The vertical distribution of single scattering albedos （SSAs） of Asian dust mixed with pollutants was derived using the multi-wavelength Raman lidar observation system at Gwangju （35.10°N,126.53°E）.Verti...The vertical distribution of single scattering albedos （SSAs） of Asian dust mixed with pollutants was derived using the multi-wavelength Raman lidar observation system at Gwangju （35.10°N,126.53°E）.Vertical profiles of both backscatter and extinction coefficients for dust and non-dust aerosols were extracted from a mixed Asian dust plume using the depolarization ratio from lidar observations.Vertical profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients of non-dust particles were input into an inversion algorithm to retrieve the SSAs of non-dust aerosols.Atmospheric aerosol layers at different heights had different light-absorbing characteristics.The SSAs of non-dust particles at each height varied with aerosol type,which was either urban/industrial pollutants from China transported over long distances at high altitude,or regional/local pollutants from the Korean peninsula.Taking advantage of independent profiles of SSAs of non-dust particles,vertical profiles of SSAs of Asian dust mixed with pollutants were estimated for the first time,with a new approach suggested in this study using an empirical determination of the SSA of pure dust.The SSAs of the Asian dust-pollutants mixture within the planetary boundary layer （PBL） were in the range 0.88-0.91,while the values above the PBL were in the range 0.76-0.87,with a very low mean value of 0.76 ± 0.05.The total mixed dust plume SSAs in each aerosol layer were integrated over height for comparison with results from the Aerosol Robotics Network （AERONET） measurements.Values of SSA retrieved from lidar observations of 0.92 ± 0.01 were in good agreement with the results from AERONET measurements.展开更多
One of the most powerful functions of Geographic Information System for Transportation (GIS-T) is Dynamic Segmentation (DS), which is used to increase the efficiency and precision of road management by generating segm...One of the most powerful functions of Geographic Information System for Transportation (GIS-T) is Dynamic Segmentation (DS), which is used to increase the efficiency and precision of road management by generating segments based on attributes. The road segments describing transportation data are both spatially and temporally referenced. For a variety of transportation applications, historical road segments must be preserved. This study presents an appropriate approach to preserve and retrieve the historical road segments efficiently. In the proposed method, only the portions of segments of a time stamp that have been changed into new segments rather than storing the entire segments for every old time stamp are recorded .The storage of these portions is based on the type of changes. A recursive algorithm is developed to retrieve all segments for every old time stamp. Experimental results using real data of Tehran City, Iran justify the strength of the proposed approach in many aspects. An important achievement of the results is that database volume for 2006, 2007 and 2008 within the Historical Line Event Table (HLET) is reduced by 70%, 80% and 78%, respectively. The proposed method has the potential to prevent from vast data redundancy and the unnecessary storage of entire segments for each time stamp. Since the present technique is performed on ordinary plain tables that are readable by all GIS software, special software platforms to manage the storage and retrieval of historical segments are not needed. In addition, this method simplifies spatio-temporal queries.展开更多
基金funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program (Grant No.CATER 2012-7080)a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (Grant No.2012R1A1A2002983)the Global Ph.D. Fellowship program sponsored by the National Research Foundation of Korea
文摘The vertical distribution of single scattering albedos （SSAs） of Asian dust mixed with pollutants was derived using the multi-wavelength Raman lidar observation system at Gwangju （35.10°N,126.53°E）.Vertical profiles of both backscatter and extinction coefficients for dust and non-dust aerosols were extracted from a mixed Asian dust plume using the depolarization ratio from lidar observations.Vertical profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients of non-dust particles were input into an inversion algorithm to retrieve the SSAs of non-dust aerosols.Atmospheric aerosol layers at different heights had different light-absorbing characteristics.The SSAs of non-dust particles at each height varied with aerosol type,which was either urban/industrial pollutants from China transported over long distances at high altitude,or regional/local pollutants from the Korean peninsula.Taking advantage of independent profiles of SSAs of non-dust particles,vertical profiles of SSAs of Asian dust mixed with pollutants were estimated for the first time,with a new approach suggested in this study using an empirical determination of the SSA of pure dust.The SSAs of the Asian dust-pollutants mixture within the planetary boundary layer （PBL） were in the range 0.88-0.91,while the values above the PBL were in the range 0.76-0.87,with a very low mean value of 0.76 ± 0.05.The total mixed dust plume SSAs in each aerosol layer were integrated over height for comparison with results from the Aerosol Robotics Network （AERONET） measurements.Values of SSA retrieved from lidar observations of 0.92 ± 0.01 were in good agreement with the results from AERONET measurements.
文摘One of the most powerful functions of Geographic Information System for Transportation (GIS-T) is Dynamic Segmentation (DS), which is used to increase the efficiency and precision of road management by generating segments based on attributes. The road segments describing transportation data are both spatially and temporally referenced. For a variety of transportation applications, historical road segments must be preserved. This study presents an appropriate approach to preserve and retrieve the historical road segments efficiently. In the proposed method, only the portions of segments of a time stamp that have been changed into new segments rather than storing the entire segments for every old time stamp are recorded .The storage of these portions is based on the type of changes. A recursive algorithm is developed to retrieve all segments for every old time stamp. Experimental results using real data of Tehran City, Iran justify the strength of the proposed approach in many aspects. An important achievement of the results is that database volume for 2006, 2007 and 2008 within the Historical Line Event Table (HLET) is reduced by 70%, 80% and 78%, respectively. The proposed method has the potential to prevent from vast data redundancy and the unnecessary storage of entire segments for each time stamp. Since the present technique is performed on ordinary plain tables that are readable by all GIS software, special software platforms to manage the storage and retrieval of historical segments are not needed. In addition, this method simplifies spatio-temporal queries.
