economic system reform adapted to local circumstances; seizing the right moment to firmly integrate into the global system of labor division; pursuing the new path of industrialization featuring coordinated development of the "Five Pillars" in keeping up with the times; and developing an industrialization model with Chinese characteristics with concerted efforts of effective market and enabling government.展开更多
How has the informality of urban slums exposed a gap in policy formulation and research questions in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic?This paper seeks to identify the appropriate questions an...How has the informality of urban slums exposed a gap in policy formulation and research questions in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic?This paper seeks to identify the appropriate questions and policy frame that would assist future researchers and policymakers on the subject of pandemics in densely populated urban settlements.The authors argue that the nexus between asking the appropriate questions and developing appropriate policy response measures during a pandemic can significantly impact the outcome of the response.The paper examines how the government of Kenya's response to the COVID-19 pandemic reveals a deep-rooted socio-economic and cultural inequality when"blanket"policies are adopted without taking into consideration the tnique dynamics characterizing the society.The findings show that the effectiveness of implementing COVID-19 containment policies such as lockdowns,the cession of movement,working from home,distance learning,and social distancing are affected by other factors such as the nature of jobs,one's income levels,where someone lives,cultural beliefs,access to water,sanitation,intemet,and medical facilities.This means that a significant number of people within the society experience a double tragedy from the pandemic and impact of government response measures.Yet most of the existing literature has focused on the causes,spread,and impact of the pandemic on health institutions,economies,and public health with little emphasis on the impact on policy measures especially on the vulnerable segments of the society.This paper,therefore,looks at the question of how the various public health intervention strategies disrupt or construct the livelihood of the already complex informal settlement.It provides policymakers and researchers with a number of questions that can frame policy and research during a pandemic with important consideration to urban informality.展开更多
The Legislative Assembly of the Macao Special Administrative Region passed the 2015 Tobacco Control Laws on July 10, 2015, stimulating a heated discussion and debate in society. In this study, a content analysis of ne...The Legislative Assembly of the Macao Special Administrative Region passed the 2015 Tobacco Control Laws on July 10, 2015, stimulating a heated discussion and debate in society. In this study, a content analysis of news coverage appearing in Macao Daily between July 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 was conducted. It also applied PEST method to carry out detailed analysis of the public’s opinions, aiming at gaining a better understanding of the current situation of tobacco control work in Macao and the challenges lay ahead. Moreover, we use KAP （Knowledge-Attitude-Practice） framework to propose further enhancement and improvement of government’s tobacco control work.展开更多
As China expands its official development assistance (ODA) in Southeast Asia,is Chinese aid beginning to emulate international norms and practices or instead establishing its own distinct approach to development assis...As China expands its official development assistance (ODA) in Southeast Asia,is Chinese aid beginning to emulate international norms and practices or instead establishing its own distinct approach to development assistance? This essay argues that China’s socialization into international norms varies with the thickness of the institutional environment. In Cambodia and Laos,China’s aid program shows signs of alignment with international aid practices. At the regional level,however,China is beginning to act more like a norm-maker. Through expanding its financial support for select regional initiatives,Beijing is bolstering its ability to shape the norms and practices of regional developmental institutions. China’s rising ODA in Southeast Asia poses a potential challenge to Australia’s influence in the region,but also provides opportunities for greater diplomatic engagement and cooperation in support of regional development.展开更多
After su ering from the short nightmare of "market society" in the 1990s,China has found a burgeoning countermovement hastening the birth of a "social market". In a social market,the market is stil...After su ering from the short nightmare of "market society" in the 1990s,China has found a burgeoning countermovement hastening the birth of a "social market". In a social market,the market is still the primary mechanism of resource allocation but the government employs redistributive instruments to conduct "decommodification" in areas concerning people's rights of existence,letting everyone share the fruits of market operation and letting each social class share the costs of market operation in a bid to reembed the market in social and ethical relations. A litany of social policies enacted in recent years show that the Chinese government has both the political will and fiscal prowess to serve as a midwife for the birth of the social market. Nevertheless,China has yet to strengthen its will and prowess. Today there still exists a multitude of grave problems in Chinese society but it is a historical turning point to see the eventual emergence of social policy whose importance cannot be overestimated.展开更多
