Sediment properties have a crucial effect on the growth and recovery of aquatic plants in lakes.Addition of various chemical substances has been proposed to reinforce the recovery of plants after a nutrient loading re...Sediment properties have a crucial effect on the growth and recovery of aquatic plants in lakes.Addition of various chemical substances has been proposed to reinforce the recovery of plants after a nutrient loading reduction.However,the effects of such sediment amendments on plant growth,especially those from rhizosphere microorganisms,is limited.We added Kaolin clay to sediments in different concentrations to explore its impact on the growth of Vallisneria natans and Ottelia acuminate and the concurrent shift in rhizosphere microorganisms using high-throughput sequencing technology.We found that the addition of low doses(10%and 20%in mass ratio)of Kaolin significantly modified sediment conditions(oxidation reduction potential and pH),with implications also for the composition,diversity,and stability of rhizosphere microorganisms.LEfSe analysis revealed that low-dose addition of Kaolin increased the abundances of functional microbial groups that benefit plant nutrient absorption and enhance plant stress resistance,such as Spirillaceae,Rhodocyclaceae,and Burkholderiales.Moreover,low doses of Kaolin significantly promoted the photosynthesis and nutrient absorption of submerged macrophytes,thereby facilitating plant growth.A structural equation model(SEM)indicated that the direct impact of Kaolin on the growth of submerged plants was relatively minor,while the indirect effect through modulation of rhizosphere microorganisms was important.Our study suggests that low doses of Kaolin may be used to promote the growth of submerged macrophytes when lakes with a high organic content in the sediment are recovering after nutrient loading reduction.展开更多
Intelligent chatbots powered by large language models(LLMs)have recently been sweeping the world,with potential for a wide variety of industrial applications.Global frontier technology companies are feverishly partici...Intelligent chatbots powered by large language models(LLMs)have recently been sweeping the world,with potential for a wide variety of industrial applications.Global frontier technology companies are feverishly participating in LLM-powered chatbot design and development,providing several alternatives beyond the famous ChatGPT.However,training,fine-tuning,and updating such intelligent chatbots consume substantial amounts of electricity,resulting in significant carbon emissions.The research and development of all intelligent LLMs and software,hardware manufacturing(e.g.,graphics processing units and supercomputers),related data/operations management,and material recycling supporting chatbot services are associated with carbon emissions to varying extents.Attention should therefore be paid to the entire life-cycle energy and carbon footprints of LLM-powered intelligent chatbots in both the present and future in order to mitigate their climate change impact.In this work,we clarify and highlight the energy consumption and carbon emission implications of eight main phases throughout the life cycle of the development of such intelligent chatbots.Based on a life-cycle and interaction analysis of these phases,we propose a system-level solution with three strategic pathways to optimize the management of this industry and mitigate the related footprints.While anticipating the enormous potential of this advanced technology and its products,we make an appeal for a rethinking of the mitigation pathways and strategies of the life-cycle energy usage and carbon emissions of the LLM-powered intelligent chatbot industry and a reshaping of their energy and environmental implications at this early stage of development.展开更多
Comprehensive studies of the effects of various physical and chemical variables(including heavymetals),antibiotics,and microorganisms in the environment on antibiotic resistance genes are rare.We collected sediment sa...Comprehensive studies of the effects of various physical and chemical variables(including heavymetals),antibiotics,and microorganisms in the environment on antibiotic resistance genes are rare.We collected sediment samples from the Shatian Lake aquaculture area and surrounding lakes and rivers located in Shanghai,China.The spatial distribution of sediment ARGs was assessed by metagenomic analysis that revealed 26 ARG types(510 subtypes),dominated by Multidrug,β-lactam,Aminoglycoside,Glycopeptides,Fluoroquinolone,and Tetracyline.Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that antibiotics(SAs and MLs)in the aqueous environment and sediment along with water TN and TP were the key variables affecting the abundance distribution of total ARGs.However,the main environmental drivers and key influences differed among the different ARGs.For total ARGs,the environmental subtypes affecting their structural composition and distribution characteristics were mainly antibiotic residues.Procrustes analysis showed a significant correlation between ARGs and microbial communities in the sediment in the survey area.Network analysis revealed that most of the target ARGs were significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms,and a small number of ARGs(e.g.,rpoB,mdtC,and efpA)were highly significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms(e.g.,Knoellia,Tetrasphaera,and Gem-matirosa).Potential hosts for the major ARGs included Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Gemmatimonadetes.Our study provides new insight and a comprehensive assessment of the distribution and abundance of ARGs and the drivers of ARG occurrence and transmission.展开更多
Eutrophication and climate warming have intensified the global expansion of invasive cyanobacteria such as Cylindrospermopsis spp.and Chrysosporum spp.Cylindrospermopsin(CYN)produced by species of the latter two gener...Eutrophication and climate warming have intensified the global expansion of invasive cyanobacteria such as Cylindrospermopsis spp.and Chrysosporum spp.Cylindrospermopsin(CYN)produced by species of the latter two genera may harm phytoplankton,zooplankton,and fishes.However,effects of CYN on the bacterioplankton community have not been studied.Based on high-throughput sequencing,we explored the effect of CYN on the structure and function of the bacterioplankton community by adding pure CYN to in-situ water collected from a brackish coastal shallow lake:Dishui Lake,China.We found that most bacterioplankton taxa had a certain tolerance potential to CYN,but that high concentrations of CYN(40μg/L)caused a significant decrease in microbial abundance and functional groups.Of the dominant phyla,Actinobacteria had the strongest tolerance to CYN.Network analysis indicated that CYN caused shifts in the community structure of the bacterioplankton,reducing community stability and structural complexity.High CYN concentrations also reduced the correlation between the different bacterioplankton groups,and the abundances of some bacterial taxa associated with the denitrification function and the process of carbon transfer in the microbial food web were inhibited.Our study provide s new insight into the response of the bacterioplankton communities to harmful algal toxins produced by cyanobacteria.展开更多
Background:GPS/GSM tracking data were used to contrast use of(i)habitats and(ii)protected areas between three Arctic-nesting Greater White-fronted Geese(Anser albifrons,GWFG)populations throughout the annual cycle.We ...Background:GPS/GSM tracking data were used to contrast use of(i)habitats and(ii)protected areas between three Arctic-nesting Greater White-fronted Geese(Anser albifrons,GWFG)populations throughout the annual cycle.We wished to demonstrate that the East Asian Continental Population(which winters on natural wetlands in the Chinese Yangtze River floodplain and is currently declining)avoids using farmland at multiple wintering sites.We also gath-ered tracking evidence to support general observations from two increasing population of GWFG,the North Sea-Baltic(which winters in Europe)and the West Pacific(which winter in Korea and Japan)winter mostly within farmland landscapes,using wetlands only for safe night roosts.Methods:We tracked 156 GWFG throughout their annual cycle using GPS/GSM transmitters from these three popu-lations to determine migration routes and stopover staging patterns.We used Brownian Bridge Movement Models to generate summer,winter and migration stopover home ranges which we then overlaid in GIS with land cover and protected area boundary at national level to determine habitat use and degree of protection from nature conserva-tion designated areas.Results:Data confirmed that 73%of European wintering GWFG homes ranges were from within farmland,com-pared to 59%in Japan and Korea,but just 5%in China,confirming the heavy winter use of agricultural landscapes by GWFG away from China,and avoidance of farmland at multiple sites within the Yangtze River floodplain.The same GWFG used farmland in northeast China in spring and autumn,confirming their experience of exploiting such habi-tats at other stages of their annual cycle.Chinese wintering birds showed the greatest overlap with protected areas of all three populations,showing current levels of site safeguard are failing to protect this population.Conclusions:Results confirm the need for strategic planning to protect the East Asian Continental GWFG popu-lation.While the site protection network in place to protect the species seems adequate,it has failed to stop the declines.Buffalo grazing could serve as one simple strategy to improve the condition of feeding habitats at Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake in the Yangtze,where vast Carex meadows exist.In addition,while we warn against pushing GWFG to winter farmland feeding in China because of the long-term potential to conflict with agricultural interests,we recommend experimental sacrificial,disturbance-free farmland within designated refuge areas adjacent to the Yangtze River floodplain wetland reserves as a manipulative experiment to improve the conservation status of this population in years when natural food sources are limited.展开更多
