This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis...This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.展开更多
Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities,such as poor land cover management.One of the most crucial elements of a successful l...Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities,such as poor land cover management.One of the most crucial elements of a successful land resource management plan is the evaluation of Land Use Land Cover(LULC).Over the past 20 years,our planet’s land cover resources have undergone substantial changes due to rapid development.The Land Use Land Cover(LULC)categories of the Patna Urban Agglomeration(PUA),including water bodies,agricultural land,barren land,built-up areas,and vegetation,were identified using Geographic Information System(GIS)techniques.Three multi-temporal images were analyzed and classified through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood method.By comparing three separately created LULC categorized maps from 1990 and 2024,temporal changes were analyzed.In order to update land cover or manage natural resources,it is vital to use change detection as a tool to identify changes in LULC over time in PUA,Patna between 1990,2010 and 2024.According to their respective Kappa coefficients,the accuracy rates for 1990,2010 and 2024 LULC are 91.66 and 94.93,respectively.An accuracy evaluation was conducted to determine the correctness of the classification system and to determine the efficacy of the LULC classification maps.One hundred reference test pixels were identified.There have been found significant changes in the LULC were built up area has increased doubled in last thirty-four years of timeline.展开更多
Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students.However,understanding of the current supply of campus green space(CGS)and its drivers at different educ...Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students.However,understanding of the current supply of campus green space(CGS)and its drivers at different education stages is still limited.A new framework was established to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors across all education stages(kindergarten,primary school,middle school,college)in 1100 schools at the urban scale of Xi’an,China.The research results show that:1)CGS is lower in the Baqiao district and higher in the Yanta and Xincheng districts of Xi’an City.‘Green wealthy schools are mainly concentrated in the Weiyang,Chang’an and Yanta districts.2)CGS of these schools in descending order is college(31.40%)>kindergarten(18.32%)>middle school(13.56%)>primary school(10.70%).3)Colleges have the most recreation sites(n(number)=2),the best education levels(11.93 yr),and the lowest housing prices(1.18×10^(4) yuan(RMB)/m^(2));middle schools have the highest public expenditures(3.97×10^(9) yuan/yr);primary schools have the highest CGS accessibility(travel time gap(TTG)=31.33).4)Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model and Spearman’s test prove that recreation sites have a significant positive impact on college green spaces(0.28–0.35),and education level has a significant positive impact on kindergarten green spaces(0.16–0.24).This research framework provides important insights for the assessment of school greening initiatives aimed at fostering healthier learning environments for future generations.展开更多
Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LM...Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.展开更多
Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security...Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security.This study investigates the interplay between these land use changes and their environmental implications at macro(district)and micro(village)levels,focusing on agricultural productivity and resource sustainability.The study employs a mixed-method approach,integrating secondary data from official datasets and primary data gathered through structured household surveys,focus group discussions,and visual analysis techniques.Data from 20 villages,selected based on predominant land use characteristics,were analysed using statistical and geospatial tools,including ArcGIS and STATA,to quantify food grain losses and evaluate environmental degradation.Findings of this study reveal a 19%reduction in agricultural land over two decades(2000-2024),correlating with increased residential and industrial areas.Groundwater resources face severe overexploitation,with pollution from industrial clusters further degrading water and soil quality.The study estimates a total food grain loss of 1.5 million kilograms across surveyed villages due to land acquisitions.A strong positive correlation(R^(2)=0.98)between land acquisition and food loss underscores the direct impact of urbanization on agricultural output.The research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management practices,including preserving agricultural lands,optimizing groundwater usage,and enhancing community involvement in planning.By addressing these challenges,the study advocates for balanced urban expansion and food security to ensure ecological and economic resilience in the region.展开更多
Wetlands play a critical role in the global environment.The Middle Yangtze River Basin(MYRB),known for its abundant wetland resources,has experienced notable changes resulting from the complex interplay of environment...Wetlands play a critical role in the global environment.The Middle Yangtze River Basin(MYRB),known for its abundant wetland resources,has experienced notable changes resulting from the complex interplay of environmental factors.Therefore,we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of wetland ecological quality in the MYRB from 2001 to 2020.Utilizing the random forest(RF)regression algorithm and patch-generated land-use simulation(PLUS)model,we forecasted variations in wetland habitat quality and their determinants under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway-Representative Concentration Pathway(SSPRCP)framework from 2035 to 2095.The main findings are as follows:(1)The RF algorithm was optimal for land-use and land-cover(LULC)classification in the MYRB from 2001 to 2020,when notable changes were observed in water bodies and buildings.However,the forested area exhibited an increase and decrease of 3.9%and 1.2%under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,respectively,whereas farmland exhibited a diminishing trend.(2)Wetlands were primarily concentrated in the central and eastern MYRB,with counties in the southwest exhibiting superior ecological-environmental quality from 2001 to 2020.Notably,wetland coverage revealed significantly high level,significant changes,frequent but relatively minor changes under the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP 5-8.5 scenarios,respectively.(3)Regions with lower habitat quality were primarily concentrated in urbanized areas characterized by frequent human activities,indicating a clear degradation in habitat quality across different scenarios.In conclusion,we established a foundational framework for future investigations into the eco-hydrological processes and ecosystem quality of watersheds.展开更多
Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmen...Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmental gradients.Particularly,the relative importance(RIV)of different plant life forms in a community and how they vary with environmental variables are still unclear.To fill these gaps,we determined plant diversity of ephemeral plants,annual herbs,perennial herbs,and woody plants from 187 sites across drylands in China.The SR patterns of herbaceous plants,especially perennial herbs,and their RIV in plant communities increased with increasing precipitation and soil nutrient content;however,the RIV of annual herbs was not altered along these gradients.The SR and RIV of ephemeral plants were affected mainly by precipitation seasonality.The SR of woody plants had a unimodal relationship with air temperature and exhibited the highest RIV and SR percentage in plant communities under the harshest environments.An obvious shift emerged in plant community composition,SR and their critical impact factors at 238.5 mm of mean annual precipitation(MAP).In mesic regions(>238.5 mm),herbs were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively slow decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by MAP and soil nutrients.In arid regions(<238.5 mm),woody plants were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively fast decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by climate variables,especially precipitation.Our findings highlight the importance of comparative life form studies in community structure and biodiversity,as their responses to gradients differed substantially on a large scale.展开更多
The roles of diurnal temperature in providing heat accumulation and chilling requirements for vegetation spring phenology differ.Although previous studies have established a stronger correlation between leaf onset and...The roles of diurnal temperature in providing heat accumulation and chilling requirements for vegetation spring phenology differ.Although previous studies have established a stronger correlation between leaf onset and diurnal temperature than between leaf onset and average temperature,current research on modeling spring phenology based on diurnal temperature indicators remains limited.In this study,we confirmed the start of the growing season(SOS)sensitivity to diurnal temperature and average temperature in boreal forest.The estimation of SOS was carried out by employing K-Nearest Neighbor Regression(KNR-TDN)model,Random Forest Regres-sion(RFR-TDN)model,eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGB-TDN)model and Light Gradient Boosting Machine model(LightGBM-TDN)driven by diurnal temperature indicators during 1982-2015,and the SOS was projected from 2015 to 2100 based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)climate scenario datasets.The sensitivity of boreal forest SOS to daytime temperature is greater than that to average temperature and nighttime temperature.The LightGBM-TDN model perform best across all vegetation types,exhibiting the lowest RMSE and bias compared to the KNR-TDN model,RFR-TDN model and XGB-TDN model.By incorporating diurn-al temperature indicators instead of relying only on average temperature indicators to simulate spring phenology,an improvement in the accuracy of the model is achieved.Furthermore,the preseason accumulated daytime temperature,daytime temperature and snow cover end date emerged as significant drivers of the SOS simulation in the study area.The simulation results based on LightGBM-TDN model exhibit a trend of advancing SOS followed by stabilization under future climate scenarios.This study underscores the potential of diurn-al temperature indicators as a viable alternative to average temperature indicators in driving spring phenology models,offering a prom-ising new method for simulating spring phenology.展开更多
The Darjeeling Himalayan region,characterized by its complex topography and vulnerability to multiple environmental hazards,faces significant challenges including landslides,earthquakes,flash floods,and soil loss that...The Darjeeling Himalayan region,characterized by its complex topography and vulnerability to multiple environmental hazards,faces significant challenges including landslides,earthquakes,flash floods,and soil loss that critically threaten ecosystem stability.Among these challenges,soil erosion emerges as a silent disaster-a gradual yet relentless process whose impacts accumulate over time,progressively degrading landscape integrity and disrupting ecological sustainability.Unlike catastrophic events with immediate visibility,soil erosion’s most devastating consequences often manifest decades later through diminished agricultural productivity,habitat fragmentation,and irreversible biodiversity loss.This study developed a scalable predictive framework employing Random Forest(RF)and Gradient Boosting Tree(GBT)machine learning models to assess and map soil erosion susceptibility across the region.A comprehensive geo-database was developed incorporating 11 erosion triggering factors:slope,elevation,rainfall,drainage density,topographic wetness index,normalized difference vegetation index,curvature,soil texture,land use,geology,and aspect.A total of 2,483 historical soil erosion locations were identified and randomly divided into two sets:70%for model building and 30%for validation purposes.The models revealed distinct spatial patterns of erosion risks,with GBT classifying 60.50%of the area as very low susceptibility,while RF identified 28.92%in this category.Notable differences emerged in high-risk zone identification,with GBT highlighting 7.42%and RF indicating 2.21%as very high erosion susceptibility areas.Both models demonstrated robust predictive capabilities,with GBT achieving 80.77%accuracy and 0.975 AUC,slightly outperforming RF’s 79.67%accuracy and 0.972 AUC.Analysis of predictor variables identified elevation,slope,rainfall and NDVI as the primary factors influencing erosion susceptibility,highlighting the complex interrelationship between geo-environmental factors and erosion processes.This research offers a strategic framework for targeted conservation and sustainable land management in the fragile Himalayan region,providing valuable insights to help policymakers implement effective soil erosion mitigation strategies and support long-term environmental sustainability.展开更多
This research conducted a systematic study on the processes of migration of energy-related pollutants caused by nanoparticles in marine sediments,as well as their impacts on the durability of offshore infrastructure.W...This research conducted a systematic study on the processes of migration of energy-related pollutants caused by nanoparticles in marine sediments,as well as their impacts on the durability of offshore infrastructure.While focused on representative nanoparticles(nano-TiO₂,nano-Fe₃O₄,and carbon nanotubes)and select energy pollutants,experimental data showed these materials greatly enhanced the movement of pollutants,increasing migration distances from 1.6 to 2.9 times.The carbon nanotubes possessed the greatest carrying effect,increasing the phenanthrene migration distance by 286 percent.The study determined surface properties of nanoparticles,pH of the liquid environment,ionic concentration,and organic matter level as major elements impacting pollutant mobility.Laboratory simulations,while controlled and reproducible,necessarily simplified the complex dynamics of real marine environments.Nanoparticle-sorbate systems were found to be effective in enhancing the deterioration rate of materials used in offshore constructions,with CNTPAHs composites causing carbon steel to corrode by 183% more than if PAHs were used without the composites.This change in corrosion behaviour was shown in other tests to be caused by a change in dynamics of the corrosion products'structural constituents and the various electrochemical properties present on the surface of the material.Samples of concrete showed a spend of 90 days in the composite system resulted in a 26.8% decrease in compressive strength compared to control conditions which had only a 15.3%.Therefore,taking into account the results,strategies were formulated to ensure durability for offshore infrastructure including surface modified anticorrosion coatings,surveillance and alert systems,and integrated protective systems.Future field validation studies are needed to verify these laboratory findings under actual marine conditions.This study helps to comprehend the behaviour of nanoparticles in intricate marine ecosystems,providing support for the sustainable advancement of offshore infrastructure and the protection of the marine environment.展开更多