To use water resources sustainably, it is important to understand the quantity of water resource spatially and temporally. Therefore, the work presented here attempts to preface future modeling applications within a w...To use water resources sustainably, it is important to understand the quantity of water resource spatially and temporally. Therefore, the work presented here attempts to preface future modeling applications within a watershed in North Carolina, by assessing the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in analyzing watershed hydrology and variability of streamflow in the watershed. Statistical model performance measures, the coefficient of determination (R2) andNash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were used to evaluate the correlation between the observed and simulated monthly streamflow. The result shows a good agreement between the observed and simulated flow. Both NSE and R2 were found to be greater than 0.7 for the calibration and validation period. A scenario analysis performed to determine the effect of future land use change on runoff and water yield shows a 13.9% and 8.32% increase in the surface runoff and water yield respectively, in 2030, when impervious percentage increases from 24.2% in 2010 to 36.5% in 2030. This interesting performance obtained with the SWAT model suggests that SWAT model could be a promising decision support tool to predict water balance and water yield in other watersheds in North Carolina for sustainable water management of water resources where the impact of recent state mandates regarding water quality and quantity is a critical issue.展开更多
The article reviews the development of political science in China in the last century, especially in the last 30 years. It shows that the discipline has gone through two stages, namely, uncritical learning and gullibl...The article reviews the development of political science in China in the last century, especially in the last 30 years. It shows that the discipline has gone through two stages, namely, uncritical learning and gullible emulating. It is entering a new stage： conscious indigenization of political science. It argues that indigenization is not an easy task even for indigenous academics. Therefore a project of indigenization requires a conscious and active effort on their part. Without critical introspection, indigenization is impossible.展开更多
To examine the directions and developmental process of China＇s socialist construction at a time when the Chinese economy is growing rapidly despite the current world economic crisis is an act of no ordinary significa...To examine the directions and developmental process of China＇s socialist construction at a time when the Chinese economy is growing rapidly despite the current world economic crisis is an act of no ordinary significance. Broadly speaking, China＇s sixty years of socialist construction can be divided into two phases： the first thirty years from 1949 to 1979 and the second thirty from 1979 to 2009. The first thirty years of China＇s socialist revolution and construction laid a solid foundation for the reform and opening up of the next thirty years, a period in which China＇s continued exploration of new directions led to spectacular achievements. History teaches us that the linchpin of building socialism is not whether you have a detailed blueprint for socialism, but whether you have a grand vision for understanding socialism and the courage to direct socialist construction. Although China today faces many problems and even grave challenges, we will open up an ever wider path for socialism with Chinese characteristics so long as our country adheres to the direction of socialism.展开更多
This article seeks to develop a conceptual and policy framework for understanding China＇s role in the global economic imbalances. China＇s contribution to these imbalances via recurrent trade and financial surpluses ...This article seeks to develop a conceptual and policy framework for understanding China＇s role in the global economic imbalances. China＇s contribution to these imbalances via recurrent trade and financial surpluses corresponds with a phase of deepening structural risks to China s economic growth and development. These structural challenges include： the composition of growth resulting from China＇s dynamic internal transformation, China＇s trade orientation, the trajectory of resource use and CO emissions, welfare problems relating to distribution and international constraints. This article develops a conceptual framework for examining the relationship between the processes of long-run structural transformation in China, its economic imbalances, and the role of institutional reform in dealing with these structural challenges. As such, economic policy shouM extend beyond short-term macro management to pursue an institutional reform dgenda to facilitate broader structural change to mitigate constraints to future growth and to improve economic welfare.展开更多
Although similar in many respects, the two major Christian universities in Republican China adopted markedly different approaches to the common challenge of student nationalism. Case studies of the May Thirtieth Movem...Although similar in many respects, the two major Christian universities in Republican China adopted markedly different approaches to the common challenge of student nationalism. Case studies of the May Thirtieth Movement at St. John＇s University and the December Ninth Movement at Yenching University illustrate the consequences of these sharply contrasting experiences. Whereas St. John＇s was crippled by May Thirtieth, Yenching escaped December Ninth relatively unscathed. The explanation for the contrast, this paper suggests, lies not in any fundamental disagreement in the mission of the two universities or the philosophies of their famous and forceful presidents. It must be sought instead in the different campus cultures in which the student protests originated, and in the urban micro-environments in which the two universities were located： treaty-port Shanghai and post-imperial Peking.展开更多