Sympatric Chinese-wintering Eastern Tundra Bean Geese(Anser fabalis serrirostris,ETBG)breed in two widely separated Arctic areas(Central Russian Arctic and Anadyr region);South Korean-wintering birds(Chaun-South Korea...Sympatric Chinese-wintering Eastern Tundra Bean Geese(Anser fabalis serrirostris,ETBG)breed in two widely separated Arctic areas(Central Russian Arctic and Anadyr region);South Korean-wintering birds(Chaun-South Korea)breed in a third discrete area between these two.Such winter/summer segregation likely structures the population,potentially resulting in distinct migration patterns and habitat-use throughout the annual cycle.We tracked individuals using GPS-GSM transmitters from all three of these geographically discrete ETBG subpopulations to see whether this was the case,testing for differences in migration patterns,seasonal and diurnal habitat-use using remotely sensed land-cover mapping.Mean migration distance of Central Arctic-China and Chaun-South Korea individuals did not differ significantly,but Anadyr-China birds travelled 15–24%further(mean:1140 km,P<0.001).Despite this,mean spring migration durations were longest among Central ArcticChina ETBG,significantly longer than Anadyr-China geese,due to significantly longer stopovers,which were significantly longer than Chaun-South Korea birds.Autumn migration duration of Central Arctic-China and Chaun-South Korea individuals was significantly shorter than in spring,with fewer,shorter stopovers.Lack of significant differences in migration and stopover duration or numbers of stopovers between spring and autumn among Anadyr-China ETBG confirms this is a plastic trait,differing between subpopulations responding to prevailing conditions.Migration patterns and habitat-use differed significantly between all three ETBG subpopulations,although all tended to use wetlands more at night and croplands more in daytime in winter,suggesting specific adaptations and responses to differing conditions encountered along their different migration routes.Although untestable,we speculate that differences in habitat-use may affect fitness levels and genetic exchange between subpopulations,but based on our observations,conclude clear differences in migration and foraging ecology between these elements of the same subspecies,even in winter sympatry.展开更多
Bergmann's rule predicts that the larger of two homeotherm species differing only in size would occur at higher latitudes, or in cooler climates than the smaller, because of relative thermoregulatory costs in rela...Bergmann's rule predicts that the larger of two homeotherm species differing only in size would occur at higher latitudes, or in cooler climates than the smaller, because of relative thermoregulatory costs in relation to body mass/surface area ratio. Individual tracking data from two congeneric long-distance migratory northern nesting swan species, Tundra Cygnus columbianus (TS, n = 99) and Whooper Swans C. cygnus (WS, 61–71% larger mass than TS, n = 47) were used to determine their summering and wintering latitudes along similar migration routes and common staging areas along the same flyway. We hypothesised that throughout Arctic and Boreal breeding areas (10℃ in July), summer ambient temperatures mainly exceed the Lower Critical Temperatures (LCT, c. 1℃) for both swan species, so the duration of the snow-free summer period will favour smaller body size at highest latitudes, since this constrains the time available to lay, incubate eggs and raise cygnets to fledging. We hypothesised that in contrast, in winter, both species occur in temperatures near to freezing (−3℃ in January), below their respective LCT, so differential thermoregulation demands would constrain TS to winter south of WS. Tracking of individuals showed for the first time that while smaller TS summered significantly north of WS, WS wintered significantly north of TS, with limited overlap in both seasons. We conclude that differences in relative summer distribution of these two closely related migratory herbivores are not to do with latitude per se but are constrained by the time both species require to raise their young to fledging during the short northern summer, when thermoregulation costs are unlikely limiting. In winter, both swan species occur within a climate envelop at or below their respective LCT and smaller TS occurred consistently south of the range of the tracked WS, as predicted by Bergmann's rule.展开更多
