GANSim is a generative adversarial networks(GANs)-based geomodelling framework with direct conditioning capabilities.To extend GANSim for geomodelling of multi-scenario and non-stationary reservoirs,and to address its...GANSim is a generative adversarial networks(GANs)-based geomodelling framework with direct conditioning capabilities.To extend GANSim for geomodelling of multi-scenario and non-stationary reservoirs,and to address its tendency to overlook single-pixel well facies conditioning data that can cause local facies disconnections around wells,an enhanced GANSim framework is proposed.The effectiveness of the enhanced GANSim is validated using a 3D multi-scenario,non-stationary turbidite fan reservoir.For reservoirs that may involve multiple geological scenarios,two GANSim geomodelling workflows are proposed:(1)training a comprehensive GANSim model that covers all possible geological scenarios;and(2)first performing geological scenario falsification and then training GANSim models only for the unfalsified scenarios.On this basis,a local discriminator architecture is designed to improve facies continuity around wells.The modelling results show that both workflows can generate non-stationary facies models that conform to expected geological patterns and honor conditioning data,and the facies discontinuity issue around wells is effectively resolved.Compared with multipoint geostatistical methods(SNESIM),GANSim exhibits superior capability in reproducing geological patterns and modelling efficiency.Although GANSim requires a long training time,once training is completed,it can be applied to geomodelling reservoirs of arbitrary scale with similar geological structures,achieving modelling speeds approximately 1000 times faster than SNESIM.展开更多
The photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells often respond divergently to environmental conditions during storage.In particular,light exposure can either enhance or degrade device efficiency,yet...The photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells often respond divergently to environmental conditions during storage.In particular,light exposure can either enhance or degrade device efficiency,yet the mechanisms underlying these antithetical behaviors are still under investigation.In this study,we explore the modulation of the open-circuit voltage(Voc)in triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells by systematically controlling storage environments.While light intensity exhibits minimal impact during storage,the spectral composition of illumination selectively enhances Voc comprising reversible and irreversible contributions.Structural characterization reveals that prolonged storage degrades the quality of perovskite crystals in the upper region of the perovskite layer,whereas light storage promotes the relaxation of microstrain at the buried interface with a p-type organic layer.This structural reorganization at the interface,accompanied by lattice expansion,accounts for suppressed nonradiative recombination and a corresponding increase in quasi-Fermi level splitting.Consequently,devices fabricated without chemical defect passivation achieve a power conversion efficiency of higher than 40%under indoor lighting conditions after preconditioned by continuous exposure to ambient light during storage.These findings highlight the critical role of controlled light exposure during storage not only in enhancing efficiency,but also in ensuring reproducibility of perovskite solar cell characterization.展开更多
Though the formation of polysulfide is desirable,as it contributes to the capacity build-up,it must not leak into the electrolyte.The loss of polysulfide causes capacity fade,a change in the local chemistry of the ele...Though the formation of polysulfide is desirable,as it contributes to the capacity build-up,it must not leak into the electrolyte.The loss of polysulfide causes capacity fade,a change in the local chemistry of the electrolyte,and anode poisoning.Constant efforts are in progress to find suitable polysulfide-absorbing materials;however,the magical polysulfide absorber is yet to be discovered or developed.Experimental methods alone often fall short in accelerating the investigations may be due to the complex Nature of the testing.This review focuses on the importance of computational methods,particularly density functional theory(DFT),in screening suitable polysulfide absorbers.It highlights the critical role of anchoring materials in improving Na-S battery performance,including pristine and doped graphene,metal–organic frameworks,carbon Nanofibers,vanadium disulfide,MXenes,and metal sulfides.By examining adsorption energies,charge transfer mechanisms,and catalytic properties,this review provides insights into the design of advanced materials that can effectively immobilize polysulfides and enhance battery stability.The review aims to guide future research efforts toward the development of high-performance RT Na-S batteries through a comprehensive understanding of the polysulfide-absorbing materials.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising candidates owing to their inherent safety and low cost.However,the conventional glass fiber(GF)separator used in AZIBs suffers from poor physicochemical proper...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising candidates owing to their inherent safety and low cost.However,the conventional glass fiber(GF)separator used in AZIBs suffers from poor physicochemical properties,leading to uncontrolled zinc(Zn)dendrite formation and undesirable side reactions.To address these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of AZIBs,a precisely designed functional separator is developed by incorporating UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)into a poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)framework(U-PVDF)via a direct in situ growth method.This approach enables uniform distribution of UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)both on the surface and within the PVDF backbone,without increasing separator thickness.Owing to the strong interaction between Zn^(2+)and the abundant carboxyl groups in UiO-66-(COOH)_(2),the U-PVDF separator regulates the Zn^(2+)solvation structure toward a contact ion pair-dominated structure by reducing coordinated water molecules,which effectively mitigates water-induced parasitic reactions and promotes compact Zn deposition.Consequently,a Zn/Zn symmetric cell employing the U-PVDF separator demonstrates superior cycling stability over 1500 cycles without internal short-circuiting at a current density of 6 mA cm^(−2)and an areal capacity of 2 mAh cm^(−2).Moreover,Zn/NaV_(3)O_(8)·xH_(2)O(NVO)cell with the U-PVDF separator exhibits markedly improved cyclability and rate performance compared with those using conventional GF separator.展开更多
Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation...Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.展开更多
