In an academic environment increasingly shaped by metrics and the imperatives of“publish or perish”,it is rare to encounter a leading scientist willing to interweave personal narrative with conceptual reflection.The...In an academic environment increasingly shaped by metrics and the imperatives of“publish or perish”,it is rare to encounter a leading scientist willing to interweave personal narrative with conceptual reflection.The Soul of Geography by Fu(2025)achieves precisely this.The book resists simple categorisation:it is neither a conventional monograph nor a memoir,but rather a hybrid text that integrates autobiography,disciplinary reflection,and scientific arguments.In doing so,Fu articulates not only the trajectory of his own career but also a vision of geography as a discipline of theoretical depth and practical relevance.展开更多
Given the reality of climate-driven migration,the net effectiveness of existing spatially fixed protected areas(PAs)to biodiversity conservation is expected to decline,while the potential of non-PA habitats(non-PAs,i....Given the reality of climate-driven migration,the net effectiveness of existing spatially fixed protected areas(PAs)to biodiversity conservation is expected to decline,while the potential of non-PA habitats(non-PAs,i.e.,natural,altered,or artificial ecosystems that are not formally designated as PAs)for biodiversity conservation is gaining attention.However,the contribution of non-PAs to biodiversity conservation remains poorly understood.With the aim of comprehensively assessing the effectiveness of non-PAs as transient refugia and steppingstones during future climate-change-induced migration of species in China,a six-metric integrated framework was applied and statistics of these metrics for PAs and non-PAs are compared.Results reveal that,a greater area of non-PAs has a low velocity of climate change(VoCC)compared to that of PAs,and can therefore serve as temporary refugia for species.The disappearing climate index(DCI)and novel climate index(NCI)results show that some 17%of the subdivided climate classes within the PAs have changed.However,the displacement index(DI)results imply that nearly half(48.98%)of the PAs need non-PAs to provide transient refugia for climate-driven migration of species in PAs.The higher ratio of effective steppingstones measured using the climate corridor score(CCS)and landscape current flow(LCF)further emphasizes that non-PAs play a more significant role as steppingstones for climate driven migration than do PAs in terms of both their structural and functional connectivity.Our research further demonstrates that a conservation approach that improves connectivity among PAs and considers Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)is essential for long-term biodiversity adaptation to climate change.展开更多
Quantitative characterization of environmental characteristics of cropland(ECC)plays an important role in maintaining sustainable development of agricultural systems and ensuring regional food security. In this study,...Quantitative characterization of environmental characteristics of cropland(ECC)plays an important role in maintaining sustainable development of agricultural systems and ensuring regional food security. In this study, the changes in ECC over the Songnen Plain, a major grain crops production region in Northeast China, were investigated for the period 1990–2015. The results revealed significant changes in climate conditions, soil physical properties and cropland use patterns with socioeconomic activities. Trends in climate parameters showed increasing temperature(+0.49°C/decade, p < 0.05) and decreasing wind speed(–0.3 m/s/decade, p < 0.01) for the growing season, while sunshine hours and precipitation exhibited non-significant trends. Four topsoil parameters including soil organic carbon(SOC), clay, bulk density and pH, indicated deteriorating soil conditions across most of the croplands, although some do exhibited slight improvement. The changing amplitude for each of the four above parameters ranged within –0.052 to 0.029 kg C/kg, –0.38 to 0.30,–0.60 to 0.39 g/cm^3, –3.29 to 2.34, respectively. Crop production significantly increased(44.0 million tons) with increasing sown area of croplands(～2.5 million ha) and fertilizer application(～2.5 million tons). The study reveals the dynamics of ECC in the Songnen Plain with intensive cultivation from 1990 to 2015. Population growth, economic development, and policy reform are shown to strongly influence the spatiotemporal changes in cropland characteristics.The study potentially provides valuable scientific information to support sustainable agroecosystem management in the context of global climate change and national socioeconomic development.展开更多
Residential expansion is gaining more and more attention from government authorities and urban planners.However,most of the current urban models focus heavily on presenting economic,political and ecological objectives...Residential expansion is gaining more and more attention from government authorities and urban planners.However,most of the current urban models focus heavily on presenting economic,political and ecological objectives of urban development,while seldom taking the effects of human behavior into consideration.Multi-agent systems for land use/cover change(MAS/LUCC),which mainly concern the behavioral effects of stakeholders on the processes of land use/cover change,are promising to fill the gap.This article,based on the concepts of MAS/LUCC model,con-structs a multi-agent system for residential expansion model(MAS/RE)through the analysis of the behavior of gov-ernment authorities and households.The model takes complex human actions into account,namely urban master plan-ning,planning review and approval,policies of traffic,economy and environment,location and allocation choices of the households and their interrelationships.Taking Hongshan District of Wuhan City,Hubei Province as an illustration,the model is implemented on Arc/info platform to simulate residential expansion between 1996 and 2002.The study result shows that the model is suitable for understanding the process of residential expansion with the effects of human actions,and is especially effective for its capacity in presenting spatio-temporal and behavioral complexity.Therefore,the model can be a reference for policy-making for government authorities and urban planners.展开更多
The growth of tidal flats off Zhejiang coasts in southwestern China has provided substantial areas for local agriculture and construction activities.To evaluate modern and future development of tidal flats in the regi...The growth of tidal flats off Zhejiang coasts in southwestern China has provided substantial areas for local agriculture and construction activities.To evaluate modern and future development of tidal flats in the region,a good understanding of sediment sources is necessary.Previous research has concluded that the Changjiang(Yangtze)River is the dominant supplier of sediments to this part of the southeast Chinese coast,despite the fact that sediment delivery from this source has been decreased markedly in the past two decades.In this study,we investigated the sources of tidal flat sediments,and the magnetic and geochemical properties of recent tidal flat sediments along the Zhejiang coast were compared with those discharged from rivers.Magnetic and geochemical properties of the tidal flat samples reveal statistically distinct sediment provenance groups.The magnetic and geochemical scatter plots show that the suspended sediment samples are naturally divided into two different groups,one including the Changjiang River and Qiantang River material,and the other including the Jiaojiang,Oujiang,and Feiyun Rivers that located in the central and southern parts of the study areas.At last,a binary source of tidal flat sediments along the Zhejiang coast was determined,with the substantial majority originating from local rivers,while a much smaller proportion emanates from the Changjiang River to the north.We conclude that the sediment contribution of the Changjiang River to tidal flat development in the region has been markedly overestimated,with important implications for management.展开更多
