Mining activities are often associated with significant environmental degradation,particularly due to the accumulation of mine tailings(MTs).These waste materials are frequently stored in dams or open ponds without ad...Mining activities are often associated with significant environmental degradation,particularly due to the accumulation of mine tailings(MTs).These waste materials are frequently stored in dams or open ponds without adequate treatment,posing serious risk of heavy metals(HMs)contamination to surrounding ecosystems.Given these challenges,restoration of MTs to mitigate their negative impacts has become highly important.This study attempts to compile different types of MTs,their characteristics,and associated issues such as acid mine drainage(AMD)and HMs contamination,along with other environmental impacts.It also explores the fundamentals of phytoremediation,highlighting key processes,recent advancements,benefits,limitations,and strategies for post-harvest management.The findings indicate that MTs are a major source of HM pollution and contribute significantly to environmental deterioration.Phytoremediation has emerged as a promising,cost-effective,and eco-friendly solution for MT restoration.In addition to mitigating contamination,phytoremediation enhances soil quality,prevents erosion,reduces HM leaching into groundwater,and improves the visual appeal of degraded sites.Research suggests that revegetating MT-contaminated soils with specific plant species can effectively remediate these areas,reducing HM leaching risks while improving soil properties.This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers working on MT restoration,offering insights into the latest advancements in phytoremediation technology and its potential to address the environmental challenges posed by MTs.展开更多
Seawater desalination stands as an increasingly indispensable solution to address global water scarcity issues.This study conducts a thorough exergoenvironmental analysis of a multi-effect distillation with thermal va...Seawater desalination stands as an increasingly indispensable solution to address global water scarcity issues.This study conducts a thorough exergoenvironmental analysis of a multi-effect distillation with thermal vapor compression(MED-TVC)system,a highly promising desalination technology.The MED-TVC system presents an energy-efficient approach to desalination by harnessing waste heat sources and incorporating thermal vapor compression.The primary objective of this research is to assess the system’s thermodynamic efficiency and environmental impact,considering both energy and exergy aspects.The investigation delves into the intricacies of energy and exergy losses within the MED-TVC process,providing a holistic understanding of its performance.By scrutinizing the distribution and sources of exergy destruction,the study identifies specific areas for enhancement in the system’s design and operation,thereby elevating its overall sustainability.Moreover,the exergoenvironmental analysis quantifies the environmental impact,offering vital insights into the sustainability of seawater desalination technologies.The results underscore the significance of every component in the MED-TVC system for its exergoenvironmental performance.Notably,the thermal vapor compressor emerges as pivotal due to its direct impact on energy efficiency,exergy losses,and the environmental footprint of the process.Consequently,optimizing this particular component becomes imperative for achieving a more sustainable and efficient desalination system.展开更多
This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of t...This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of two dyes(TR+CG-H3G).The Cockle Shell(CS)was used as a natural bio-adsorbent.The characterizations of CS were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET).The adsorption potential of Cockle Shells was tested in two cases(single and binary system)and determined by:contact time(0–60 min),bio-adsorption dose(3–15 g/L),initial concentration(10–300 mg/L),temperature(22–61°C)and pH solution(2–12).The study of bio-adsorption(equilibrium and kinetics)was conducted at 22°C.The kinetic studies demon-strated that a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism had a good correlation coefficient(R2≥0.999).The Langmuir isotherm modeling provided a well-defined description of TR and CG-H3G bio-adsorption on cockle shells,exhibiting maximum capacities of 29.41 and 3.69 mg/g respectively at 22°C.The thermodynamic study shows that the reaction between the TR,CG-H3G dyes molecules and the bio-adsorbent is exothermic,spontaneous in the range of 22–31°C with the aleatory character decrease at the solid-liquid interface.The study of selectivity in single and binary systems has been performed under optimal operating conditions using the industrial textile rejection pH(pH=6.04).CG-H3G dye is found to have a higher selectivity than TR in single(0–60 min)and binary systems with a range of 6–45 min,as shown by the selectivity measurement.It was discovered that CS has the capability to remove both CG-H3G and TR dyes in both simple and binary systems,making it a superior bio-adsorbent.展开更多
Water often presents significant challenges in catalysts by deactivating active sites,poisoning the reaction,and even degrading composite structure.These challenges are amplified when the water participates as a react...Water often presents significant challenges in catalysts by deactivating active sites,poisoning the reaction,and even degrading composite structure.These challenges are amplified when the water participates as a reactant and is fed as a liquid phase,such as trickle bed-type reactors in a hydrogen-water isotope exchange(HIE)reaction.The key balance in such multiphase reactions is the precise control of catalyst design to repel bulk liquid water while diffusing water vapor.Herein,a platinum-incorporated metal-organic framework(MIL-101)based bifunctional hydrophobic catalyst functionalized with long alkyl chains(C_(12),dodecylamine)and further manufactured with poly(vinylidene fluoride),Pt@MIL-101-12/PVDF,has been developed which can show dramatically improved catalytic activity under multi-phase reactions involving hydrogen gas and liquid water.Pt@MIL-101-12/PVDF demonstrates enhanced macroscopic water-blocking properties,with a notable reduction of over 65%in water adsorption capacity and newly introduced liquid water repellency.while exhibiting a negligible increase in mass transfer resistance,i.e.,bifunctional hydrophobicity.Excellent catalytic activity,evaluated via HIE reaction,and its durability underscore the impact of bifunctional hydrophobicity.In situ DRIFTS analysis elucidates water adsorption/desorption dynamics within the catalyst composite,highlighting reinforced water diffusion at the microscopic level,affirming the catalyst's bifunctionality in different length scales.With demonstrated radiation resistance,Pt@MIL-101-12/PVDF emerges as a promising candidate for isotope exchange reactions.展开更多
Reports and claims have been made reflecting opinions of the environmental impacts of the Whein Town Landfill Facility on the residents of the Whein Town Community. This study seeks to examine the environmental effect...Reports and claims have been made reflecting opinions of the environmental impacts of the Whein Town Landfill Facility on the residents of the Whein Town Community. This study seeks to examine the environmental effects of the Whein Town Landfill on nearby residents, and the effectiveness of the existing mitigation schemes. This cross-sectional study used 4-point-Likert and 2-point-dichotomous scales questionnaires to collect information from 352 Whein Town community household heads. The findings reveal that “odorous emissions” represent the most critical environmental challenge, severely impacting residents’ well-being and quality of life. By contrast, “garbage spillage along routes” has a minimal impact on residents’ lives, with many residents rating it as “Not Serious”. Six out of eight mitigation implemented schemes achieved a success rate below 25%, one performed at approximately 50%, and only one scheme—the landfill fencing—was effectively implemented, reaching a near-perfect success rate of 99.99%. Therefore, residents of Whein Town are experiencing adverse environmental effects that can be remediated with proper planning and the implementation of existing schemes.展开更多
This study focused on realizing Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)6 for inclusive clean water and sanitation;in particular Target 6.3,which aims to reduce untreated wastewater by 2030 while promoting circular wastewate...This study focused on realizing Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)6 for inclusive clean water and sanitation;in particular Target 6.3,which aims to reduce untreated wastewater by 2030 while promoting circular wastewater reuse and recycling globally.The main objective was to assess the adequacy and efficiency of communal septic tank systems in informal settlements while helping local planners and authorities in their decision-making regarding Target 6.3.Quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed with secondary data from previous researchers,and primary data were collected from field surveys,observations,and interviews with members of the local community.The research was delimited to two village administrative divisions known as Rukun Warga(Village Administrative Division,RW):RW 7 and RW 8 of Lebak Siliwangi Kampung in Coblong District,Bandung,West Java,Indonesia.The findings were also compared with situations in other informal settlements in Brazil,Bangladesh,and Nairobi.The results indicated the inadequacy of communal septic tanks in informal settlements due to factors such as substandard system design,limited support and communication between authorities and residents,and the gap between septic tank availability and capacity vis-a-vis demand.Other limiting factors included limited land availability and irregular geomorphology,the latter of which affected the siting and operation of septic tanks due a lack of room for upgrades or expansion in response to continuous population growth.These findings illustrate the need to complement communal septic systems with flexible centralized or decentralized systems to achieve Target 6.3 of SDG 6.展开更多