Thick electrodes can substantially enhance the overall energy density of batteries.However,insufficient wettability of aqueous electrolytes toward electrodes with conventional hydrophobic binders severely limits utili...Thick electrodes can substantially enhance the overall energy density of batteries.However,insufficient wettability of aqueous electrolytes toward electrodes with conventional hydrophobic binders severely limits utilization of active materials with increasing the thickness of electrodes for aqueous batteries,resulting in battery performance deterioration with a reduced capacity.Here,we demonstrate that controlling the hydrophilicity of the thicker electrodes is critical to enhancing the overall energy density of batteries.Hydrophilic binders are synthesized via a simple sulfonation process of conventional polyvinylidene fluoride binders,considering physicochemical properties such as mechanical properties and adhesion.The introduction of abundant sulfonate groups of binders(i)allows fast and sufficient electrolyte wetting,and(ii)improves ionic conduction in thick electrodes,enabling a significant increase in reversible capacities under various current densities.Further,the sulfonated binder effectively inhibits the dissolution of cathode materials in reactive aqueous electrolytes.Overall,our findings significantly enhance the energy density and contribute to the development of practical zinc-ion batteries.展开更多
This study described a hydrometallurgical method to investigate the separation of rare earth elements（REEs）from rare earth polishing powder wastes（REPPWs）containing large amounts of rare earth oxides with a major ...This study described a hydrometallurgical method to investigate the separation of rare earth elements（REEs）from rare earth polishing powder wastes（REPPWs）containing large amounts of rare earth oxides with a major phase of CeO2 and minor phases of La2O3,Pr2O3,and Nd2O3 using a process devised by the authors.The suggested approach consisted of five processes：the synthesis of NaR E（SO4）2·xH2O from rare earth oxides in Na2SO4-H2SO4-H2 O solutions（Process 1）,the conversion of NaR E（SO4）2·xH2O into RE（OH）3 using NaO H（Process 2）,and the oxidation of Ce（OH）3 into Ce（OH）4 using air with O2 injection（Process 3）,followed by Processes 4 and 5 for separation of REEs by acid leaching using HCl and H2SO4,respectively.To confirm the high yield of NaR E（SO4）2·xH2O in Process 1,experiments were carried out under various Na2SO4 concentrations（0.4–2.5 mol/L）,sulfuric acid concentrations（6–14 mol/L）,and reaction temperatures（95–125 oC）.In addition,the effect of the pH value on the separation of Ce（OH）4 in HCl-H2 O solutions with Ce（OH）4,La-,Pr-,and Nd（OH）3 in Process 4 was also investigated.On the basis of above results,the possibility of effective separation of REEs from REPPWs could be confirmed.展开更多
1. Foreword Energy storage plays a key role in the transition towards a carbon-neutral economy. By balancing power grids and saving surplus energy, it represents a concrete means of improving energy efficiency and int...1. Foreword Energy storage plays a key role in the transition towards a carbon-neutral economy. By balancing power grids and saving surplus energy, it represents a concrete means of improving energy efficiency and integrating more renewable energy sources into electricity systems. A variety of technologies to store energy are developing at a fast pace and increasingly becomingmoremarketcompetitive,includingtraditional electric energy storage, thermal energy storage, and newly developed hydrogen energy storage, etc. The demand for energy storage system with high power and efficiency boosts the development in the advanced techniques and materials,such as batteries, super-capacitors, molten salts, and catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).展开更多
The anionic redox has been widely studied in layered-oxide-cathodes in attempts to achieve highenergy-density for Na-ion batteries(NIBs).It is known that an oxidation state of Mn^(4+) or Ru^(5+) is essential for the a...The anionic redox has been widely studied in layered-oxide-cathodes in attempts to achieve highenergy-density for Na-ion batteries(NIBs).It is known that an oxidation state of Mn^(4+) or Ru^(5+) is essential for the anionic reaction of O^(2-)/O~-to occur during Na^(+) de/intercalation.However,here,we report that the anionic redox can occur in Ru-based layered-oxide-cathodes before full oxidation of Ru^(4+)/Ru^(5+).Combining studies using first-principles calculation and experimental techniques reveals that further Na^(+) deintercalation from P2-Na_(0.33)[Mg_(0.33)Ru_(0.67)]O_(2) is based on anionic oxidation after 0.33 mol Na^(+) deintercalation from P2-Na_(0.67)[Mg_(0.33)Ru_(0.67)]O_(2) with cationic oxidation of Ru^(4+)/Ru^(4.5+).Especially,it is revealed that the only oxygen neighboring 2Mg/1 Ru can participate in the anionic redox during Na^(+) de/intercalation,which implies that the Na-O-Mg arrangement in the P2-Na_(0.33)[M9_(0.33)Ru_(0.67)]O_(2) structure can dramatically lower the thermodynamic stability of the anionic redox than that of cationic redox.Through the O anionic and Ru cationic reaction,P2-Na_(0.67)[Mg_(0.33)Ru_(0.67)]O_(2) exhibits not only a large specific capacity of~172 mA h g^(-1) but also excellent power-capability via facile Na^(+) diffusion and reversible structural change during charge/discharge.These findings suggest a novel strategy that can increase the activity of anionic redox by modulating the local environment around oxygen to develop high-energy-density cathode materials for NIBs.展开更多
As part of the national strategy to further develop the wind energy sector,the eight prefectures of Upper Guinea have been selected.Using meteorological data recorded over thirty years(1991-2021)at a height of 20 m,we...As part of the national strategy to further develop the wind energy sector,the eight prefectures of Upper Guinea have been selected.Using meteorological data recorded over thirty years(1991-2021)at a height of 20 m,we assessed wind resources in terms of characteristic speeds,power and available energy.To this end,the Weibull distribution method was used and the following values were obtained:3.66 m/s for the average speed;1,102.83 W/m^(2)for the available power and 8,747.06 kWh/m^(2)/year for the annual available energy.展开更多
Composite cathodes integrating Ni-rich layered oxides and oxide solid electrolytes are essential for highenergy all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASSLBs),yet interfacial degradation during high-temperature co-sint...Composite cathodes integrating Ni-rich layered oxides and oxide solid electrolytes are essential for highenergy all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASSLBs),yet interfacial degradation during high-temperature co-sintering(>600℃)remains a critical challenge.While surface passivation strategies mitigate reactions below 400℃,their effectiveness diminishes at elevated temperatures due to inability to counteract Li^(+)concentration gradients.Here,we introduce in situ lithium compensators,i.e.,LiOH/Li_(2)CO_(3),into NCM-LATP composite cathodes to dynamically replenish Li^(+)during co-sintering.These additives melt to form transient Li^(+)-rich phases that back-diffuse Li^(+)into NCM lattices,suppressing layered-to-rock salt transitions and stabilizing the interface.Quasi in situ XRD confirms retention of the layered structure at temperature up to 700℃,while electrochemical tests demonstrate a reversible capacity of 222.2 mA h g^(-1)—comparable to NCM before co-sintering—and an impressive 65.3% capacity retention improvement over100 cycles.In contrast,uncompensated cathodes exhibit severe degradation to 96.5 mA h g^(-1)due to Li depletion and resistive Li-Ti-O interphases.This strategy integrates sacrificial chemistry with scalable powder-mixing workflows,achieving a 93.4% reduction in interfacial impedance.By addressing Li^(+)flux homogenization and structural stability,this work provides a practical pathway toward industrialscale fabrication of high-performance ASSLBs.展开更多