Based on the frequency of themes covered at the 35th International Geographical Congress(IGC)and the 2024 American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting(AAG-AM),we present an integrated analysis of current researc...Based on the frequency of themes covered at the 35th International Geographical Congress(IGC)and the 2024 American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting(AAG-AM),we present an integrated analysis of current research hotspots in geography.The interdisciplinary approach of geography in tackling global challenges,including climate change,urbanization,and sustainable development is highlighted.Hotspot analysis of the 35th IGC reveals the prominence of“Tourism,Leisure,and Global Change,”and“Urban Geography”as key themes,whereas the 2024 AAG-AM placed more emphasis on“GeoAI and Deep Learning,”and“Geospatial Data Science for Sustainability.”Frontier analysis,based on emerging research beyond the two conferences,highlights major critical issues being confronted by geographers,notably Earth’s surface systems,spatial patterns of human activities,intelligent remote sensing,climate change adaptation,biodiversity conservation,hazards and disaster risk,planetary boundaries,coupled human and natural systems,and global and regional sustainability.The analysis demonstrates that geographical research is becoming more diverse and systematic,and artificial intelligence technology is increasingly being harnessed.This not only reflects specific regional interests and priorities but also shows the dynamic development of geographical research and its important role in dealing with the challenges of the 21st century.展开更多
The 2025 International Workshop on Geography and Sustainability,held in Xi'an,China,from 17 to 20 October,convened at a time of intensifying global challenges and renewed efforts to advance sustainable development...The 2025 International Workshop on Geography and Sustainability,held in Xi'an,China,from 17 to 20 October,convened at a time of intensifying global challenges and renewed efforts to advance sustainable development.Under the theme“Geography for Sustainable Development:Interdisciplinary Perspectives”,the event explored innovative approaches to strengthening geography's role in global and regional sustainability.Five key research priorities were identified,viz.integration of geographical methods;integration of geographical processes;integration of geographical regions;Coupled Human and Natural Systems;and regional and global sustainability.The conference featured several important international initiatives:the establishment of the African Chapter of the International Geographical Union Commission on Geography and Sustainability,the launch of Phase II of the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme,and the signing of a cooperative agreement between the Geographical Society of China and the Egyptian Geographical Society.The wider discussions reflected a growing need to further develop integrated geography as a coherent discipline to better understand and respond to complex human natural interactions.It also called for aligning future research priorities with the proposed United Nations Centennial Goals for 2045,and for strengthening South-South collaboration and dryland research networks.These collective efforts aim to expand geography's role in both knowledge and action for sustainability.展开更多
Geography is shifting from static description to a feedback-driven,adaptive discipline integrating sensing,prediction,comparison,and continuous self-improvement.This transformation underlies Intelligent Geography(IG),...Geography is shifting from static description to a feedback-driven,adaptive discipline integrating sensing,prediction,comparison,and continuous self-improvement.This transformation underlies Intelligent Geography(IG),where artificial intelligence(AI),big data analytics,and high-performance computing(HPC)converge to enhance spatial understanding and guide intelligent decisions in complex systems.The discipline's historical stages—descriptive,experimental,theoretical,quantitative,GIScience,and information geography—form the foundation for an overarching adaptive framework.In this framework,diverse geospatial data streams seamlessly feed real-time models whose predicted outputs are compared with observed conditions to iteratively refine predictions.A hallmark of IG is embedding domain theory into AI workflows,producing predictive models that selfadjust to new data or control system behavior.Applications such as smart traffic management,climate-responsive urban planning,and disaster-resilient digital twins illustrate the sensing–prediction–adaptation/learning cycle in practice for complex changing systems.We examine the enabling roles of HPC,deep learning,and geographic large models in implementing feedback loops,and address persistent challenges in data integration,interpretability,and governance.We conclude with a vision of IG as an evolving socio-technical ecosystem that through adaptation and self-learning turns spatial data into adaptive,actionable knowledge that assists in intelligent decision-making,whether it is for AI systems or human ones.展开更多
Although geography's role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is widely recognised,a comprehensive quantitative synthesis of its intellectual contributions has been absent.This study fills that cri...Although geography's role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is widely recognised,a comprehensive quantitative synthesis of its intellectual contributions has been absent.This study fills that critical research gap through a large-scale bibliometric analysis.Drawing from 122 core geography journals(Web of Science,2010–2024),we employed three-level search criteria(SDGs,sustainability and SDG indicators)to identify a final corpus of 70,122 relevant articles.We then combined publication trend analysis,co-citation and collaboration networks,and keyword co-occurrence mapping to systematically delineate research foci,contributions,and future directions.Our findings reveal six major thematic research clusters:(1)climate change impacts and governance;(2)agricultural landscape and environmental sustainability;(3)resilience and adaptive capability in social-ecological systems;(4)land use change and metacoupling impacts;(5)urban growth and transport accessibility;and(6)biodiversity and ecosystem services.The SDG overlap analysis highlights strong linkages among environmental SDGs,while revealing that SDG 1(No Poverty)and SDG 10(Reduced Inequalities)are more isolated.Overall,geography supports the SDGs across four key dimensions:(1)providing spatial data analysis for assessment;(2)conducting regional studies for localisation;(3)applying human-environment interaction research to advance synergies;and(4)strengthening science-policy interface efforts for achievement.To maximise its future impact,this study calls for the geography community to develop a dedicated methodological framework for SDG analysis,proactively contribute to shaping the post-2030 agenda,advance holistic integrated approaches,and prudently harness the power of artificial intelligence to accelerate sustainability transitions.展开更多
The effects of land use changes on poverty vary markedly among geographic regions.While Inner Mongolia has been experiencing significant land use changes during past decades,to date there has been no systematic resear...The effects of land use changes on poverty vary markedly among geographic regions.While Inner Mongolia has been experiencing significant land use changes during past decades,to date there has been no systematic research aimed at understanding how these land use changes affect poverty in the region.This study analyzes spatiotemporal patterns of land use changes in Inner Mongolia from 1980 to 2020 through the application of statistical methods including Correlation Analysis,Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis,and Geographically Weighted Regression to understand how land use changes affect the distribution and dynamics of poverty.We show that five types of land use conversion explain 51% of the variation in poverty levels.Conversions among cultivated land,grassland,and construction land are shown to have dominated the pattern of land use change in Inner Mongolia.From 2000 to 2020,2,208 km^(2)of grassland and 56 km^(2)of water/wetland were converted to builtup land,and 32 km^(2)of water/wetland was converted to woodland,these conversions promoted poverty reduction.Conversely,the conversion of existing cultivated land to grassland and its degradation to unused land(1,754 km^(2)and 156 km^(2),respectively)has constrained progress in alleviating poverty in the region.Accordingly,further mitigation of poverty in Inner Mongolia can be obtained through interventions that conserve remaining cultivated land,while simultaneously facilitating urbanization.Maintaining the dynamic balance between economic growth and environmental protection is key to the development of policies that advance sustainability in this region.Moreover,the methodology used in this study has the potential to be applied to other regions of the world with similar environmental and socioeconomic conditions to support sustainable land use planning in the context of poverty reduction.展开更多
