As an emerging technological form,the metaverse provides innovative transformations for all levels of education-including scenarios,resources,and models-through its highly immersive and powerful social interaction cha...As an emerging technological form,the metaverse provides innovative transformations for all levels of education-including scenarios,resources,and models-through its highly immersive and powerful social interaction characteristics.Educational evaluation is core to assessing teaching effects and improving teaching strategies.With the technical support of the metaverse,challenges in traditional educational evaluation can be addressed,and comprehensive multi-dimensional portraits of individuals and collectives can be depicted,effectively enhancing teaching outcomes.Therefore,it has important value and untapped potential.This paper first analyzes the characteristics of educational evaluation in the metaverse context,discusses possible opportunities and challenges,then explores comprehensive practical paths from macro,meso,and micro levels,providing suggestions for the reform of educational evaluation in the metaverse environment.展开更多
Objective:Existing research shows that psychotherapists may experience secondary trauma and burnout,often neglecting self-care.This study aims to examine the effectiveness of self-care education in enhancing self-care...Objective:Existing research shows that psychotherapists may experience secondary trauma and burnout,often neglecting self-care.This study aims to examine the effectiveness of self-care education in enhancing self-care efficacy among psychotherapists and explore factors affecting improvements in their self-care abilities.Methods:A self-care workshop was conducted for 159 psychotherapists from various fields.Participants’demographic information and self-care ability data were collected.The Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCA)was used to assess the participant’s self-care levels before and after the workshop.Results:Post-workshop,ESCA total scores and subscale scores of participants showed significant increases(all P<0.001).Notably,score improvement levels differed by gender and years of practice,with female therapists showing greater improvement than male therapists(t=2.069,P=0.040)and those with longer work experience showing greater improvement than those with shorter experience(F=2.537,P=0.042).Conclusion:Providing self-care education for psychotherapists is essential.Future self care education programs or interventions for psychotherapists should consider gender and work experience factors to better support their self-care enhancement.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanism of lavandulyl flavonoid Kurarinol A(KA)from Sophora flavescens through the TGF/Smad signaling pathway.[Methods]A hepatic fibrosis model was established by...[Objectives]To investigate the anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanism of lavandulyl flavonoid Kurarinol A(KA)from Sophora flavescens through the TGF/Smad signaling pathway.[Methods]A hepatic fibrosis model was established by TGF-β1-induced activation of human hepatic stellate cells LX-2.Western blot and RT-qPCR techniques were employed to study the anti-fibrotic mechanism of KA through the TGF/Smad signaling pathway.[Results]KA exerted anti-hepatic fibrosis effects by significantly reducing the gene expression levels of TGF-β1,Smad2,Smad3,and Smad4,as well as markedly decreasing the protein expression levels of TGF-β1,p-Smad2/3/Smad2/3,and Smad4.[Conclusions]KA demonstrates significant anti-hepatic fibrosis activity and alleviates liver fibrosis through the TGF/Smad signaling pathway.展开更多
Ultraviolet upconversion photoluminescence materials have great potential in various fields,but the improvement of the upconversion efficiency is challenging.Codoping of Li^(+)is considered as an effective strategy an...Ultraviolet upconversion photoluminescence materials have great potential in various fields,but the improvement of the upconversion efficiency is challenging.Codoping of Li^(+)is considered as an effective strategy and widely used to improve the photoluminescence properties of phosphors.In this paper,Li^(+)is introduced into a Y_(7)O_(6)F_(9):Pr^(3+),Gd^(3+)system.The effect of Li^(+)codoping on the phase purity,crystal structure,micro structure,downshifting and upconversion photo luminescence as well as the decay dynamic of the phosphors was studied.It is revealed that the overall photoluminescence efficiency and the energy transfer efficiency from pr^(3+)to Gd^(3+)are greatly promoted.The downshifting and upconversion photoluminescence increase by 2.58 and 10 times as 6 mol%of Li^(+)is codoped.The photo luminescence decay dynamic study shows that the ^(3)P_(0)state decays slower in the Li^(+)-containing phosphor than the Li^(+)-free one.The improvement of the photoluminescence properties is due to the increase of the crystallinity and the reduce of the quenching center.展开更多
A biodegradable and green organic compound octadecyl dimethyl benzyl amm-onium chloride(ODBAC)was used as an efficient inhibitor for cold rolled steel(CRS)in phosphoric acid(H_(3)PO_(4)).The mechanism of adsorption an...A biodegradable and green organic compound octadecyl dimethyl benzyl amm-onium chloride(ODBAC)was used as an efficient inhibitor for cold rolled steel(CRS)in phosphoric acid(H_(3)PO_(4)).The mechanism of adsorption and film formation of ODBAC on CRS was studied through experimental and theoretical calculations.The weight loss method shows that the inhibition efficiency of ODBAC can reach 92.01%at a concentration of 10 mg·L^(-1).The adsorption of ODBAC on the CRS surface conforms to the Langmuir isotherm model,which is a mixed adsorption mainly based on physical adsorption.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and contact angle results confirmed the existence of the ODBAC film and steel surface's hydrophobicity has been significantly enhanced.Electrochemical test results reveal that the film's formation mainly inhibits the cathodic corrosion reaction and effectively increases the charge transfer resistance.Quantum chemical calculations have found that N18 in ODBAC and C24 and C25 on the benzene ring are the key active adsorption sites.Molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that ODBAC can sharply reduce the free fraction volume to 8%and inhibit the diffusion of corrosion particles,meaning that the formed ODBAC film makes it difficult for corrosion particles to penetrate,thus improving the corrosion resistance of CRS in H_(3)PO_(4).展开更多
Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological p...Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.展开更多
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a primary reason for liver cancer and continues to be a worldwide public health issue. The likelihood of contracting HBV is greater in healthcare workers (HCWs) compared to indiv...Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a primary reason for liver cancer and continues to be a worldwide public health issue. The likelihood of contracting HBV is greater in healthcare workers (HCWs) compared to individuals who are not in healthcare professions. Medical students are classified as a high-risk demographic since, like HCWs, they often come into contact with bodily fluids and blood during their clinical training. By 2030, a greater proportion of people will have received HBV vaccinations, thereby halting the spread of new infections—The Somali Ministry of Health with the help of various agencies announced to eradicate hepatitis from Somalia. The priority actions are national hepatitis strategy, hepatitis survey, public awareness, training, and capacity building. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and vaccination status of Hepatitis B infection among medical university students in Mogadishu, Somalia, 2024. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used in this study and the survey was carried out among medical students enrolled in Universities from April 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 software, Chi-square analysis and Logistic regression analysis to identify associations between demographic factors and HBV knowledge, attitudes, and vaccination status, as well as perspectives and immunization status concerning viral hepatitis. Results: The study achieved a response rate of (96%), with 230 participants. Most students (76.5%) were aged 26 - 30 years, and (60.8%) were male. Nearly half (48.7%) were in their third year of study, and the majority (36.1%) were from the Medicine and Surgery department. While 92.2% had heard of HBV, gaps in understanding were evident. About 37.8% erroneously believed HBV could spread via handshakes, and only 33.9% were aware HBV is treatable. Awareness of HBV’s severe complications, such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, was reported by 61.3%, and 83% understood that vaccination could prevent infection. Positive attitudes towards HBV vaccination were prevalent. Most participants (81.3%) supported vaccination before sexual activity, and 78.3% endorsed mandatory HBV vaccination policies for healthcare workers. However, 87.4% expressed concerns about the vaccine promoting unsafe sexual behavior, and 96.1% cited cultural resistance as a barrier to vaccination. A significant proportion (80.86%) of students had not been vaccinated against HBV. Among vaccinated students, 17.4%, 15.7%, and 47.82% had received one, two, and three doses, respectively. Barriers to vaccination included safety concerns (77.4%), lack of time (86.52%), and doubts about efficacy (42.61%). Conclusion: This study highlights gaps in knowledge and vaccination coverage among medical students, which are critical for their health and future clinical practice. Enhancing awareness and vaccination rates can empower students to advocate for preventative measures in their professional environments. Despite high awareness of HBV, knowledge gaps and cultural barriers persist, affecting attitudes and vaccination uptake among medical students. Educational interventions addressing misconceptions, cultural resistance, and vaccine safety are critical. Increased advocacy for mandatory vaccination policies in healthcare settings is also essential to improve HBV prevention methods.展开更多