Seawater is the most abundant source of molecular hydrogen.Utilizing the hydrogen reserves present in the seawater may inaugurate innovative strategies aimed at advancing sustainable energy and environmental preservat...Seawater is the most abundant source of molecular hydrogen.Utilizing the hydrogen reserves present in the seawater may inaugurate innovative strategies aimed at advancing sustainable energy and environmental preservation endeavors in the future.Recently,there has been a surge in study in the field addressing the production of hydrogen through the electrochemical seawater splitting.However,the performance and durability of the electrode have limitations due to the fact that there are a few challenges that need to be addressed in order to make the technology suitable for the industrial purpose.The active site blockage caused by chloride ions that are prevalent in seawater and chloride corrosion is the most significant issue;it has a negative impact on both the activity and the durability of the anode component.Addressing this particular issue is of upmost importance in the seawater splitting area.This review concentrates on the newly developed materials and techniques for inhibiting chloride ions by blocking the active sites,simultaneously preventing the chloride corrosion.It is anticipated that the concept will be advantageous for a large audience and will inspire researchers to study on this particular area of concern.展开更多
Aluminum(Al)exhibits excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical ductility,and good chemical compatibility with high-ionic-conductivity electrolytes.This makes it more suitable as an anode material for all-solid-stat...Aluminum(Al)exhibits excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical ductility,and good chemical compatibility with high-ionic-conductivity electrolytes.This makes it more suitable as an anode material for all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)compared to the overly reactive metallic lithium anode and the mechanically weak silicon anode.This study finds that the pre-lithiated Al anode demonstrates outstanding interfacial stability with the Li_6PS_5Cl(LPSCl)electrolyte,maintaining stable cycling for over 1200 h under conditions of deep charge-discharge.This paper combines the pre-lithiated Al anode with a high-nickel cathode,LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2),paired with the highly ionic conductive LPSCl electrolyte,to design an ASSLB with high energy density and stability.Using anode pre-lithiation techniques,along with dual-reinforcement technology between the electrolyte and the cathode active material,the ASSLB achieves stable cycling for 1000 cycles at a 0.2C rate,with a capacity retention rate of up to 82.2%.At a critical negative-to-positive ratio of 1.1,the battery's specific energy reaches up to 375 Wh kg^(-1),and it maintains over 85.9%of its capacity after 100 charge-discharge cycles.This work provides a new approach and an excellent solution for developing low-cost,high-stability all-solid-state batteries.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries are promising alternatives to traditional lithium batteries because of the high abundance of Mg compounds in earth crust,their low toxicity,and possible favorable properties as electro...Rechargeable magnesium batteries are promising alternatives to traditional lithium batteries because of the high abundance of Mg compounds in earth crust,their low toxicity,and possible favorable properties as electrodes'material.However,Mg metal anodes face several challenges,notably the natively existence of an inactive oxide layer on their surfaces,which reduces their effectiveness.Additionally,interactions of Mg electrodes with electrolyte solutions'components can lead to the formation of insulating surface layers,that can fully block them for ions transport.This review addresses these issues by focusing on surface treatments strategies to enhance electrochemical performance of Mg anodes.It highlights chemical and physical modification techniques to prevent oxidation and inactive-layers formation,as well as their practical implications for MIBs.We also examined the impact of Mg anodes'surface engineering on their electrochemical reversibility and cycling efficiency.Finally,future research directions to improve the performance and commercial viability of magnesium anodes and advance development of high-capacity,safe,and cost-effective energy storage systems based on magnesium electrochemistry are discussed.展开更多
Understanding the degradation phenomenon of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under electrochemical cycling requires an analysis of the porous carbon support structure.Key factors contributing to this phenomenon inc...Understanding the degradation phenomenon of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under electrochemical cycling requires an analysis of the porous carbon support structure.Key factors contributing to this phenomenon include changes in the total porosity and viable surface area for electrochemical reactions.Electron tomography-based serial section imaging using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)can elucidate this phenomenon at a nanoscale resolution.However,this highresolution tomographic analysis requires a huge image dataset and manual inputs in rule-based workflows;these requirements are time-consuming and often cause experimental difficulties and unreliable interpretations.We propose a deep learning-empowered approach comprising a two-step automated process for image interpolation and semantic segmentation to address the practical issues encountered in FIB-SEM electron tomography.An optimally trained interpolation model can reduce the image data requirement by more than 95%to analyze the structural degradation of carbon supports after electrochemical cycling while maintaining the reliability obtained in conventional tomographic analysis with several hundred images.Because the subsequent image segmentation model excludes a complicated manual filtering process,the relevant structural parameters can be reliably measured without human bias.Our sparse-section imaging-based deep learning process can allow cost-efficient analysis and reliable measurement of the degree of cycling-induced carbon corrosion.展开更多
With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temp...With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.展开更多
To enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes with higher silicon content,it is essential to engineer their microstructure for better lithium-ion transport and mitigated volume change as wel...To enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes with higher silicon content,it is essential to engineer their microstructure for better lithium-ion transport and mitigated volume change as well.Herein,we suggest an effective approach to control the micropore structure of silicon oxide(SiO_(x))/artificial graphite(AG)composite electrodes using a perforated current collector.The electrode features a unique pore structure,where alternating high-porosity domains and low-porosity domains markedly reduce overall electrode resistance,leading to a 20%improvement in rate capability at a 5C-rate discharge condition.Using microstructure-resolved modeling and simulations,we demonstrate that the patterned micropore structure enhances lithium-ion transport,mitigating the electrolyte concentration gradient of lithium-ion.Additionally,perforating current collector with a chemical etching process increases the number of hydrogen bonding sites and enlarges the interface with the SiO_(x)/AG composite electrode,significantly improving adhesion strength.This,in turn,suppresses mechanical degradation and leads to a 50%higher capacity retention.Thus,regularly arranged micropore structure enabled by the perforated current collector successfully improves both rate capability and cycle life in SiO_(x)/AG composite electrodes,providing valuable insights into electrode engineering.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density.However,their practical commercialization is hindered by critical challenges on the anode side,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the anode/electrolyte interface.Recent studies highlight that rational electrolyte structure engineering offers an effective route to mitigate these issues and strengthen the electrochemical performance of the zinc metal anode.In this review,we systematically summarize state-of-the-art strategies for electrolyte optimization,with a particular focus on the zinc salts regulation,electrolyte additives,and the construction of novel electrolytes,while elucidating the underlying design principles.We further discuss the key structure–property relationships governing electrolyte behavior to provide guidance for the development of next-generation electrolytes.Finally,future perspectives on advanced electrolyte design are proposed.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring high-performance electrolyte engineering in AZIBs.展开更多
The performance of hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanodes for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting has been limited to around 2-5 mA cm^(-2)under standard conditions due to their short hole diffusion length and slugg...The performance of hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanodes for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting has been limited to around 2-5 mA cm^(-2)under standard conditions due to their short hole diffusion length and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction kinetics.This work overcomes those challenges through a synergistic strategy that co-designs the hematite architecture and the surface reaction pathway.We introduce a textured and hierarchically porous Ti-doped Fe_(2)O_(3)(tp-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode,synthesized via multi-cycle growth and flame annealing method.This unique architecture features a high texture(110),enlarged surface area,and hierarchically porous structure,which enable significantly enhanced bulk charge transport and interfacial charge transfer compared to typical nanorod Ti-doped Fe_(2)O_(3)(nr-Fe_(2)O_(3)).As a result,the tp-Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 3.1 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V vs.RHE with exceptional stability over 105 h,notably without any co-catalyst.By replacing the OER with the hydrazine oxidation reaction,the photocurrent further reaches a record-high level of 7.1 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V_(RHE).Finally,when we integrate the tp-Fe_(2)O_(3)with a commercial Si solar cell,it achieves a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 8.7%-the highest reported value for any Fe_(2)O_(3)-based PVtandem system.This work provides critical insights into rational Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode design and highlights the potential of hydrazine as an efficient alternative anodic reaction,enabling waste valorization.展开更多
Commercial-level sodium metal batteries require electrolytes with high ionic mobility and excellent thermo-mechanical and electrochemical stability.Conventional flammable liquid electrolytes,prone to dendrite growth a...Commercial-level sodium metal batteries require electrolytes with high ionic mobility and excellent thermo-mechanical and electrochemical stability.Conventional flammable liquid electrolytes,prone to dendrite growth and unstable interfacial reactions,rarely perform beyond coin-cell demonstrations.To address these shortcomings,a multifunctional composite quasi-solid polymer electrolyte(QSPE)that incorporates boron nitride(BN)as an engineered filler in a highly conductive polymer blend system has been developed.The optimized formation(15BN QSPE)delivers a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 2.15 m S cm^(-1)and a sodium-ion transference number of 0.80.Molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the coordination environment and show improved transport in the presence of BN.BN is chemically active and bifunctional:boron acts as an electron acceptor,interacting with solvents and macromolecules,while nitrogen coordinates with sodium ions,tailoring the solvation environment and transport pathways to promote efficient ion migration.The 15BN QSPE is self-extinguishing,resists oxidative thermal degradation,and enables stable cycling in symmetric sodium cells for>1400 h at0.5 m A cm^(-2).A Prussian blue full cell achieves>1500 stable cycles at 1C with -99% Coulombic efficiency in coin-cell configuration.A two-layer pouch cell with dual 15BN QSPE layers delivers 600 stable cycles at 0.125C and withstands rigorous mechanical abuse.These results position 15BN QSPE as a scalable,highperformance electrolyte offering enhanced safety and efficiency for next-generation sodium metal batteries.展开更多
文摘GANSim is a generative adversarial networks(GANs)-based geomodelling framework with direct conditioning capabilities.To extend GANSim for geomodelling of multi-scenario and non-stationary reservoirs,and to address its tendency to overlook single-pixel well facies conditioning data that can cause local facies disconnections around wells,an enhanced GANSim framework is proposed.The effectiveness of the enhanced GANSim is validated using a 3D multi-scenario,non-stationary turbidite fan reservoir.For reservoirs that may involve multiple geological scenarios,two GANSim geomodelling workflows are proposed:(1)training a comprehensive GANSim model that covers all possible geological scenarios;and(2)first performing geological scenario falsification and then training GANSim models only for the unfalsified scenarios.On this basis,a local discriminator architecture is designed to improve facies continuity around wells.The modelling results show that both workflows can generate non-stationary facies models that conform to expected geological patterns and honor conditioning data,and the facies discontinuity issue around wells is effectively resolved.Compared with multipoint geostatistical methods(SNESIM),GANSim exhibits superior capability in reproducing geological patterns and modelling efficiency.Although GANSim requires a long training time,once training is completed,it can be applied to geomodelling reservoirs of arbitrary scale with similar geological structures,achieving modelling speeds approximately 1000 times faster than SNESIM.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2023-NR076521,RS-2025-00519481)the Research Grant of Kwangwoon University in 2023.