This paper describes the status quo of China-Middle East and North Africa(MENA)relations in the early 2000s,identifies the Arab Spring as a pivot point in Chinese engagement in the region,and notes increasingly proact...This paper describes the status quo of China-Middle East and North Africa(MENA)relations in the early 2000s,identifies the Arab Spring as a pivot point in Chinese engagement in the region,and notes increasingly proactive Chinese diplomacy in the region in the past few years.Even if Beijing harbors no hegemonic ambitions along the lines of a post-Cold War United States,its far-flung economic interests mean that conflicts in the MENA have direct implications for Chinese affairs.Thus,China’s role in the MENA is evolving from status-quo observing to proactive engagement in order to address the mounting challenges in the region multilaterally.We conclude by suggesting that sustaining this kind of proactive engagement requires the foreign-policy infrastructure and international goodwill to do so.If China seeks to further expand its economic footprint in the region,it will need to invest more in knowledge production and academic study regarding the MENA,increase targeted development assistance to the region,and re-evaluate how it responds to major regional conflicts,both in terms of protecting its own interests and citizens and in terms of promoting peacebuilding and conflict resolution in the region.展开更多
Pay-for-grades programs aim to incentivize families and students to engage in specified behaviors given financial remittance.In addition to doubts over its effectiveness,educators worry that monetary incentives could ...Pay-for-grades programs aim to incentivize families and students to engage in specified behaviors given financial remittance.In addition to doubts over its effectiveness,educators worry that monetary incentives could skew student learning motivation and lead to academic cheating.Using a randomized control trial in 11 Chinese primary schools,we studied the effects of pay-for-grades programs on academic cheating.We randomly assigned 82 classrooms into treatment or control conditions,and used a statistical algorithm to determine the occurrence of cheating.While our data indicates a concerning level of cheating overall,our experiment did not find any relationship between academic cheating and the pay-for-grades program.Finally,we discuss the feasibility of such policies in improving learning outcomes and its policy implications.展开更多
Building a regulatory regime over its industry challenges the Chinese state in the process of moving towards a modem economy. To what extent has the socialist state intervention in markets been altered along with Chin...Building a regulatory regime over its industry challenges the Chinese state in the process of moving towards a modem economy. To what extent has the socialist state intervention in markets been altered along with China＇s integration into the global economy？ Roselyn Hsueh examines China＇s regulatory regime of FDI through the comparison of two industries, telecommunication and textiles and finds an interesting mode of global economic integration that distinguishes China from both the liberal economic model and the East Asian developmental state model. The conclusion is that, even though China has introduced commitments made to the WTO and has liberalized FDI, it only appears to be a more liberal state in that the government has ＂selectively imposed new regulations at the sectoral level, asserting and even tightening control over industry and market development.＂ She further explores the political implication of this bifurcated strategy--＂liberal- ization two-step＂--and argues that introduction of economic competition and tol- erance of private economies and market ideas and norms do not necessarily lead to political change towards a democratic one.展开更多
Human branding has become an essential issue in political marketing.It is exempli fied in the election of American Presidents.This paper examines the American experience to suggest a typology of human branding that ma...Human branding has become an essential issue in political marketing.It is exempli fied in the election of American Presidents.This paper examines the American experience to suggest a typology of human branding that may apply in both presidential and other political systems.It examines examples of presidential human brands from George Washington on but,given significant changes to electoral procedures,concentrates on first-time successful presidential candidates since 1901.The fourfold typology offers an interrelated set of ideal types that will augment the analysis of human branding.It is applied to presidents when they take up office rather than after serving.The typology draws on the source of primary brand association and relation to the core political system of each politician.展开更多
Have Saudi relations with China changed amid the COVID-19 pandemic?Commentary focussed on the international relations of the Persian Gulf has speculated that China’s successful containment of the virus at home,combin...Have Saudi relations with China changed amid the COVID-19 pandemic?Commentary focussed on the international relations of the Persian Gulf has speculated that China’s successful containment of the virus at home,combined with new diplomatic overtures,might lead to closer relations between China and the region.This article offers a framework for scholars to partially address this and other foreign-policy questions regarding the Kingdom,through close readings of Saudi media outlets that shed light on mass attitudes and elite sentiment.Analysis of a range of Saudi op-eds and feature stories suggests that criticism of China within the Kingdom has diminished in recent years,but also indicates that this shift long predated the present pandemic.At the same time,while key commentators appear to harbour genuine respect and admiration for China’s economic development,Saudi Arabia’s close security partnership with the United States has served to temper pro-Chinese narratives within Saudi media.展开更多
文摘International non-governmental organizations were among the first international actors that responded to the emer- gence of AIDS crisis in China. Since 1994, the number of international non-governmental organizations and charitable foundations working in AIDS related issue areas in China has grown steadily and substantially. Despite their organiza- tional differences, most of these non-governmental actors present the characteristics of independent mission, localized practice and diverse working focus. Even though they are constrained by financial and other factors compared with multilateral and bilateral official assistance agencies, they have still played a unique role in fighting against AIDS in China as technical experts, public educators, and civil society supporters.