Extreme temperature events have intensified across Jordan over the past 40 a,increasing risks to agriculture,water availability,urban infrastructure,and public health.The purpose of this study is to assess the long-te...Extreme temperature events have intensified across Jordan over the past 40 a,increasing risks to agriculture,water availability,urban infrastructure,and public health.The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term spatial trends and regime shifts in extreme temperature indicators across Jordan's climate zones to explore climate adaptation strategies.This study presents a high-resolution and spatially explicit assessment of thermal extremes using daily data from 1982 to 2024 across 45 grid-based study points in Jordan.Thirteen temperature indices,including percentile-based thresholds,duration metrics,and absolute extremes,were computed using RClimDex and analyzed across four Köppen climate zones:hot desert(BWh),hot semi-arid(BSh),cold desert(BWk),and Mediterranean(Csa)climates.The analysis confirmed a statistically significant warming trend:annual mean maximum temperatures increased by 2.198°C,while annual mean minimum temperatures rose by 2.035°C.Cold extremes have sharply declined,with cold days(TX10p)decreasing by 70.0%–80.0%,and the cold spell duration indicator(CSDI)dropping from 12.6 to 4.0 d/a,particularly in the BWk zone.Heat indices intensified across all zones,with warm days(TX90p)increasing by over 300.0%in BWh,warm nights(TN90p)rising by 38.1%,and the warm spell duration indicator(WSDI)extending fourfold,indicating prolonged exposure to heatwaves.Mean value of maximum temperature(TXx)reached 45.600°C in most arid areas,while minimum temperature(TNx)exceeded 31.600°C,highlighting increased nocturnal heat stress.Change-point analysis indicated that 1998 was a pivotal year,marking a structural transition in both cold and warm temperature indices.Subsequent intensifications after 2010 in TN90p,TNx,and mean of daily maximum temperature(Tmaxmean)reflected an ongoing trend toward sustained thermal extremes.In addition to time-series trends,the study employed network-based correlation analysis to explore the coherence among climate indices.Strong positive correlations were observed among TXx,TX90p,and mean of daily minimum temperature(Tminmean)(r≥0.94),as well as among TN90p,Tminmean,and TNx(r≥0.87),indicating a tightly clustered heat subsystem.Duration metrics like the WSDI showed a close alignment with percentile extremes(between WSDI and TX90p;r=0.88),suggesting integrated heatwave behavior.In contrast,cold indices(TX10p,TN90p,frost days,and CSDI)exhibited weak or negative correlations and displayed peripheral positioning in the climate network,indicating their limited role under a warming regime.Absolute extremes showed weak internal linkages,suggesting episodic rather than systemic response characteristics.This structural realignment indicated a shift from a previously balanced thermal profile to a heat-dominated climate system.Regional variations revealed that BWh and BSh were experiencing the steepest warming,while Csa was transitioning more slowly but was showing signs of reduced winter cooling and increased irrigation demands.The findings establish a robust climate baseline for Jordan and offer actionable insights for climate adaptation planning.Recommended measures include precision irrigation,the development of heat-resilient crops,improvements to urban cooling infrastructure,and early warning systems for thermal extremes.By integrating spatial climate zoning,regime shift analysis,and inter-index correlation structures,this study provides a replicable framework for monitoring climatic transformations and informing resilience strategies in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
In this study,the visible-light photocatalytic reaction properties of perovskite catalysts was investigated with excellent visible-light sensitivity.Titanate-based and ferrite-based perovskites were introduced as ligh...In this study,the visible-light photocatalytic reaction properties of perovskite catalysts was investigated with excellent visible-light sensitivity.Titanate-based and ferrite-based perovskites were introduced as light-responsive catalysts.A novel ferrite-based perovskite composite,PrBiFeO_(3),was synthesized,which demonstrated significantly enhanced light absorption under both visible light and UV illumination.The composite was prepared according to a combined sol-gel and solvothermal method.The newly synthesized PrBiFeO_(3)exhibited excellent absorption capabilities for both UV and visible light,with a band gap energy of about 2.0 eV.These perovskites showed photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methylene blue and formaldehyde under visible light LED lamp illumination.Notably,the ferrite-based perovskites,including PrFeO_(3),displayed better photocatalytic activity under visible light compared to the titanate-based perovskites.The novel PrBiFeO_(3)composite also produced hydrogen and oxygen through water splitting under artificial sunlight and liquid plasma discharging.The amount of hydrogen produced by photocatalytic water splitting in PrBiFeO_(3)under liquid plasma irradiation was approximately 50 times higher than that produced under artificial sunlight irradiation.展开更多
In this study,novel CePO_(4) supported Cr catalyst was applied to eliminate slipping NH_(3) from stationary sources in the presence of SO_(2).Experimental results revealed that over 85%NH_(3) conversion and well N_(2)...In this study,novel CePO_(4) supported Cr catalyst was applied to eliminate slipping NH_(3) from stationary sources in the presence of SO_(2).Experimental results revealed that over 85%NH_(3) conversion and well N_(2) selectivity could be achieved on Cr/CePO_(4) catalyst within 300-450℃ after 20 h reaction running in the presence of SO_(2).Importantly,superior SCO activity(about 95%)could be maintained during the stability test.Characterization results indicated that active Cr sites could form strong interactions with acidic CePO_(4) support on Cr/CePO_(4) catalyst,which slightly suppressed reactivity of active Cr species but showed enhanced surface acidity.Importantly,the existed strong interactions and enhanced surface acidity significantly impeded the adsorption and oxidation process of SO_(2),which weakened the deposition and thermal stability of sulfate species and retained more active sites to participate in SCO reactions,thereby enhancing sulfur tolerance of Cr/CePO_(4) catalyst.Such findings could pave a new way for development of highly efficient SCO catalysts with well sulfur tolerance for real application.展开更多
This study investigated forest recovery in the Atlantic Rainforest and Rupestrian Grassland of Brazil using the diffusive-logistic growth(DLG)model.This model simulates vegetation growth in the two mountain biomes con...This study investigated forest recovery in the Atlantic Rainforest and Rupestrian Grassland of Brazil using the diffusive-logistic growth(DLG)model.This model simulates vegetation growth in the two mountain biomes considering spatial location,time,and two key parameters:diffusion rate and growth rate.A Bayesian framework is employed to analyze the model's parameters and assess prediction uncertainties.Satellite imagery from 1992 and 2022 was used for model calibration and validation.By solving the DLG model using the finite difference method,we predicted a 6.6%–51.1%increase in vegetation density for the Atlantic Rainforest and a 5.3%–99.9%increase for the Rupestrian Grassland over 30 years,with the latter showing slower recovery but achieving a better model fit(lower RMSE)compared to the Atlantic Rainforest.The Bayesian approach revealed well-defined parameter distributions and lower parameter values for the Rupestrian Grassland,supporting the slower recovery prediction.Importantly,the model achieved good agreement with observed vegetation patterns in unseen validation data for both biomes.While there were minor spatial variations in accuracy,the overall distributions of predicted and observed vegetation density were comparable.Furthermore,this study highlights the importance of considering uncertainty in model predictions.Bayesian inference allowed us to quantify this uncertainty,demonstrating that the model's performance can vary across locations.Our approach provides valuable insights into forest regeneration process uncertainties,enabling comparisons of modeled scenarios at different recovery stages for better decision-making in these critical mountain biomes.展开更多