Flooding remains one of the most destructive natural disasters,posing significant risks to both human lives and infrastructure.In India,where a large area is susceptible to flood hazards,the importance of accurate flo...Flooding remains one of the most destructive natural disasters,posing significant risks to both human lives and infrastructure.In India,where a large area is susceptible to flood hazards,the importance of accurate flood frequency analysis(FFA)and flood susceptibility mapping cannot be overstated.This study focuses on the Haora River basin in Tripura,a region prone to frequent flooding due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors.This study evaluates the suitability of the Log-Pearson Type Ⅲ(LP-Ⅲ)and Gumbel Extreme Value-1(EV-1)distributions for estimating peak discharges and delineates floodsusceptible zones in the Haora River basin,Tripura.Using 40 years of peak discharge data(1984-2023),the LP-Ⅲ distribution was identified as the most appropriate model based on goodness-of-fit tests.Flood susceptibility mapping,integrating 16 thematic layers through the Analytical Hierarchy Process,identified 8%,64%,and 26%of the area as high,moderate,and low susceptibility zones,respectively,with a model success rate of 0.81.The findings highlight the need for improved flood management strategies,such as enhancing river capacity and constructing flood spill channels.These insights are critical for designing targeted flood mitigation measures in the Haora basin and other flood-prone regions.展开更多
Natural resource management is essential to sustain human well-being and the environment.Water and soil are two of the most important natural resources that require careful management.The western part of India faces m...Natural resource management is essential to sustain human well-being and the environment.Water and soil are two of the most important natural resources that require careful management.The western part of India faces multiple challenges,including climatic variability,soil degradation,water scarcity,deforestation,etc.The basin’s sub-watersheds are delineated and prioritised using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)and Sub Watershed Prioritization Tool(SWPT),respectively,using morphometric and topo-hydrological characteristics,and the sub-watersheds are further ranked using Weighted Sum Analysis(WSA).The findings indicate that SWS19,SWS18,SWS1,SWS17,SWS16,and SWS15,which are drained by the rivers Chambal,Kali Sindh,Mashi,Parbati,Parwan,and Beradi,are highly vulnerable sub-watersheds.By integrating remote sensing,GIS techniques,and quantitative morphometric analysis,parameters such as drainage density,stream frequency,bifurcation ratio,and slope gradient were evaluated.The analysis revealed critical sub-watersheds characterized by steep slopes,high drainage density,and poor vegetation cover,indicating their susceptibility to erosion and runoff.The findings underscore the necessity for targeted soil conservation measures,such as contour bunding,afforestation,and water retention structures.This study highlights the utility of geospatial tools for sustainable watershed management and provides a replicable framework for prioritizing sub-watersheds in similar regions.展开更多
Harrat Lunayyir,a volcanic field in western Saudi Arabia,exhibits diverse geomorphological and topographical features shaped by volcanic,tectonic,and climatic processes.This study integrates field observations,remote ...Harrat Lunayyir,a volcanic field in western Saudi Arabia,exhibits diverse geomorphological and topographical features shaped by volcanic,tectonic,and climatic processes.This study integrates field observations,remote sensing,and GIS analysis to investigate the spatial distribution and relationships between volcanic landforms,lava flows,and topographical variation result obtained is a morphological classification of the cinder cones of Harrat Lunayyir,which can be sub-divided into four types:tephra rings,horseshoe-shaped volcanoes,multiple volcanoes and volcanoes without craters.All of these are monogenetic volcanoes,unlike central volcanoes(stratovolcanoes)which live for tens or hundreds of thousands of years and erupt numerous times.In Harrat Lunayyir,there is a clear dominance of arched horseshoe-shaped volcanoes(58)over ring-shaped cinder cones(10),A1_symmetric cones(circular,uniform cinder cones with a single crater)(32),A2_asymmetric cones(elongated,irregular cones and may feature one or more craters)(8),volcanoes without craters(55)and multiple volcanoes(20).The classification presented in this paper makes it possible to include all morphological types of volcanoes found in the region.This fact also renders the present classification a useful tool to apply in other,both insular and continental volcanic areas to eventually analyze and systematize the study of eruptive edifices with similar traits.Hence,this research will explore the standard physical volcanology literature so as to follow accepted definitions.展开更多
Seyitgazi and Han districts,located in the south of Eskişehir in Central Anatolia,in western Türkiye,host interesting landforms,such as steep slopes,mesas and butte structures,fault-guided slopes,valleys,fairy ch...Seyitgazi and Han districts,located in the south of Eskişehir in Central Anatolia,in western Türkiye,host interesting landforms,such as steep slopes,mesas and butte structures,fault-guided slopes,valleys,fairy chimneys,castle koppies,pillars,weathered rock blocks,perched rocks,cavernous weathering features,grooves,and gnammas,formed on tuffs in semi-arid to semi-humid climatic conditions,as well as geoarchaeological remains belonging to various civilisations,primarily the Phrygians(including rock-cut tombs and settlements,fortresses,rock churches,façades,altars,and niches).This study aims at identifying these remarkable landforms that host cultural heritage and revealing the geoheritage value and geotourism potential of the region.The data obtained from the fieldwork were evaluated using the methodology proposed by Pereira and Pereira in 2010,and 26 geomorphosites were selected from 61 potential sites using this method.The analysis results revealed that although the region hosts numerous geomorphosites with high scientific,cultural,aesthetic,and ecological value,the overall levels of protection and touristic use of these landforms are generally low.Indeed,the area,which has the potential to be an important tourism region in the future,faces problems such as infrastructure deficiencies,transportation difficulties,lack of promotion,weaknesses in accommodation services,and destruction of geoheritage.These results highlight the importance of implementing sustainable geotourism strategies that are compatible with the region’s unique geoheritage.In this respect,this study is among the first to comprehensively inventory and assess the geomorphosites of Mountainous Phrygia,contributing to regional geoconservation and sustainable tourism development.展开更多
Sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a comprehensive approach of conservation,education,and sustainable development in UNESCO Global Geoparks,which comprise a single,cohesive ...Sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a comprehensive approach of conservation,education,and sustainable development in UNESCO Global Geoparks,which comprise a single,cohesive geographic area.A growing number of people are adopting the bottom-up strategy,which involves local communities and combines sustainable development with conservation.The viability of creating a UNESCO-recognized geopark in Kutch is assessed in this study.This study examines the key geoheritage features of the Kutch region,explores the socio-economic prospects of a geopark through geotourism and community development,and evaluates its conformity with UNESCO’s Global Geopark criteria on conservation,education,and sustainability.The study also evaluates the overall feasibility of the project,its economic,social,and environmental implications,and the adequacy of the requisite infrastructure..Its geological,cultural,and historical significance,as well as socioeconomic and environmental factors,are the parameters considered for investigation.Despite multiple applications to UNESCO,the Gujarat region of Kutch,which is rich in geological,cultural,and historical elements,is not recognised as a World Heritage Site.In actuality,there are 195 geoparks in 48 nations worldwide as of 2023,however India does not have one.The findings of the study provide critical insights that can direct initiatives to establish India’s first geopark and promote regional sustainability.展开更多
This study examines the effects of rapid land use changes in India,with a specific focus on Sonipat District in Haryana—a region undergoing significant urban expansion.Over the past two decades,rural landscapes in So...This study examines the effects of rapid land use changes in India,with a specific focus on Sonipat District in Haryana—a region undergoing significant urban expansion.Over the past two decades,rural landscapes in Sonipat have undergone notable transformation,as open spaces and agricultural lands are increasingly converted into residential colonies,commercial hubs,and industrial zones.While such changes reflect economic development and urban growth,they also raise critical concerns about sustainability,especially in terms of food security,groundwater depletion,and environmental degradation.The study examines land use changes between 2000 and 2024 using remote sensing techniques and spatial analysis.It further incorporates secondary data and insights from community-level interactions to assess the socio-economic and ecological impacts of this transformation.The findings indicate rising land fragmentation,loss of agricultural livelihoods,pressure on civic infrastructure,and increasing pollution—factors that threaten long-term regional sustainability.The study underscores the urgent need to reconcile urban development with environmental and social sustainability.By offering a detailed case study of Sonipat,this research contributes to the broader discourse on India’s urbanisation pathways.It aims to provide policymakers,planners,and researchers with evidence-based recommendations to manage land transitions more responsibly,promoting urban growth models that ensure ecological integrity,equitable development,and long-term resilience.展开更多
This study focuses on the assessment of ecosystem health(EH),ecosystem services(ES),and ecosystem risk(ER)in East Kolkata Wetland(EKW).A comprehensive framework on the EH,ES and ER has been developed using remote sesn...This study focuses on the assessment of ecosystem health(EH),ecosystem services(ES),and ecosystem risk(ER)in East Kolkata Wetland(EKW).A comprehensive framework on the EH,ES and ER has been developed using remote sesning and geo-spatial techniques for the year 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020.The study also assessed ecosystem structure and fragmentation using landscape metrics calculated using fragstats,which showed a significant influence of land use and land cover(LULC)changes on the wetland’s ecological integrity.The study revealed that 6.86% of EKW fallen under a very low EH zone,while 20% was categorized as having very high EH.Spatio-temporal analysis of ES indicated that 30%of the area had very low ES value,with only 8% exhibiting very high ES.ER assessment revealed that 7%of the study area was highly ER,while 12%identified within a high ER zone,reflecting frequent LULC changes.The correlation analysis highlighted strong negative relationships between landscape deviation degree(LDD)and EH(−0.971),and between normalized difference water index(NDWI)and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)(−0.991).Additionally,landscape metrics such as the number of patches(NP)and the largest patch index(LPI)exhibited significant correlations,emphasizing the impact of fragmentation on EH and resilience.This comprehensive assessment underscores the importance of integrated approaches to monitor and manage wetland ecosystems,particularly in urban areas facing significant environmental stressors.The findings are crucial for informed decision-making and sustainable management of the wetland ecosystems,particularly in the cities of the global south.展开更多
This research aims to analyse the spatio-temporal changes of vegetation cover in coastal regions of Char Fasson and Galachipa Upazila, Bangladesh for a period of 30 years (1994-2024) based on Landsat satellite imagery...This research aims to analyse the spatio-temporal changes of vegetation cover in coastal regions of Char Fasson and Galachipa Upazila, Bangladesh for a period of 30 years (1994-2024) based on Landsat satellite imagery and NDVI. Through the evaluation of NDVI this paper classifies vegetation as no water/bare vegetation, slightly densed vegetation, moderately densed vegetation, and highly densed vegetation. The findings reveal significant fluctuations in vegetation cover: from 1994 to 2004, there has been an increase in vegetation density implying that afforestation has created more moderate and highly densed vegetation out of density vegetation. However, between 2004 and 2014, vegetation cover decreased because some cyclones, like Sidr and Aila, affected the coastal forest of Bangladesh. Other attempts to afforestation supported improved coverage from vegetation between 2014 and 2024. These findings provide clear evidence of the sustainable benefits of coastal afforestation in the reduction of coastal erosion and storm surges that affect vegetation and coasts. Knowledge gained in this research is highly useful to the environmental planners on recommendations for sustainable land uses and preservation to build up ecological stability in Bangladesh weak coastal areas.展开更多
1.Introduction Planning and managing land resources requires the use of land use and land cover(LULC)maps,which provide vital information on the interactions between humans and the environment(Esfandeh et al.,2022;Pra...1.Introduction Planning and managing land resources requires the use of land use and land cover(LULC)maps,which provide vital information on the interactions between humans and the environment(Esfandeh et al.,2022;Pratic`o et al.,2021;Yao et al.,2022).The precision of LULC monitoring has increased due to developments in Earth observation and remote sensing,allowing for well-informed environmental management decision-making(Qian and Zhang,2022;Viana et al.,2019).展开更多
基金The National University of Mongolia,No.P2024-4814The Mongolian Science and Technology Foundation,No.CHN-2022/274The‘Chey Institute for Advanced Studies’International Scholar Exchange Fellowship for the Academic Year of 2025-2026。
文摘This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.