基金a research result of National Social Sciences Fund(14BJY067)
文摘Over the past forty years of reform and opening-up,China's industry has sustained rapid and sound development and generated impressive achievements.Industrialization has entered the second half of its final stage.This experience of successful industrialization with Chinese characteristics constitutes an important component Chinese wisdom and Chinese approaches,and serves as a reference for other developing countries and countries in transition.The Chinese experience in industrial development during this period includes: progressively promoting industrial and economic system reform adapted to local circumstances; seizing the right moment to firmly integrate into the global system of labor division; pursuing the new path of industrialization featuring coordinated development of the "Five Pillars" in keeping up with the times; and developing an industrialization model with Chinese characteristics with concerted efforts of effective market and enabling government.
文摘How has the informality of urban slums exposed a gap in policy formulation and research questions in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic?This paper seeks to identify the appropriate questions and policy frame that would assist future researchers and policymakers on the subject of pandemics in densely populated urban settlements.The authors argue that the nexus between asking the appropriate questions and developing appropriate policy response measures during a pandemic can significantly impact the outcome of the response.The paper examines how the government of Kenya's response to the COVID-19 pandemic reveals a deep-rooted socio-economic and cultural inequality when"blanket"policies are adopted without taking into consideration the tnique dynamics characterizing the society.The findings show that the effectiveness of implementing COVID-19 containment policies such as lockdowns,the cession of movement,working from home,distance learning,and social distancing are affected by other factors such as the nature of jobs,one's income levels,where someone lives,cultural beliefs,access to water,sanitation,intemet,and medical facilities.This means that a significant number of people within the society experience a double tragedy from the pandemic and impact of government response measures.Yet most of the existing literature has focused on the causes,spread,and impact of the pandemic on health institutions,economies,and public health with little emphasis on the impact on policy measures especially on the vulnerable segments of the society.This paper,therefore,looks at the question of how the various public health intervention strategies disrupt or construct the livelihood of the already complex informal settlement.It provides policymakers and researchers with a number of questions that can frame policy and research during a pandemic with important consideration to urban informality.
文摘The Legislative Assembly of the Macao Special Administrative Region passed the 2015 Tobacco Control Laws on July 10, 2015, stimulating a heated discussion and debate in society. In this study, a content analysis of news coverage appearing in Macao Daily between July 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015 was conducted. It also applied PEST method to carry out detailed analysis of the public’s opinions, aiming at gaining a better understanding of the current situation of tobacco control work in Macao and the challenges lay ahead. Moreover, we use KAP （Knowledge-Attitude-Practice） framework to propose further enhancement and improvement of government’s tobacco control work.
文摘As China expands its official development assistance (ODA) in Southeast Asia,is Chinese aid beginning to emulate international norms and practices or instead establishing its own distinct approach to development assistance? This essay argues that China’s socialization into international norms varies with the thickness of the institutional environment. In Cambodia and Laos,China’s aid program shows signs of alignment with international aid practices. At the regional level,however,China is beginning to act more like a norm-maker. Through expanding its financial support for select regional initiatives,Beijing is bolstering its ability to shape the norms and practices of regional developmental institutions. China’s rising ODA in Southeast Asia poses a potential challenge to Australia’s influence in the region,but also provides opportunities for greater diplomatic engagement and cooperation in support of regional development.