文摘The photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells often respond divergently to environmental conditions during storage.In particular,light exposure can either enhance or degrade device efficiency,yet the mechanisms underlying these antithetical behaviors are still under investigation.In this study,we explore the modulation of the open-circuit voltage(Voc)in triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells by systematically controlling storage environments.While light intensity exhibits minimal impact during storage,the spectral composition of illumination selectively enhances Voc comprising reversible and irreversible contributions.Structural characterization reveals that prolonged storage degrades the quality of perovskite crystals in the upper region of the perovskite layer,whereas light storage promotes the relaxation of microstrain at the buried interface with a p-type organic layer.This structural reorganization at the interface,accompanied by lattice expansion,accounts for suppressed nonradiative recombination and a corresponding increase in quasi-Fermi level splitting.Consequently,devices fabricated without chemical defect passivation achieve a power conversion efficiency of higher than 40%under indoor lighting conditions after preconditioned by continuous exposure to ambient light during storage.These findings highlight the critical role of controlled light exposure during storage not only in enhancing efficiency,but also in ensuring reproducibility of perovskite solar cell characterization.
基金supported by the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi)
文摘Though the formation of polysulfide is desirable,as it contributes to the capacity build-up,it must not leak into the electrolyte.The loss of polysulfide causes capacity fade,a change in the local chemistry of the electrolyte,and anode poisoning.Constant efforts are in progress to find suitable polysulfide-absorbing materials;however,the magical polysulfide absorber is yet to be discovered or developed.Experimental methods alone often fall short in accelerating the investigations may be due to the complex Nature of the testing.This review focuses on the importance of computational methods,particularly density functional theory(DFT),in screening suitable polysulfide absorbers.It highlights the critical role of anchoring materials in improving Na-S battery performance,including pristine and doped graphene,metal–organic frameworks,carbon Nanofibers,vanadium disulfide,MXenes,and metal sulfides.By examining adsorption energies,charge transfer mechanisms,and catalytic properties,this review provides insights into the design of advanced materials that can effectively immobilize polysulfides and enhance battery stability.The review aims to guide future research efforts toward the development of high-performance RT Na-S batteries through a comprehensive understanding of the polysulfide-absorbing materials.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program(RS-2024-00455177)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT.
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising candidates owing to their inherent safety and low cost.However,the conventional glass fiber(GF)separator used in AZIBs suffers from poor physicochemical properties,leading to uncontrolled zinc(Zn)dendrite formation and undesirable side reactions.To address these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of AZIBs,a precisely designed functional separator is developed by incorporating UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)into a poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)framework(U-PVDF)via a direct in situ growth method.This approach enables uniform distribution of UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)both on the surface and within the PVDF backbone,without increasing separator thickness.Owing to the strong interaction between Zn^(2+)and the abundant carboxyl groups in UiO-66-(COOH)_(2),the U-PVDF separator regulates the Zn^(2+)solvation structure toward a contact ion pair-dominated structure by reducing coordinated water molecules,which effectively mitigates water-induced parasitic reactions and promotes compact Zn deposition.Consequently,a Zn/Zn symmetric cell employing the U-PVDF separator demonstrates superior cycling stability over 1500 cycles without internal short-circuiting at a current density of 6 mA cm^(−2)and an areal capacity of 2 mAh cm^(−2).Moreover,Zn/NaV_(3)O_(8)·xH_(2)O(NVO)cell with the U-PVDF separator exhibits markedly improved cyclability and rate performance compared with those using conventional GF separator.
基金supported by the introduction of Talent Research Fund in Nanjing Institute of Technology(YKJ202204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52401282 and 52300206)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230701 and BK20230705).
文摘Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2022R1F1A1070168,2020R1C1C1004322)the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology as Development of core technology for smart wellness care based on cleaner production process technology(KITECH-PEH23030)+1 种基金supported by the Renewable Surplus Sector Coupling Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy,Republic of Korea(No.20226210100050)the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.CPS21141-100)。
文摘Thick electrodes can substantially enhance the overall energy density of batteries.However,insufficient wettability of aqueous electrolytes toward electrodes with conventional hydrophobic binders severely limits utilization of active materials with increasing the thickness of electrodes for aqueous batteries,resulting in battery performance deterioration with a reduced capacity.Here,we demonstrate that controlling the hydrophilicity of the thicker electrodes is critical to enhancing the overall energy density of batteries.Hydrophilic binders are synthesized via a simple sulfonation process of conventional polyvinylidene fluoride binders,considering physicochemical properties such as mechanical properties and adhesion.The introduction of abundant sulfonate groups of binders(i)allows fast and sufficient electrolyte wetting,and(ii)improves ionic conduction in thick electrodes,enabling a significant increase in reversible capacities under various current densities.Further,the sulfonated binder effectively inhibits the dissolution of cathode materials in reactive aqueous electrolytes.Overall,our findings significantly enhance the energy density and contribute to the development of practical zinc-ion batteries.