Increased pressure on the earth’s resources has led to what is increasingly referred to as the climate crisis.While a whole range of environmental parameters have been transformed through such pressures,the effect of...Increased pressure on the earth’s resources has led to what is increasingly referred to as the climate crisis.While a whole range of environmental parameters have been transformed through such pressures,the effect of human activities on the climate is symbolic of the nature of the human footprint upon our planet and makes the lack of any coherent political leadership in most countries even more alarming.The discipline of Geography has a distinct advantage in developing a more holistic understanding of global environmental challenges in that it reaches across all the sciences(including social sciences and humanities).Geographical education therefore represents an important vehicle for citizens of all ages to help them understand the complexity of the sustainability goal and what can(and should)be done to achieve a more sustainable future.In this essay,I reflect on three approaches that are available to individuals and communities towards taking the steps to sustainability.The philosophy embodied by the International Year of Global Understanding(IYGU)is suggested as a particularly valuable tool for geography educators.The activities of the International Geographical Union(IGU)offer important opportunities for geographers to learn from each other and promote best practice in geographical education.As‘the science for sustainability’,Geography has an increasingly important role to play in developing the knowledge and the skills to equip future generations with the tools to adapt to and mitigate potentially catastrophic global environmental change.展开更多
The world is changing at an accelerating pace due to increased human exploitation of the earth’s resources and the consequent climate change and biodiversity loss crises.As a transdisciplinary discipline studying the...The world is changing at an accelerating pace due to increased human exploitation of the earth’s resources and the consequent climate change and biodiversity loss crises.As a transdisciplinary discipline studying the coupled human and nature systems and their interactions,Geography has natural advantages to promote sustainable development.With the aim of stimulating sustainable development in the Anthropocene,the International Geography and Sustainability Workshop 2021 was held virtually during 23-24 November 2021.This editorial briefly reviews the development history of Geography,summarizes the presentations of keynote speakers,outlines the overall research framework,and discusses the future directions by which the discipline of Geography can be harnessed to advance sustainable development.The key outcomes are as follows:(1)The research paradigms of Geography are shifting from basic knowledge acquisition to understanding of coupling patterns and processes,and to the simulation and prediction of complex human-earth systems;(2)Landscape sustainability science and the metacoupling concept are emerging as new comprehensive research perspectives,and the framework of“Pattern—Process—Service—Sustainability”can be used as a basis to underpin Geography’s role in sustainability;(3)Geography can support sustainable development in many ways,such as in agricultural development,disaster and risk monitoring and early warning,global climate change mitigation,and in helping to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Future research directions include:integrated geographical research on climate change and sustainable resource utilization;integrated geographical research on social and economic sustainable development;sustainable cascades of ecosystem structure,functions,services,and human well-being;metacoupling for sustainability;safe and justice space boundaries;the classification-coordination-collaboration approach;and geographical education for sustainable development.展开更多
The critical challenge of ongoing climate warming is resulting in glacier melting globally,a process accompanied by the formation of substantial glacier forelands.This phenomenon emerges as a pivotal area of study,esp...The critical challenge of ongoing climate warming is resulting in glacier melting globally,a process accompanied by the formation of substantial glacier forelands.This phenomenon emerges as a pivotal area of study,especially in the Tibetan Plateau(TP),known as the Third Pole and the Asian Water Tower.In particular,the rapid retreat of temperate glaciers in the southeastern TP has led to the formation of expansive glacier forelands.These forelands are not merely evidence of climate shifts but are also key areas for transformative carbon dynamics.Moreover,the newly exposed land surface actively adjusts the balance of dissolved organic carbon,especially in meltwater,and influences the release of greenhouse gases from a range of sources including glacial lakes,subglacial sediments,and supraglacial/proglacial rivers.These processes play a crucial role in the dynamics of atmospheric carbon dioxide.Drawing from our intensive and detailed observations over several years,this perspective not only emphasizes the importance of the underexplored impact of glacier forelands on carbon cycles but also opens a window into understanding potential future trajectories in a warming world.展开更多
Coastal wetlands are important blue carbon ecosystems that play a significant role in the global carbon cycle.However,there is insufficient understanding of the variations in soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks and the mec...Coastal wetlands are important blue carbon ecosystems that play a significant role in the global carbon cycle.However,there is insufficient understanding of the variations in soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks and the mechanisms driving these ecosystems.Here we analyze a comprehensive multi-source dataset of SOC in topsoil(0e20 cm)and subsoil(20e100 cm)across 31 coastal wetlands in China to identify the factors influencing their distribution.Structural equation models(SEMs)reveal that hydrology has the greatest overall effect on SOC in both soil layers,followed by vegetation,soil properties,and climate.Notably,the mechanisms driving SOC density differ between the two layers.In topsoil,vegetation type and productivity directly impact carbon density as primary sources of carbon input,while hydrology,primarily through seawater salinity,exerts the largest indirect influence.Conversely,in subsoil,hydrology has the strongest direct effect on SOC,with seawater salinity also influencing SOC indirectly through soil and vegetation mediation.Soil properties,particularly pH,negatively affect carbon accumulation,while climate influences SOC indirectly via its effects on vegetation and soil,with a diminishing impact at greater depths.Using Random Forest,we generate high-resolution maps(90 m90 m)of topsoil and subsoil carbon density(R2 of 0.53 and 0.62,respectively),providing the most detailed spatial distribution of SOC in Chinese coastal wetlands to date.Based on these maps,we estimate that SOC storage to a depth of 1 m in Chinese coastal wetlands totals 74.58±3.85 Tg C,with subsoil carbon storage being 2.5 times greater than that in topsoil.These findings provide important insights into mechanism on driving spatial pattern of blue carbon and effective ways to assess carbon status on a national scale,thus contributing to the advancement of global blue carbon monitoring and management.展开更多