In this study,the commonly used Cu or Mn-based low-temperature SCR catalysts were employed to investigate their different reaction behaviors in the presence of high-content water vapor.Experimental results reveal that...In this study,the commonly used Cu or Mn-based low-temperature SCR catalysts were employed to investigate their different reaction behaviors in the presence of high-content water vapor.Experimental results reveal that CuCeTi sample possesses superior water re sistance at low temperature compared with MnCeTi catalyst.Upon the introduction of water vapor,both catalysts exhibit a quick loss in deNOxefficiency,while that is more pronounced on MnCeTi sample.In addition,unlike CuCeTi sample,MnCeTi catalyst also shows a gradual deactivation tendency after initial quick activity loss.Characterization and simulation results indicate that H_(2)O is more easily adsorbed and dissociated on MnCeTi catalyst,showing stronger suppression on NH3adsorption,causing more serious initial deactivation.Furthermore,more abundant hydroxyl groups derived from dissociative adsorption of water on MnCeTi catalyst will lead to more NH4NO3deposition and the decrease in redox capacity.This is the main reason of gradual deactivation of MnCeTi catalyst at high-content water vapor.Such findings could pave a new way for development of highly efficient SCR catalysts with good water resistance for real application.展开更多
The steel industry produces many byproducts, requiring extensive land for storage and causing significant environmental contamination. Industrial effluents discharged into water bodies negatively impact both aquatic e...The steel industry produces many byproducts, requiring extensive land for storage and causing significant environmental contamination. Industrial effluents discharged into water bodies negatively impact both aquatic ecosystems and human health. To solve this problem, this study synthesized a composite of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and steel slag nanocomposites (SSNC) at a 1:2 mass ratio to create a robust photocatalyst for the treatment of synthetic wastewater. The efficacy of this catalyst in degrading various dye pollutants, including methylene blue (MB), was tested under simulated solar light conditions. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the physical and chemical characteristics, crystalline structure, energy gap, and point of zero charge of the composite. The TiO2-SSNC composite catalyst exhibited excellent stability, with a point of zero charge at 8.342 and an energy gap of 2.4 eV. The degradation process conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Optimization of operational parameters was achieved through the response surface methodology. Reusability tests demonstrated that the TiO2-SSNC composite catalyst effectively degraded up to 93.41% of MB in the suspended mode and 92.03% in the coated mode after five cycles. Additionally, the degradation efficiencies for various dyes were significant, highlighting the potential of the composite for broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment. This study also explored the degradation mechanisms and identified byproducts, establishing a pathway for contaminant breakdown. The cost-benefit analysis revealed a total cost of 0.842 8 USD per cubic meter for each treatment activity, indicating low operational and production costs. These findings underscore the promise of the TiO2-SSNC composite as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for wastewater purification.展开更多
Studying runoff characteristics and quantifying human activities’impact on northern Shaanxi,a crucial mineral resource area in China,is crucial to alleviate water resource contradictions.In this study,hydrological el...Studying runoff characteristics and quantifying human activities’impact on northern Shaanxi,a crucial mineral resource area in China,is crucial to alleviate water resource contradictions.In this study,hydrological element trends were analyzed using theβ-z-h three-parameter indication method.The Mann-Kendall,Pettitt,moving T,and Yamamoto methods were used to test the mutation point of hydrological elements.The Budyko framework was used to quantitatively assess the impacts of climate change and multiple human activities on runoff reduction.The results showed that(1):Precipitation(PRE),potential evapotranspiration(E0),and temperature(TEM)showed increasing trends;runoff in the Huangfuchuan,Gushanchuan,Kuye River,Tuwei River,Wuding River,Qingjian River,and Yanhe River catchments showed decreasing trends(HFC,GSC,KYR,TWR,WDR,QJR,YR);whereas runoff in the Jialu River(JLR)catchment showed a“V-shaped”trend from 1980 to2020.(2)Runoff was positively correlated with PRE and negatively correlated with E0and the subsurface index(n),with the elasticity coefficients of PRE,E0,and n showing an increasing trend in the change period.(3)Human activities were a key factor in runoff reduction,although the impact of different human activities showed spatial variations.This study provides a scientific foundation for achieving the sustainable development of water resources in mining areas.展开更多
Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction(NHs-SCR)technology has been employed to eliminate NO_(x) from diesel engine exhaust,with Cu-SSZ-13 serving as the commercial catalyst.The greenhouse gas N_(2)O is produced as a by...Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction(NHs-SCR)technology has been employed to eliminate NO_(x) from diesel engine exhaust,with Cu-SSZ-13 serving as the commercial catalyst.The greenhouse gas N_(2)O is produced as a byproduct when using Cu-SSZ-13 as the NH_(3)-SCR catalyst.To achieve synergistic control of pollutants and greenhouse gases in diesel engine exhaust,rational design of Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts is required.In this study,the effect of Brønsted acid sites in Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts on the formation of N_(2)O was investigated.Mild thermal treatmentwas innovatively employed to prepare Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with different amounts of Brønsted acid sites.EPR,H_(2)-TPR,NH_(3)-TPD,NMR were utilized to determine that the Brønsted acid sites were modified while the Cu species remained unchanged.Thereby an accurate assessment of the influence of Brønsted acid sites on N_(2)O formation could be achieved.Our results showed that Cu-SSZ-13 with more Brønsted acid sites produced less N_(2)O during the NH_(3)-SCR reaction.In the low-temperature region,the presence of framework acid sites facilitates the decomposition of the NH_(4)NO_(3)assisted by NO to form N_(2)and H_(2)O,reducing the formation of N_(2)O.In the high-temperature region,the Brønsted acid sites promote the decomposition of NH_(2)NO into N_(2)and H_(2)O.Meanwhile,the N_(2)O-SCR reaction can also be promoted by Brønsted acid sites,thereby decreasing N_(2)O emissions.This study suggests that in the future design and synthesis of Cu-SSZ-13 zeolites,attention should be paid to creating more Brønsted acid sites in Cu-SSZ-13 to reduce N_(2)O emissions.展开更多
Solar-driven photocatalysis with charge-transfer modulation is a green approach for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)to generate hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).In this study,we introduced a novel method for ...Solar-driven photocatalysis with charge-transfer modulation is a green approach for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)to generate hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).In this study,we introduced a novel method for synthesizing high-valence Sn^(δ+)in SnS_(2),combined with gC_(3)N_(4)to create gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations exhibited that the interface between SnS_(2)and gC_(3)N_(4)creates interband states through strong hybridization,revealing that photoexcited electrons flowed from C in gC_(3)N_(4)to S in SnS_(2),forming a Z-scheme heterojunction.The optimal gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)-2(2%SnS_(2)loaded)achieved a high H_(2)O_(2)production rate of 7.186 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and an apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 33.8%at 405 nm with isopropanol(IPA),converting 88.8%IPA to acetone in 2 h.The gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)composite improved the charge transfer resistance and elongated the non-radiative electron decay time.Notably,SnS_(2)doping of gC_(3)N_(4)decreased the antibonding orbital occupancy and lowered the energy barrier for O_(2) and OOH^(*)adsorption.In situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)analysis confirmed the generation of OOH^(*)on gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)during light irradiation.A techno-economic analysis(TEA)was conducted to evaluate the economic viability of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production,revealing that it was not economically feasible owing to challenges in the separation process.This study provides unique perspectives on the approaches to inducing a high valence state of Sn^(δ+)for enhancing photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation and the challenge of commercializing H_(2)O_(2)production via photocatalysis.展开更多
A MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)coupled with acylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(AMWCNTS)was prepared using an easy one-step modification approach and applied for the visible light-assisted removal of ciprofloxacin(C...A MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)coupled with acylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(AMWCNTS)was prepared using an easy one-step modification approach and applied for the visible light-assisted removal of ciprofloxacin(CIP).FT-IR,XRD,VSM,Raman spectrum,FE-SEM,BJH/BET,UV-Vis,and band gap analysis were used to characterize nanocomposites.In terms of CIP removal,the nanocomposites outperformed both AMWCNTS and MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)nanoparticles.At a pH of 7,an initial CIP concentration of 25 mg·L^(-1),a reaction time of 40 min,and a catalyst dose of 0.8 g·L^(-1),all of the CIP was degraded.The ratios of BOD5/COD(5-day biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand)and BOD5/TOC(5-day biological oxygen demand/total organic carbon)at the beginning of the process were 0.22 and 0.71,respectively,and reached 0.755 and 1.21 at the end of the process,which signposts the conversion of non-biodegradable wastewater into biodegradable wastewater.Scavenger studies disclosed that hydroxyl radicals and holes had the greatest effect on the degradation of CIP.The toxicity of the final effluent was also investigated with E.coli bacteria,and the results showed a very good effect of the process in the field of effluent sterilization.Equilibrium data fully followed first-order kinetics,with a reaction rate constant of 0.109 min^(-1).Also,the half-life for the complete degradation of CIP was equal to 6.8 min.The CIP removal efficiency still remained at 9.4%in the five cycles.MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)@AMWCNTS gave a pronounced potential for eliminating CIP from aqueous environment.展开更多
In the past decades, two large scale coastal engineering projects have been carried out in the Deep Bay surrounded by Shenzhen City and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. One project is Shenzhen River channel re...In the past decades, two large scale coastal engineering projects have been carried out in the Deep Bay surrounded by Shenzhen City and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. One project is Shenzhen River channel regulation and the other is the sea reclamation along the seashore on the Shenzhen side. The two projects are very close to the two national nature reserves, specifically Futian in Shenzhen and Mai Po in Hong Kong, which are important wetland ecosystems worldwide. This paper aims to identify and monitor the mangrove wetland changes with time series of Landsat Thematic Mapper images pre and post to the two engineering projects being launched. Coupled analysis of the image interpretation results and tidal data acquired at the same time in the context of the two works reveals that the mangrove wetland area has increased from year 1989 to 1994, and has changed little from year 1994 to 2002. Binary coding is applied to reveal the distribution image of mangrove at each phase, and the coding image shows that the construction of the two coastal engineering projects has caused frequent changes in mangrove spatial distribution. The study also shows that the change is not significant regarding to the precision of the method and the natural evolution of mangrove wetland, and the projects do not cause apparently influences upon the two national mangrove conservation zones at least for the research time period.展开更多
This work describes the development,optimisation and validation of an analytical method for the rapid determination of 17 priority pharmaceutical compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Rather than studying...This work describes the development,optimisation and validation of an analytical method for the rapid determination of 17 priority pharmaceutical compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Rather than studying compounds from the same therapeutic class,the analyses aimed to determine target compounds with the highest risk potential(with particular regard to Scotland),providing a tool for further monitoring in different water matrices.Prioritisation was based on a systematic environmental risk assessment approach,using consumption data;wastewater treatment removal efficiency;environmental occurrence;toxicological effects;and pre-existing regulatory indicators.This process highlighted 17 compounds across various therapeutic classes,which were then quantified,at environmentally relevant concentrations,by a single analytical methodology.Analytical determination was achieved using a single-step solid phase extraction(SPE)procedure followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The fully optimised method performed well for the majority of target compounds,with recoveries>71%for 15 of 17 analytes.The limits of quantification for most target analytes(14 of 17)ranged from 0.07 ng/L to 1.88 ng/L in river waters.The utility of this method was then demonstrated using real water samples associated with a rural hospital/setting.Eight compounds were targeted and detected,with the highest levels found for the analgesic,paracetamol(at up to 105,910 ng/L in the hospital discharge).This method offers a robust tool to monitor high priority pharmaceutical and EDC levels in various aqueous sample matrices.展开更多
Semiconductor photocatalytic technology has shown great prospects in converting solar energy into chemical energy to mitigate energy crisis and solve environmental pollution problems.The key issue is the development o...Semiconductor photocatalytic technology has shown great prospects in converting solar energy into chemical energy to mitigate energy crisis and solve environmental pollution problems.The key issue is the development of high-efficiency photocatalysts.Various strategies in the state-of-the-art advancements,such as heterostructure construction,heteroatom doping,metal/single atom loading,and defect engineering,have been presented for the graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)-based nanocomposite catalysts to design their surface chemical environments and internal electronic structures to make them more suitable for different photocatalytic applications.In this review,nanoarchitecture design,synthesis methods,photochemical properties,potential photocatalytic applications,and related reaction mechanisms of the modified high-efficiency carbon nitride-based photocatalysts were briefly summarized.The superior photocatalytic performance was identified to be associated with the enhanced visible-light response,fast photoinduced electron-hole separation,efficient charge migration,and increased unsaturated active sites.Moreover,the further advance of the visible-light harvesting and solar-to-energy conversions are proposed.展开更多
Due to high demand and limited availability of rare earth elements (REEs), Europe is unable to meet its industrial needs, especially High Tech needs, today for the manufacturing sector. Therefore, the EU has included ...Due to high demand and limited availability of rare earth elements (REEs), Europe is unable to meet its industrial needs, especially High Tech needs, today for the manufacturing sector. Therefore, the EU has included them in the group of 14 critical minerals. China currently controls completely the mining activity, the enrichment technologies and metallurgy, and end-metal products of rare earths, resulting both Europe and the U.S.A. in full industrial dependency. The exploitation and wide use of REEs in fertilizers have led to accumulation of these elements in soils, resulting in an agriculture field pollution, which affects directly the soil microfauna with a toxic potential effect.展开更多
文摘Mining activities are often associated with significant environmental degradation,particularly due to the accumulation of mine tailings(MTs).These waste materials are frequently stored in dams or open ponds without adequate treatment,posing serious risk of heavy metals(HMs)contamination to surrounding ecosystems.Given these challenges,restoration of MTs to mitigate their negative impacts has become highly important.This study attempts to compile different types of MTs,their characteristics,and associated issues such as acid mine drainage(AMD)and HMs contamination,along with other environmental impacts.It also explores the fundamentals of phytoremediation,highlighting key processes,recent advancements,benefits,limitations,and strategies for post-harvest management.The findings indicate that MTs are a major source of HM pollution and contribute significantly to environmental deterioration.Phytoremediation has emerged as a promising,cost-effective,and eco-friendly solution for MT restoration.In addition to mitigating contamination,phytoremediation enhances soil quality,prevents erosion,reduces HM leaching into groundwater,and improves the visual appeal of degraded sites.Research suggests that revegetating MT-contaminated soils with specific plant species can effectively remediate these areas,reducing HM leaching risks while improving soil properties.This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers working on MT restoration,offering insights into the latest advancements in phytoremediation technology and its potential to address the environmental challenges posed by MTs.
