Gastric polyps become a major clinical problem because of high prevalence and tendency to malignant transformation of some of them. The development of gastric hyperplastic polyps results from excessive proliferation o...Gastric polyps become a major clinical problem because of high prevalence and tendency to malignant transformation of some of them. The development of gastric hyperplastic polyps results from excessive proliferation of foveolar cells accompanied by their increased exfoliation, and they are macroscopically indistinguishable from other polyps with lower or higher malignant potential. Panendoscopy allows detection and differentiation of gastric polyps, usually after obtaining histopathological biopsy specimens. Unremoved gastric hyperplastic polyps may enlarge and sometimes spontaneously undergo a sequential progression to cancer. For this reason, gastric hyperplastic polyps larger than 5 mm in size should be removed in one piece. After excision of polyps with atypical focal lesion, endoscopic surveillance is suggested depending on histopathological diagnosis and possibility of confirming the completeness of endoscopic resection. Because of the risk of cancer development also in gastric mucosa outside the polyp, neighboring fragments of gastric mucosa should undergo microscopic investigations. This procedure allows for identification of patients who can benefit most from oncological endoscopic surveillance. If Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection of the gastric mucosa is confirmed, treatment strategies should include eradication of bacteria, which may prevent progression of intestinal metaplasia. The efficacy of H. pylori eradication should be checked 3-6 mo later.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) expression, in correlation with histopathological parameters, at the front of invasion in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) and presence of metast...AIM: To evaluate the significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) expression, in correlation with histopathological parameters, at the front of invasion in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) and presence of metastases. METHODS: TGF p immunohistochemical expression was studied in 34 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinomas (pT1). A three-step avidin-biotinylated immuno-peroxidase (ABCu-NCL) staining technique was performed on 4-μm paraffin-embedded tissue sections with a monoclonal antibody to TGF β (Novocastra, NCL-TGFB, clone TGFB 17, dilution 1:40). RESULTS: Seventeen (50%) out of 34 lesions were positive for TGF p expression. The TGF β-positive rate in patients with vascular invasion was significantly higher than in those without vascular invasion (11/14 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.005). The TGF p-positive rate was observed in 91.7% of patients with presence of tumor budding at the front of invasion (11/12 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.0003). A statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of lymph node metastases and positive expression of TGF β (14/16 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.0001). We also observed that the TGF β-positive rates in groups with distant and non-distant metastases were 92.8% and 20% respectively, and a significant correlation between TGF β expression and distant metastasis was shown (P<0.01, P= 0.00003). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of TGF β expression of protein in association with histological parameters can be used as a parameter of the aggressiveness of pT1 CRC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide.Therefore,it is critically important to identify new useful markers that can be easily obtained in routine practice.Inflammation is a crucial ...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide.Therefore,it is critically important to identify new useful markers that can be easily obtained in routine practice.Inflammation is a crucial issue in the pathogenesis and development of cancer.AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of absolute monocyte count,monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(MLR),the combination of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR-PLR),and combined platelet and neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio(PLT-NLR)in peripheral blood samples of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgery.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 160 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery,and 42 healthy controls.The status of absolute monocyte count,MLR,NLR-PLR and PLT-NLR was calculated on the basis of blood samples obtained before and after surgery.Haematologic factors were examined in correlation with the type of tumour growth,tumour size,histological type,percentage of mucinous component,grade of malignancy,Tumour-Node-Metastasis stage,venous,lymphatic and perineural invasion of cancer cells,status of lymph node invasion and the presence of cancer cell deposits.The Kaplan-Meier method and the long-rank test were used to compare survival curves.To determine independent prognostic factors,univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied.RESULTS The PLT-NLR status was correlated with tumour size and the presence of perineural invasion(P=0.015;P=-0.174,P=0.037).Moreover,high NLR-PLR and PLR-NLR ratios in the blood samples obtained after surgery were positively associated with histological type of cancer and percentage of the mucinous component(NLR-PLR:P=0.002;P=0.009;PLR-NLR status:P=0.002;P=0.007).The analysis of 5-year disease-free survival showed that the MLR of whole blood obtained after surgery[HR=2.903,95%CI:(1.368-6.158),P=0.005]and the status of lymph node metastasis[HR=0.813,95%CI:(0.653-1.013),P=0.050]were independent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer patients.CONCLUSION The postoperative MLR in whole blood samples can be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.展开更多
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare histological type of tumor, first described in invasive ductal breast cancer, than in malignancies in other organs such as lungs, urinary bladder, ovaries or salivary...Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare histological type of tumor, first described in invasive ductal breast cancer, than in malignancies in other organs such as lungs, urinary bladder, ovaries or salivary glands. Recent literature data shows that this histological lesion has also been found in cancers of the gastrointestinal system. The micropapillary components are clusters of neoplastic cells that closely adhere to each other and are located in distinct empty spaces. Moreover, clusters of neoplastic cells do not have a fibrous-vascular core. The IMPC cells show reverse polarity resulting in typical ‘’inside-out’’ structures that determines secretary properties, disturbs adhesion and conditions grade of malignancy in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma in this location is associated with metastases to local lymph nodes and lymphovascular invasion. IMPC can be a prognostic factor for patients with cancers of the stomach, pancreas and with colorectal cancer since it is related with disease-free and overall survival. The purpose of this review is to present the characterization of invasive micropapillary carcinoma in colon, rectum, stomach and others site of GI tract, and to determine the immunohistological indentification of IMPC in those localization.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the expression of Bcl-xL, Bak, and Bax proteins in correlation with particular clinico-histopathological parameters, including tumor invasion front, in patients with colorectal cancer.
AIM: To investigate the ultrastructure of abnormal hepatocyte mitochondria, including their cellular and hepatic zonal distribution, in bioptates in pediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide.Tensin 4(TNS4)is an adhesive protein belonging to the tensin family.This protein is located in focal adhesion sites.The TNS4 gene is co...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide.Tensin 4(TNS4)is an adhesive protein belonging to the tensin family.This protein is located in focal adhesion sites.The TNS4 gene is considered an oncogene in numerous cancers.This protein plays an important role in adhesion,migration and proliferation of cells.AIM To evaluate expression of TNS4 protein in GC tissues and analysis of the clinical and histopathological parameters as well as the overall survival rate of patients.METHODS The expression of TNS4 was assessed in 89 patients using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Positive expression of TNS4 was observed in 49 of 89 patients(55.06%).Higher TNS4 expression was more common in GC tumors with a diameter≥5 cm(P=0.040).We demonstrated that an increase in TNS4 expression was more frequent in tumors of the histological type without mucinous components than in tumors from mucosal cancers(P=0.023).Furthermore,TNS4 expression was higher in moderately differentiated tumors than in poorly differentiated and non-differentiated tumors(P=0.002).Increased TNS4 expression was also noted in the intestinal type of GC according to Lauren’s classification(P=0.020).No statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of TNS4 and the overall survival rate of patients.CONCLUSION TNS4 expression was significantly higher in tumors with a diameter≥5 cm of the moderately differentiated intestinal type(according to Lauren’s classification)of GC without a mucinous component.Therefore,increased TNS4 expression is related to the histological type of GC with a better prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite effective prevention and screening methods,the incidence and mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer(CRC)are still high.Insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1),a signaling molecule involved in...BACKGROUND Despite effective prevention and screening methods,the incidence and mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer(CRC)are still high.Insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1),a