Lingding Bay(LDB),on the Pearl River Delta(PRD)of southern China,is a typical example of a large river mouth that is strongly affected by anthropogenic perturbations that have changed the boundary conditions of hydro-...Lingding Bay(LDB),on the Pearl River Delta(PRD)of southern China,is a typical example of a large river mouth that is strongly affected by anthropogenic perturbations that have changed the boundary conditions of hydro-and sediment dynamic processes.An analysis of recent sedimentary patterns can shed light on the role of anthropogenic impacts on delta evolution.In this study,we collected surficial sediments from the LDB in December 2016(dry season)and August 2017(flood season)to analyze their grain size and organic geochemical compositions,with the aim of investigating recent depositional patterns in the bay and evaluating human impacts.The results reveal two major mud depocenters in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the bay,which are characterized by high values of grain-size end member 1(EM1)and increased contributions of terrestrial organic carbon in the flood season.We propose that this sedimentary pattern is a manifestation of a system regime shift due to the strengthening of the fluvial function in fluvial-tide interactions and associated changes in the suspended sediment dispersal routine.We suggest that these changes are a result of recently intensified human activities,such as coastal land reclamation and sand mining.Coarsening of the surficial sediments in the LDB in the dry season and a marked increase in the terrestrial organic contribution at the mouth of the LDB indicates the redistribution of fine-grained sediments by waves and currents and increased mud export from the LDB in response to the shallowing of the bay.展开更多
Sustainable urbanization in the Global South demands a comprehensive understanding of the intricate urban-rural relations in the face of rapid transformation.Traditional dichotomous urban-rural classification fails to...Sustainable urbanization in the Global South demands a comprehensive understanding of the intricate urban-rural relations in the face of rapid transformation.Traditional dichotomous urban-rural classification fails to thoroughly capture the convoluted interactions within the increasingly complex urbanizing landscape.Here,we reconstruct the urban-rural relationship in China by employing high-resolution satellite land-cover data in an urban-rural catchment area(URCA)framework to redefine urban-rural boundaries and quantify fine-grained connectivity.We categorize land areas into urban centers,peri-urban regions,rural areas,and hinterlands,revealing their respective population distributions in 2018.Our findings show significant spatial disparities in China’s urban-rural relations due to transitioning from a predominantly rural to an urbanizing nation.The study also highlights substantial supply-demand inconsistencies in public infrastructure and fiscal preferences,exacerbating social expenditure gaps among municipal levels within the URCA.Our research contributes to understanding geographic social integration in urban-rural relations,which is important to promoting social justice and mitigating inequalities associated with China’s urbanization in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).展开更多
Rice production in China’s coastal areas is frequently affected by typhoons,since the associated severe storms,with heavy rain and the strong winds,lead directly to the rice plants becoming flooded or lodged.Long-ter...Rice production in China’s coastal areas is frequently affected by typhoons,since the associated severe storms,with heavy rain and the strong winds,lead directly to the rice plants becoming flooded or lodged.Long-term flooding and lodging can cause a substantial reduction in rice yield or even destroy the harvest completely.It is therefore urgent to obtain accurate information about paddy rice flooding and lodging as soon as possible after the passing of the storm.This paper proposes a workflow in Google Earth Engine(GEE)for mapping the flooding and lodging area of paddy rice in Wenzhou City,Zhejiang,following super typhoon Maria(Typhoon No.8 in 2018).First,paddy rice in the study area was detected by multi-temporal Sentinel-1 backscatter data combined with Sentinel-2-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)using the Random Forests(RFs)algorithm.High classification accuracies were achieved,whereby rice detection accuracy was calculated at 95%(VH+NDVI-based)and 87%(VV+NDVI-bastd).Secondly,Change Detection(CD)based Rice Normalized Difference Flooded Index(RNDFI)and Rice Normalized Difference Lodged Index(RNDLI)were proposed to detect flooding and lodged paddy rice.Both RNDFI and RNDLI were tested based on four different remote sensing data sets,including the Sentinel-1-derived VV and VH backscattering coefficient,Sentinel-2-derived NDVI and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI).Overall agreement regarding detected area between the each two different data sets was obtained,with values of 79%to 93%in flood detection and 64%to 88%in lodging detection.The resulting flooded and lodged paddy rice maps have potential to reinforce disaster emergency assessment systems and provide an important resource for disaster reduction and emergency departments.展开更多
The novel coronavirus disease,named COVID-19,emerged in China in December 2019[1].In the early phases of the outbreak in Wuhan City,timely and effective control measures to prevent COVID-19 spread were delayed for sev...The novel coronavirus disease,named COVID-19,emerged in China in December 2019[1].In the early phases of the outbreak in Wuhan City,timely and effective control measures to prevent COVID-19 spread were delayed for several reasons,including lack of knowledge and vigilance regarding the new disease,insufficient or inefficient detection tools.However,the adoption by Chinese authorities of a systematic approach to the disease has resulted in the number of recoveries per day,since February 18th,2020,exceeding the number of newly confirmed cases,and the cumulative number of patients cured exceeded the remaining confirmed cases on February 28th,2020(http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqtb/list_gzbd).展开更多
This study of vegetation dynamics in the coastal region of Tanzania provides a fundamental basis to better understand the nature of the factors that underlie observed changes.The Tanzanian coast,rich in biodiversity,i...This study of vegetation dynamics in the coastal region of Tanzania provides a fundamental basis to better understand the nature of the factors that underlie observed changes.The Tanzanian coast,rich in biodiversity,is economically and environmentally important although the understanding of the nature and causes of vegetation change is very limited.This paper presents an investigation of the relationship between vegetation dynamics in response to climate variations and human activities using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS),Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),meteorological,and Globeland30 Landsat data sets.Spatio-temporal trends and the relationship of NDVI to selected meteorological variables were statistically analyzed for the period 2000-2018 using the Mann-Kendall test and Pearson correlation respectively.The results reveal a significant positive trend in temperature(/?>0,Z=2.87)and a non-significant trend in precipitation(|Z|<1.96).A positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation is observed.Coastal Tanzania has therefore experienced increased temperatures and variable moisture conditions which threaten natural vegetation and ecosystems at large.Classified land cover maps obtained from GlobeLand30 were analyzed to identify the nature and scale of human impact on the land.The analysis of land use and land cover in the region reveals an increase in cultivated land,shrubland,grassland,built-up land and bare land,while forests,wetland and water all decreased between 2000 and 2020.The decrease in forest vegetation is attributable to the fact that most livelihoods in the region are dependent on agriculture and harvesting of forest products(firewood,timber,charcoal).The findings of this study highlight the need for appropriate land-use planning and sustainable utilization of forest resources.展开更多
文摘In an academic environment increasingly shaped by metrics and the imperatives of“publish or perish”,it is rare to encounter a leading scientist willing to interweave personal narrative with conceptual reflection.The Soul of Geography by Fu(2025)achieves precisely this.The book resists simple categorisation:it is neither a conventional monograph nor a memoir,but rather a hybrid text that integrates autobiography,disciplinary reflection,and scientific arguments.In doing so,Fu articulates not only the trajectory of his own career but also a vision of geography as a discipline of theoretical depth and practical relevance.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grants No.2022YFC3802604,2022YFF1303102)the Global Engagement for Strategic Partnership project of Nanjing University.