文摘This study described a hydrometallurgical method to investigate the separation of rare earth elements（REEs）from rare earth polishing powder wastes（REPPWs）containing large amounts of rare earth oxides with a major phase of CeO2 and minor phases of La2O3,Pr2O3,and Nd2O3 using a process devised by the authors.The suggested approach consisted of five processes：the synthesis of NaR E（SO4）2·xH2O from rare earth oxides in Na2SO4-H2SO4-H2 O solutions（Process 1）,the conversion of NaR E（SO4）2·xH2O into RE（OH）3 using NaO H（Process 2）,and the oxidation of Ce（OH）3 into Ce（OH）4 using air with O2 injection（Process 3）,followed by Processes 4 and 5 for separation of REEs by acid leaching using HCl and H2SO4,respectively.To confirm the high yield of NaR E（SO4）2·xH2O in Process 1,experiments were carried out under various Na2SO4 concentrations（0.4–2.5 mol/L）,sulfuric acid concentrations（6–14 mol/L）,and reaction temperatures（95–125 oC）.In addition,the effect of the pH value on the separation of Ce（OH）4 in HCl-H2 O solutions with Ce（OH）4,La-,Pr-,and Nd（OH）3 in Process 4 was also investigated.On the basis of above results,the possibility of effective separation of REEs from REPPWs could be confirmed.
文摘1. Foreword Energy storage plays a key role in the transition towards a carbon-neutral economy. By balancing power grids and saving surplus energy, it represents a concrete means of improving energy efficiency and integrating more renewable energy sources into electricity systems. A variety of technologies to store energy are developing at a fast pace and increasingly becomingmoremarketcompetitive,includingtraditional electric energy storage, thermal energy storage, and newly developed hydrogen energy storage, etc. The demand for energy storage system with high power and efficiency boosts the development in the advanced techniques and materials,such as batteries, super-capacitors, molten salts, and catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (2021R1A2C1014280)supported by the “Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS)” through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE) (2021RIS-004)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of the Korea Institute of Material Science (KIMS) (PNK9370)the calculation resources were supported by the Supercomputing Center in Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) (KSC-2022-CRE-0030)。
文摘The anionic redox has been widely studied in layered-oxide-cathodes in attempts to achieve highenergy-density for Na-ion batteries(NIBs).It is known that an oxidation state of Mn^(4+) or Ru^(5+) is essential for the anionic reaction of O^(2-)/O~-to occur during Na^(+) de/intercalation.However,here,we report that the anionic redox can occur in Ru-based layered-oxide-cathodes before full oxidation of Ru^(4+)/Ru^(5+).Combining studies using first-principles calculation and experimental techniques reveals that further Na^(+) deintercalation from P2-Na_(0.33)[Mg_(0.33)Ru_(0.67)]O_(2) is based on anionic oxidation after 0.33 mol Na^(+) deintercalation from P2-Na_(0.67)[Mg_(0.33)Ru_(0.67)]O_(2) with cationic oxidation of Ru^(4+)/Ru^(4.5+).Especially,it is revealed that the only oxygen neighboring 2Mg/1 Ru can participate in the anionic redox during Na^(+) de/intercalation,which implies that the Na-O-Mg arrangement in the P2-Na_(0.33)[M9_(0.33)Ru_(0.67)]O_(2) structure can dramatically lower the thermodynamic stability of the anionic redox than that of cationic redox.Through the O anionic and Ru cationic reaction,P2-Na_(0.67)[Mg_(0.33)Ru_(0.67)]O_(2) exhibits not only a large specific capacity of~172 mA h g^(-1) but also excellent power-capability via facile Na^(+) diffusion and reversible structural change during charge/discharge.These findings suggest a novel strategy that can increase the activity of anionic redox by modulating the local environment around oxygen to develop high-energy-density cathode materials for NIBs.
文摘As part of the national strategy to further develop the wind energy sector,the eight prefectures of Upper Guinea have been selected.Using meteorological data recorded over thirty years(1991-2021)at a height of 20 m,we assessed wind resources in terms of characteristic speeds,power and available energy.To this end,the Weibull distribution method was used and the following values were obtained:3.66 m/s for the average speed;1,102.83 W/m^(2)for the available power and 8,747.06 kWh/m^(2)/year for the annual available energy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102206)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality-Shunyi Innovation Collaborative Joint Fund(L247018)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(2254076 and 2252024)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(246Z4412G)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2025MS022,North China Electric Power University)。
文摘Composite cathodes integrating Ni-rich layered oxides and oxide solid electrolytes are essential for highenergy all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASSLBs),yet interfacial degradation during high-temperature co-sintering(>600℃)remains a critical challenge.While surface passivation strategies mitigate reactions below 400℃,their effectiveness diminishes at elevated temperatures due to inability to counteract Li^(+)concentration gradients.Here,we introduce in situ lithium compensators,i.e.,LiOH/Li_(2)CO_(3),into NCM-LATP composite cathodes to dynamically replenish Li^(+)during co-sintering.These additives melt to form transient Li^(+)-rich phases that back-diffuse Li^(+)into NCM lattices,suppressing layered-to-rock salt transitions and stabilizing the interface.Quasi in situ XRD confirms retention of the layered structure at temperature up to 700℃,while electrochemical tests demonstrate a reversible capacity of 222.2 mA h g^(-1)—comparable to NCM before co-sintering—and an impressive 65.3% capacity retention improvement over100 cycles.In contrast,uncompensated cathodes exhibit severe degradation to 96.5 mA h g^(-1)due to Li depletion and resistive Li-Ti-O interphases.This strategy integrates sacrificial chemistry with scalable powder-mixing workflows,achieving a 93.4% reduction in interfacial impedance.By addressing Li^(+)flux homogenization and structural stability,this work provides a practical pathway toward industrialscale fabrication of high-performance ASSLBs.