基金the Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory Agreement No.30303-12-2003,at the University of Medea.
文摘Seawater desalination stands as an increasingly indispensable solution to address global water scarcity issues.This study conducts a thorough exergoenvironmental analysis of a multi-effect distillation with thermal vapor compression(MED-TVC)system,a highly promising desalination technology.The MED-TVC system presents an energy-efficient approach to desalination by harnessing waste heat sources and incorporating thermal vapor compression.The primary objective of this research is to assess the system’s thermodynamic efficiency and environmental impact,considering both energy and exergy aspects.The investigation delves into the intricacies of energy and exergy losses within the MED-TVC process,providing a holistic understanding of its performance.By scrutinizing the distribution and sources of exergy destruction,the study identifies specific areas for enhancement in the system’s design and operation,thereby elevating its overall sustainability.Moreover,the exergoenvironmental analysis quantifies the environmental impact,offering vital insights into the sustainability of seawater desalination technologies.The results underscore the significance of every component in the MED-TVC system for its exergoenvironmental performance.Notably,the thermal vapor compressor emerges as pivotal due to its direct impact on energy efficiency,exergy losses,and the environmental footprint of the process.Consequently,optimizing this particular component becomes imperative for achieving a more sustainable and efficient desalination system.
基金supported by the University Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3 (Algeria).
文摘This research aims to study the bio-adsorption process of two dyes,Cibacron Green H3G(CG-H3G)and Terasil Red(TR),in a single system and to bring them closer to the industrial textile discharge by a binary mixture of two dyes(TR+CG-H3G).The Cockle Shell(CS)was used as a natural bio-adsorbent.The characterizations of CS were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET).The adsorption potential of Cockle Shells was tested in two cases(single and binary system)and determined by:contact time(0–60 min),bio-adsorption dose(3–15 g/L),initial concentration(10–300 mg/L),temperature(22–61°C)and pH solution(2–12).The study of bio-adsorption(equilibrium and kinetics)was conducted at 22°C.The kinetic studies demon-strated that a pseudo-second-order adsorption mechanism had a good correlation coefficient(R2≥0.999).The Langmuir isotherm modeling provided a well-defined description of TR and CG-H3G bio-adsorption on cockle shells,exhibiting maximum capacities of 29.41 and 3.69 mg/g respectively at 22°C.The thermodynamic study shows that the reaction between the TR,CG-H3G dyes molecules and the bio-adsorbent is exothermic,spontaneous in the range of 22–31°C with the aleatory character decrease at the solid-liquid interface.The study of selectivity in single and binary systems has been performed under optimal operating conditions using the industrial textile rejection pH(pH=6.04).CG-H3G dye is found to have a higher selectivity than TR in single(0–60 min)and binary systems with a range of 6–45 min,as shown by the selectivity measurement.It was discovered that CS has the capability to remove both CG-H3G and TR dyes in both simple and binary systems,making it a superior bio-adsorbent.
基金supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)under grant No.RS-2022-00155422 and No.2021R1C1C102014。
文摘Water often presents significant challenges in catalysts by deactivating active sites,poisoning the reaction,and even degrading composite structure.These challenges are amplified when the water participates as a reactant and is fed as a liquid phase,such as trickle bed-type reactors in a hydrogen-water isotope exchange(HIE)reaction.The key balance in such multiphase reactions is the precise control of catalyst design to repel bulk liquid water while diffusing water vapor.Herein,a platinum-incorporated metal-organic framework(MIL-101)based bifunctional hydrophobic catalyst functionalized with long alkyl chains(C_(12),dodecylamine)and further manufactured with poly(vinylidene fluoride),Pt@MIL-101-12/PVDF,has been developed which can show dramatically improved catalytic activity under multi-phase reactions involving hydrogen gas and liquid water.Pt@MIL-101-12/PVDF demonstrates enhanced macroscopic water-blocking properties,with a notable reduction of over 65%in water adsorption capacity and newly introduced liquid water repellency.while exhibiting a negligible increase in mass transfer resistance,i.e.,bifunctional hydrophobicity.Excellent catalytic activity,evaluated via HIE reaction,and its durability underscore the impact of bifunctional hydrophobicity.In situ DRIFTS analysis elucidates water adsorption/desorption dynamics within the catalyst composite,highlighting reinforced water diffusion at the microscopic level,affirming the catalyst's bifunctionality in different length scales.With demonstrated radiation resistance,Pt@MIL-101-12/PVDF emerges as a promising candidate for isotope exchange reactions.
文摘Reports and claims have been made reflecting opinions of the environmental impacts of the Whein Town Landfill Facility on the residents of the Whein Town Community. This study seeks to examine the environmental effects of the Whein Town Landfill on nearby residents, and the effectiveness of the existing mitigation schemes. This cross-sectional study used 4-point-Likert and 2-point-dichotomous scales questionnaires to collect information from 352 Whein Town community household heads. The findings reveal that “odorous emissions” represent the most critical environmental challenge, severely impacting residents’ well-being and quality of life. By contrast, “garbage spillage along routes” has a minimal impact on residents’ lives, with many residents rating it as “Not Serious”. Six out of eight mitigation implemented schemes achieved a success rate below 25%, one performed at approximately 50%, and only one scheme—the landfill fencing—was effectively implemented, reaching a near-perfect success rate of 99.99%. Therefore, residents of Whein Town are experiencing adverse environmental effects that can be remediated with proper planning and the implementation of existing schemes.