signaling molecule involved in cell proliferation,survival and metabolic responses has been implicated in carcinogenic processes in various cellular and animal models.However,the role of IRS-1 in CRC biology and its value as a clinical CRC biomarker has not been well defined.AIM To evaluate if and how IRS-1 expression and its associations with the apoptotic and proliferation tumor markers,Bax,Bcl-xL and Ki-67 are related to clinicopathological features in human CRC.METHODS The expression of IRS-1,Bax,Bcl-xL and Ki-67 proteins was assessed in tissue samples obtained from 127 patients with primary CRC using immunohistochemical methods.The assays were performed using specific antibodies against IRS-1,Bax,Bcl-xL,Ki-67.The associations between the expression of IRS-1,Bax,Bcl-xL,Ki-67 were analyzed in relation to clinicopathological parameters,i.e.,patient age,sex,primary localization of tumor,histopathological type,grading,staging and lymph node spread.Correlations between variables were examined by Spearman rank correlation test and Fisher exact test with a level of significance at P<0.05.RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of 127 CRC tissue samples revealed weak cytoplasmatic staining for IRS-1 in 66 CRC sections and strong cytoplasmatic staining in 61 cases.IRS-1 expression at any level in primary CRC was associated with tumor grade(69%in moderately differentiated tumors,G2 vs 31%in poorly differentiated tumors,G3)and with histological type(81.9%in adenocarcinoma vs 18.1%in adenocarcinoma with mucosal component cases).Strong IRS-1 positivity was observed more frequently in adenocarcinoma cases(95.1%)and in moderately differentiated tumors(85.2%).We also found statistically significant correlations between expression of IRS-1 and both Bax and Bcl-xL in all CRC cases examined.The relationships between studied proteins were related to clinicopathological parameters of CRC.No significant correlation between the expression of IRS-1 and proliferation marker Ki-67,excluding early stage tumors,where the correlation was positive and on a high level(P=0.043,r=0.723).CONCLUSION This study suggests that IRS-1 is co-expressed with both pro-and antiapoptotic markers and all these proteins are more prevalent in more differentiated CRC than in poorly differentiated CRC.展开更多
This paper reports a rare case of early adenocarcinoma within the gastric hyperplastic polyp,that was completely resected during an endoscopic procedure,and discusses current recommendations in such cases.Endoscopic r...This paper reports a rare case of early adenocarcinoma within the gastric hyperplastic polyp,that was completely resected during an endoscopic procedure,and discusses current recommendations in such cases.Endoscopic resection of polyps with focal dysplasia or cancer is commonly indicated,as long as the procedure can be performed safely.After complete excision of a polyp with atypical focal lesion,endoscopic surveillance is suggested.The frequency of surveillance endoscopy should depend on the precise histopathological diagnosis and possibility of confirming the completeness of the endoscopic resection.If the completeness of the procedure is confirmed both macro-and microscopically,gastric resection does not have to be performed.A follow-up esophago-gastroduodenoscopy should be performed at 1 year and then at 3 years.展开更多
文摘Gastric polyps become a major clinical problem because of high prevalence and tendency to malignant transformation of some of them. The development of gastric hyperplastic polyps results from excessive proliferation of foveolar cells accompanied by their increased exfoliation, and they are macroscopically indistinguishable from other polyps with lower or higher malignant potential. Panendoscopy allows detection and differentiation of gastric polyps, usually after obtaining histopathological biopsy specimens. Unremoved gastric hyperplastic polyps may enlarge and sometimes spontaneously undergo a sequential progression to cancer. For this reason, gastric hyperplastic polyps larger than 5 mm in size should be removed in one piece. After excision of polyps with atypical focal lesion, endoscopic surveillance is suggested depending on histopathological diagnosis and possibility of confirming the completeness of endoscopic resection. Because of the risk of cancer development also in gastric mucosa outside the polyp, neighboring fragments of gastric mucosa should undergo microscopic investigations. This procedure allows for identification of patients who can benefit most from oncological endoscopic surveillance. If Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection of the gastric mucosa is confirmed, treatment strategies should include eradication of bacteria, which may prevent progression of intestinal metaplasia. The efficacy of H. pylori eradication should be checked 3-6 mo later.