As an emerging technological form,the metaverse provides innovative transformations for all levels of education-including scenarios,resources,and models-through its highly immersive and powerful social interaction cha...As an emerging technological form,the metaverse provides innovative transformations for all levels of education-including scenarios,resources,and models-through its highly immersive and powerful social interaction characteristics.Educational evaluation is core to assessing teaching effects and improving teaching strategies.With the technical support of the metaverse,challenges in traditional educational evaluation can be addressed,and comprehensive multi-dimensional portraits of individuals and collectives can be depicted,effectively enhancing teaching outcomes.Therefore,it has important value and untapped potential.This paper first analyzes the characteristics of educational evaluation in the metaverse context,discusses possible opportunities and challenges,then explores comprehensive practical paths from macro,meso,and micro levels,providing suggestions for the reform of educational evaluation in the metaverse environment.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate student＇s awareness, knowledge and understanding of environmental issues for sustainable development. Findings revealed that： despite the positive attitude shown by stude...The purpose of this study was to investigate student＇s awareness, knowledge and understanding of environmental issues for sustainable development. Findings revealed that： despite the positive attitude shown by students towards environmental education, a relatively low level of understanding of environmental concept was recorded in school settings regardless of efforts by government and other environmental agencies at creating awareness about environmental related issues. This brought about the investigation of students＇ environmental education knowledge in high school settings. About 205 students were randomly selected for data collection using validated instruments titled student＇s knowledge and attitude questionnaire as well as student＇s response to questions （interview） concerning global warming. T-test statistics, chi-square and simple percentage were the major statistical tools employed in data analysis. This study revealed that environment based-education （school curriculum） as well as efforts by government/environmental agencies （mass media） plays a major role in promoting students＇ understanding, of environmental concepts, awareness of major environmental issues and positive attitude towards natural environment.展开更多
One of the key challenges in ad-hoc networks is the resource discovery problem.How efciently&quickly the queried resource/object can be resolved in such a highly dynamic self-evolving network is the underlying que...One of the key challenges in ad-hoc networks is the resource discovery problem.How efciently&quickly the queried resource/object can be resolved in such a highly dynamic self-evolving network is the underlying question?Broadcasting is a basic technique in the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks(MANETs),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission range.Flooding is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every node.The naive ooding technique oods the network with query messages,while the random walk scheme operates by contacting subsets of each node’s neighbors at every step,thereby restricting the search space.Many earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of ooding technique,and its variants,in a wired network scenario.Although,there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,the analytical results are still lacking,especially in the context of mobile P2P networks.In this article,we mathematically model different widely used existing search techniques,and compare with the proposed improved random walk method,a simple lightweight approach suitable for the non-DHT architecture.We provide analytical expressions to measure the performance of the different ooding-based search techniques,and our proposed technique.We analytically derive 3 relevant key performance measures,i.e.,the avg.number of steps needed to nd a resource,the probability of locating a resource,and the avg.number of messages generated during the entire search process.展开更多
We observe the gravity discharge of liquid through the short cylindrical tube of diameter of 2 mm and aspect ratio 2.5 and 10 attached to the underside of Mariotte bottle. When the hydrostatic head is reduced and appr...We observe the gravity discharge of liquid through the short cylindrical tube of diameter of 2 mm and aspect ratio 2.5 and 10 attached to the underside of Mariotte bottle. When the hydrostatic head is reduced and approaches to a certain value, a laminar jet escaped from the nozzle is interrupted and the discharge is drop wise. The plot of the discharge rate as a function of hydrostatic head does not pass through the origin as predicted by Torricelli law for an ideal liquid. We attribute this feature to the energy losses related with creating a new free surface area of the jet. The measurements for water and aqueous ethanol solution are compared with theoretical predictions based on the modified Bernoulli equation with the interfacial energy density correction and good agreement is observed.展开更多