文摘This study focused on realizing Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)6 for inclusive clean water and sanitation;in particular Target 6.3,which aims to reduce untreated wastewater by 2030 while promoting circular wastewater reuse and recycling globally.The main objective was to assess the adequacy and efficiency of communal septic tank systems in informal settlements while helping local planners and authorities in their decision-making regarding Target 6.3.Quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed with secondary data from previous researchers,and primary data were collected from field surveys,observations,and interviews with members of the local community.The research was delimited to two village administrative divisions known as Rukun Warga(Village Administrative Division,RW):RW 7 and RW 8 of Lebak Siliwangi Kampung in Coblong District,Bandung,West Java,Indonesia.The findings were also compared with situations in other informal settlements in Brazil,Bangladesh,and Nairobi.The results indicated the inadequacy of communal septic tanks in informal settlements due to factors such as substandard system design,limited support and communication between authorities and residents,and the gap between septic tank availability and capacity vis-a-vis demand.Other limiting factors included limited land availability and irregular geomorphology,the latter of which affected the siting and operation of septic tanks due a lack of room for upgrades or expansion in response to continuous population growth.These findings illustrate the need to complement communal septic systems with flexible centralized or decentralized systems to achieve Target 6.3 of SDG 6.
文摘Extreme temperature events have intensified across Jordan over the past 40 a,increasing risks to agriculture,water availability,urban infrastructure,and public health.The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term spatial trends and regime shifts in extreme temperature indicators across Jordan's climate zones to explore climate adaptation strategies.This study presents a high-resolution and spatially explicit assessment of thermal extremes using daily data from 1982 to 2024 across 45 grid-based study points in Jordan.Thirteen temperature indices,including percentile-based thresholds,duration metrics,and absolute extremes,were computed using RClimDex and analyzed across four Köppen climate zones:hot desert(BWh),hot semi-arid(BSh),cold desert(BWk),and Mediterranean(Csa)climates.The analysis confirmed a statistically significant warming trend:annual mean maximum temperatures increased by 2.198°C,while annual mean minimum temperatures rose by 2.035°C.Cold extremes have sharply declined,with cold days(TX10p)decreasing by 70.0%–80.0%,and the cold spell duration indicator(CSDI)dropping from 12.6 to 4.0 d/a,particularly in the BWk zone.Heat indices intensified across all zones,with warm days(TX90p)increasing by over 300.0%in BWh,warm nights(TN90p)rising by 38.1%,and the warm spell duration indicator(WSDI)extending fourfold,indicating prolonged exposure to heatwaves.Mean value of maximum temperature(TXx)reached 45.600°C in most arid areas,while minimum temperature(TNx)exceeded 31.600°C,highlighting increased nocturnal heat stress.Change-point analysis indicated that 1998 was a pivotal year,marking a structural transition in both cold and warm temperature indices.Subsequent intensifications after 2010 in TN90p,TNx,and mean of daily maximum temperature(Tmaxmean)reflected an ongoing trend toward sustained thermal extremes.In addition to time-series trends,the study employed network-based correlation analysis to explore the coherence among climate indices.Strong positive correlations were observed among TXx,TX90p,and mean of daily minimum temperature(Tminmean)(r≥0.94),as well as among TN90p,Tminmean,and TNx(r≥0.87),indicating a tightly clustered heat subsystem.Duration metrics like the WSDI showed a close alignment with percentile extremes(between WSDI and TX90p;r=0.88),suggesting integrated heatwave behavior.In contrast,cold indices(TX10p,TN90p,frost days,and CSDI)exhibited weak or negative correlations and displayed peripheral positioning in the climate network,indicating their limited role under a warming regime.Absolute extremes showed weak internal linkages,suggesting episodic rather than systemic response characteristics.This structural realignment indicated a shift from a previously balanced thermal profile to a heat-dominated climate system.Regional variations revealed that BWh and BSh were experiencing the steepest warming,while Csa was transitioning more slowly but was showing signs of reduced winter cooling and increased irrigation demands.The findings establish a robust climate baseline for Jordan and offer actionable insights for climate adaptation planning.Recommended measures include precision irrigation,the development of heat-resilient crops,improvements to urban cooling infrastructure,and early warning systems for thermal extremes.By integrating spatial climate zoning,regime shift analysis,and inter-index correlation structures,this study provides a replicable framework for monitoring climatic transformations and informing resilience strategies in arid and semi-arid areas.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Program Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.NRF-2022R111A3069740).
文摘In this study,the visible-light photocatalytic reaction properties of perovskite catalysts was investigated with excellent visible-light sensitivity.Titanate-based and ferrite-based perovskites were introduced as light-responsive catalysts.A novel ferrite-based perovskite composite,PrBiFeO_(3),was synthesized,which demonstrated significantly enhanced light absorption under both visible light and UV illumination.The composite was prepared according to a combined sol-gel and solvothermal method.The newly synthesized PrBiFeO_(3)exhibited excellent absorption capabilities for both UV and visible light,with a band gap energy of about 2.0 eV.These perovskites showed photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methylene blue and formaldehyde under visible light LED lamp illumination.Notably,the ferrite-based perovskites,including PrFeO_(3),displayed better photocatalytic activity under visible light compared to the titanate-based perovskites.The novel PrBiFeO_(3)composite also produced hydrogen and oxygen through water splitting under artificial sunlight and liquid plasma discharging.The amount of hydrogen produced by photocatalytic water splitting in PrBiFeO_(3)under liquid plasma irradiation was approximately 50 times higher than that produced under artificial sunlight irradiation.
基金financial support of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3701600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276162 and 22306072)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731441)Young Talent Fund of Jiaxing Science and Technology Project(No.2023AY40030).
文摘In this study,novel CePO_(4) supported Cr catalyst was applied to eliminate slipping NH_(3) from stationary sources in the presence of SO_(2).Experimental results revealed that over 85%NH_(3) conversion and well N_(2) selectivity could be achieved on Cr/CePO_(4) catalyst within 300-450℃ after 20 h reaction running in the presence of SO_(2).Importantly,superior SCO activity(about 95%)could be maintained during the stability test.Characterization results indicated that active Cr sites could form strong interactions with acidic CePO_(4) support on Cr/CePO_(4) catalyst,which slightly suppressed reactivity of active Cr species but showed enhanced surface acidity.Importantly,the existed strong interactions and enhanced surface acidity significantly impeded the adsorption and oxidation process of SO_(2),which weakened the deposition and thermal stability of sulfate species and retained more active sites to participate in SCO reactions,thereby enhancing sulfur tolerance of Cr/CePO_(4) catalyst.Such findings could pave a new way for development of highly efficient SCO catalysts with well sulfur tolerance for real application.