文摘After su ering from the short nightmare of "market society" in the 1990s,China has found a burgeoning countermovement hastening the birth of a "social market". In a social market,the market is still the primary mechanism of resource allocation but the government employs redistributive instruments to conduct "decommodification" in areas concerning people's rights of existence,letting everyone share the fruits of market operation and letting each social class share the costs of market operation in a bid to reembed the market in social and ethical relations. A litany of social policies enacted in recent years show that the Chinese government has both the political will and fiscal prowess to serve as a midwife for the birth of the social market. Nevertheless,China has yet to strengthen its will and prowess. Today there still exists a multitude of grave problems in Chinese society but it is a historical turning point to see the eventual emergence of social policy whose importance cannot be overestimated.
文摘To use water resources sustainably, it is important to understand the quantity of water resource spatially and temporally. Therefore, the work presented here attempts to preface future modeling applications within a watershed in North Carolina, by assessing the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in analyzing watershed hydrology and variability of streamflow in the watershed. Statistical model performance measures, the coefficient of determination (R2) andNash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were used to evaluate the correlation between the observed and simulated monthly streamflow. The result shows a good agreement between the observed and simulated flow. Both NSE and R2 were found to be greater than 0.7 for the calibration and validation period. A scenario analysis performed to determine the effect of future land use change on runoff and water yield shows a 13.9% and 8.32% increase in the surface runoff and water yield respectively, in 2030, when impervious percentage increases from 24.2% in 2010 to 36.5% in 2030. This interesting performance obtained with the SWAT model suggests that SWAT model could be a promising decision support tool to predict water balance and water yield in other watersheds in North Carolina for sustainable water management of water resources where the impact of recent state mandates regarding water quality and quantity is a critical issue.
文摘The article reviews the development of political science in China in the last century, especially in the last 30 years. It shows that the discipline has gone through two stages, namely, uncritical learning and gullible emulating. It is entering a new stage： conscious indigenization of political science. It argues that indigenization is not an easy task even for indigenous academics. Therefore a project of indigenization requires a conscious and active effort on their part. Without critical introspection, indigenization is impossible.
文摘To examine the directions and developmental process of China＇s socialist construction at a time when the Chinese economy is growing rapidly despite the current world economic crisis is an act of no ordinary significance. Broadly speaking, China＇s sixty years of socialist construction can be divided into two phases： the first thirty years from 1949 to 1979 and the second thirty from 1979 to 2009. The first thirty years of China＇s socialist revolution and construction laid a solid foundation for the reform and opening up of the next thirty years, a period in which China＇s continued exploration of new directions led to spectacular achievements. History teaches us that the linchpin of building socialism is not whether you have a detailed blueprint for socialism, but whether you have a grand vision for understanding socialism and the courage to direct socialist construction. Although China today faces many problems and even grave challenges, we will open up an ever wider path for socialism with Chinese characteristics so long as our country adheres to the direction of socialism.
文摘This article seeks to develop a conceptual and policy framework for understanding China＇s role in the global economic imbalances. China＇s contribution to these imbalances via recurrent trade and financial surpluses corresponds with a phase of deepening structural risks to China s economic growth and development. These structural challenges include： the composition of growth resulting from China＇s dynamic internal transformation, China＇s trade orientation, the trajectory of resource use and CO emissions, welfare problems relating to distribution and international constraints. This article develops a conceptual framework for examining the relationship between the processes of long-run structural transformation in China, its economic imbalances, and the role of institutional reform in dealing with these structural challenges. As such, economic policy shouM extend beyond short-term macro management to pursue an institutional reform dgenda to facilitate broader structural change to mitigate constraints to future growth and to improve economic welfare.