Microcystins(MCs)are one of the most prevalent cyanotoxins and pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health,particularly in lakes used as drinking water sources.However,knowledge about the MC concentr...Microcystins(MCs)are one of the most prevalent cyanotoxins and pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health,particularly in lakes used as drinking water sources.However,knowledge about the MC concentrations in plateau lakes experiencing high solar radiation is scarce.This study investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of MCs in eight Yunnan Plateau lakes in China,focusing on their relationships with environmental factors.Water samples(n=63)were collected during summer and winter seasons and analyzed for MC concentrations along with a suite of environmental variables.Results revealed significant seasonal and spatial variations in MC concentrations,with higher levels in eutrophic lakes Dianchi,Erhai,and Xingyunhu.Notably,mean MC concentrations in Lake Dianchi during summer and Erhai during winter exceeded the World Health Organization’s provisional guideline of 1μg/L for drinking water.Seasonal analyses revealed distinct regulatory mechanisms:MC concentrations in summer were positively correlated with total phosphorus,total nitrogen,turbidity,and chlorophyll a,reflecting the influence of eutrophication on cyanobacterial growth.While solar radiation intensity(SRI)exhibited a dual role:moderate SRI in winter was associated with higher MC levels,whereas higher SRI in summer suppressed MC production,likely due to photoinhibition or MC degradation.Strikingly,water temperature showed no significant correlation with MC concentrations,suggesting that high solar radiation in the Yunnan Plateau may override temperature-dependent effects on cyanobacterial growth.These findings highlight the importance of nutrient management and the regulatory role of solar radiation in regulating MC production in high-altitude lakes.The study underscores the need for region-specific strategies to mitigate cyanobacterial risks,particularly in drinking water source lakes,by integrating nutrient control and the unique light regime of plateau ecosystems.展开更多
Anthropogenic and natural disturbance to inland aquatic ecosystems displays a notable spatial difference,yet data to measure these differences are scarce.This study encompasses 217 lakes distributed over five lake reg...Anthropogenic and natural disturbance to inland aquatic ecosystems displays a notable spatial difference,yet data to measure these differences are scarce.This study encompasses 217 lakes distributed over five lake regions of China and elucidates the environmental factors determining the spatial variability of the water quality and trophic status.A significant correlation between human modification index in surrounding terrestrial systems(HMT)and trophic status of lake ecosystems(TSI)was found,and the regression slope in each region was similar except in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region.It was further noted that the pattern of environmental factor network(EF network)differed among freshwater and saline lakes.The EF network was complex for freshwater lakes in less human-influenced areas,but intensive man-made influence disrupted most relationships except for those between total nitrogen,total phosphorus,chlorophyll-a,and water turbidity.As for regions including saline lakes,correlations among water salinity and organic forms of carbon and nitrogen were apparent.Our results suggest that HMT and EF network can be useful indicators of the ecological integrity of local lake ecosystems,and integrating spatial information on a large scale provides conservation planners the option for evaluating the potential risk on inland aquatic systems.展开更多
Dissolved organicmatter(DOM)is a heterogeneous pool of compounds and exhibits diverse adsorption characteristics with or without phosphorous(P)competition.The impacts of these factors on the burial and mobilization of...Dissolved organicmatter(DOM)is a heterogeneous pool of compounds and exhibits diverse adsorption characteristics with or without phosphorous(P)competition.The impacts of these factors on the burial and mobilization of organic carbon and P in aquatic ecosystems remain uncertain.In this study,an algae-derived DOM(ADOM)and a commercially available humic acid(HA)with distinct compositions were assessed for their adsorption behaviors onto iron(oxy)hydroxides(FeOx),both in the absence and presence of phosphate.ADOM contained less aromatics but more protein-like and highly unsaturated structures with oxygen