基金financial support from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)and the Federal University of Ouro PretoFinancial support from the Minas Gerais Research Foundation(FAPEMIG)under grant number APQ-06559-24 is also gratefully acknowledged。
文摘This study investigated forest recovery in the Atlantic Rainforest and Rupestrian Grassland of Brazil using the diffusive-logistic growth(DLG)model.This model simulates vegetation growth in the two mountain biomes considering spatial location,time,and two key parameters:diffusion rate and growth rate.A Bayesian framework is employed to analyze the model's parameters and assess prediction uncertainties.Satellite imagery from 1992 and 2022 was used for model calibration and validation.By solving the DLG model using the finite difference method,we predicted a 6.6%–51.1%increase in vegetation density for the Atlantic Rainforest and a 5.3%–99.9%increase for the Rupestrian Grassland over 30 years,with the latter showing slower recovery but achieving a better model fit(lower RMSE)compared to the Atlantic Rainforest.The Bayesian approach revealed well-defined parameter distributions and lower parameter values for the Rupestrian Grassland,supporting the slower recovery prediction.Importantly,the model achieved good agreement with observed vegetation patterns in unseen validation data for both biomes.While there were minor spatial variations in accuracy,the overall distributions of predicted and observed vegetation density were comparable.Furthermore,this study highlights the importance of considering uncertainty in model predictions.Bayesian inference allowed us to quantify this uncertainty,demonstrating that the model's performance can vary across locations.Our approach provides valuable insights into forest regeneration process uncertainties,enabling comparisons of modeled scenarios at different recovery stages for better decision-making in these critical mountain biomes.
基金Project supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3701600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276162 and 22306072)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731441)Young Talent Fund of Jiaxing Science and Technology Project(2023AY40030)。
文摘In this study,the commonly used Cu or Mn-based low-temperature SCR catalysts were employed to investigate their different reaction behaviors in the presence of high-content water vapor.Experimental results reveal that CuCeTi sample possesses superior water re sistance at low temperature compared with MnCeTi catalyst.Upon the introduction of water vapor,both catalysts exhibit a quick loss in deNOxefficiency,while that is more pronounced on MnCeTi sample.In addition,unlike CuCeTi sample,MnCeTi catalyst also shows a gradual deactivation tendency after initial quick activity loss.Characterization and simulation results indicate that H_(2)O is more easily adsorbed and dissociated on MnCeTi catalyst,showing stronger suppression on NH3adsorption,causing more serious initial deactivation.Furthermore,more abundant hydroxyl groups derived from dissociative adsorption of water on MnCeTi catalyst will lead to more NH4NO3deposition and the decrease in redox capacity.This is the main reason of gradual deactivation of MnCeTi catalyst at high-content water vapor.Such findings could pave a new way for development of highly efficient SCR catalysts with good water resistance for real application.
基金supported by the Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering,Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology.
文摘The steel industry produces many byproducts, requiring extensive land for storage and causing significant environmental contamination. Industrial effluents discharged into water bodies negatively impact both aquatic ecosystems and human health. To solve this problem, this study synthesized a composite of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and steel slag nanocomposites (SSNC) at a 1:2 mass ratio to create a robust photocatalyst for the treatment of synthetic wastewater. The efficacy of this catalyst in degrading various dye pollutants, including methylene blue (MB), was tested under simulated solar light conditions. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the physical and chemical characteristics, crystalline structure, energy gap, and point of zero charge of the composite. The TiO2-SSNC composite catalyst exhibited excellent stability, with a point of zero charge at 8.342 and an energy gap of 2.4 eV. The degradation process conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Optimization of operational parameters was achieved through the response surface methodology. Reusability tests demonstrated that the TiO2-SSNC composite catalyst effectively degraded up to 93.41% of MB in the suspended mode and 92.03% in the coated mode after five cycles. Additionally, the degradation efficiencies for various dyes were significant, highlighting the potential of the composite for broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment. This study also explored the degradation mechanisms and identified byproducts, establishing a pathway for contaminant breakdown. The cost-benefit analysis revealed a total cost of 0.842 8 USD per cubic meter for each treatment activity, indicating low operational and production costs. These findings underscore the promise of the TiO2-SSNC composite as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for wastewater purification.
基金Department of Water Resources of Shaanxi Province of China,No.2023slkj-8National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.51779209。
文摘Studying runoff characteristics and quantifying human activities’impact on northern Shaanxi,a crucial mineral resource area in China,is crucial to alleviate water resource contradictions.In this study,hydrological element trends were analyzed using theβ-z-h three-parameter indication method.The Mann-Kendall,Pettitt,moving T,and Yamamoto methods were used to test the mutation point of hydrological elements.The Budyko framework was used to quantitatively assess the impacts of climate change and multiple human activities on runoff reduction.The results showed that(1):Precipitation(PRE),potential evapotranspiration(E0),and temperature(TEM)showed increasing trends;runoff in the Huangfuchuan,Gushanchuan,Kuye River,Tuwei River,Wuding River,Qingjian River,and Yanhe River catchments showed decreasing trends(HFC,GSC,KYR,TWR,WDR,QJR,YR);whereas runoff in the Jialu River(JLR)catchment showed a“V-shaped”trend from 1980 to2020.(2)Runoff was positively correlated with PRE and negatively correlated with E0and the subsurface index(n),with the elasticity coefficients of PRE,E0,and n showing an increasing trend in the change period.(3)Human activities were a key factor in runoff reduction,although the impact of different human activities showed spatial variations.This study provides a scientific foundation for achieving the sustainable development of water resources in mining areas.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFC3707200 and 2022YFC3704400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52200136,22402220,and 52225004)Hangzhou Qianjiang Distinguished Experts Project.
文摘Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction(NHs-SCR)technology has been employed to eliminate NO_(x) from diesel engine exhaust,with Cu-SSZ-13 serving as the commercial catalyst.The greenhouse gas N_(2)O is produced as a byproduct when using Cu-SSZ-13 as the NH_(3)-SCR catalyst.To achieve synergistic control of pollutants and greenhouse gases in diesel engine exhaust,rational design of Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts is required.In this study,the effect of Brønsted acid sites in Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts on the formation of N_(2)O was investigated.Mild thermal treatmentwas innovatively employed to prepare Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with different amounts of Brønsted acid sites.EPR,H_(2)-TPR,NH_(3)-TPD,NMR were utilized to determine that the Brønsted acid sites were modified while the Cu species remained unchanged.Thereby an accurate assessment of the influence of Brønsted acid sites on N_(2)O formation could be achieved.Our results showed that Cu-SSZ-13 with more Brønsted acid sites produced less N_(2)O during the NH_(3)-SCR reaction.In the low-temperature region,the presence of framework acid sites facilitates the decomposition of the NH_(4)NO_(3)assisted by NO to form N_(2)and H_(2)O,reducing the formation of N_(2)O.In the high-temperature region,the Brønsted acid sites promote the decomposition of NH_(2)NO into N_(2)and H_(2)O.Meanwhile,the N_(2)O-SCR reaction can also be promoted by Brønsted acid sites,thereby decreasing N_(2)O emissions.This study suggests that in the future design and synthesis of Cu-SSZ-13 zeolites,attention should be paid to creating more Brønsted acid sites in Cu-SSZ-13 to reduce N_(2)O emissions.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of South Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(Grant No.2021R1A6A1A03038785,2023R1A2C1003464,RS-2024-00512818 and RS-2023-00240726)。
文摘Solar-driven photocatalysis with charge-transfer modulation is a green approach for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)to generate hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).In this study,we introduced a novel method for synthesizing high-valence Sn^(δ+)in SnS_(2),combined with gC_(3)N_(4)to create gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations exhibited that the interface between SnS_(2)and gC_(3)N_(4)creates interband states through strong hybridization,revealing that photoexcited electrons flowed from C in gC_(3)N_(4)to S in SnS_(2),forming a Z-scheme heterojunction.The optimal gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)-2(2%SnS_(2)loaded)achieved a high H_(2)O_(2)production rate of 7.186 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and an apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 33.8%at 405 nm with isopropanol(IPA),converting 88.8%IPA to acetone in 2 h.The gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)composite improved the charge transfer resistance and elongated the non-radiative electron decay time.Notably,SnS_(2)doping of gC_(3)N_(4)decreased the antibonding orbital occupancy and lowered the energy barrier for O_(2) and OOH^(*)adsorption.In situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)analysis confirmed the generation of OOH^(*)on gC_(3)N_(4)/SnS_(2)during light irradiation.A techno-economic analysis(TEA)was conducted to evaluate the economic viability of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production,revealing that it was not economically feasible owing to challenges in the separation process.This study provides unique perspectives on the approaches to inducing a high valence state of Sn^(δ+)for enhancing photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation and the challenge of commercializing H_(2)O_(2)production via photocatalysis.