文摘Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities,such as poor land cover management.One of the most crucial elements of a successful land resource management plan is the evaluation of Land Use Land Cover(LULC).Over the past 20 years,our planet’s land cover resources have undergone substantial changes due to rapid development.The Land Use Land Cover(LULC)categories of the Patna Urban Agglomeration(PUA),including water bodies,agricultural land,barren land,built-up areas,and vegetation,were identified using Geographic Information System(GIS)techniques.Three multi-temporal images were analyzed and classified through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood method.By comparing three separately created LULC categorized maps from 1990 and 2024,temporal changes were analyzed.In order to update land cover or manage natural resources,it is vital to use change detection as a tool to identify changes in LULC over time in PUA,Patna between 1990,2010 and 2024.According to their respective Kappa coefficients,the accuracy rates for 1990,2010 and 2024 LULC are 91.66 and 94.93,respectively.An accuracy evaluation was conducted to determine the correctness of the classification system and to determine the efficacy of the LULC classification maps.One hundred reference test pixels were identified.There have been found significant changes in the LULC were built up area has increased doubled in last thirty-four years of timeline.
基金Under the auspices of Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2024JC-YBMS-196)。
文摘Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students.However,understanding of the current supply of campus green space(CGS)and its drivers at different education stages is still limited.A new framework was established to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors across all education stages(kindergarten,primary school,middle school,college)in 1100 schools at the urban scale of Xi’an,China.The research results show that:1)CGS is lower in the Baqiao district and higher in the Yanta and Xincheng districts of Xi’an City.‘Green wealthy schools are mainly concentrated in the Weiyang,Chang’an and Yanta districts.2)CGS of these schools in descending order is college(31.40%)>kindergarten(18.32%)>middle school(13.56%)>primary school(10.70%).3)Colleges have the most recreation sites(n(number)=2),the best education levels(11.93 yr),and the lowest housing prices(1.18×10^(4) yuan(RMB)/m^(2));middle schools have the highest public expenditures(3.97×10^(9) yuan/yr);primary schools have the highest CGS accessibility(travel time gap(TTG)=31.33).4)Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model and Spearman’s test prove that recreation sites have a significant positive impact on college green spaces(0.28–0.35),and education level has a significant positive impact on kindergarten green spaces(0.16–0.24).This research framework provides important insights for the assessment of school greening initiatives aimed at fostering healthier learning environments for future generations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42161006Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects No.202201AT070094,No.202301BF070001-004+1 种基金Special Project for High-level Talents of Yunnan Province for Young Top Talents,No.C6213001159European Research Council(ERC)Starting-Grant STORIES,No.101040939。
文摘Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.
文摘Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security.This study investigates the interplay between these land use changes and their environmental implications at macro(district)and micro(village)levels,focusing on agricultural productivity and resource sustainability.The study employs a mixed-method approach,integrating secondary data from official datasets and primary data gathered through structured household surveys,focus group discussions,and visual analysis techniques.Data from 20 villages,selected based on predominant land use characteristics,were analysed using statistical and geospatial tools,including ArcGIS and STATA,to quantify food grain losses and evaluate environmental degradation.Findings of this study reveal a 19%reduction in agricultural land over two decades(2000-2024),correlating with increased residential and industrial areas.Groundwater resources face severe overexploitation,with pollution from industrial clusters further degrading water and soil quality.The study estimates a total food grain loss of 1.5 million kilograms across surveyed villages due to land acquisitions.A strong positive correlation(R^(2)=0.98)between land acquisition and food loss underscores the direct impact of urbanization on agricultural output.The research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management practices,including preserving agricultural lands,optimizing groundwater usage,and enhancing community involvement in planning.By addressing these challenges,the study advocates for balanced urban expansion and food security to ensure ecological and economic resilience in the region.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42207078CUG Scholar-Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),No.2022166+1 种基金China Scholarship Council,No.202306410026Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,No.IWHR-SKL-KF202217。
文摘Wetlands play a critical role in the global environment.The Middle Yangtze River Basin(MYRB),known for its abundant wetland resources,has experienced notable changes resulting from the complex interplay of environmental factors.Therefore,we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of wetland ecological quality in the MYRB from 2001 to 2020.Utilizing the random forest(RF)regression algorithm and patch-generated land-use simulation(PLUS)model,we forecasted variations in wetland habitat quality and their determinants under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway-Representative Concentration Pathway(SSPRCP)framework from 2035 to 2095.The main findings are as follows:(1)The RF algorithm was optimal for land-use and land-cover(LULC)classification in the MYRB from 2001 to 2020,when notable changes were observed in water bodies and buildings.However,the forested area exhibited an increase and decrease of 3.9%and 1.2%under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,respectively,whereas farmland exhibited a diminishing trend.(2)Wetlands were primarily concentrated in the central and eastern MYRB,with counties in the southwest exhibiting superior ecological-environmental quality from 2001 to 2020.Notably,wetland coverage revealed significantly high level,significant changes,frequent but relatively minor changes under the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP 5-8.5 scenarios,respectively.(3)Regions with lower habitat quality were primarily concentrated in urbanized areas characterized by frequent human activities,indicating a clear degradation in habitat quality across different scenarios.In conclusion,we established a foundational framework for future investigations into the eco-hydrological processes and ecosystem quality of watersheds.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805602)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225032,32001192,32271597)+1 种基金the Innovation Base Project of Gansu Province(2021YFF0703904)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(24JRRA515,22JR5RA525,23JRRA1157).