Chloroform is a common and excellent solvent for preparing high-efficient organic solar cells(OSCs),however,it is toxic and poisonable chemical.In comparisons,deuterated chloroform(DC)is less toxic and costly,and part...Chloroform is a common and excellent solvent for preparing high-efficient organic solar cells(OSCs),however,it is toxic and poisonable chemical.In comparisons,deuterated chloroform(DC)is less toxic and costly,and particularly,it is non-poisonable chemical.In this paper,we use DC to replace ultra-dry chloroform(UC)as the processing solvent for preparation of active layers of organic solar cells.First,we selected PM6:BTP-e C9 as the basic binary and counted 100 solar cells'data,from which comparable device performance were obtained with use of DC and UC.Interestingly,DC showed better reproducibility,superior storage under a nitrogen atmosphere and a little better performance than UC.Both DC and UC gave rise of comparable hole and electron mobilities and similar charge recombination losses.Second,we based PM6:Y6 and D18-Cl:Y6 as the binaries and similar effects were obtained from both UC and DC when counting 30 devices for each binary.Third,the universality of the use of DC for preparing highefficient OSCs were again checked with several binary and ternary systems.In all,this study demonstrate that DC can replace UC for use in the field of OSCs.展开更多
There is curiosity and awareness throughout the world regarding the role of Information and Communication technologies. This is felt in each and every section of society. Several studies have confirmed and considered ...There is curiosity and awareness throughout the world regarding the role of Information and Communication technologies. This is felt in each and every section of society. Several studies have confirmed and considered information and communication technology’s significance in the field of education. It has not only affected learners but also to the teachers. This paper explores how ICT-based projects affect teachers’ and students’ attitudes. The data was collected through self-prepared attitude scale. It was distributed among the teachers and students of various schools. Two hundred students and one hundred twenty teachers responded to the questionnaire. Analysis was done through the data collected from the teachers as well as from students. The study’s conclusions demonstrated that while there was no significant variation in the attitudes of teachers utilizing different ICT-based programs, there was a substantial difference in the students’ attitude toward learning with different ICT-based programs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal surgical acute abdomen conditions.These conditions not only cause significant suffering to patients but also increase psychological stress for both patients and their families.AIM To invest...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal surgical acute abdomen conditions.These conditions not only cause significant suffering to patients but also increase psychological stress for both patients and their families.AIM To investigate communication characteristics in gastrointestinal surgical acute abdomen cases(such as appendicitis and pancreatitis)and explore optimization pathways.METHODS Eighty-two patients with gastrointestinal surgical acute abdomen(including appendicitis and pancreatitis)admitted to the hospital between November 2022 and June 2024 were selected.Physician-patient communication characteristics were analyzed.Patients were randomly divided into two groups(41 each)using a random draw method.The control group received conventional physician-patient communication.The observation group received an optimized communication model based on the conventional method.The two groups were compared for treatment efficacy and outcomes,psychological status,coping strategies,sleep quality,and compliance.RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of time to ambulation and duration of hospital stay(P<0.05),whereas hospitalization costs were not significantly different(P>0.05).After the intervention,the psychological status scale scores in both groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),with significant differences between the groups(P<0.05).Following the intervention,the facing subscale scores of the medical coping questionnaire increased,while the avoidance and submission subscale scores decreased(P<0.05),with significant differences between the groups(P<0.05).The observation group had lower scores on the sleep quality scale(P<0.05).The compliance rate was higher in the observation group(97.56%vs 80.49%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Physician-patient communication presented contradictions between professionalism and laymen’s expression and rigid communication methods.Optimizing communication models can improve sleep quality,coping strategies,patient compliance,and treatment outcomes and reduce negative emotions.展开更多
This study utilized a sequential mediating model to examine the role of motivation to learn and transfer selfefficacy in the relationships between perceived content validity,mentoring function,continuous learning work...This study utilized a sequential mediating model to examine the role of motivation to learn and transfer selfefficacy in the relationships between perceived content validity,mentoring function,continuous learning work culture and intention to transfer learning.The sample comprized 429 final-year apprentices in Guangdong province,China(females=69.9%,Engineering&Medicine=69%,mean age=20.99,SD=1.60).The apprentices completed standardized measures of motivation to learn,transfer self-efficacy perceived content validity,mentoring function,and continuous learning work culture.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.Results showed perceived content validity,mentoring function,continuous learning culture to predict intention to transfer learning.Of these factors,perceived content validity was the strongest predictor of intention to transfer learning.Of these factors,perceived content validity was the most influential predictor of intention to transfer learning.The motivation to learn and transfer self-efficacy sequentially mediated the relationship between mentoring function and intention to learning transfer to be stronger than by either alone.Although perceived content validity and continuous learning culture exhibited no significant direct effects on intention to transfer learning,they demonstrated positive indirect associations with intention to transfer via motivation to learn and transfer self-efficacy.These study findings extend the applications of the learning transfer framework to individuals undergoing apprenticeship training which also would apply to other a long-term work-based learning programs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide,with a significant subset of patients exhibiting absence of carcinoembryonic-antigen(CEA)expression.The lack of effective diagnost...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide,with a significant subset of patients exhibiting absence of carcinoembryonic-antigen(CEA)expression.The lack of effective diagnostic method for CEA-negative CRC prevents its early treatment.AIM To identify potentially valuable biomarkers for identifying CEA-negative CRC,the hematological characteristics of patients with CEA-negative CRC was investigated.METHODS In this retrospective analysis,74 patients were included who had been pathologically confirmed to have CEA-negative CRC,along with 79 individuals diagnosed with benign colorectal conditions.The utility of various biomarkers was evaluated using analysis of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.RESULTS Compared with patients with benign colorectal diseases,those with CEA-negative CRC had lower hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio(HRR)and lymphocyte-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio(LRR),and higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that HRR was negatively correlated with T stage(r=-0.237),LRR was negatively correlated with T stage(r=-0.265)and distant metastasis(r=-0.321),and PLR was positively correlated with T stage(r=0.251)(all P<0.05).ROC analysis indicated that HRR outperformed LRR and PLR in identifying CEA-negative CRC.Combining HRR and PLR provided the highest area under the curve(area under the curve=0.808;sensitivity=82.43%;specificity=68.35%)for distinguishing CEA-negative CRC from benign colorectal diseases.CONCLUSION HRR,LRR,and PLR alone or in combination could be used to distinguish CEA-negative CRC from benign colorectal diseases.展开更多