“Digital transformation of education”is a hot topic of present educational reform and the development tendency of future educational innovation.Digital transformation of education,as a process stressing technology-d...“Digital transformation of education”is a hot topic of present educational reform and the development tendency of future educational innovation.Digital transformation of education,as a process stressing technology-driven educational innovation and reform,boasts the importance of development in its birth and practice.It is driven jointly by social and cultural transitions,the impetus of technical innovation,the guidance of national policies,and the endogenous development of the education system.The logic of practice of the transformation can be regarded as the behavior choice dominated by value and intentions,and the underlying generation principles in practice comprise the“problem-driven+concept-led”principle,the“system evolution+innovative breakthrough”principle,and the“value assessment+iterative optimization”principle.At present,under the background of constructing the new ecology of a smart society and a high-quality education system,and under the pressure of COVID-19 pandemic,the transformation faces golden development opportunities.Nonetheless,the present transformation practice still has some differences from the expected value orientation.Therefore,it is required to research and develop a mature digital education model or framework,carry out a national digital education preparation campaign,work for pilot schemes for the transformation at all levels and of all kinds,attach importance to theoretical research on education relating to the digital transformation of education,and more actively embrace the new wave of educational reform worldwide.展开更多
With the application of the internet,big data,and artificial intelligence(AI)in education,a new form of textbook construction has been developed,promoting digital textbook development.However,problems during digital t...With the application of the internet,big data,and artificial intelligence(AI)in education,a new form of textbook construction has been developed,promoting digital textbook development.However,problems during digital textbook construction still exist.This study analyzes the necessity of intelligent textbook development and explains the educational characteristics of intelligent textbooks,such as intelligent adaptation learning,intelligent guidance,accompanying evaluation,and in-depth learning interaction from the perspective of instruction theory.Moreover,combining the technical advantages of AI,including knowledge mapping,learning analysis,online tracking,learner digital profiles,and in-depth interaction,and taking existing achievements for reference,it describes the methods and strategies of intelligent textbooks to achieve corresponding educational functions and also makes interpretation with specific cases.Given the educational and engineering characteristics of intelligent textbooks,this study analyzes the strategies for promoting the construction of intelligent textbooks from adhering to the instruction theory,paying attention to the iteration of practice,and adopting technical methods to supervise and regulate.展开更多
Computed tomography plays an important role in industrial non-destructive testing, medical applications, astronomy and many other fields to look inside the scanned object and to analysis its inner structures. A non-de...Computed tomography plays an important role in industrial non-destructive testing, medical applications, astronomy and many other fields to look inside the scanned object and to analysis its inner structures. A non-destructive testing software have been developed to efficiently detect inner flaws of space industrial components. As the core of our software, reconstruction algorithms including preprocess of raw data, re-arrange algorithm and filtered back-projection algorithms have been described in detail in this article. With real raw data from CASC of China, experimental results verified the applied reconstruction algorithm in our software. Furthermore, forward algorithms simulating generation of fan-beam raw data are also presented in this article.展开更多
Based on the concept of learning stickiness,this study constructed a model of influencing factors among the elements of online learning content,interaction,incentive,satisfaction,and learning stickiness from Comprehen...Based on the concept of learning stickiness,this study constructed a model of influencing factors among the elements of online learning content,interaction,incentive,satisfaction,and learning stickiness from Comprehensive Learning Theory.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the interaction and influence effects among the factors.It is found that the content,interaction,and incentive in Comprehensive Learning Theory had a significant positive impact on learning stickiness from the total effect analysis.From the direct effect analysis,the influence of content and interaction on learning stickiness was not substantial,but the influence of incentive and satisfaction on learning stickiness was significant.From the perspective of mediation effect analysis,incentive and satisfaction were critical mediating variables for the influence of content and interaction on learning stickiness.This study put forward suggestions and strategies for online teaching,providing a reference for teachers to carry out online education.展开更多