文摘Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmental gradients.Particularly,the relative importance(RIV)of different plant life forms in a community and how they vary with environmental variables are still unclear.To fill these gaps,we determined plant diversity of ephemeral plants,annual herbs,perennial herbs,and woody plants from 187 sites across drylands in China.The SR patterns of herbaceous plants,especially perennial herbs,and their RIV in plant communities increased with increasing precipitation and soil nutrient content;however,the RIV of annual herbs was not altered along these gradients.The SR and RIV of ephemeral plants were affected mainly by precipitation seasonality.The SR of woody plants had a unimodal relationship with air temperature and exhibited the highest RIV and SR percentage in plant communities under the harshest environments.An obvious shift emerged in plant community composition,SR and their critical impact factors at 238.5 mm of mean annual precipitation(MAP).In mesic regions(>238.5 mm),herbs were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively slow decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by MAP and soil nutrients.In arid regions(<238.5 mm),woody plants were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively fast decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by climate variables,especially precipitation.Our findings highlight the importance of comparative life form studies in community structure and biodiversity,as their responses to gradients differed substantially on a large scale.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42201374,42071359)。
文摘The roles of diurnal temperature in providing heat accumulation and chilling requirements for vegetation spring phenology differ.Although previous studies have established a stronger correlation between leaf onset and diurnal temperature than between leaf onset and average temperature,current research on modeling spring phenology based on diurnal temperature indicators remains limited.In this study,we confirmed the start of the growing season(SOS)sensitivity to diurnal temperature and average temperature in boreal forest.The estimation of SOS was carried out by employing K-Nearest Neighbor Regression(KNR-TDN)model,Random Forest Regres-sion(RFR-TDN)model,eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGB-TDN)model and Light Gradient Boosting Machine model(LightGBM-TDN)driven by diurnal temperature indicators during 1982-2015,and the SOS was projected from 2015 to 2100 based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)climate scenario datasets.The sensitivity of boreal forest SOS to daytime temperature is greater than that to average temperature and nighttime temperature.The LightGBM-TDN model perform best across all vegetation types,exhibiting the lowest RMSE and bias compared to the KNR-TDN model,RFR-TDN model and XGB-TDN model.By incorporating diurn-al temperature indicators instead of relying only on average temperature indicators to simulate spring phenology,an improvement in the accuracy of the model is achieved.Furthermore,the preseason accumulated daytime temperature,daytime temperature and snow cover end date emerged as significant drivers of the SOS simulation in the study area.The simulation results based on LightGBM-TDN model exhibit a trend of advancing SOS followed by stabilization under future climate scenarios.This study underscores the potential of diurn-al temperature indicators as a viable alternative to average temperature indicators in driving spring phenology models,offering a prom-ising new method for simulating spring phenology.
文摘The Darjeeling Himalayan region,characterized by its complex topography and vulnerability to multiple environmental hazards,faces significant challenges including landslides,earthquakes,flash floods,and soil loss that critically threaten ecosystem stability.Among these challenges,soil erosion emerges as a silent disaster-a gradual yet relentless process whose impacts accumulate over time,progressively degrading landscape integrity and disrupting ecological sustainability.Unlike catastrophic events with immediate visibility,soil erosion’s most devastating consequences often manifest decades later through diminished agricultural productivity,habitat fragmentation,and irreversible biodiversity loss.This study developed a scalable predictive framework employing Random Forest(RF)and Gradient Boosting Tree(GBT)machine learning models to assess and map soil erosion susceptibility across the region.A comprehensive geo-database was developed incorporating 11 erosion triggering factors:slope,elevation,rainfall,drainage density,topographic wetness index,normalized difference vegetation index,curvature,soil texture,land use,geology,and aspect.A total of 2,483 historical soil erosion locations were identified and randomly divided into two sets:70%for model building and 30%for validation purposes.The models revealed distinct spatial patterns of erosion risks,with GBT classifying 60.50%of the area as very low susceptibility,while RF identified 28.92%in this category.Notable differences emerged in high-risk zone identification,with GBT highlighting 7.42%and RF indicating 2.21%as very high erosion susceptibility areas.Both models demonstrated robust predictive capabilities,with GBT achieving 80.77%accuracy and 0.975 AUC,slightly outperforming RF’s 79.67%accuracy and 0.972 AUC.Analysis of predictor variables identified elevation,slope,rainfall and NDVI as the primary factors influencing erosion susceptibility,highlighting the complex interrelationship between geo-environmental factors and erosion processes.This research offers a strategic framework for targeted conservation and sustainable land management in the fragile Himalayan region,providing valuable insights to help policymakers implement effective soil erosion mitigation strategies and support long-term environmental sustainability.