compounds(HUSO)than HA.The adsorption capacity of FeOx was significantly greater for ADOM than for HA.Protein-like and HUSO compounds in ADOM and humic-like compounds and macromolecular aromatics in HA were preferentially adsorbed by FeOx.Moreover,ADOM demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on phosphate adsorption than HA.This observation suggests that the substantial release of autochthonous ADOM by algae could elevate internal P loading and pose challenges for the restoration of restore eutrophic lakes.The presence of phosphate suppressed the adsorption of protein-like compounds in ADOM onto FeOx,resulting in an increase in the relative abundance of protein-like compounds and a decrease in the relative abundance of humic-like compounds in post-adsorption ADOM.In contrast,phosphate exhibited no discernible impact on the compositional fractionation of HA.Collectively,our results show the source-composition characters of DOM influence the immobilization of both DOM and P in aquatic ecosystems through adsorption processes.The preferential adsorption of proteinaceous compounds within ADOM and aromatics within HA highlights the potential for the attachment with FeOx to diminish the original source-specific signatures of DOM,thereby contributing to the shared DOM characteristics observed across diverse aquatic environments.展开更多
Aquatic vegetation(AV)is vital for maintaining the health of lake ecosystems,with submerged aquatic vegetation(SAV)and floating/emergent aquatic vegetation(FEAV)representing clear and shaded states,respectively.Howeve...Aquatic vegetation(AV)is vital for maintaining the health of lake ecosystems,with submerged aquatic vegetation(SAV)and floating/emergent aquatic vegetation(FEAV)representing clear and shaded states,respectively.However,global SAV and FEAV dynamics are poorly understood due to data scarcity.To address this gap,we developed an innovative AV mapping algorithm and workflow using satellite imagery(1.4 million Landsat images)from 1989 to 2021 and created a global database of AV across 5,587 shallow lakes.Our findings suggest that AV covers 108,186 km2 on average globally,accounting for 28.9%(FEAV,15.8%;SAV,13.1%)of the total lake area.Over two decades,we observed a notable transition:SAV decreased by 30.4%,while FEAV increased by 15.6%,leading to a substantial net loss of AV.This global trend indicates a shift from clear to shaded conditions,increasingly progressing toward turbid states dominated by phytoplankton.We found that human-induced eutrophication was the primary driver of change until the early 2010s,after which global warming and rising lake temperatures became the dominant drivers.These trends serve as a warning sign of deteriorating lake health worldwide.With future climate warming and intensified eutrophication,these ongoing trends pose a significant risk of disrupting lake ecosystems.展开更多
Knowledge on impacts of climate change on soil invertebrate communities is scarce.Amongst the biggest challenges are the increase in temperature and arid regions,while at the same time,in other parts of the planet,ext...Knowledge on impacts of climate change on soil invertebrate communities is scarce.Amongst the biggest challenges are the increase in temperature and arid regions,while at the same time,in other parts of the planet,extreme precipitation events and flooding occur.The aim of the present study was to investigate the impacts of drought and flooding in soil invertebrates.Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida,model ecotoxicology test-species(OECD)were used to assess performance(survival,reproduction,size)in LUFA 2.2 soil moistened to 10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%,100%of the soil water holding capacity(WHC).Overall,both species had high tolerance for drought and flooding scenarios,with survival threshold for E.crypticus being between 10%and 90%moisture and for F.candida being between 10%and 100%moisture.Reproduction decreased from moisture≤30%and>70%moisture.In drought there was a decrease on adults’size,for both species from≤30%moisture.The morphological adaptations observed support evidence of adaptative phenotypic plasticity for both species,but highest for F.candida.A redistribution of soil invertebrate species can be expected to occur,this under the present and future climate change scenarios,with new and more tolerant species to prevail in different habitats.This will impact not only soil biodiversity structure,but also its function.展开更多