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) expression, in correlation with histopathological parameters, at the front of invasion in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) and presence of metastases. METHODS: TGF p immunohistochemical expression was studied in 34 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinomas (pT1). A three-step avidin-biotinylated immuno-peroxidase (ABCu-NCL) staining technique was performed on 4-μm paraffin-embedded tissue sections with a monoclonal antibody to TGF β (Novocastra, NCL-TGFB, clone TGFB 17, dilution 1:40). RESULTS: Seventeen (50%) out of 34 lesions were positive for TGF p expression. The TGF β-positive rate in patients with vascular invasion was significantly higher than in those without vascular invasion (11/14 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.005). The TGF p-positive rate was observed in 91.7% of patients with presence of tumor budding at the front of invasion (11/12 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.0003). A statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of lymph node metastases and positive expression of TGF β (14/16 cases, P<0.01, P= 0.0001). We also observed that the TGF β-positive rates in groups with distant and non-distant metastases were 92.8% and 20% respectively, and a significant correlation between TGF β expression and distant metastasis was shown (P<0.01, P= 0.00003). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of TGF β expression of protein in association with histological parameters can be used as a parameter of the aggressiveness of pT1 CRC.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide.Therefore,it is critically important to identify new useful markers that can be easily obtained in routine practice.Inflammation is a crucial issue in the pathogenesis and development of cancer.AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of absolute monocyte count,monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(MLR),the combination of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR-PLR),and combined platelet and neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio(PLT-NLR)in peripheral blood samples of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgery.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 160 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery,and 42 healthy controls.The status of absolute monocyte count,MLR,NLR-PLR and PLT-NLR was calculated on the basis of blood samples obtained before and after surgery.Haematologic factors were examined in correlation with the type of tumour growth,tumour size,histological type,percentage of mucinous component,grade of malignancy,Tumour-Node-Metastasis stage,venous,lymphatic and perineural invasion of cancer cells,status of lymph node invasion and the presence of cancer cell deposits.The Kaplan-Meier method and the long-rank test were used to compare survival curves.To determine independent prognostic factors,univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied.RESULTS The PLT-NLR status was correlated with tumour size and the presence of perineural invasion(P=0.015;P=-0.174,P=0.037).Moreover,high NLR-PLR and PLR-NLR ratios in the blood samples obtained after surgery were positively associated with histological type of cancer and percentage of the mucinous component(NLR-PLR:P=0.002;P=0.009;PLR-NLR status:P=0.002;P=0.007).The analysis of 5-year disease-free survival showed that the MLR of whole blood obtained after surgery[HR=2.903,95%CI:(1.368-6.158),P=0.005]and the status of lymph node metastasis[HR=0.813,95%CI:(0.653-1.013),P=0.050]were independent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer patients.CONCLUSION The postoperative MLR in whole blood samples can be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.
文摘Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare histological type of tumor, first described in invasive ductal breast cancer, than in malignancies in other organs such as lungs, urinary bladder, ovaries or salivary glands. Recent literature data shows that this histological lesion has also been found in cancers of the gastrointestinal system. The micropapillary components are clusters of neoplastic cells that closely adhere to each other and are located in distinct empty spaces. Moreover, clusters of neoplastic cells do not have a fibrous-vascular core. The IMPC cells show reverse polarity resulting in typical ‘’inside-out’’ structures that determines secretary properties, disturbs adhesion and conditions grade of malignancy in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma in this location is associated with metastases to local lymph nodes and lymphovascular invasion. IMPC can be a prognostic factor for patients with cancers of the stomach, pancreas and with colorectal cancer since it is related with disease-free and overall survival. The purpose of this review is to present the characterization of invasive micropapillary carcinoma in colon, rectum, stomach and others site of GI tract, and to determine the immunohistological indentification of IMPC in those localization.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the expression of Bcl-xL, Bak, and Bax proteins in correlation with particular clinico-histopathological parameters, including tumor invasion front, in patients with colorectal cancer.