文摘This research conducted a systematic study on the processes of migration of energy-related pollutants caused by nanoparticles in marine sediments,as well as their impacts on the durability of offshore infrastructure.While focused on representative nanoparticles(nano-TiO₂,nano-Fe₃O₄,and carbon nanotubes)and select energy pollutants,experimental data showed these materials greatly enhanced the movement of pollutants,increasing migration distances from 1.6 to 2.9 times.The carbon nanotubes possessed the greatest carrying effect,increasing the phenanthrene migration distance by 286 percent.The study determined surface properties of nanoparticles,pH of the liquid environment,ionic concentration,and organic matter level as major elements impacting pollutant mobility.Laboratory simulations,while controlled and reproducible,necessarily simplified the complex dynamics of real marine environments.Nanoparticle-sorbate systems were found to be effective in enhancing the deterioration rate of materials used in offshore constructions,with CNTPAHs composites causing carbon steel to corrode by 183% more than if PAHs were used without the composites.This change in corrosion behaviour was shown in other tests to be caused by a change in dynamics of the corrosion products'structural constituents and the various electrochemical properties present on the surface of the material.Samples of concrete showed a spend of 90 days in the composite system resulted in a 26.8% decrease in compressive strength compared to control conditions which had only a 15.3%.Therefore,taking into account the results,strategies were formulated to ensure durability for offshore infrastructure including surface modified anticorrosion coatings,surveillance and alert systems,and integrated protective systems.Future field validation studies are needed to verify these laboratory findings under actual marine conditions.This study helps to comprehend the behaviour of nanoparticles in intricate marine ecosystems,providing support for the sustainable advancement of offshore infrastructure and the protection of the marine environment.
文摘Flooding remains one of the most destructive natural disasters,posing significant risks to both human lives and infrastructure.In India,where a large area is susceptible to flood hazards,the importance of accurate flood frequency analysis(FFA)and flood susceptibility mapping cannot be overstated.This study focuses on the Haora River basin in Tripura,a region prone to frequent flooding due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors.This study evaluates the suitability of the Log-Pearson Type Ⅲ(LP-Ⅲ)and Gumbel Extreme Value-1(EV-1)distributions for estimating peak discharges and delineates floodsusceptible zones in the Haora River basin,Tripura.Using 40 years of peak discharge data(1984-2023),the LP-Ⅲ distribution was identified as the most appropriate model based on goodness-of-fit tests.Flood susceptibility mapping,integrating 16 thematic layers through the Analytical Hierarchy Process,identified 8%,64%,and 26%of the area as high,moderate,and low susceptibility zones,respectively,with a model success rate of 0.81.The findings highlight the need for improved flood management strategies,such as enhancing river capacity and constructing flood spill channels.These insights are critical for designing targeted flood mitigation measures in the Haora basin and other flood-prone regions.
文摘Natural resource management is essential to sustain human well-being and the environment.Water and soil are two of the most important natural resources that require careful management.The western part of India faces multiple challenges,including climatic variability,soil degradation,water scarcity,deforestation,etc.The basin’s sub-watersheds are delineated and prioritised using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)and Sub Watershed Prioritization Tool(SWPT),respectively,using morphometric and topo-hydrological characteristics,and the sub-watersheds are further ranked using Weighted Sum Analysis(WSA).The findings indicate that SWS19,SWS18,SWS1,SWS17,SWS16,and SWS15,which are drained by the rivers Chambal,Kali Sindh,Mashi,Parbati,Parwan,and Beradi,are highly vulnerable sub-watersheds.By integrating remote sensing,GIS techniques,and quantitative morphometric analysis,parameters such as drainage density,stream frequency,bifurcation ratio,and slope gradient were evaluated.The analysis revealed critical sub-watersheds characterized by steep slopes,high drainage density,and poor vegetation cover,indicating their susceptibility to erosion and runoff.The findings underscore the necessity for targeted soil conservation measures,such as contour bunding,afforestation,and water retention structures.This study highlights the utility of geospatial tools for sustainable watershed management and provides a replicable framework for prioritizing sub-watersheds in similar regions.
文摘Harrat Lunayyir,a volcanic field in western Saudi Arabia,exhibits diverse geomorphological and topographical features shaped by volcanic,tectonic,and climatic processes.This study integrates field observations,remote sensing,and GIS analysis to investigate the spatial distribution and relationships between volcanic landforms,lava flows,and topographical variation result obtained is a morphological classification of the cinder cones of Harrat Lunayyir,which can be sub-divided into four types:tephra rings,horseshoe-shaped volcanoes,multiple volcanoes and volcanoes without craters.All of these are monogenetic volcanoes,unlike central volcanoes(stratovolcanoes)which live for tens or hundreds of thousands of years and erupt numerous times.In Harrat Lunayyir,there is a clear dominance of arched horseshoe-shaped volcanoes(58)over ring-shaped cinder cones(10),A1_symmetric cones(circular,uniform cinder cones with a single crater)(32),A2_asymmetric cones(elongated,irregular cones and may feature one or more craters)(8),volcanoes without craters(55)and multiple volcanoes(20).The classification presented in this paper makes it possible to include all morphological types of volcanoes found in the region.This fact also renders the present classification a useful tool to apply in other,both insular and continental volcanic areas to eventually analyze and systematize the study of eruptive edifices with similar traits.Hence,this research will explore the standard physical volcanology literature so as to follow accepted definitions.
文摘Seyitgazi and Han districts,located in the south of Eskişehir in Central Anatolia,in western Türkiye,host interesting landforms,such as steep slopes,mesas and butte structures,fault-guided slopes,valleys,fairy chimneys,castle koppies,pillars,weathered rock blocks,perched rocks,cavernous weathering features,grooves,and gnammas,formed on tuffs in semi-arid to semi-humid climatic conditions,as well as geoarchaeological remains belonging to various civilisations,primarily the Phrygians(including rock-cut tombs and settlements,fortresses,rock churches,façades,altars,and niches).This study aims at identifying these remarkable landforms that host cultural heritage and revealing the geoheritage value and geotourism potential of the region.The data obtained from the fieldwork were evaluated using the methodology proposed by Pereira and Pereira in 2010,and 26 geomorphosites were selected from 61 potential sites using this method.The analysis results revealed that although the region hosts numerous geomorphosites with high scientific,cultural,aesthetic,and ecological value,the overall levels of protection and touristic use of these landforms are generally low.Indeed,the area,which has the potential to be an important tourism region in the future,faces problems such as infrastructure deficiencies,transportation difficulties,lack of promotion,weaknesses in accommodation services,and destruction of geoheritage.These results highlight the importance of implementing sustainable geotourism strategies that are compatible with the region’s unique geoheritage.In this respect,this study is among the first to comprehensively inventory and assess the geomorphosites of Mountainous Phrygia,contributing to regional geoconservation and sustainable tourism development.