文摘Given the reality of climate-driven migration,the net effectiveness of existing spatially fixed protected areas(PAs)to biodiversity conservation is expected to decline,while the potential of non-PA habitats(non-PAs,i.e.,natural,altered,or artificial ecosystems that are not formally designated as PAs)for biodiversity conservation is gaining attention.However,the contribution of non-PAs to biodiversity conservation remains poorly understood.With the aim of comprehensively assessing the effectiveness of non-PAs as transient refugia and steppingstones during future climate-change-induced migration of species in China,a six-metric integrated framework was applied and statistics of these metrics for PAs and non-PAs are compared.Results reveal that,a greater area of non-PAs has a low velocity of climate change(VoCC)compared to that of PAs,and can therefore serve as temporary refugia for species.The disappearing climate index(DCI)and novel climate index(NCI)results show that some 17%of the subdivided climate classes within the PAs have changed.However,the displacement index(DI)results imply that nearly half(48.98%)of the PAs need non-PAs to provide transient refugia for climate-driven migration of species in PAs.The higher ratio of effective steppingstones measured using the climate corridor score(CCS)and landscape current flow(LCF)further emphasizes that non-PAs play a more significant role as steppingstones for climate driven migration than do PAs in terms of both their structural and functional connectivity.Our research further demonstrates that a conservation approach that improves connectivity among PAs and considers Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)is essential for long-term biodiversity adaptation to climate change.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41571410,No.41571199,No.41401589
文摘Quantitative characterization of environmental characteristics of cropland(ECC)plays an important role in maintaining sustainable development of agricultural systems and ensuring regional food security. In this study, the changes in ECC over the Songnen Plain, a major grain crops production region in Northeast China, were investigated for the period 1990–2015. The results revealed significant changes in climate conditions, soil physical properties and cropland use patterns with socioeconomic activities. Trends in climate parameters showed increasing temperature(+0.49°C/decade, p < 0.05) and decreasing wind speed(–0.3 m/s/decade, p < 0.01) for the growing season, while sunshine hours and precipitation exhibited non-significant trends. Four topsoil parameters including soil organic carbon(SOC), clay, bulk density and pH, indicated deteriorating soil conditions across most of the croplands, although some do exhibited slight improvement. The changing amplitude for each of the four above parameters ranged within –0.052 to 0.029 kg C/kg, –0.38 to 0.30,–0.60 to 0.39 g/cm^3, –3.29 to 2.34, respectively. Crop production significantly increased(44.0 million tons) with increasing sown area of croplands(～2.5 million ha) and fertilizer application(～2.5 million tons). The study reveals the dynamics of ECC in the Songnen Plain with intensive cultivation from 1990 to 2015. Population growth, economic development, and policy reform are shown to strongly influence the spatiotemporal changes in cropland characteristics.The study potentially provides valuable scientific information to support sustainable agroecosystem management in the context of global climate change and national socioeconomic development.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40435013)
文摘Residential expansion is gaining more and more attention from government authorities and urban planners.However,most of the current urban models focus heavily on presenting economic,political and ecological objectives of urban development,while seldom taking the effects of human behavior into consideration.Multi-agent systems for land use/cover change(MAS/LUCC),which mainly concern the behavioral effects of stakeholders on the processes of land use/cover change,are promising to fill the gap.This article,based on the concepts of MAS/LUCC model,con-structs a multi-agent system for residential expansion model(MAS/RE)through the analysis of the behavior of gov-ernment authorities and households.The model takes complex human actions into account,namely urban master plan-ning,planning review and approval,policies of traffic,economy and environment,location and allocation choices of the households and their interrelationships.Taking Hongshan District of Wuhan City,Hubei Province as an illustration,the model is implemented on Arc/info platform to simulate residential expansion between 1996 and 2002.The study result shows that the model is suitable for understanding the process of residential expansion with the effects of human actions,and is especially effective for its capacity in presenting spatio-temporal and behavioral complexity.Therefore,the model can be a reference for policy-making for government authorities and urban planners.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LY20D040001)the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China。
文摘The growth of tidal flats off Zhejiang coasts in southwestern China has provided substantial areas for local agriculture and construction activities.To evaluate modern and future development of tidal flats in the region,a good understanding of sediment sources is necessary.Previous research has concluded that the Changjiang(Yangtze)River is the dominant supplier of sediments to this part of the southeast Chinese coast,despite the fact that sediment delivery from this source has been decreased markedly in the past two decades.In this study,we investigated the sources of tidal flat sediments,and the magnetic and geochemical properties of recent tidal flat sediments along the Zhejiang coast were compared with those discharged from rivers.Magnetic and geochemical properties of the tidal flat samples reveal statistically distinct sediment provenance groups.The magnetic and geochemical scatter plots show that the suspended sediment samples are naturally divided into two different groups,one including the Changjiang River and Qiantang River material,and the other including the Jiaojiang,Oujiang,and Feiyun Rivers that located in the central and southern parts of the study areas.At last,a binary source of tidal flat sediments along the Zhejiang coast was determined,with the substantial majority originating from local rivers,while a much smaller proportion emanates from the Changjiang River to the north.We conclude that the sediment contribution of the Changjiang River to tidal flat development in the region has been markedly overestimated,with important implications for management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42430505,42201299)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2023QNRC001).