Most fish exhibit remarkable morphological diversity,which is often influenced by genetic variation and ecological pressures.Consequently,these are the outcomes of organisms’responses to their environment.Meanwhile,m...Most fish exhibit remarkable morphological diversity,which is often influenced by genetic variation and ecological pressures.Consequently,these are the outcomes of organisms’responses to their environment.Meanwhile,modern morphometrics can quantify shape variation within species of the same group.This study aims to determine the body shape variation of Glossogobius giuris from Lake Mainit,Agusan Del Norte,Philippines.60 adult,uniform-sized fish samples were collected and subjected to standardized laboratory procedures.Further,the samples were digitized for 16 homologous landmark points and loaded into Symmetry Asymmetry Geometric Data(SAGE)Software.Across the tested factors—individuals,sides,and individual x sides—result shows that shape variations among individuals were highly significant(F=2.1045,p<0.0001),along with among males(F=3.2711,p<0.0001).Females exhibited higher Fluctuating Asymmetry(FA)(F=18.99,p<0.0001)compared to males(F=7.0964,p<0.0001).It suggests morphological shape differences across the sexes,and the shape variation observed could be a response to environmental perturbations.Shape variations were associated with swimming,food hunting,and predator defense.Moreover,Principal Component Analysis(PCA)demonstrates higher scores of FA in females(81.96%)than in males(74.76%).It was noticed that females had a high fluctuating asymmetry.It might be due to various physiological and ecological pressures compared to males.The observed levels of directional and fluctuating asymmetry in males and females,respectively,may indicate sex-linked morphological and developmental processes,which are important to consider in ecological or evolutionary contexts.Thus,utilizing geometric morphometrics can depict subtle differences across the same populations.展开更多
Background:Recent research showed that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in the central nervous system of mice administered chronic ethanol(EtOH).Dictyophora polysaccharides(DIPs)are essential components of the val...Background:Recent research showed that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in the central nervous system of mice administered chronic ethanol(EtOH).Dictyophora polysaccharides(DIPs)are essential components of the valuable edible fungus Dictyophora,which has antioxidant properties that can delay the aging process of the body.This study aimed to investigate the roles of NLRP3 in chronic EtOH-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell(PC)degeneration and behavioral changes.Methods:C57BL/6J normal and NLRP3 knockout mice were exposed to EtOH for 14 days.Dictyophora polysaccharide(DIP)and NLRP3 inhibitor were administered to the EtOH mice.The pathology and NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 signaling pathway proteins were analyzed in EtOH mice cerebellar tissues and behavioral performance was assessed in the mice.Results:In the EtOH mouse model,we observed increases in the NLRP3 inflammasome proteins,including NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,mature IL-1βand pro IL-1β,loss of PCs,and motor coordination disorders.We found that DIPs could suppress the NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 signaling pathway,and alleviate the motor deficits and cerebellar pathological changes in chronic EtOH mice.Next,we used MCC950,a NLRP3 inhibitor,and an NLRP3 knockout strategy to further verify the effects of NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 signaling in chronic EtOH mice.MCC950 or NLRP3 knockout alleviated the EtOH-induced latency to decreases in fall time,increases in stride width and decreases in stride length.MCC950 or NLRP3 knockout also attenuated PC number loss and suppressed NLRP3 inflammation induced by EtOH.Taken together,pharmacologically or genetically inhibiting NLRP3 alleviated EtOH-induced cerebellar degeneration and behavioral deficits.Conclusion:These findings indicated that DIPs might diminish EtOH-induced cerebellar degeneration and behavioral deficits through the NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 signaling pathway,which provides a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of alcoholism and EtOH-induced cerebellar pathology.展开更多
Background:Thepostdoctoral workforce has been expanding worldwide,playing a vital role in scientific progress,innovation,and knowledge dissemination.Nevertheless,their mental health is also increasingly a global conce...Background:Thepostdoctoral workforce has been expanding worldwide,playing a vital role in scientific progress,innovation,and knowledge dissemination.Nevertheless,their mental health is also increasingly a global concern,exacerbated by challenges such as intense competition,growing responsibilities,and pressure to publish.Purpose:Research on work characteristics is essential for guiding policy and interventions,offering valuable insights into the factors that affect postdoctoral researchers’mental health.Hence,this study aims to examine the impact of work characteristics on postdocs’mental health and explore the underlyingmechanisms drawing on the Job Demands-Resources(JD-R)model.Methods:Using data from Nature’s 2020 Global Postdoc Survey,this study examines how work-related factors influence mental health through regression analysis and percentile bootstrap methods,and eight hypotheses are proposed.Results:Working hours,overtime frequency,and job insecurity negatively predicted postdocs’work-life balance satisfaction and directly increased the likelihood of mental health problems.Mentor support,job autonomy,and rewards enhanced work-life balance satisfaction and directly decreased the possibility of mental health problems.All six job characteristics indirectly influenced postdocs’mental health through worklife balance satisfaction.Working hours had a stronger negative impact on work-life balance satisfaction for female postdocs,while job insecurity had a stronger negative impact onmale postdocs’work-life balance satisfaction.However,no significant gender differences were found in the impact of overtime frequency on work-life balance satisfaction.Conclusion:Job demands(working hours,overtime frequency,and job insecurity)significantly increased postdocs’mental health problems whereas job resources(mentor support,job autonomy,and rewards)mitigated these problems.All these impacts were mediated through work-life balance satisfaction.Gender differences were evident regarding the relationship between job demands(working hours and job insecurity)andwork-life balance satisfaction.These findings provide a basis for future research on the broader causal relationships between work characteristics and postdocs’mental health,as well as studies examining variations across countries,cultures,and disciplines.This study also offers actionable recommendations for institutions,funding agencies,and mentors to foster better working conditions to improve postdocs’well-being.展开更多
BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of...BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.It remains unclear whether anxiety and depression are caused by stressors or viral infection.AIM To use functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to detect cortical hemodynamic changes in patients with COVID-19 and their relationship with mental symptoms(mainly depression and anxiety),to investigate whether COVID-19 causes these changes by affecting brain function.METHODS A total of 58 subjects,comprising 29 patients with first acute COVID-19 infection and 29 healthy controls without COVID-19 infection and without anxiety or depression were recruited.Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test(VFT)and brain connectivity during the resting state(rs)were evaluated by 53-channel fNIRS.For the COVID-19-infected group,Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to assess the emotional state before fNIRS measures.RESULTS For the rs,compared to the uninfected group,the infected group exhibited lower rs functional connectivity(FC)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),which was correlated with both the PHQ score and GAD score.During the VFT,the infected group exhibited significantly lower cortical activation than the uninfected group in both Broca-left and Broca-right.Besides,the integral value in the DLPFC-L showed a significant negative correlation with the PHQ-9 score during the VFT in the infected group.CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the bilateral Broca area and DLPFC between the COVID-19-infected and uninfected groups,which may be the reason why COVID-19 infection impairs cognitive function and language function and leads to psychiatric symptoms.In addition,the rsFC in patients with COVID-19 was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety,which may be related to the fact that the mental symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are characterized by depression and anxiety,rather than depression or anxiety alone.Our study provides evidence that the psychological and emotional issues caused by COVID-19 are not only due to external social factors but also involve more direct brain neural mechanisms and abnormal neural circuits,which also provide insights into the future treatment and prognosis of individuals with COVID-19.