THE INNOVATION CONFERENCE:INTRODUCTION AND INFLUENCES,The Innovation Conference(TIC),initiated by The Innovation journal in 2023,aims to foster technological innovation and scientific progress through deep interdiscip...THE INNOVATION CONFERENCE:INTRODUCTION AND INFLUENCES,The Innovation Conference(TIC),initiated by The Innovation journal in 2023,aims to foster technological innovation and scientific progress through deep interdisciplinary integration.As a problem-solving-oriented academic event,TIC provides an interactive platform for communication and collaboration and addresses the diverse needs of participants.To date,two TICs have been held successfully:in Hangzhou in 2023 and in Shenzhen in 2024.1,2.展开更多
Numerous rivers and lakes in the monsoon climate zone are heavily influenced by frequent rainstorms that mobilize dissolved organic matter(DOM)from pristine or urbanized environments into downstream lakes.Of particula...Numerous rivers and lakes in the monsoon climate zone are heavily influenced by frequent rainstorms that mobilize dissolved organic matter(DOM)from pristine or urbanized environments into downstream lakes.Of particular concern is the mobilization of DOM from anthropogenic effluents,which are commonly enriched in aliphatic compounds that can be easily degraded by microorganisms.Rapid degradation of highly biodegradable DOM,in turn,may cause significant depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water,which,by creating anoxic conditions at the bottom water-sediment interface,promotes microbial production of CO_(2) and CH4.Further investigations based on high-frequency monitoring and novel techniques such as ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and isotopic measurements,are needed to elucidate the processes and mechanisms by which pulsed aliphatic inputs impact lake carbon emissions.展开更多
Drinking water is closely related to human health,disease and mortality,and contaminated drinking water causes 485,000 deaths from diarrhea each year worldwide.China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity ...Drinking water is closely related to human health,disease and mortality,and contaminated drinking water causes 485,000 deaths from diarrhea each year worldwide.China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity due to both water shortages and poor water quality.Ensuring safe and clean drinking water is a great challenge and top priority,especially for China with 1.4 billion people.In China,more than 4000 centralized drinking water sources including rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater have been established to serve urban residents.However,there is little knowledge on the percentage,serving population and water quality of three centralized drinking water source types.We collected nationwide centralized drinking water sources data and serving population data covering 395 prefecture-level and county-level cities and water quality data in the two most populous provinces(Guangdong and Shandong)to examine their contribution and importance.Geographically,the drinking water source types can be classified into three clear regions exhibiting apparent differences in the respective contributions of rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater.We further found that overall,lakes and reservoirs account for 40.6%of the centralized drinking water sources vs.river(30.8%)and groundwater(28.6%)in China.Lakes and reservoirs are particularly important in the densely populated eastern region,where they are used as drinking water sources by 51.0%of the population(318 million).Moreover,the contribution to the drinking water supply from lakes and reservoirs is increasing due to their better water quality and many cross-regional water transfer projects.These results will be useful for the government to improve and optimize the establishment of centralized drinking water sources,which provide safe and clean drinking water in China to safeguard people's lives and health and realize sustainable development goals.展开更多
Carrion beetles （Nicrophorus spp.） use small vertebrate carcasses for food and reproduction. Their ecology and behaviors are highly affected by the availability of carcasses and the surrounding environmental conditi...Carrion beetles （Nicrophorus spp.） use small vertebrate carcasses for food and reproduction. Their ecology and behaviors are highly affected by the availability of carcasses and the surrounding environmental conditions. Our results revealed that in subtropical Fushan, northern Taiwan, N. nepalensis was mainly active in spring （February to May）, and could also be found in autumn （October and November）; but there was no capture record in summer （June to September） and winter （December and January）. A laboratory temperature tolerance study indicated that N. nepalensis adults become inactive at temperatures above 26℃, and had the highest mortality when the temperature was raised from 27℃ to 28℃. Furthermore, N. nepalensis became sexually mature at 20℃, depending on the photoperiod： the longer the day, the lower the percentage of sexually mature 2-week-old females after emergence. In another experiment, N. nepalensis