文摘Based on the frequency of themes covered at the 35th International Geographical Congress(IGC)and the 2024 American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting(AAG-AM),we present an integrated analysis of current research hotspots in geography.The interdisciplinary approach of geography in tackling global challenges,including climate change,urbanization,and sustainable development is highlighted.Hotspot analysis of the 35th IGC reveals the prominence of“Tourism,Leisure,and Global Change,”and“Urban Geography”as key themes,whereas the 2024 AAG-AM placed more emphasis on“GeoAI and Deep Learning,”and“Geospatial Data Science for Sustainability.”Frontier analysis,based on emerging research beyond the two conferences,highlights major critical issues being confronted by geographers,notably Earth’s surface systems,spatial patterns of human activities,intelligent remote sensing,climate change adaptation,biodiversity conservation,hazards and disaster risk,planetary boundaries,coupled human and natural systems,and global and regional sustainability.The analysis demonstrates that geographical research is becoming more diverse and systematic,and artificial intelligence technology is increasingly being harnessed.This not only reflects specific regional interests and priorities but also shows the dynamic development of geographical research and its important role in dealing with the challenges of the 21st century.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.W2412144)the 111 project+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chinafinancial support from the Jiangsu Provincial Government Overseas Talent 100 Plan,SBX2021010183。
文摘The 2025 International Workshop on Geography and Sustainability,held in Xi'an,China,from 17 to 20 October,convened at a time of intensifying global challenges and renewed efforts to advance sustainable development.Under the theme“Geography for Sustainable Development:Interdisciplinary Perspectives”,the event explored innovative approaches to strengthening geography's role in global and regional sustainability.Five key research priorities were identified,viz.integration of geographical methods;integration of geographical processes;integration of geographical regions;Coupled Human and Natural Systems;and regional and global sustainability.The conference featured several important international initiatives:the establishment of the African Chapter of the International Geographical Union Commission on Geography and Sustainability,the launch of Phase II of the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme,and the signing of a cooperative agreement between the Geographical Society of China and the Egyptian Geographical Society.The wider discussions reflected a growing need to further develop integrated geography as a coherent discipline to better understand and respond to complex human natural interactions.It also called for aligning future research priorities with the proposed United Nations Centennial Goals for 2045,and for strengthening South-South collaboration and dryland research networks.These collective efforts aim to expand geography's role in both knowledge and action for sustainability.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0740300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42476195)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2023060)。
文摘Geography is shifting from static description to a feedback-driven,adaptive discipline integrating sensing,prediction,comparison,and continuous self-improvement.This transformation underlies Intelligent Geography(IG),where artificial intelligence(AI),big data analytics,and high-performance computing(HPC)converge to enhance spatial understanding and guide intelligent decisions in complex systems.The discipline's historical stages—descriptive,experimental,theoretical,quantitative,GIScience,and information geography—form the foundation for an overarching adaptive framework.In this framework,diverse geospatial data streams seamlessly feed real-time models whose predicted outputs are compared with observed conditions to iteratively refine predictions.A hallmark of IG is embedding domain theory into AI workflows,producing predictive models that selfadjust to new data or control system behavior.Applications such as smart traffic management,climate-responsive urban planning,and disaster-resilient digital twins illustrate the sensing–prediction–adaptation/learning cycle in practice for complex changing systems.We examine the enabling roles of HPC,deep learning,and geographic large models in implementing feedback loops,and address persistent challenges in data integration,interpretability,and governance.We conclude with a vision of IG as an evolving socio-technical ecosystem that through adaptation and self-learning turns spatial data into adaptive,actionable knowledge that assists in intelligent decision-making,whether it is for AI systems or human ones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.W2412144 and 42271292)the 111 project+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chinafinancial support from the Jiangsu Provincial Government Overseas Talent 100 Plan,SBX2021010183。
文摘Although geography's role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is widely recognised,a comprehensive quantitative synthesis of its intellectual contributions has been absent.This study fills that critical research gap through a large-scale bibliometric analysis.Drawing from 122 core geography journals(Web of Science,2010–2024),we employed three-level search criteria(SDGs,sustainability and SDG indicators)to identify a final corpus of 70,122 relevant articles.We then combined publication trend analysis,co-citation and collaboration networks,and keyword co-occurrence mapping to systematically delineate research foci,contributions,and future directions.Our findings reveal six major thematic research clusters:(1)climate change impacts and governance;(2)agricultural landscape and environmental sustainability;(3)resilience and adaptive capability in social-ecological systems;(4)land use change and metacoupling impacts;(5)urban growth and transport accessibility;and(6)biodiversity and ecosystem services.The SDG overlap analysis highlights strong linkages among environmental SDGs,while revealing that SDG 1(No Poverty)and SDG 10(Reduced Inequalities)are more isolated.Overall,geography supports the SDGs across four key dimensions:(1)providing spatial data analysis for assessment;(2)conducting regional studies for localisation;(3)applying human-environment interaction research to advance synergies;and(4)strengthening science-policy interface efforts for achievement.To maximise its future impact,this study calls for the geography community to develop a dedicated methodological framework for SDG analysis,proactively contribute to shaping the post-2030 agenda,advance holistic integrated approaches,and prudently harness the power of artificial intelligence to accelerate sustainability transitions.