基金supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00436563)supported by Brain Pool program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea(Grant No.RS-2023-00284361).
文摘Seawater is the most abundant source of molecular hydrogen.Utilizing the hydrogen reserves present in the seawater may inaugurate innovative strategies aimed at advancing sustainable energy and environmental preservation endeavors in the future.Recently,there has been a surge in study in the field addressing the production of hydrogen through the electrochemical seawater splitting.However,the performance and durability of the electrode have limitations due to the fact that there are a few challenges that need to be addressed in order to make the technology suitable for the industrial purpose.The active site blockage caused by chloride ions that are prevalent in seawater and chloride corrosion is the most significant issue;it has a negative impact on both the activity and the durability of the anode component.Addressing this particular issue is of upmost importance in the seawater splitting area.This review concentrates on the newly developed materials and techniques for inhibiting chloride ions by blocking the active sites,simultaneously preventing the chloride corrosion.It is anticipated that the concept will be advantageous for a large audience and will inspire researchers to study on this particular area of concern.
基金the technical support for Nano-X from Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and NanoBionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3800300)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179059,22239002,92372201)the science and technology innovation fund for emission peak and carbon neutrality of Jiangsu province(BK20231512,BK20220034)the Key R&D project funded by department of science and technology of Jiangsu Province(BE2020003)。
文摘Aluminum(Al)exhibits excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical ductility,and good chemical compatibility with high-ionic-conductivity electrolytes.This makes it more suitable as an anode material for all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)compared to the overly reactive metallic lithium anode and the mechanically weak silicon anode.This study finds that the pre-lithiated Al anode demonstrates outstanding interfacial stability with the Li_6PS_5Cl(LPSCl)electrolyte,maintaining stable cycling for over 1200 h under conditions of deep charge-discharge.This paper combines the pre-lithiated Al anode with a high-nickel cathode,LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2),paired with the highly ionic conductive LPSCl electrolyte,to design an ASSLB with high energy density and stability.Using anode pre-lithiation techniques,along with dual-reinforcement technology between the electrolyte and the cathode active material,the ASSLB achieves stable cycling for 1000 cycles at a 0.2C rate,with a capacity retention rate of up to 82.2%.At a critical negative-to-positive ratio of 1.1,the battery's specific energy reaches up to 375 Wh kg^(-1),and it maintains over 85.9%of its capacity after 100 charge-discharge cycles.This work provides a new approach and an excellent solution for developing low-cost,high-stability all-solid-state batteries.
基金supported by the Global Joint Research Program funded by the Pukyong National University(202411790001)the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)+2 种基金funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00446825)the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00418815)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)。
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries are promising alternatives to traditional lithium batteries because of the high abundance of Mg compounds in earth crust,their low toxicity,and possible favorable properties as electrodes'material.However,Mg metal anodes face several challenges,notably the natively existence of an inactive oxide layer on their surfaces,which reduces their effectiveness.Additionally,interactions of Mg electrodes with electrolyte solutions'components can lead to the formation of insulating surface layers,that can fully block them for ions transport.This review addresses these issues by focusing on surface treatments strategies to enhance electrochemical performance of Mg anodes.It highlights chemical and physical modification techniques to prevent oxidation and inactive-layers formation,as well as their practical implications for MIBs.We also examined the impact of Mg anodes'surface engineering on their electrochemical reversibility and cycling efficiency.Finally,future research directions to improve the performance and commercial viability of magnesium anodes and advance development of high-capacity,safe,and cost-effective energy storage systems based on magnesium electrochemistry are discussed.
基金supported by the Technology Innovation Program(No.20011712)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy(MOTIE,Korea)a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.2022M3J1A108538),Korea+2 种基金the support of the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00444986,50%)the Institute for Basic Science(IBS-R036-D1)。
文摘Understanding the degradation phenomenon of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under electrochemical cycling requires an analysis of the porous carbon support structure.Key factors contributing to this phenomenon include changes in the total porosity and viable surface area for electrochemical reactions.Electron tomography-based serial section imaging using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)can elucidate this phenomenon at a nanoscale resolution.However,this highresolution tomographic analysis requires a huge image dataset and manual inputs in rule-based workflows;these requirements are time-consuming and often cause experimental difficulties and unreliable interpretations.We propose a deep learning-empowered approach comprising a two-step automated process for image interpolation and semantic segmentation to address the practical issues encountered in FIB-SEM electron tomography.An optimally trained interpolation model can reduce the image data requirement by more than 95%to analyze the structural degradation of carbon supports after electrochemical cycling while maintaining the reliability obtained in conventional tomographic analysis with several hundred images.Because the subsequent image segmentation model excludes a complicated manual filtering process,the relevant structural parameters can be reliably measured without human bias.Our sparse-section imaging-based deep learning process can allow cost-efficient analysis and reliable measurement of the degree of cycling-induced carbon corrosion.