We are now living in an era of big data.From the perspective of data analysis of classroom questioning,the paper chooses three districts in City B that have significant differences.These are educationally developed Di...We are now living in an era of big data.From the perspective of data analysis of classroom questioning,the paper chooses three districts in City B that have significant differences.These are educationally developed District D,less developed District F,and developing District M.The study uses the stratified sampling method to choose from three different groups of teachers,namely novice teachers,competent teachers,and experienced teachers,by way of video case analysis,the Item Response Theory(IRT)model method,and the inductive and deductive method,to analyze the characteristics of teachers’classroom questions.It was found that:(1)In terms of open questioning,all three districts with their different levels in educational development need to improve open questioning levels among their experienced primary school teachers.In middle schools,novice teachers’open questioning tendency is significantly lower than that of qualified and experienced teachers;(2)From the quantitative study of three kinds of tendencies,the lowest level of the three tendencies in the classroom questions is problem-solving;(3)In the three districts,the experienced and qualified primary school teachers in the developing district has a prominent advantage in raising critical and creative questions,while in the middle schools,novice teachers generally have a lower level than qualified and experienced teachers in raising critical and creative questions.The results of the big data analysis enable us to draw a conclusion about teachers’value orientation regarding questioning in class.At present,they pay attention to the local value of classroom questioning,but ignore the overall value;pay attention to the instrumental value of classroom questioning,but ignore the objective value;and pay attention to the superficial value of classroom questions,but ignore the underlying value.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the digital foundation and transformation demands of teacher development,the paper proposes a logical architecture of teachers’digital learning from the perspective of 70-20-10 model for lear...Based on the analysis of the digital foundation and transformation demands of teacher development,the paper proposes a logical architecture of teachers’digital learning from the perspective of 70-20-10 model for learning and development,including self-learning based on platform resources(10%),blended learning based on collaborative support(20%),and embedded learning based on work scenarios(70%).Then,a pyramid model of evaluation and governance for teacher development needs that is compatible with the three types of learning paradigms is proposed,i.e.,focusing on using teacher portraits to evaluate learning behaviors,using skills certification to evaluate knowledge and competencies,and focusing on ethics to promote practical wisdom.Finally,to support the transformation of learning paradigms plus evaluation and governance,this paper proposes an action architecture of service upgrading for digital transformation in teacher development,namely,creating a multi-level coherent online learning architecture for platformization,creating a seamless learning space with multi-dimensional integration for ecologization,and leading the transformation from just-in-time learning to just-in-need practice for practicalization,ultimately realizing a leap of teachers’practical wisdom.展开更多
文摘As an emerging technological form,the metaverse provides innovative transformations for all levels of education-including scenarios,resources,and models-through its highly immersive and powerful social interaction characteristics.Educational evaluation is core to assessing teaching effects and improving teaching strategies.With the technical support of the metaverse,challenges in traditional educational evaluation can be addressed,and comprehensive multi-dimensional portraits of individuals and collectives can be depicted,effectively enhancing teaching outcomes.Therefore,it has important value and untapped potential.This paper first analyzes the characteristics of educational evaluation in the metaverse context,discusses possible opportunities and challenges,then explores comprehensive practical paths from macro,meso,and micro levels,providing suggestions for the reform of educational evaluation in the metaverse environment.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate student＇s awareness, knowledge and understanding of environmental issues for sustainable development. Findings revealed that： despite the positive attitude shown by students towards environmental education, a relatively low level of understanding of environmental concept was recorded in school settings regardless of efforts by government and other environmental agencies at creating awareness about environmental related issues. This brought about the investigation of students＇ environmental education knowledge in high school settings. About 205 students were randomly selected for data collection using validated instruments titled student＇s knowledge and attitude questionnaire as well as student＇s response to questions （interview） concerning global warming. T-test statistics, chi-square and simple percentage were the major statistical tools employed in data analysis. This study revealed that environment based-education （school curriculum） as well as efforts by government/environmental agencies （mass media） plays a major role in promoting students＇ understanding, of environmental concepts, awareness of major environmental issues and positive attitude towards natural environment.