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a loss of liver function due to a severe hepatic insult.Studies utilizing the azoxymethane(AOM)mouse model of ALF,which also generates hepatic encephalopathy,have primarily focuse...BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a loss of liver function due to a severe hepatic insult.Studies utilizing the azoxymethane(AOM)mouse model of ALF,which also generates hepatic encephalopathy,have primarily focused on development of neurological deficits.However,the molecular processes that generate liver damage have not been fully characterized.Therefore,a more comprehensive characterization of the hepatic consequences of AOM toxicity is needed to better understand this disease model.AIM To identify molecular pathology contributing to hepatic injury during the progression of AOM-induced ALF.METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected with AOM to produce ALF and hepatic encephalopathy.Tissue was collected at defined stages of neurological decline up to coma.Liver injury,CYP2E1 expression,oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,necroptosis,and hepatocellular senescence were assessed.RESULTS Increased hepatic necrosis and exacerbated liver injury were observed after AOM injection as mice progressed towards coma.CYP2E1 expression decreased in AOM-treated mice as liver injury progressed.Malondialdehyde,myeloperoxidase and other measures of oxidative stress were significantly increased during AOM-induced ALF.Hepatic CCL2 and tumor necrosis factorαexpression increased as AOM-induced liver injury progressed.Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein phosphorylation was increased early during the progression of AOM-induced liver injury.Measures of apoptosis and cellular senescence all increased as the time course of AOM progressed.CONCLUSION These data support that necrosis,oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,and senescence were elevated in AOMtreated mice,with inflammation being the earliest significant change.展开更多
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and parental socialization have been postulated as environmental factors of at-risk mental state(ARMS).Parental socialization is the process through which parents shape children’s self-reg...BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and parental socialization have been postulated as environmental factors of at-risk mental state(ARMS).Parental socialization is the process through which parents shape children’s self-regulation by providing guidance and protection.Although the impact of trauma on ARMS has been theorized,its clinical implications have not yet been fully clarified in adolescence,nor have explanatory models of parenting styles been established.AIM To investigate the role of traumatic experiences in the appearance of ARMS in the general adolescent population,considering the influence of parental socialization.METHODS A cross-sectional study of 697 adolescents aged 11-15 years was conducted,during which several questionnaires assessing childhood trauma,psychotic symptoms,and parenting styles were administered.The sample was divided into control,low-risk,medium-risk,and high-risk groups.RESULTS Some 2.8%(n=19)of the adolescents presented ARMS and the presence of childhood trauma was associated with an increased risk of ARMS.Furthermore,the presence of abuse was greater in the high-risk and low-risk groups compared to controls.Regarding parental socialization,it was determined that a family socialization style based on greater affection–communication decreased the probability of ARMS.Finally,using PROCESS model 1(regressionbased path analysis that uses ordinary least squares regression),results suggested that low levels of affection and communication may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and ARMS in adolescents.CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of the early detection of trauma in preventing ARMS,without forgetting the importance of socialization styles.展开更多
The Makran Sea is a complex marine environment.The purpose of this research is screening of emulsifier-producing bacteria in this marine environment and optimization of emulsifier production by the best-producing stra...The Makran Sea is a complex marine environment.The purpose of this research is screening of emulsifier-producing bacteria in this marine environment and optimization of emulsifier production by the best-producing strain.Marine samples(seawater and sediments)were collected from four different zones in the Makran Sea.The emulsification activity index(E_(24))and Bacterial Ad-hesion To Hydrocarbons(BATH)were used to select the best emulsifier-producing strains.The prevalent strains were identified by PCR.The optimization of the emulsifier production medium by the best strain was done by two-level factorial design.Seventeen emulsifier-producing strains were isolated from sediments and seawater in the Makran Sea.The strains M6,BS-2,and J6 were select-ed between all isolates because they have 83%,91%,and 85%emulsification activity(E_(24))respectively.The results of sequencing confirmed that these three strains(M6,BS-2,and J6)belong to Cobetia marina,Shewanella alga,and Thalassospira permensis re-spectively.Maximum emulsifier production occurred at crude oil concentration(4%,v/v),peptone(2.5 g/L),yeast extract(1.5 g/L),molasses(2%),and at a temperature of 25℃.The results of this research confirmed that the Makran Sea has the potential to reach ro-bust marine bacteria with different biotechnological applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND A new nomenclature of metabolic associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)was proposed in 2023,thus expanding the diagnostic name of“MASLD combined with other etiologies”.AIM To investigate the clinical pr...BACKGROUND A new nomenclature of metabolic associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)was proposed in 2023,thus expanding the diagnostic name of“MASLD combined with other etiologies”.AIM To investigate the clinical profiles of patients with concurrent MASLD and ch-ronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.METHODS This study included participants from the Taiwan Bio-bank.The diagnostic cri-teria of MASLD encompassed hepatic steatosis and any cardio-metabolic risk factors.Positive hepatitis B surface antigen was considered indicative of chronic HBV infection.Dual etiology was defined as MASLD combined with chronic HBV infection(MASLD-HBV).Fibrosis 4(FIB-4)score determined the severity of liver fibrosis,and athero-sclerosis was diagnosed by the presence of carotid plaques on duplex ultrasound.RESULTS In a total of 18980 participants(mean age,55.18±10.35 years;males,30.42%),there were 7654(40.3%)MASLD patients and 2128(11.2%)HBV carriers.After propensity score matching for age and gender,HBV carriers had a lower percentage of MASLD than healthy controls.Those with dual etiology had higher aspartate aminotrans-ferase,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and FIB-4 levels,but lower gamma glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels than MASLD patients.In contrast,those with dual etiology had higher ALT and GGT levels,but lower FIB-4 than“HBV alone”patients.The risk of atherosclerosis was similar among these three groups.CONCLUSION MASLD-HBV patients have worse liver fibrosis severity than MASLD patients,but better liver fibrosis stage than“HBV alone”patients,suggesting a complex interaction between MASLD and chronic HBV infection.展开更多
文摘As an emerging technological form,the metaverse provides innovative transformations for all levels of education-including scenarios,resources,and models-through its highly immersive and powerful social interaction characteristics.Educational evaluation is core to assessing teaching effects and improving teaching strategies.With the technical support of the metaverse,challenges in traditional educational evaluation can be addressed,and comprehensive multi-dimensional portraits of individuals and collectives can be depicted,effectively enhancing teaching outcomes.Therefore,it has important value and untapped potential.This paper first analyzes the characteristics of educational evaluation in the metaverse context,discusses possible opportunities and challenges,then explores comprehensive practical paths from macro,meso,and micro levels,providing suggestions for the reform of educational evaluation in the metaverse environment.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2023JJ60076).