基金financially supported by the Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy of Korean government under grant No.22-CM-FC-20the support from the DGIST Supercomputing and Bigdata Center。
文摘With electric vehicles(EVs)emerging as a primary mode of transportation,ensuring their reliable operation in harsh environments is crucial.However,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)suffer from severe polarization at low temperatures,limiting their operation in cold climates.In addition,difficulties in discovering new battery materials have highlighted a growing demand for innovative electrode designs that achieve high performance,even at low temperatu res.To address this issue,we prepared a thin,resistive,and patterned carbon interlayer on the anode current collector.This carbon-patterned layer(CPL)serves as a self-heating layer to efficiently elevate the entire cell temperature,thus improving the rate capability and cyclability at low temperatures while maintaining the performance at room temperature.Furthermore,we validated the versatile applicability of CPLs to large-format LIB cells through experimental studies and electrochemo-thermal multiphysics modeling and simulations,with the results confirming 11%capacity enhancement in 21,700 cylindrical cells at a 0.5C-rate and-24℃.We expect this electrode design to offer reliable power delivery in harsh climates,thereby potentially expanding the applications of LIBs.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2021M3H4A1A02048529)the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)of the Korean government under grant No.RS-2022-00155854support from the DGIST Supercomputing and Big Data Center.
文摘To enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes with higher silicon content,it is essential to engineer their microstructure for better lithium-ion transport and mitigated volume change as well.Herein,we suggest an effective approach to control the micropore structure of silicon oxide(SiO_(x))/artificial graphite(AG)composite electrodes using a perforated current collector.The electrode features a unique pore structure,where alternating high-porosity domains and low-porosity domains markedly reduce overall electrode resistance,leading to a 20%improvement in rate capability at a 5C-rate discharge condition.Using microstructure-resolved modeling and simulations,we demonstrate that the patterned micropore structure enhances lithium-ion transport,mitigating the electrolyte concentration gradient of lithium-ion.Additionally,perforating current collector with a chemical etching process increases the number of hydrogen bonding sites and enlarges the interface with the SiO_(x)/AG composite electrode,significantly improving adhesion strength.This,in turn,suppresses mechanical degradation and leads to a 50%higher capacity retention.Thus,regularly arranged micropore structure enabled by the perforated current collector successfully improves both rate capability and cycle life in SiO_(x)/AG composite electrodes,providing valuable insights into electrode engineering.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52125202,52202100,and U24A2065)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20243016)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024T171166).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density.However,their practical commercialization is hindered by critical challenges on the anode side,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the anode/electrolyte interface.Recent studies highlight that rational electrolyte structure engineering offers an effective route to mitigate these issues and strengthen the electrochemical performance of the zinc metal anode.In this review,we systematically summarize state-of-the-art strategies for electrolyte optimization,with a particular focus on the zinc salts regulation,electrolyte additives,and the construction of novel electrolytes,while elucidating the underlying design principles.We further discuss the key structure–property relationships governing electrolyte behavior to provide guidance for the development of next-generation electrolytes.Finally,future perspectives on advanced electrolyte design are proposed.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring high-performance electrolyte engineering in AZIBs.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00335976)。
文摘The performance of hematite(α-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanodes for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting has been limited to around 2-5 mA cm^(-2)under standard conditions due to their short hole diffusion length and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction kinetics.This work overcomes those challenges through a synergistic strategy that co-designs the hematite architecture and the surface reaction pathway.We introduce a textured and hierarchically porous Ti-doped Fe_(2)O_(3)(tp-Fe_(2)O_(3))photoanode,synthesized via multi-cycle growth and flame annealing method.This unique architecture features a high texture(110),enlarged surface area,and hierarchically porous structure,which enable significantly enhanced bulk charge transport and interfacial charge transfer compared to typical nanorod Ti-doped Fe_(2)O_(3)(nr-Fe_(2)O_(3)).As a result,the tp-Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 3.1 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V vs.RHE with exceptional stability over 105 h,notably without any co-catalyst.By replacing the OER with the hydrazine oxidation reaction,the photocurrent further reaches a record-high level of 7.1 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V_(RHE).Finally,when we integrate the tp-Fe_(2)O_(3)with a commercial Si solar cell,it achieves a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 8.7%-the highest reported value for any Fe_(2)O_(3)-based PVtandem system.This work provides critical insights into rational Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode design and highlights the potential of hydrazine as an efficient alternative anodic reaction,enabling waste valorization.
基金a seed grant from IIT Delhi(SGNF148)supported by the JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials SpaceTectonics Project(JPMJER2003)+2 种基金the ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship(FL230100095)the UQ-Yonsei International Joint Research Projectthe support from JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research in Japan。
文摘Commercial-level sodium metal batteries require electrolytes with high ionic mobility and excellent thermo-mechanical and electrochemical stability.Conventional flammable liquid electrolytes,prone to dendrite growth and unstable interfacial reactions,rarely perform beyond coin-cell demonstrations.To address these shortcomings,a multifunctional composite quasi-solid polymer electrolyte(QSPE)that incorporates boron nitride(BN)as an engineered filler in a highly conductive polymer blend system has been developed.The optimized formation(15BN QSPE)delivers a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 2.15 m S cm^(-1)and a sodium-ion transference number of 0.80.Molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the coordination environment and show improved transport in the presence of BN.BN is chemically active and bifunctional:boron acts as an electron acceptor,interacting with solvents and macromolecules,while nitrogen coordinates with sodium ions,tailoring the solvation environment and transport pathways to promote efficient ion migration.The 15BN QSPE is self-extinguishing,resists oxidative thermal degradation,and enables stable cycling in symmetric sodium cells for>1400 h at0.5 m A cm^(-2).A Prussian blue full cell achieves>1500 stable cycles at 1C with -99% Coulombic efficiency in coin-cell configuration.A two-layer pouch cell with dual 15BN QSPE layers delivers 600 stable cycles at 0.125C and withstands rigorous mechanical abuse.These results position 15BN QSPE as a scalable,highperformance electrolyte offering enhanced safety and efficiency for next-generation sodium metal batteries.