文摘One of the key challenges in ad-hoc networks is the resource discovery problem.How efciently&quickly the queried resource/object can be resolved in such a highly dynamic self-evolving network is the underlying question?Broadcasting is a basic technique in the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks(MANETs),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission range.Flooding is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every node.The naive ooding technique oods the network with query messages,while the random walk scheme operates by contacting subsets of each node’s neighbors at every step,thereby restricting the search space.Many earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of ooding technique,and its variants,in a wired network scenario.Although,there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,the analytical results are still lacking,especially in the context of mobile P2P networks.In this article,we mathematically model different widely used existing search techniques,and compare with the proposed improved random walk method,a simple lightweight approach suitable for the non-DHT architecture.We provide analytical expressions to measure the performance of the different ooding-based search techniques,and our proposed technique.We analytically derive 3 relevant key performance measures,i.e.,the avg.number of steps needed to nd a resource,the probability of locating a resource,and the avg.number of messages generated during the entire search process.
文摘We observe the gravity discharge of liquid through the short cylindrical tube of diameter of 2 mm and aspect ratio 2.5 and 10 attached to the underside of Mariotte bottle. When the hydrostatic head is reduced and approaches to a certain value, a laminar jet escaped from the nozzle is interrupted and the discharge is drop wise. The plot of the discharge rate as a function of hydrostatic head does not pass through the origin as predicted by Torricelli law for an ideal liquid. We attribute this feature to the energy losses related with creating a new free surface area of the jet. The measurements for water and aqueous ethanol solution are compared with theoretical predictions based on the modified Bernoulli equation with the interfacial energy density correction and good agreement is observed.
基金funded by the National Key Social Sciences Project in 2018“Research on Basic Education Equality Encouraged by Informatization in the New Era”(No.18ZDA335).
文摘“Digital transformation of education”is a hot topic of present educational reform and the development tendency of future educational innovation.Digital transformation of education,as a process stressing technology-driven educational innovation and reform,boasts the importance of development in its birth and practice.It is driven jointly by social and cultural transitions,the impetus of technical innovation,the guidance of national policies,and the endogenous development of the education system.The logic of practice of the transformation can be regarded as the behavior choice dominated by value and intentions,and the underlying generation principles in practice comprise the“problem-driven+concept-led”principle,the“system evolution+innovative breakthrough”principle,and the“value assessment+iterative optimization”principle.At present,under the background of constructing the new ecology of a smart society and a high-quality education system,and under the pressure of COVID-19 pandemic,the transformation faces golden development opportunities.Nonetheless,the present transformation practice still has some differences from the expected value orientation.Therefore,it is required to research and develop a mature digital education model or framework,carry out a national digital education preparation campaign,work for pilot schemes for the transformation at all levels and of all kinds,attach importance to theoretical research on education relating to the digital transformation of education,and more actively embrace the new wave of educational reform worldwide.
文摘With the application of the internet,big data,and artificial intelligence(AI)in education,a new form of textbook construction has been developed,promoting digital textbook development.However,problems during digital textbook construction still exist.This study analyzes the necessity of intelligent textbook development and explains the educational characteristics of intelligent textbooks,such as intelligent adaptation learning,intelligent guidance,accompanying evaluation,and in-depth learning interaction from the perspective of instruction theory.Moreover,combining the technical advantages of AI,including knowledge mapping,learning analysis,online tracking,learner digital profiles,and in-depth interaction,and taking existing achievements for reference,it describes the methods and strategies of intelligent textbooks to achieve corresponding educational functions and also makes interpretation with specific cases.Given the educational and engineering characteristics of intelligent textbooks,this study analyzes the strategies for promoting the construction of intelligent textbooks from adhering to the instruction theory,paying attention to the iteration of practice,and adopting technical methods to supervise and regulate.