文摘Sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a comprehensive approach of conservation,education,and sustainable development in UNESCO Global Geoparks,which comprise a single,cohesive geographic area.A growing number of people are adopting the bottom-up strategy,which involves local communities and combines sustainable development with conservation.The viability of creating a UNESCO-recognized geopark in Kutch is assessed in this study.This study examines the key geoheritage features of the Kutch region,explores the socio-economic prospects of a geopark through geotourism and community development,and evaluates its conformity with UNESCO’s Global Geopark criteria on conservation,education,and sustainability.The study also evaluates the overall feasibility of the project,its economic,social,and environmental implications,and the adequacy of the requisite infrastructure..Its geological,cultural,and historical significance,as well as socioeconomic and environmental factors,are the parameters considered for investigation.Despite multiple applications to UNESCO,the Gujarat region of Kutch,which is rich in geological,cultural,and historical elements,is not recognised as a World Heritage Site.In actuality,there are 195 geoparks in 48 nations worldwide as of 2023,however India does not have one.The findings of the study provide critical insights that can direct initiatives to establish India’s first geopark and promote regional sustainability.
文摘This study examines the effects of rapid land use changes in India,with a specific focus on Sonipat District in Haryana—a region undergoing significant urban expansion.Over the past two decades,rural landscapes in Sonipat have undergone notable transformation,as open spaces and agricultural lands are increasingly converted into residential colonies,commercial hubs,and industrial zones.While such changes reflect economic development and urban growth,they also raise critical concerns about sustainability,especially in terms of food security,groundwater depletion,and environmental degradation.The study examines land use changes between 2000 and 2024 using remote sensing techniques and spatial analysis.It further incorporates secondary data and insights from community-level interactions to assess the socio-economic and ecological impacts of this transformation.The findings indicate rising land fragmentation,loss of agricultural livelihoods,pressure on civic infrastructure,and increasing pollution—factors that threaten long-term regional sustainability.The study underscores the urgent need to reconcile urban development with environmental and social sustainability.By offering a detailed case study of Sonipat,this research contributes to the broader discourse on India’s urbanisation pathways.It aims to provide policymakers,planners,and researchers with evidence-based recommendations to manage land transitions more responsibly,promoting urban growth models that ensure ecological integrity,equitable development,and long-term resilience.
文摘This study focuses on the assessment of ecosystem health(EH),ecosystem services(ES),and ecosystem risk(ER)in East Kolkata Wetland(EKW).A comprehensive framework on the EH,ES and ER has been developed using remote sesning and geo-spatial techniques for the year 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020.The study also assessed ecosystem structure and fragmentation using landscape metrics calculated using fragstats,which showed a significant influence of land use and land cover(LULC)changes on the wetland’s ecological integrity.The study revealed that 6.86% of EKW fallen under a very low EH zone,while 20% was categorized as having very high EH.Spatio-temporal analysis of ES indicated that 30%of the area had very low ES value,with only 8% exhibiting very high ES.ER assessment revealed that 7%of the study area was highly ER,while 12%identified within a high ER zone,reflecting frequent LULC changes.The correlation analysis highlighted strong negative relationships between landscape deviation degree(LDD)and EH(−0.971),and between normalized difference water index(NDWI)and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)(−0.991).Additionally,landscape metrics such as the number of patches(NP)and the largest patch index(LPI)exhibited significant correlations,emphasizing the impact of fragmentation on EH and resilience.This comprehensive assessment underscores the importance of integrated approaches to monitor and manage wetland ecosystems,particularly in urban areas facing significant environmental stressors.The findings are crucial for informed decision-making and sustainable management of the wetland ecosystems,particularly in the cities of the global south.
文摘This research aims to analyse the spatio-temporal changes of vegetation cover in coastal regions of Char Fasson and Galachipa Upazila, Bangladesh for a period of 30 years (1994-2024) based on Landsat satellite imagery and NDVI. Through the evaluation of NDVI this paper classifies vegetation as no water/bare vegetation, slightly densed vegetation, moderately densed vegetation, and highly densed vegetation. The findings reveal significant fluctuations in vegetation cover: from 1994 to 2004, there has been an increase in vegetation density implying that afforestation has created more moderate and highly densed vegetation out of density vegetation. However, between 2004 and 2014, vegetation cover decreased because some cyclones, like Sidr and Aila, affected the coastal forest of Bangladesh. Other attempts to afforestation supported improved coverage from vegetation between 2014 and 2024. These findings provide clear evidence of the sustainable benefits of coastal afforestation in the reduction of coastal erosion and storm surges that affect vegetation and coasts. Knowledge gained in this research is highly useful to the environmental planners on recommendations for sustainable land uses and preservation to build up ecological stability in Bangladesh weak coastal areas.
文摘1.Introduction Planning and managing land resources requires the use of land use and land cover(LULC)maps,which provide vital information on the interactions between humans and the environment(Esfandeh et al.,2022;Pratic`o et al.,2021;Yao et al.,2022).The precision of LULC monitoring has increased due to developments in Earth observation and remote sensing,allowing for well-informed environmental management decision-making(Qian and Zhang,2022;Viana et al.,2019).