文摘AIM: To investigate the ultrastructure of abnormal hepatocyte mitochondria, including their cellular and hepatic zonal distribution, in bioptates in pediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide.Tensin 4(TNS4)is an adhesive protein belonging to the tensin family.This protein is located in focal adhesion sites.The TNS4 gene is considered an oncogene in numerous cancers.This protein plays an important role in adhesion,migration and proliferation of cells.AIM To evaluate expression of TNS4 protein in GC tissues and analysis of the clinical and histopathological parameters as well as the overall survival rate of patients.METHODS The expression of TNS4 was assessed in 89 patients using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Positive expression of TNS4 was observed in 49 of 89 patients(55.06%).Higher TNS4 expression was more common in GC tumors with a diameter≥5 cm(P=0.040).We demonstrated that an increase in TNS4 expression was more frequent in tumors of the histological type without mucinous components than in tumors from mucosal cancers(P=0.023).Furthermore,TNS4 expression was higher in moderately differentiated tumors than in poorly differentiated and non-differentiated tumors(P=0.002).Increased TNS4 expression was also noted in the intestinal type of GC according to Lauren’s classification(P=0.020).No statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of TNS4 and the overall survival rate of patients.CONCLUSION TNS4 expression was significantly higher in tumors with a diameter≥5 cm of the moderately differentiated intestinal type(according to Lauren’s classification)of GC without a mucinous component.Therefore,increased TNS4 expression is related to the histological type of GC with a better prognosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite effective prevention and screening methods,the incidence and mortality rates associated with colorectal cancer(CRC)are still high.Insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1),a signaling molecule involved in cell proliferation,survival and metabolic responses has been implicated in carcinogenic processes in various cellular and animal models.However,the role of IRS-1 in CRC biology and its value as a clinical CRC biomarker has not been well defined.AIM To evaluate if and how IRS-1 expression and its associations with the apoptotic and proliferation tumor markers,Bax,Bcl-xL and Ki-67 are related to clinicopathological features in human CRC.METHODS The expression of IRS-1,Bax,Bcl-xL and Ki-67 proteins was assessed in tissue samples obtained from 127 patients with primary CRC using immunohistochemical methods.The assays were performed using specific antibodies against IRS-1,Bax,Bcl-xL,Ki-67.The associations between the expression of IRS-1,Bax,Bcl-xL,Ki-67 were analyzed in relation to clinicopathological parameters,i.e.,patient age,sex,primary localization of tumor,histopathological type,grading,staging and lymph node spread.Correlations between variables were examined by Spearman rank correlation test and Fisher exact test with a level of significance at P<0.05.RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of 127 CRC tissue samples revealed weak cytoplasmatic staining for IRS-1 in 66 CRC sections and strong cytoplasmatic staining in 61 cases.IRS-1 expression at any level in primary CRC was associated with tumor grade(69%in moderately differentiated tumors,G2 vs 31%in poorly differentiated tumors,G3)and with histological type(81.9%in adenocarcinoma vs 18.1%in adenocarcinoma with mucosal component cases).Strong IRS-1 positivity was observed more frequently in adenocarcinoma cases(95.1%)and in moderately differentiated tumors(85.2%).We also found statistically significant correlations between expression of IRS-1 and both Bax and Bcl-xL in all CRC cases examined.The relationships between studied proteins were related to clinicopathological parameters of CRC.No significant correlation between the expression of IRS-1 and proliferation marker Ki-67,excluding early stage tumors,where the correlation was positive and on a high level(P=0.043,r=0.723).CONCLUSION This study suggests that IRS-1 is co-expressed with both pro-and antiapoptotic markers and all these proteins are more prevalent in more differentiated CRC than in poorly differentiated CRC.
基金The authors would like to thank Professor Fatima Carneiro(Head of Department of Anatomic Pathology,University Hospital of S.Joao,Porto,Portugal)for histopathological consultation.
文摘This paper reports a rare case of early adenocarcinoma within the gastric hyperplastic polyp,that was completely resected during an endoscopic procedure,and discusses current recommendations in such cases.Endoscopic resection of polyps with focal dysplasia or cancer is commonly indicated,as long as the procedure can be performed safely.After complete excision of a polyp with atypical focal lesion,endoscopic surveillance is suggested.The frequency of surveillance endoscopy should depend on the precise histopathological diagnosis and possibility of confirming the completeness of the endoscopic resection.If the completeness of the procedure is confirmed both macro-and microscopically,gastric resection does not have to be performed.A follow-up esophago-gastroduodenoscopy should be performed at 1 year and then at 3 years.