文摘Although similar in many respects, the two major Christian universities in Republican China adopted markedly different approaches to the common challenge of student nationalism. Case studies of the May Thirtieth Movement at St. John＇s University and the December Ninth Movement at Yenching University illustrate the consequences of these sharply contrasting experiences. Whereas St. John＇s was crippled by May Thirtieth, Yenching escaped December Ninth relatively unscathed. The explanation for the contrast, this paper suggests, lies not in any fundamental disagreement in the mission of the two universities or the philosophies of their famous and forceful presidents. It must be sought instead in the different campus cultures in which the student protests originated, and in the urban micro-environments in which the two universities were located： treaty-port Shanghai and post-imperial Peking.
文摘This paper describes the status quo of China-Middle East and North Africa(MENA)relations in the early 2000s,identifies the Arab Spring as a pivot point in Chinese engagement in the region,and notes increasingly proactive Chinese diplomacy in the region in the past few years.Even if Beijing harbors no hegemonic ambitions along the lines of a post-Cold War United States,its far-flung economic interests mean that conflicts in the MENA have direct implications for Chinese affairs.Thus,China’s role in the MENA is evolving from status-quo observing to proactive engagement in order to address the mounting challenges in the region multilaterally.We conclude by suggesting that sustaining this kind of proactive engagement requires the foreign-policy infrastructure and international goodwill to do so.If China seeks to further expand its economic footprint in the region,it will need to invest more in knowledge production and academic study regarding the MENA,increase targeted development assistance to the region,and re-evaluate how it responds to major regional conflicts,both in terms of protecting its own interests and citizens and in terms of promoting peacebuilding and conflict resolution in the region.
文摘Pay-for-grades programs aim to incentivize families and students to engage in specified behaviors given financial remittance.In addition to doubts over its effectiveness,educators worry that monetary incentives could skew student learning motivation and lead to academic cheating.Using a randomized control trial in 11 Chinese primary schools,we studied the effects of pay-for-grades programs on academic cheating.We randomly assigned 82 classrooms into treatment or control conditions,and used a statistical algorithm to determine the occurrence of cheating.While our data indicates a concerning level of cheating overall,our experiment did not find any relationship between academic cheating and the pay-for-grades program.Finally,we discuss the feasibility of such policies in improving learning outcomes and its policy implications.
文摘Building a regulatory regime over its industry challenges the Chinese state in the process of moving towards a modem economy. To what extent has the socialist state intervention in markets been altered along with China＇s integration into the global economy？ Roselyn Hsueh examines China＇s regulatory regime of FDI through the comparison of two industries, telecommunication and textiles and finds an interesting mode of global economic integration that distinguishes China from both the liberal economic model and the East Asian developmental state model. The conclusion is that, even though China has introduced commitments made to the WTO and has liberalized FDI, it only appears to be a more liberal state in that the government has ＂selectively imposed new regulations at the sectoral level, asserting and even tightening control over industry and market development.＂ She further explores the political implication of this bifurcated strategy--＂liberal- ization two-step＂--and argues that introduction of economic competition and tol- erance of private economies and market ideas and norms do not necessarily lead to political change towards a democratic one.
文摘Human branding has become an essential issue in political marketing.It is exempli fied in the election of American Presidents.This paper examines the American experience to suggest a typology of human branding that may apply in both presidential and other political systems.It examines examples of presidential human brands from George Washington on but,given significant changes to electoral procedures,concentrates on first-time successful presidential candidates since 1901.The fourfold typology offers an interrelated set of ideal types that will augment the analysis of human branding.It is applied to presidents when they take up office rather than after serving.The typology draws on the source of primary brand association and relation to the core political system of each politician.
基金special issue of Sino-Saudi Relations is a joint project of Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies and King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Have Saudi relations with China changed amid the COVID-19 pandemic?Commentary focussed on the international relations of the Persian Gulf has speculated that China’s successful containment of the virus at home,combined with new diplomatic overtures,might lead to closer relations between China and the region.This article offers a framework for scholars to partially address this and other foreign-policy questions regarding the Kingdom,through close readings of Saudi media outlets that shed light on mass attitudes and elite sentiment.Analysis of a range of Saudi op-eds and feature stories suggests that criticism of China within the Kingdom has diminished in recent years,but also indicates that this shift long predated the present pandemic.At the same time,while key commentators appear to harbour genuine respect and admiration for China’s economic development,Saudi Arabia’s close security partnership with the United States has served to temper pro-Chinese narratives within Saudi media.