基金support provided by Zahedan University of Medical Sciences(Iran),making this study possible(IR.ZAUMS.REC.1401.442).
文摘A MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)coupled with acylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(AMWCNTS)was prepared using an easy one-step modification approach and applied for the visible light-assisted removal of ciprofloxacin(CIP).FT-IR,XRD,VSM,Raman spectrum,FE-SEM,BJH/BET,UV-Vis,and band gap analysis were used to characterize nanocomposites.In terms of CIP removal,the nanocomposites outperformed both AMWCNTS and MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)nanoparticles.At a pH of 7,an initial CIP concentration of 25 mg·L^(-1),a reaction time of 40 min,and a catalyst dose of 0.8 g·L^(-1),all of the CIP was degraded.The ratios of BOD5/COD(5-day biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand)and BOD5/TOC(5-day biological oxygen demand/total organic carbon)at the beginning of the process were 0.22 and 0.71,respectively,and reached 0.755 and 1.21 at the end of the process,which signposts the conversion of non-biodegradable wastewater into biodegradable wastewater.Scavenger studies disclosed that hydroxyl radicals and holes had the greatest effect on the degradation of CIP.The toxicity of the final effluent was also investigated with E.coli bacteria,and the results showed a very good effect of the process in the field of effluent sterilization.Equilibrium data fully followed first-order kinetics,with a reaction rate constant of 0.109 min^(-1).Also,the half-life for the complete degradation of CIP was equal to 6.8 min.The CIP removal efficiency still remained at 9.4%in the five cycles.MnFe_(2)O_(4)@SiO_(2)@NH_(2)@AMWCNTS gave a pronounced potential for eliminating CIP from aqueous environment.
文摘In the past decades, two large scale coastal engineering projects have been carried out in the Deep Bay surrounded by Shenzhen City and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. One project is Shenzhen River channel regulation and the other is the sea reclamation along the seashore on the Shenzhen side. The two projects are very close to the two national nature reserves, specifically Futian in Shenzhen and Mai Po in Hong Kong, which are important wetland ecosystems worldwide. This paper aims to identify and monitor the mangrove wetland changes with time series of Landsat Thematic Mapper images pre and post to the two engineering projects being launched. Coupled analysis of the image interpretation results and tidal data acquired at the same time in the context of the two works reveals that the mangrove wetland area has increased from year 1989 to 1994, and has changed little from year 1994 to 2002. Binary coding is applied to reveal the distribution image of mangrove at each phase, and the coding image shows that the construction of the two coastal engineering projects has caused frequent changes in mangrove spatial distribution. The study also shows that the change is not significant regarding to the precision of the method and the natural evolution of mangrove wetland, and the projects do not cause apparently influences upon the two national mangrove conservation zones at least for the research time period.
文摘This work describes the development,optimisation and validation of an analytical method for the rapid determination of 17 priority pharmaceutical compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Rather than studying compounds from the same therapeutic class,the analyses aimed to determine target compounds with the highest risk potential(with particular regard to Scotland),providing a tool for further monitoring in different water matrices.Prioritisation was based on a systematic environmental risk assessment approach,using consumption data;wastewater treatment removal efficiency;environmental occurrence;toxicological effects;and pre-existing regulatory indicators.This process highlighted 17 compounds across various therapeutic classes,which were then quantified,at environmentally relevant concentrations,by a single analytical methodology.Analytical determination was achieved using a single-step solid phase extraction(SPE)procedure followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The fully optimised method performed well for the majority of target compounds,with recoveries>71%for 15 of 17 analytes.The limits of quantification for most target analytes(14 of 17)ranged from 0.07 ng/L to 1.88 ng/L in river waters.The utility of this method was then demonstrated using real water samples associated with a rural hospital/setting.Eight compounds were targeted and detected,with the highest levels found for the analgesic,paracetamol(at up to 105,910 ng/L in the hospital discharge).This method offers a robust tool to monitor high priority pharmaceutical and EDC levels in various aqueous sample matrices.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 1908085ME165)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Key Foundation (No. 2008085UD07)the Special Funds for the Development of Local Science and Technology from the Central Government in Anhui Province (No. 803214271050)
文摘Semiconductor photocatalytic technology has shown great prospects in converting solar energy into chemical energy to mitigate energy crisis and solve environmental pollution problems.The key issue is the development of high-efficiency photocatalysts.Various strategies in the state-of-the-art advancements,such as heterostructure construction,heteroatom doping,metal/single atom loading,and defect engineering,have been presented for the graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)-based nanocomposite catalysts to design their surface chemical environments and internal electronic structures to make them more suitable for different photocatalytic applications.In this review,nanoarchitecture design,synthesis methods,photochemical properties,potential photocatalytic applications,and related reaction mechanisms of the modified high-efficiency carbon nitride-based photocatalysts were briefly summarized.The superior photocatalytic performance was identified to be associated with the enhanced visible-light response,fast photoinduced electron-hole separation,efficient charge migration,and increased unsaturated active sites.Moreover,the further advance of the visible-light harvesting and solar-to-energy conversions are proposed.
文摘Due to high demand and limited availability of rare earth elements (REEs), Europe is unable to meet its industrial needs, especially High Tech needs, today for the manufacturing sector. Therefore, the EU has included them in the group of 14 critical minerals. China currently controls completely the mining activity, the enrichment technologies and metallurgy, and end-metal products of rare earths, resulting both Europe and the U.S.A. in full industrial dependency. The exploitation and wide use of REEs in fertilizers have led to accumulation of these elements in soils, resulting in an agriculture field pollution, which affects directly the soil microfauna with a toxic potential effect.