文摘Objective:Existing research shows that psychotherapists may experience secondary trauma and burnout,often neglecting self-care.This study aims to examine the effectiveness of self-care education in enhancing self-care efficacy among psychotherapists and explore factors affecting improvements in their self-care abilities.Methods:A self-care workshop was conducted for 159 psychotherapists from various fields.Participants’demographic information and self-care ability data were collected.The Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCA)was used to assess the participant’s self-care levels before and after the workshop.Results:Post-workshop,ESCA total scores and subscale scores of participants showed significant increases(all P<0.001).Notably,score improvement levels differed by gender and years of practice,with female therapists showing greater improvement than male therapists(t=2.069,P=0.040)and those with longer work experience showing greater improvement than those with shorter experience(F=2.537,P=0.042).Conclusion:Providing self-care education for psychotherapists is essential.Future self care education programs or interventions for psychotherapists should consider gender and work experience factors to better support their self-care enhancement.
基金Supported by Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project(2024-023ZK2024-047,2024-015)+3 种基金the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates from China(202310660082,S2024106601432X)University Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases by Authentic Medicinal Materials in Guizhou Province(2023-035)Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guizhou Province(QZYY-2024-134)Science Foundation of the Health Commission of Guizhou Province(gzwkj2025-538).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanism of lavandulyl flavonoid Kurarinol A(KA)from Sophora flavescens through the TGF/Smad signaling pathway.[Methods]A hepatic fibrosis model was established by TGF-β1-induced activation of human hepatic stellate cells LX-2.Western blot and RT-qPCR techniques were employed to study the anti-fibrotic mechanism of KA through the TGF/Smad signaling pathway.[Results]KA exerted anti-hepatic fibrosis effects by significantly reducing the gene expression levels of TGF-β1,Smad2,Smad3,and Smad4,as well as markedly decreasing the protein expression levels of TGF-β1,p-Smad2/3/Smad2/3,and Smad4.[Conclusions]KA demonstrates significant anti-hepatic fibrosis activity and alleviates liver fibrosis through the TGF/Smad signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51701091,12004148,12104199,12204216)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QA057)+1 种基金the Shandong Province Science and Technology Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Innovation Ability Enhancement Project(2023TSGC0352)the Innovation Team of Higher Educational Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province(2019KJA025)。
文摘Ultraviolet upconversion photoluminescence materials have great potential in various fields,but the improvement of the upconversion efficiency is challenging.Codoping of Li^(+)is considered as an effective strategy and widely used to improve the photoluminescence properties of phosphors.In this paper,Li^(+)is introduced into a Y_(7)O_(6)F_(9):Pr^(3+),Gd^(3+)system.The effect of Li^(+)codoping on the phase purity,crystal structure,micro structure,downshifting and upconversion photo luminescence as well as the decay dynamic of the phosphors was studied.It is revealed that the overall photoluminescence efficiency and the energy transfer efficiency from pr^(3+)to Gd^(3+)are greatly promoted.The downshifting and upconversion photoluminescence increase by 2.58 and 10 times as 6 mol%of Li^(+)is codoped.The photo luminescence decay dynamic study shows that the ^(3)P_(0)state decays slower in the Li^(+)-containing phosphor than the Li^(+)-free one.The improvement of the photoluminescence properties is due to the increase of the crystallinity and the reduce of the quenching center.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(52161016)Joint Key Project of Agricultural Fundamental Research in Yunnan Province(202101BD070001-017)+2 种基金Yunnan Provincial Academician Workstation(202305AF150009)Special Project of“Top Young Talents”of Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan(51900109)Special Project of“Leading Talents of Industrial Technology”of Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan(80201408)are acknowledged.
文摘A biodegradable and green organic compound octadecyl dimethyl benzyl amm-onium chloride(ODBAC)was used as an efficient inhibitor for cold rolled steel(CRS)in phosphoric acid(H_(3)PO_(4)).The mechanism of adsorption and film formation of ODBAC on CRS was studied through experimental and theoretical calculations.The weight loss method shows that the inhibition efficiency of ODBAC can reach 92.01%at a concentration of 10 mg·L^(-1).The adsorption of ODBAC on the CRS surface conforms to the Langmuir isotherm model,which is a mixed adsorption mainly based on physical adsorption.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and contact angle results confirmed the existence of the ODBAC film and steel surface's hydrophobicity has been significantly enhanced.Electrochemical test results reveal that the film's formation mainly inhibits the cathodic corrosion reaction and effectively increases the charge transfer resistance.Quantum chemical calculations have found that N18 in ODBAC and C24 and C25 on the benzene ring are the key active adsorption sites.Molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that ODBAC can sharply reduce the free fraction volume to 8%and inhibit the diffusion of corrosion particles,meaning that the formed ODBAC film makes it difficult for corrosion particles to penetrate,thus improving the corrosion resistance of CRS in H_(3)PO_(4).
基金funded by the 2023Laibin City Philosophy and Social Science Research Project(No.2023LBZS035)2024Guangxi Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.S202411546046X)2025 Research Project of Guangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.GXKS2025YB020).
文摘Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.
