The aim of this study was to analyse the most important factors affecting the profitability of suckler cows herds in Slovakia in 2010. The economic models were used to verify whether the suckler cows farming is profit...The aim of this study was to analyse the most important factors affecting the profitability of suckler cows herds in Slovakia in 2010. The economic models were used to verify whether the suckler cows farming is profitable without subsidies in the current production conditions in Slovakia as well as their optimal location in the agricultural natural conditions of Slovakia from the perspective of economic efficiency. The breeding of cattle, mainly for the beef meat production, has long been unprofitable as it is apparent also from the analysis of several studies. In the model without inclusion of subsidies, it was calculated that the suckler cows farming is unprofitable at the current production parameters and realization prices of calves. The losses per cow and year were ranged from -240ε in the model by using a combination of the maximum threshold values of input parameters to -818ε by using a combination of the minimum threshold values of the input parameters. In the models including of subsidies amount of loss and/or profit per cow and year varied depending on the input parameters mainly on natality, average daily gain, the realization price of calves and the level of subsidies provided to breeder as well. The economic results are ranged from -277ε to 724ε per cow and year. From economical as well as production point of view, the most appropriate agricultural natural regions for suckler cows farming in Slovakia are upland and highland regions.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To establish and optimize the propaga- tion of Nianmaohuangqin （Radix Scutellariae Viscid- ulae） and induce and characterize polyploidy of Nianmaohuangqin （Radix Scutellariae Viscidulae）. METHODS： Bud...OBJECTIVE： To establish and optimize the propaga- tion of Nianmaohuangqin （Radix Scutellariae Viscid- ulae） and induce and characterize polyploidy of Nianmaohuangqin （Radix Scutellariae Viscidulae）. METHODS： Buds from germinating seed-derived explants were induced by tissue culture. With an or- thogonal test, different concentrations of 6-benzyl- aminopurine （BAP）, indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and kinetin （KT） were used to determine the optimal concentrations for the propagation of Nianmaohuangqin （Radix Scutellariae Viscidulae）. The differ- ent concentrations of IAA and rooting powder （ABT） were used to induce rooting. A 0.3% w/v col- chicine solution was used to induce polyploidy and the induced buds was identified by root-tip chromosome determination and stomatal apparatus ob- servation. RESULTS： A large number of buds could be in- duced directly from epicotyl and hypocotyl ex- plants on Murashige and Skoog （MS） （Murashige and Skoog 1962） medium supplemented with 1.1-1.3 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L IAA. Root induction and development could be observed within 20 days of inoculation on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IAA and 0.1 mg/L ABTo Furthermore, 27 lines of autotetraploid individuals were ob- tained with a plantlet chromosome number of 2n= 4x=36. CONCLUSION： Autotetraploid lines could be ob- tained through induction with colchicine in vitro, proving that this method might be used for plant selection and breeding.展开更多
Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY, capable of growing significantly on more than ten kinds of aromatic compounds as sole carbon source, was used to study characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) in cell extracts. ...Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY, capable of growing significantly on more than ten kinds of aromatic compounds as sole carbon source, was used to study characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) in cell extracts. Characterization of the crude C12O showed that the maximum activity was obtained at 40–70°C and pH 7.8–8.8. Metal ions had different influences on the activity of crude C12O. It was suggested that strain QYY possessed an inducible and ferric-dependent C12O. Kinetic studies showed that the value of V max and K m was 0.25 μmol catechol/L/mg protein/min and 52.85 μmol/L, respectively. In addition, the partial purification of C12O was achieved by a HiTrap Q Sepharose column chromatography.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to analyse the most important factors affecting the profitability of suckler cows herds in Slovakia in 2010. The economic models were used to verify whether the suckler cows farming is profitable without subsidies in the current production conditions in Slovakia as well as their optimal location in the agricultural natural conditions of Slovakia from the perspective of economic efficiency. The breeding of cattle, mainly for the beef meat production, has long been unprofitable as it is apparent also from the analysis of several studies. In the model without inclusion of subsidies, it was calculated that the suckler cows farming is unprofitable at the current production parameters and realization prices of calves. The losses per cow and year were ranged from -240ε in the model by using a combination of the maximum threshold values of input parameters to -818ε by using a combination of the minimum threshold values of the input parameters. In the models including of subsidies amount of loss and/or profit per cow and year varied depending on the input parameters mainly on natality, average daily gain, the realization price of calves and the level of subsidies provided to breeder as well. The economic results are ranged from -277ε to 724ε per cow and year. From economical as well as production point of view, the most appropriate agricultural natural regions for suckler cows farming in Slovakia are upland and highland regions.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Fund of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (No.2010zr011B)the Natural Science Fund of Education Department of Anhui Province,China (No.KJ2011A191)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To establish and optimize the propaga- tion of Nianmaohuangqin （Radix Scutellariae Viscid- ulae） and induce and characterize polyploidy of Nianmaohuangqin （Radix Scutellariae Viscidulae）. METHODS： Buds from germinating seed-derived explants were induced by tissue culture. With an or- thogonal test, different concentrations of 6-benzyl- aminopurine （BAP）, indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and kinetin （KT） were used to determine the optimal concentrations for the propagation of Nianmaohuangqin （Radix Scutellariae Viscidulae）. The differ- ent concentrations of IAA and rooting powder （ABT） were used to induce rooting. A 0.3% w/v col- chicine solution was used to induce polyploidy and the induced buds was identified by root-tip chromosome determination and stomatal apparatus ob- servation. RESULTS： A large number of buds could be in- duced directly from epicotyl and hypocotyl ex- plants on Murashige and Skoog （MS） （Murashige and Skoog 1962） medium supplemented with 1.1-1.3 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L IAA. Root induction and development could be observed within 20 days of inoculation on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IAA and 0.1 mg/L ABTo Furthermore, 27 lines of autotetraploid individuals were ob- tained with a plantlet chromosome number of 2n= 4x=36. CONCLUSION： Autotetraploid lines could be ob- tained through induction with colchicine in vitro, proving that this method might be used for plant selection and breeding.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50608011)the 39th Postdoctoral Funds of China (Grant No. 20060390983)
文摘Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY, capable of growing significantly on more than ten kinds of aromatic compounds as sole carbon source, was used to study characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) in cell extracts. Characterization of the crude C12O showed that the maximum activity was obtained at 40–70°C and pH 7.8–8.8. Metal ions had different influences on the activity of crude C12O. It was suggested that strain QYY possessed an inducible and ferric-dependent C12O. Kinetic studies showed that the value of V max and K m was 0.25 μmol catechol/L/mg protein/min and 52.85 μmol/L, respectively. In addition, the partial purification of C12O was achieved by a HiTrap Q Sepharose column chromatography.