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71921003)the National Social Science Fund of China-Major Project(Grant No.23&ZD099)。
文摘The effects of land use changes on poverty vary markedly among geographic regions.While Inner Mongolia has been experiencing significant land use changes during past decades,to date there has been no systematic research aimed at understanding how these land use changes affect poverty in the region.This study analyzes spatiotemporal patterns of land use changes in Inner Mongolia from 1980 to 2020 through the application of statistical methods including Correlation Analysis,Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis,and Geographically Weighted Regression to understand how land use changes affect the distribution and dynamics of poverty.We show that five types of land use conversion explain 51% of the variation in poverty levels.Conversions among cultivated land,grassland,and construction land are shown to have dominated the pattern of land use change in Inner Mongolia.From 2000 to 2020,2,208 km^(2)of grassland and 56 km^(2)of water/wetland were converted to builtup land,and 32 km^(2)of water/wetland was converted to woodland,these conversions promoted poverty reduction.Conversely,the conversion of existing cultivated land to grassland and its degradation to unused land(1,754 km^(2)and 156 km^(2),respectively)has constrained progress in alleviating poverty in the region.Accordingly,further mitigation of poverty in Inner Mongolia can be obtained through interventions that conserve remaining cultivated land,while simultaneously facilitating urbanization.Maintaining the dynamic balance between economic growth and environmental protection is key to the development of policies that advance sustainability in this region.Moreover,the methodology used in this study has the potential to be applied to other regions of the world with similar environmental and socioeconomic conditions to support sustainable land use planning in the context of poverty reduction.
文摘Increased pressure on the earth’s resources has led to what is increasingly referred to as the climate crisis.While a whole range of environmental parameters have been transformed through such pressures,the effect of human activities on the climate is symbolic of the nature of the human footprint upon our planet and makes the lack of any coherent political leadership in most countries even more alarming.The discipline of Geography has a distinct advantage in developing a more holistic understanding of global environmental challenges in that it reaches across all the sciences(including social sciences and humanities).Geographical education therefore represents an important vehicle for citizens of all ages to help them understand the complexity of the sustainability goal and what can(and should)be done to achieve a more sustainable future.In this essay,I reflect on three approaches that are available to individuals and communities towards taking the steps to sustainability.The philosophy embodied by the International Year of Global Understanding(IYGU)is suggested as a particularly valuable tool for geography educators.The activities of the International Geographical Union(IGU)offer important opportunities for geographers to learn from each other and promote best practice in geographical education.As‘the science for sustainability’,Geography has an increasingly important role to play in developing the knowledge and the skills to equip future generations with the tools to adapt to and mitigate potentially catastrophic global environmental change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42042026,L1924041)Research Project on the Discipline Development Strategy of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XK2019DXC006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘The world is changing at an accelerating pace due to increased human exploitation of the earth’s resources and the consequent climate change and biodiversity loss crises.As a transdisciplinary discipline studying the coupled human and nature systems and their interactions,Geography has natural advantages to promote sustainable development.With the aim of stimulating sustainable development in the Anthropocene,the International Geography and Sustainability Workshop 2021 was held virtually during 23-24 November 2021.This editorial briefly reviews the development history of Geography,summarizes the presentations of keynote speakers,outlines the overall research framework,and discusses the future directions by which the discipline of Geography can be harnessed to advance sustainable development.The key outcomes are as follows:(1)The research paradigms of Geography are shifting from basic knowledge acquisition to understanding of coupling patterns and processes,and to the simulation and prediction of complex human-earth systems;(2)Landscape sustainability science and the metacoupling concept are emerging as new comprehensive research perspectives,and the framework of“Pattern—Process—Service—Sustainability”can be used as a basis to underpin Geography’s role in sustainability;(3)Geography can support sustainable development in many ways,such as in agricultural development,disaster and risk monitoring and early warning,global climate change mitigation,and in helping to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Future research directions include:integrated geographical research on climate change and sustainable resource utilization;integrated geographical research on social and economic sustainable development;sustainable cascades of ecosystem structure,functions,services,and human well-being;metacoupling for sustainability;safe and justice space boundaries;the classification-coordination-collaboration approach;and geographical education for sustainable development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42322105,42271132)Outstanding Youth Fund of Gansu Province(23JRRA612).
文摘The critical challenge of ongoing climate warming is resulting in glacier melting globally,a process accompanied by the formation of substantial glacier forelands.This phenomenon emerges as a pivotal area of study,especially in the Tibetan Plateau(TP),known as the Third Pole and the Asian Water Tower.In particular,the rapid retreat of temperate glaciers in the southeastern TP has led to the formation of expansive glacier forelands.These forelands are not merely evidence of climate shifts but are also key areas for transformative carbon dynamics.Moreover,the newly exposed land surface actively adjusts the balance of dissolved organic carbon,especially in meltwater,and influences the release of greenhouse gases from a range of sources including glacial lakes,subglacial sediments,and supraglacial/proglacial rivers.These processes play a crucial role in the dynamics of atmospheric carbon dioxide.Drawing from our intensive and detailed observations over several years,this perspective not only emphasizes the importance of the underexplored impact of glacier forelands on carbon cycles but also opens a window into understanding potential future trajectories in a warming world.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program Plan(Grant No.2022YFC3800802)the Special Fund of Jiangsu Province Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral Technology Innovation(Grant No.BK20220037)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.0209-14380115)grant from State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System.
文摘Coastal wetlands are important blue carbon ecosystems that play a significant role in the global carbon cycle.However,there is insufficient understanding of the variations in soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks and the mechanisms driving these ecosystems.Here we analyze a comprehensive multi-source dataset of SOC in topsoil(0e20 cm)and subsoil(20e100 cm)across 31 coastal wetlands in China to identify the factors influencing their distribution.Structural equation models(SEMs)reveal that hydrology has the greatest overall effect on SOC in both soil layers,followed by vegetation,soil properties,and climate.Notably,the mechanisms driving SOC density differ between the two layers.In topsoil,vegetation type and productivity directly impact carbon density as primary sources of carbon input,while hydrology,primarily through seawater salinity,exerts the largest indirect influence.Conversely,in subsoil,hydrology has the strongest direct effect on SOC,with seawater salinity also influencing SOC indirectly through soil and vegetation mediation.Soil properties,particularly pH,negatively affect carbon accumulation,while climate influences SOC indirectly via its effects on vegetation and soil,with a diminishing impact at greater depths.Using Random Forest,we generate high-resolution maps(90 m90 m)of topsoil and subsoil carbon density(R2 of 0.53 and 0.62,respectively),providing the most detailed spatial distribution of SOC in Chinese coastal wetlands to date.Based on these maps,we estimate that SOC storage to a depth of 1 m in Chinese coastal wetlands totals 74.58±3.85 Tg C,with subsoil carbon storage being 2.5 times greater than that in topsoil.These findings provide important insights into mechanism on driving spatial pattern of blue carbon and effective ways to assess carbon status on a national scale,thus contributing to the advancement of global blue carbon monitoring and management.