文摘Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a primary reason for liver cancer and continues to be a worldwide public health issue. The likelihood of contracting HBV is greater in healthcare workers (HCWs) compared to individuals who are not in healthcare professions. Medical students are classified as a high-risk demographic since, like HCWs, they often come into contact with bodily fluids and blood during their clinical training. By 2030, a greater proportion of people will have received HBV vaccinations, thereby halting the spread of new infections—The Somali Ministry of Health with the help of various agencies announced to eradicate hepatitis from Somalia. The priority actions are national hepatitis strategy, hepatitis survey, public awareness, training, and capacity building. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and vaccination status of Hepatitis B infection among medical university students in Mogadishu, Somalia, 2024. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used in this study and the survey was carried out among medical students enrolled in Universities from April 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 software, Chi-square analysis and Logistic regression analysis to identify associations between demographic factors and HBV knowledge, attitudes, and vaccination status, as well as perspectives and immunization status concerning viral hepatitis. Results: The study achieved a response rate of (96%), with 230 participants. Most students (76.5%) were aged 26 - 30 years, and (60.8%) were male. Nearly half (48.7%) were in their third year of study, and the majority (36.1%) were from the Medicine and Surgery department. While 92.2% had heard of HBV, gaps in understanding were evident. About 37.8% erroneously believed HBV could spread via handshakes, and only 33.9% were aware HBV is treatable. Awareness of HBV’s severe complications, such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, was reported by 61.3%, and 83% understood that vaccination could prevent infection. Positive attitudes towards HBV vaccination were prevalent. Most participants (81.3%) supported vaccination before sexual activity, and 78.3% endorsed mandatory HBV vaccination policies for healthcare workers. However, 87.4% expressed concerns about the vaccine promoting unsafe sexual behavior, and 96.1% cited cultural resistance as a barrier to vaccination. A significant proportion (80.86%) of students had not been vaccinated against HBV. Among vaccinated students, 17.4%, 15.7%, and 47.82% had received one, two, and three doses, respectively. Barriers to vaccination included safety concerns (77.4%), lack of time (86.52%), and doubts about efficacy (42.61%). Conclusion: This study highlights gaps in knowledge and vaccination coverage among medical students, which are critical for their health and future clinical practice. Enhancing awareness and vaccination rates can empower students to advocate for preventative measures in their professional environments. Despite high awareness of HBV, knowledge gaps and cultural barriers persist, affecting attitudes and vaccination uptake among medical students. Educational interventions addressing misconceptions, cultural resistance, and vaccine safety are critical. Increased advocacy for mandatory vaccination policies in healthcare settings is also essential to improve HBV prevention methods.
基金the financial supports from the Department of Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2020GG0192)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2022ZD04)Inner Mongolia Normal University。
文摘Chloroform is a common and excellent solvent for preparing high-efficient organic solar cells(OSCs),however,it is toxic and poisonable chemical.In comparisons,deuterated chloroform(DC)is less toxic and costly,and particularly,it is non-poisonable chemical.In this paper,we use DC to replace ultra-dry chloroform(UC)as the processing solvent for preparation of active layers of organic solar cells.First,we selected PM6:BTP-e C9 as the basic binary and counted 100 solar cells'data,from which comparable device performance were obtained with use of DC and UC.Interestingly,DC showed better reproducibility,superior storage under a nitrogen atmosphere and a little better performance than UC.Both DC and UC gave rise of comparable hole and electron mobilities and similar charge recombination losses.Second,we based PM6:Y6 and D18-Cl:Y6 as the binaries and similar effects were obtained from both UC and DC when counting 30 devices for each binary.Third,the universality of the use of DC for preparing highefficient OSCs were again checked with several binary and ternary systems.In all,this study demonstrate that DC can replace UC for use in the field of OSCs.
文摘There is curiosity and awareness throughout the world regarding the role of Information and Communication technologies. This is felt in each and every section of society. Several studies have confirmed and considered information and communication technology’s significance in the field of education. It has not only affected learners but also to the teachers. This paper explores how ICT-based projects affect teachers’ and students’ attitudes. The data was collected through self-prepared attitude scale. It was distributed among the teachers and students of various schools. Two hundred students and one hundred twenty teachers responded to the questionnaire. Analysis was done through the data collected from the teachers as well as from students. The study’s conclusions demonstrated that while there was no significant variation in the attitudes of teachers utilizing different ICT-based programs, there was a substantial difference in the students’ attitude toward learning with different ICT-based programs.
基金Supported by the Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.KYCX233374.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal surgical acute abdomen conditions.These conditions not only cause significant suffering to patients but also increase psychological stress for both patients and their families.AIM To investigate communication characteristics in gastrointestinal surgical acute abdomen cases(such as appendicitis and pancreatitis)and explore optimization pathways.METHODS Eighty-two patients with gastrointestinal surgical acute abdomen(including appendicitis and pancreatitis)admitted to the hospital between November 2022 and June 2024 were selected.Physician-patient communication characteristics were analyzed.Patients were randomly divided into two groups(41 each)using a random draw method.The control group received conventional physician-patient communication.The observation group received an optimized communication model based on the conventional method.The two groups were compared for treatment efficacy and outcomes,psychological status,coping strategies,sleep quality,and compliance.RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of time to ambulation and duration of hospital stay(P<0.05),whereas hospitalization costs were not significantly different(P>0.05).After the intervention,the psychological status scale scores in both groups decreased significantly(P<0.05),with significant differences between the groups(P<0.05).Following the intervention,the facing subscale scores of the medical coping questionnaire increased,while the avoidance and submission subscale scores decreased(P<0.05),with significant differences between the groups(P<0.05).The observation group had lower scores on the sleep quality scale(P<0.05).The compliance rate was higher in the observation group(97.56%vs 80.49%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Physician-patient communication presented contradictions between professionalism and laymen’s expression and rigid communication methods.Optimizing communication models can improve sleep quality,coping strategies,patient compliance,and treatment outcomes and reduce negative emotions.
基金funded by Hanshan Normal University School-Level Research Initiation Program(grant numbers QD202244QD2024207)+3 种基金the Guangdong Higher Education Society’s“Fourteenth Five-Year”Plan 2024 Higher Education Research(grant number 24GYB43)the 2024 Guangdong Provincial Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Engineering Project:Excellence Program for Cultivating Publicly-Funded Pre-service Teachers for Primary Education in the Context of Rural Revitalizationthe Hanshan Normal University Guangdong East Regional Education Collaborative Innovation Research Centerfunded by these sources.
文摘This study utilized a sequential mediating model to examine the role of motivation to learn and transfer selfefficacy in the relationships between perceived content validity,mentoring function,continuous learning work culture and intention to transfer learning.The sample comprized 429 final-year apprentices in Guangdong province,China(females=69.9%,Engineering&Medicine=69%,mean age=20.99,SD=1.60).The apprentices completed standardized measures of motivation to learn,transfer self-efficacy perceived content validity,mentoring function,and continuous learning work culture.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.Results showed perceived content validity,mentoring function,continuous learning culture to predict intention to transfer learning.Of these factors,perceived content validity was the strongest predictor of intention to transfer learning.Of these factors,perceived content validity was the most influential predictor of intention to transfer learning.The motivation to learn and transfer self-efficacy sequentially mediated the relationship between mentoring function and intention to learning transfer to be stronger than by either alone.Although perceived content validity and continuous learning culture exhibited no significant direct effects on intention to transfer learning,they demonstrated positive indirect associations with intention to transfer via motivation to learn and transfer self-efficacy.These study findings extend the applications of the learning transfer framework to individuals undergoing apprenticeship training which also would apply to other a long-term work-based learning programs.