文摘Computed tomography plays an important role in industrial non-destructive testing, medical applications, astronomy and many other fields to look inside the scanned object and to analysis its inner structures. A non-destructive testing software have been developed to efficiently detect inner flaws of space industrial components. As the core of our software, reconstruction algorithms including preprocess of raw data, re-arrange algorithm and filtered back-projection algorithms have been described in detail in this article. With real raw data from CASC of China, experimental results verified the applied reconstruction algorithm in our software. Furthermore, forward algorithms simulating generation of fan-beam raw data are also presented in this article.
文摘Based on the concept of learning stickiness,this study constructed a model of influencing factors among the elements of online learning content,interaction,incentive,satisfaction,and learning stickiness from Comprehensive Learning Theory.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the interaction and influence effects among the factors.It is found that the content,interaction,and incentive in Comprehensive Learning Theory had a significant positive impact on learning stickiness from the total effect analysis.From the direct effect analysis,the influence of content and interaction on learning stickiness was not substantial,but the influence of incentive and satisfaction on learning stickiness was significant.From the perspective of mediation effect analysis,incentive and satisfaction were critical mediating variables for the influence of content and interaction on learning stickiness.This study put forward suggestions and strategies for online teaching,providing a reference for teachers to carry out online education.
基金The study was funded by the 2013 annual project grant教师在线实践社区中的知识管理与知识创新[Knowledge Management and Innovation of Teacher’Online Communities of Practice(COP)],supported by the Ministry of Education Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research(Grant No.:13YJA880077).
文摘We are now living in an era of big data.From the perspective of data analysis of classroom questioning,the paper chooses three districts in City B that have significant differences.These are educationally developed District D,less developed District F,and developing District M.The study uses the stratified sampling method to choose from three different groups of teachers,namely novice teachers,competent teachers,and experienced teachers,by way of video case analysis,the Item Response Theory(IRT)model method,and the inductive and deductive method,to analyze the characteristics of teachers’classroom questions.It was found that:(1)In terms of open questioning,all three districts with their different levels in educational development need to improve open questioning levels among their experienced primary school teachers.In middle schools,novice teachers’open questioning tendency is significantly lower than that of qualified and experienced teachers;(2)From the quantitative study of three kinds of tendencies,the lowest level of the three tendencies in the classroom questions is problem-solving;(3)In the three districts,the experienced and qualified primary school teachers in the developing district has a prominent advantage in raising critical and creative questions,while in the middle schools,novice teachers generally have a lower level than qualified and experienced teachers in raising critical and creative questions.The results of the big data analysis enable us to draw a conclusion about teachers’value orientation regarding questioning in class.At present,they pay attention to the local value of classroom questioning,but ignore the overall value;pay attention to the instrumental value of classroom questioning,but ignore the objective value;and pay attention to the superficial value of classroom questions,but ignore the underlying value.
文摘Based on the analysis of the digital foundation and transformation demands of teacher development,the paper proposes a logical architecture of teachers’digital learning from the perspective of 70-20-10 model for learning and development,including self-learning based on platform resources(10%),blended learning based on collaborative support(20%),and embedded learning based on work scenarios(70%).Then,a pyramid model of evaluation and governance for teacher development needs that is compatible with the three types of learning paradigms is proposed,i.e.,focusing on using teacher portraits to evaluate learning behaviors,using skills certification to evaluate knowledge and competencies,and focusing on ethics to promote practical wisdom.Finally,to support the transformation of learning paradigms plus evaluation and governance,this paper proposes an action architecture of service upgrading for digital transformation in teacher development,namely,creating a multi-level coherent online learning architecture for platformization,creating a seamless learning space with multi-dimensional integration for ecologization,and leading the transformation from just-in-time learning to just-in-need practice for practicalization,ultimately realizing a leap of teachers’practical wisdom.