基金supported by the National Key Research Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0402600).
文摘Lingding Bay(LDB),on the Pearl River Delta(PRD)of southern China,is a typical example of a large river mouth that is strongly affected by anthropogenic perturbations that have changed the boundary conditions of hydro-and sediment dynamic processes.An analysis of recent sedimentary patterns can shed light on the role of anthropogenic impacts on delta evolution.In this study,we collected surficial sediments from the LDB in December 2016(dry season)and August 2017(flood season)to analyze their grain size and organic geochemical compositions,with the aim of investigating recent depositional patterns in the bay and evaluating human impacts.The results reveal two major mud depocenters in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the bay,which are characterized by high values of grain-size end member 1(EM1)and increased contributions of terrestrial organic carbon in the flood season.We propose that this sedimentary pattern is a manifestation of a system regime shift due to the strengthening of the fluvial function in fluvial-tide interactions and associated changes in the suspended sediment dispersal routine.We suggest that these changes are a result of recently intensified human activities,such as coastal land reclamation and sand mining.Coarsening of the surficial sediments in the LDB in the dry season and a marked increase in the terrestrial organic contribution at the mouth of the LDB indicates the redistribution of fine-grained sediments by waves and currents and increased mud export from the LDB in response to the shallowing of the bay.
基金supported by the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42121001)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42293270)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171204)the Jiangsu Provincial Government Overseas Talent 100 Plan(SBX2021010183).
文摘Sustainable urbanization in the Global South demands a comprehensive understanding of the intricate urban-rural relations in the face of rapid transformation.Traditional dichotomous urban-rural classification fails to thoroughly capture the convoluted interactions within the increasingly complex urbanizing landscape.Here,we reconstruct the urban-rural relationship in China by employing high-resolution satellite land-cover data in an urban-rural catchment area(URCA)framework to redefine urban-rural boundaries and quantify fine-grained connectivity.We categorize land areas into urban centers,peri-urban regions,rural areas,and hinterlands,revealing their respective population distributions in 2018.Our findings show significant spatial disparities in China’s urban-rural relations due to transitioning from a predominantly rural to an urbanizing nation.The study also highlights substantial supply-demand inconsistencies in public infrastructure and fiscal preferences,exacerbating social expenditure gaps among municipal levels within the URCA.Our research contributes to understanding geographic social integration in urban-rural relations,which is important to promoting social justice and mitigating inequalities associated with China’s urbanization in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).
基金This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2015CB452806),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41271055)the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program(No.G2014070402)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.17DZ1205300).The computation was supported by the ECNU Multifunctional Platform for Innovation(001).Prof.Jiong Shu is thanked for many valuable suggestions in the revision of the manuscript.
文摘Rice production in China’s coastal areas is frequently affected by typhoons,since the associated severe storms,with heavy rain and the strong winds,lead directly to the rice plants becoming flooded or lodged.Long-term flooding and lodging can cause a substantial reduction in rice yield or even destroy the harvest completely.It is therefore urgent to obtain accurate information about paddy rice flooding and lodging as soon as possible after the passing of the storm.This paper proposes a workflow in Google Earth Engine(GEE)for mapping the flooding and lodging area of paddy rice in Wenzhou City,Zhejiang,following super typhoon Maria(Typhoon No.8 in 2018).First,paddy rice in the study area was detected by multi-temporal Sentinel-1 backscatter data combined with Sentinel-2-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)using the Random Forests(RFs)algorithm.High classification accuracies were achieved,whereby rice detection accuracy was calculated at 95%(VH+NDVI-based)and 87%(VV+NDVI-bastd).Secondly,Change Detection(CD)based Rice Normalized Difference Flooded Index(RNDFI)and Rice Normalized Difference Lodged Index(RNDLI)were proposed to detect flooding and lodged paddy rice.Both RNDFI and RNDLI were tested based on four different remote sensing data sets,including the Sentinel-1-derived VV and VH backscattering coefficient,Sentinel-2-derived NDVI and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI).Overall agreement regarding detected area between the each two different data sets was obtained,with values of 79%to 93%in flood detection and 64%to 88%in lodging detection.The resulting flooded and lodged paddy rice maps have potential to reinforce disaster emergency assessment systems and provide an important resource for disaster reduction and emergency departments.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFA0604700)the Science-based Advisory Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO-SBA-2020-01).
文摘The novel coronavirus disease,named COVID-19,emerged in China in December 2019[1].In the early phases of the outbreak in Wuhan City,timely and effective control measures to prevent COVID-19 spread were delayed for several reasons,including lack of knowledge and vigilance regarding the new disease,insufficient or inefficient detection tools.However,the adoption by Chinese authorities of a systematic approach to the disease has resulted in the number of recoveries per day,since February 18th,2020,exceeding the number of newly confirmed cases,and the cumulative number of patients cured exceeded the remaining confirmed cases on February 28th,2020(http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqtb/list_gzbd).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41476151)“China-Africa Universities 20+20 Cooperation Plan”by the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘This study of vegetation dynamics in the coastal region of Tanzania provides a fundamental basis to better understand the nature of the factors that underlie observed changes.The Tanzanian coast,rich in biodiversity,is economically and environmentally important although the understanding of the nature and causes of vegetation change is very limited.This paper presents an investigation of the relationship between vegetation dynamics in response to climate variations and human activities using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS),Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),meteorological,and Globeland30 Landsat data sets.Spatio-temporal trends and the relationship of NDVI to selected meteorological variables were statistically analyzed for the period 2000-2018 using the Mann-Kendall test and Pearson correlation respectively.The results reveal a significant positive trend in temperature(/?>0,Z=2.87)and a non-significant trend in precipitation(|Z|<1.96).A positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation is observed.Coastal Tanzania has therefore experienced increased temperatures and variable moisture conditions which threaten natural vegetation and ecosystems at large.Classified land cover maps obtained from GlobeLand30 were analyzed to identify the nature and scale of human impact on the land.The analysis of land use and land cover in the region reveals an increase in cultivated land,shrubland,grassland,built-up land and bare land,while forests,wetland and water all decreased between 2000 and 2020.The decrease in forest vegetation is attributable to the fact that most livelihoods in the region are dependent on agriculture and harvesting of forest products(firewood,timber,charcoal).The findings of this study highlight the need for appropriate land-use planning and sustainable utilization of forest resources.