基金Supported by Youth Project of Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital,No.[2022]203Discipline Project of Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital,No.[2021]33Research Fund of Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital,No.RCYJ202201.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide,with a significant subset of patients exhibiting absence of carcinoembryonic-antigen(CEA)expression.The lack of effective diagnostic method for CEA-negative CRC prevents its early treatment.AIM To identify potentially valuable biomarkers for identifying CEA-negative CRC,the hematological characteristics of patients with CEA-negative CRC was investigated.METHODS In this retrospective analysis,74 patients were included who had been pathologically confirmed to have CEA-negative CRC,along with 79 individuals diagnosed with benign colorectal conditions.The utility of various biomarkers was evaluated using analysis of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.RESULTS Compared with patients with benign colorectal diseases,those with CEA-negative CRC had lower hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio(HRR)and lymphocyte-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio(LRR),and higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that HRR was negatively correlated with T stage(r=-0.237),LRR was negatively correlated with T stage(r=-0.265)and distant metastasis(r=-0.321),and PLR was positively correlated with T stage(r=0.251)(all P<0.05).ROC analysis indicated that HRR outperformed LRR and PLR in identifying CEA-negative CRC.Combining HRR and PLR provided the highest area under the curve(area under the curve=0.808;sensitivity=82.43%;specificity=68.35%)for distinguishing CEA-negative CRC from benign colorectal diseases.CONCLUSION HRR,LRR,and PLR alone or in combination could be used to distinguish CEA-negative CRC from benign colorectal diseases.
文摘Most fish exhibit remarkable morphological diversity,which is often influenced by genetic variation and ecological pressures.Consequently,these are the outcomes of organisms’responses to their environment.Meanwhile,modern morphometrics can quantify shape variation within species of the same group.This study aims to determine the body shape variation of Glossogobius giuris from Lake Mainit,Agusan Del Norte,Philippines.60 adult,uniform-sized fish samples were collected and subjected to standardized laboratory procedures.Further,the samples were digitized for 16 homologous landmark points and loaded into Symmetry Asymmetry Geometric Data(SAGE)Software.Across the tested factors—individuals,sides,and individual x sides—result shows that shape variations among individuals were highly significant(F=2.1045,p<0.0001),along with among males(F=3.2711,p<0.0001).Females exhibited higher Fluctuating Asymmetry(FA)(F=18.99,p<0.0001)compared to males(F=7.0964,p<0.0001).It suggests morphological shape differences across the sexes,and the shape variation observed could be a response to environmental perturbations.Shape variations were associated with swimming,food hunting,and predator defense.Moreover,Principal Component Analysis(PCA)demonstrates higher scores of FA in females(81.96%)than in males(74.76%).It was noticed that females had a high fluctuating asymmetry.It might be due to various physiological and ecological pressures compared to males.The observed levels of directional and fluctuating asymmetry in males and females,respectively,may indicate sex-linked morphological and developmental processes,which are important to consider in ecological or evolutionary contexts.Thus,utilizing geometric morphometrics can depict subtle differences across the same populations.
基金Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects,Grant/Award Number:Qian Science Foundation-ZK[2023]General 328Guizhou Provincial Education Department Young Scientific Talent,Grant/Award Number:Qianjiaoji[2024]93+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:42077313Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Medical University Incubation Program,Grant/Award Number:20NSP084Research Foundation for Advanced Talents of Guizhou Medical University,Grant/Award Number:University Contract of Doctors J[2021]014Guizhou Provincial 2020 Science and Technology Subsidies,Grant/Award Number:GZ 2020SIG。
文摘Background:Recent research showed that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in the central nervous system of mice administered chronic ethanol(EtOH).Dictyophora polysaccharides(DIPs)are essential components of the valuable edible fungus Dictyophora,which has antioxidant properties that can delay the aging process of the body.This study aimed to investigate the roles of NLRP3 in chronic EtOH-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell(PC)degeneration and behavioral changes.Methods:C57BL/6J normal and NLRP3 knockout mice were exposed to EtOH for 14 days.Dictyophora polysaccharide(DIP)and NLRP3 inhibitor were administered to the EtOH mice.The pathology and NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 signaling pathway proteins were analyzed in EtOH mice cerebellar tissues and behavioral performance was assessed in the mice.Results:In the EtOH mouse model,we observed increases in the NLRP3 inflammasome proteins,including NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,mature IL-1βand pro IL-1β,loss of PCs,and motor coordination disorders.We found that DIPs could suppress the NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 signaling pathway,and alleviate the motor deficits and cerebellar pathological changes in chronic EtOH mice.Next,we used MCC950,a NLRP3 inhibitor,and an NLRP3 knockout strategy to further verify the effects of NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 signaling in chronic EtOH mice.MCC950 or NLRP3 knockout alleviated the EtOH-induced latency to decreases in fall time,increases in stride width and decreases in stride length.MCC950 or NLRP3 knockout also attenuated PC number loss and suppressed NLRP3 inflammation induced by EtOH.Taken together,pharmacologically or genetically inhibiting NLRP3 alleviated EtOH-induced cerebellar degeneration and behavioral deficits.Conclusion:These findings indicated that DIPs might diminish EtOH-induced cerebellar degeneration and behavioral deficits through the NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 signaling pathway,which provides a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of alcoholism and EtOH-induced cerebellar pathology.
文摘Background:Thepostdoctoral workforce has been expanding worldwide,playing a vital role in scientific progress,innovation,and knowledge dissemination.Nevertheless,their mental health is also increasingly a global concern,exacerbated by challenges such as intense competition,growing responsibilities,and pressure to publish.Purpose:Research on work characteristics is essential for guiding policy and interventions,offering valuable insights into the factors that affect postdoctoral researchers’mental health.Hence,this study aims to examine the impact of work characteristics on postdocs’mental health and explore the underlyingmechanisms drawing on the Job Demands-Resources(JD-R)model.Methods:Using data from Nature’s 2020 Global Postdoc Survey,this study examines how work-related factors influence mental health through regression analysis and percentile bootstrap methods,and eight hypotheses are proposed.Results:Working hours,overtime frequency,and job insecurity negatively predicted postdocs’work-life balance satisfaction and directly increased the likelihood of mental health problems.Mentor support,job autonomy,and rewards enhanced work-life balance satisfaction and directly decreased the possibility of mental health problems.All six job characteristics indirectly influenced postdocs’mental health through worklife balance satisfaction.Working hours had a stronger negative impact on work-life balance satisfaction for female postdocs,while job insecurity had a stronger negative impact onmale postdocs’work-life balance satisfaction.However,no significant gender differences were found in the impact of overtime frequency on work-life balance satisfaction.Conclusion:Job demands(working hours,overtime frequency,and job insecurity)significantly increased postdocs’mental health problems whereas job resources(mentor support,job autonomy,and rewards)mitigated these problems.All these impacts were mediated through work-life balance satisfaction.Gender differences were evident regarding the relationship between job demands(working hours and job insecurity)andwork-life balance satisfaction.These findings provide a basis for future research on the broader causal relationships between work characteristics and postdocs’mental health,as well as studies examining variations across countries,cultures,and disciplines.This study also offers actionable recommendations for institutions,funding agencies,and mentors to foster better working conditions to improve postdocs’well-being.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Scientific Research Plan Project of Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371521Special Tasks for the Construction of Hunan Innovative Province,No.2023SK4002.
