Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising ...Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.展开更多
We read with great interest the recent article by Valenzuela et al.1titled“Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability:Insights from McArdle disease”published in the Journ...We read with great interest the recent article by Valenzuela et al.1titled“Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability:Insights from McArdle disease”published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science The study's exploration of the effects of varying carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in Mc Ardle disease,a condition characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability,is a significant contribution to the field of sports science and metabolic disorders.展开更多
Background:Exercise exerts tumor-suppressive effects across multiple malignancies,partly through exerkines—exercise-induced secreted factors with immunomodulatory and metabolic functions.However,the prognostic releva...Background:Exercise exerts tumor-suppressive effects across multiple malignancies,partly through exerkines—exercise-induced secreted factors with immunomodulatory and metabolic functions.However,the prognostic relevance of exerkines across cancer types remains unclear,and the molecular determinants of exercise responsiveness are poorly defined.Methods:We systematically profiled 183 curated exerkine-related genes across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)using non-negative matrix factorization(NMF)to define molecular subtypes.Prognostic significance was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier analysis.For five cancers with consistent survival divergence(LGG,KIRC,LUAD,PAAD,ACC),we developed an Exerkine Prognostic Index(EPI)using LASSO Cox regression and validated its predictive performance through time-dependent ROC analysis.Immune cell infiltration(CIBERSORT),stromal/immune scores(ESTIMATE),and immune checkpoint expression were assessed to characterize immune landscape differences between EPI subgroups.Results:Exerkine-based NMF clustering identified prognostically distinct subtypes in 25 cancers.The EPI robustly stratified patients into high-and low-risk groups with significant differences in overall survival(p<0.001).High-EPI subgroups were associated with elevated infiltration of immunosuppressive cells(e.g.,Tregs,M0 macrophages),altered immune/stromal scores,and differential expression of immune checkpoints such as PD-L1 and CTLA4 in a cancer-type-specific manner.Discussion:Our findings reveal that exerkine expression patterns capture biologically and clinically relevant heterogeneity across cancers.The EPI provides a robust molecular tool to stratify patients by prognosis and immune contexture,offering insights into differential exercise responsiveness.Conclusions:Exerkines represent promising biomarkers for risk stratification and precision-guided exercise interventions in oncology.展开更多
Targeted biofortification is an effective way to regulate the microbial community succession and the production of flavor metabolites in the Baijiu fermentation.However,the high organic acid present in the Baijiu brew...Targeted biofortification is an effective way to regulate the microbial community succession and the production of flavor metabolites in the Baijiu fermentation.However,the high organic acid present in the Baijiu brewing process causes the gradual succession of exogenous functional microorganisms to be less dominant,ultimately resulting in defective flavor substances.In this study,a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YS219 with high production of ethyl hexanoate and excellent organic acid tolerance was excavated,and the effects of this strain on the microbial composition and flavor metabolites during the fermentation of strong-flavor Baijiu were investigated.The microbial community was analyzed using the Illumina Miseq Pe300 Sequencing Platform,and at the genus level,Saccharomyces,Lactobacillus,and Pediococcus became the dominant genera after biofortification.A total of 77 flavor substances were detected in the biofortified fermented grains,and the contents of total esters and alcohols increased significantly.Among them,ethanol and ethyl hexanoate were significantly increased.Mantel test showed significant positive correlation between lactic acid and Pediococcus.Moreover,lactic acid,acetic acid,and ethanol were negatively correlated with most of the fermenting microorganisms.Following inoculation with S.cerevisiae YS219,Saccharomyces and Pediococcus exhibited a positively significant link with ethyl hexanoate,according to Spearman’s correlation analysis.Taken together,the results demonstrate that the addition of S.cerevisiae with excellent organic acid tolerance and high ethyl hexanoate production helps to promote the change of microbial community and the elevation of ethanol and ethyl hexanoate.展开更多
文摘Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.
文摘We read with great interest the recent article by Valenzuela et al.1titled“Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability:Insights from McArdle disease”published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science The study's exploration of the effects of varying carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in Mc Ardle disease,a condition characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability,is a significant contribution to the field of sports science and metabolic disorders.
基金supported by Beijing Sport University Graduate Innovation Programme(2024013).
文摘Background:Exercise exerts tumor-suppressive effects across multiple malignancies,partly through exerkines—exercise-induced secreted factors with immunomodulatory and metabolic functions.However,the prognostic relevance of exerkines across cancer types remains unclear,and the molecular determinants of exercise responsiveness are poorly defined.Methods:We systematically profiled 183 curated exerkine-related genes across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)using non-negative matrix factorization(NMF)to define molecular subtypes.Prognostic significance was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier analysis.For five cancers with consistent survival divergence(LGG,KIRC,LUAD,PAAD,ACC),we developed an Exerkine Prognostic Index(EPI)using LASSO Cox regression and validated its predictive performance through time-dependent ROC analysis.Immune cell infiltration(CIBERSORT),stromal/immune scores(ESTIMATE),and immune checkpoint expression were assessed to characterize immune landscape differences between EPI subgroups.Results:Exerkine-based NMF clustering identified prognostically distinct subtypes in 25 cancers.The EPI robustly stratified patients into high-and low-risk groups with significant differences in overall survival(p<0.001).High-EPI subgroups were associated with elevated infiltration of immunosuppressive cells(e.g.,Tregs,M0 macrophages),altered immune/stromal scores,and differential expression of immune checkpoints such as PD-L1 and CTLA4 in a cancer-type-specific manner.Discussion:Our findings reveal that exerkine expression patterns capture biologically and clinically relevant heterogeneity across cancers.The EPI provides a robust molecular tool to stratify patients by prognosis and immune contexture,offering insights into differential exercise responsiveness.Conclusions:Exerkines represent promising biomarkers for risk stratification and precision-guided exercise interventions in oncology.
基金support obtained from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2101401).
文摘Targeted biofortification is an effective way to regulate the microbial community succession and the production of flavor metabolites in the Baijiu fermentation.However,the high organic acid present in the Baijiu brewing process causes the gradual succession of exogenous functional microorganisms to be less dominant,ultimately resulting in defective flavor substances.In this study,a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YS219 with high production of ethyl hexanoate and excellent organic acid tolerance was excavated,and the effects of this strain on the microbial composition and flavor metabolites during the fermentation of strong-flavor Baijiu were investigated.The microbial community was analyzed using the Illumina Miseq Pe300 Sequencing Platform,and at the genus level,Saccharomyces,Lactobacillus,and Pediococcus became the dominant genera after biofortification.A total of 77 flavor substances were detected in the biofortified fermented grains,and the contents of total esters and alcohols increased significantly.Among them,ethanol and ethyl hexanoate were significantly increased.Mantel test showed significant positive correlation between lactic acid and Pediococcus.Moreover,lactic acid,acetic acid,and ethanol were negatively correlated with most of the fermenting microorganisms.Following inoculation with S.cerevisiae YS219,Saccharomyces and Pediococcus exhibited a positively significant link with ethyl hexanoate,according to Spearman’s correlation analysis.Taken together,the results demonstrate that the addition of S.cerevisiae with excellent organic acid tolerance and high ethyl hexanoate production helps to promote the change of microbial community and the elevation of ethanol and ethyl hexanoate.