文摘BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.It remains unclear whether anxiety and depression are caused by stressors or viral infection.AIM To use functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to detect cortical hemodynamic changes in patients with COVID-19 and their relationship with mental symptoms(mainly depression and anxiety),to investigate whether COVID-19 causes these changes by affecting brain function.METHODS A total of 58 subjects,comprising 29 patients with first acute COVID-19 infection and 29 healthy controls without COVID-19 infection and without anxiety or depression were recruited.Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test(VFT)and brain connectivity during the resting state(rs)were evaluated by 53-channel fNIRS.For the COVID-19-infected group,Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to assess the emotional state before fNIRS measures.RESULTS For the rs,compared to the uninfected group,the infected group exhibited lower rs functional connectivity(FC)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),which was correlated with both the PHQ score and GAD score.During the VFT,the infected group exhibited significantly lower cortical activation than the uninfected group in both Broca-left and Broca-right.Besides,the integral value in the DLPFC-L showed a significant negative correlation with the PHQ-9 score during the VFT in the infected group.CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the bilateral Broca area and DLPFC between the COVID-19-infected and uninfected groups,which may be the reason why COVID-19 infection impairs cognitive function and language function and leads to psychiatric symptoms.In addition,the rsFC in patients with COVID-19 was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety,which may be related to the fact that the mental symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are characterized by depression and anxiety,rather than depression or anxiety alone.Our study provides evidence that the psychological and emotional issues caused by COVID-19 are not only due to external social factors but also involve more direct brain neural mechanisms and abnormal neural circuits,which also provide insights into the future treatment and prognosis of individuals with COVID-19.
基金Supported by The Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research&Development Service Award,No.BX003486(to McMillin M)National Institutes of Health Awards,No.R01DK112803 and No.R01DK135995(to DeMorrow S).
文摘BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a loss of liver function due to a severe hepatic insult.Studies utilizing the azoxymethane(AOM)mouse model of ALF,which also generates hepatic encephalopathy,have primarily focused on development of neurological deficits.However,the molecular processes that generate liver damage have not been fully characterized.Therefore,a more comprehensive characterization of the hepatic consequences of AOM toxicity is needed to better understand this disease model.AIM To identify molecular pathology contributing to hepatic injury during the progression of AOM-induced ALF.METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected with AOM to produce ALF and hepatic encephalopathy.Tissue was collected at defined stages of neurological decline up to coma.Liver injury,CYP2E1 expression,oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,necroptosis,and hepatocellular senescence were assessed.RESULTS Increased hepatic necrosis and exacerbated liver injury were observed after AOM injection as mice progressed towards coma.CYP2E1 expression decreased in AOM-treated mice as liver injury progressed.Malondialdehyde,myeloperoxidase and other measures of oxidative stress were significantly increased during AOM-induced ALF.Hepatic CCL2 and tumor necrosis factorαexpression increased as AOM-induced liver injury progressed.Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein phosphorylation was increased early during the progression of AOM-induced liver injury.Measures of apoptosis and cellular senescence all increased as the time course of AOM progressed.CONCLUSION These data support that necrosis,oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,and senescence were elevated in AOMtreated mice,with inflammation being the earliest significant change.
基金Supported by Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU,CEU Universities,No.GIR24/27。
文摘BACKGROUND Childhood trauma and parental socialization have been postulated as environmental factors of at-risk mental state(ARMS).Parental socialization is the process through which parents shape children’s self-regulation by providing guidance and protection.Although the impact of trauma on ARMS has been theorized,its clinical implications have not yet been fully clarified in adolescence,nor have explanatory models of parenting styles been established.AIM To investigate the role of traumatic experiences in the appearance of ARMS in the general adolescent population,considering the influence of parental socialization.METHODS A cross-sectional study of 697 adolescents aged 11-15 years was conducted,during which several questionnaires assessing childhood trauma,psychotic symptoms,and parenting styles were administered.The sample was divided into control,low-risk,medium-risk,and high-risk groups.RESULTS Some 2.8%(n=19)of the adolescents presented ARMS and the presence of childhood trauma was associated with an increased risk of ARMS.Furthermore,the presence of abuse was greater in the high-risk and low-risk groups compared to controls.Regarding parental socialization,it was determined that a family socialization style based on greater affection–communication decreased the probability of ARMS.Finally,using PROCESS model 1(regressionbased path analysis that uses ordinary least squares regression),results suggested that low levels of affection and communication may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and ARMS in adolescents.CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of the early detection of trauma in preventing ARMS,without forgetting the importance of socialization styles.
基金supported by Shahid Bahonar Universi-ty of Kerman.
文摘The Makran Sea is a complex marine environment.The purpose of this research is screening of emulsifier-producing bacteria in this marine environment and optimization of emulsifier production by the best-producing strain.Marine samples(seawater and sediments)were collected from four different zones in the Makran Sea.The emulsification activity index(E_(24))and Bacterial Ad-hesion To Hydrocarbons(BATH)were used to select the best emulsifier-producing strains.The prevalent strains were identified by PCR.The optimization of the emulsifier production medium by the best strain was done by two-level factorial design.Seventeen emulsifier-producing strains were isolated from sediments and seawater in the Makran Sea.The strains M6,BS-2,and J6 were select-ed between all isolates because they have 83%,91%,and 85%emulsification activity(E_(24))respectively.The results of sequencing confirmed that these three strains(M6,BS-2,and J6)belong to Cobetia marina,Shewanella alga,and Thalassospira permensis re-spectively.Maximum emulsifier production occurred at crude oil concentration(4%,v/v),peptone(2.5 g/L),yeast extract(1.5 g/L),molasses(2%),and at a temperature of 25℃.The results of this research confirmed that the Makran Sea has the potential to reach ro-bust marine bacteria with different biotechnological applications.
基金Supported by Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital,Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation,No.TCRD-TPE-112-11.
文摘BACKGROUND A new nomenclature of metabolic associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)was proposed in 2023,thus expanding the diagnostic name of“MASLD combined with other etiologies”.AIM To investigate the clinical profiles of patients with concurrent MASLD and ch-ronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.METHODS This study included participants from the Taiwan Bio-bank.The diagnostic cri-teria of MASLD encompassed hepatic steatosis and any cardio-metabolic risk factors.Positive hepatitis B surface antigen was considered indicative of chronic HBV infection.Dual etiology was defined as MASLD combined with chronic HBV infection(MASLD-HBV).Fibrosis 4(FIB-4)score determined the severity of liver fibrosis,and athero-sclerosis was diagnosed by the presence of carotid plaques on duplex ultrasound.RESULTS In a total of 18980 participants(mean age,55.18±10.35 years;males,30.42%),there were 7654(40.3%)MASLD patients and 2128(11.2%)HBV carriers.After propensity score matching for age and gender,HBV carriers had a lower percentage of MASLD than healthy controls.Those with dual etiology had higher aspartate aminotrans-ferase,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and FIB-4 levels,but lower gamma glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels than MASLD patients.In contrast,those with dual etiology had higher ALT and GGT levels,but lower FIB-4 than“HBV alone”patients.The risk of atherosclerosis was similar among these three groups.CONCLUSION MASLD-HBV patients have worse liver fibrosis severity than MASLD patients,but better liver fibrosis stage than“HBV alone”patients,suggesting a complex interaction between MASLD and chronic HBV infection.