virgins were paired under three possible conditions at Fushan. At 15℃ and 20℃, if carcasses were presented to the pairs within 3 days after emergence, all laid eggs in the second week after emergence. If carcasses were presented 1 week after emergence, most began to reproduce at 20℃ with 12.5 h of daylight. However, at 15℃ with 1 l h of daylight, the carrion beetles hibernated first, and reproduced in the ninth week after emergence. At 25℃ with 14 h of daylight, carrion beetles did not bury the mouse carcasses, the females did not lay eggs, and the adult lifespan was only one-third of that at 20℃. This study revealed that both photoperiod and temperature influence the time needed to reach the sexual maturity of N. nepalensis; and also implied that the narrow temperature tolerance range and dormancy behavior of carrion beetles are highly regulated by those environmental factors.展开更多
Biochar,a carbon-rich material produced from biomass waste through thermal conversion,holds great environmental promise.This article offers a comprehensive overview of the various feedstocks used in biochar production...Biochar,a carbon-rich material produced from biomass waste through thermal conversion,holds great environmental promise.This article offers a comprehensive overview of the various feedstocks used in biochar production,the different types of thermal degradation processes,biochar characterization,properties,modifications to engineered materials,and their applications in the environment.The quality of biochar,including surface area,pore size and volume,and functional group formation,is significantly influenced by the specific conditions under which thermal conversion takes place.Each of the diverse processes employed to produce biochar yields a distinct set of properties in the final product.In recent years,biochar has gained widespread recognition and utilization in diverse fields such as wastewater treatment,carbon sequestration,reduction of greenhouse gas emissions,biogas production,catalysis in biofuel industries,construction,and soil enhancement.In summary,biochar is a promising environmental mitigation tool to achieve a sustainable environment.In addition to its benefits,the application of biochar presents several challenges,including the selection of feedstocks,methods of biochar production,modifications to biochar,the properties of biochar,and the specific applications of biochar.The current review summarizes factors that could lead to significant advancements in future applications.展开更多
The presence of organic matter in lakes profoundly impacts drinking water supplies,yet treatment processes involving coagulants and disinfectants can yield carcinogenic disinfection by-products.Traditional assessments...The presence of organic matter in lakes profoundly impacts drinking water supplies,yet treatment processes involving coagulants and disinfectants can yield carcinogenic disinfection by-products.Traditional assessments of organic matter,such as chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Mn))and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD_(5)),are often time-consuming.Alternatively,optical measurements of dissolved organic matter(DOM)offer a rapid and reliable means of obtaining organic matter composition data.Here we employed DOM optical measurements in conjunction with parallel factor analysis to scrutinize COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)variability.Validation was performed using an independent dataset encompassing six lakes on the Yungui Plateau from 2014 to 2016(n=256).Leveraging multiple linear regressions(MLRs)applied to DOM absorbance at 254 nm(a254)and fluorescence components C1-C5,we successfully traced COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)variations across the entire plateau(68 lakes,n=271,R^(2)>0.8,P<0.0001).Notably,DOM optical indices yielded superior estimates(higher R^(2))of COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)during the rainy season compared to the dry season and demonstrated increased accuracy(R^(2)>0.9)in mesotrophic lakes compared to oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes.This study underscores the utility of MLR-based DOM indices for inferring COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)variability in plateau lakes and highlights the potential of integrating in situ and remote sensing platforms for water pollution early warning.展开更多
The authors regret that the following statements in the original article were wrong and have been corrected.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
The authors regret that the following statements in the original article were wrong and have been corrected.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20153,and 32101319).
文摘Sediment properties have a crucial effect on the growth and recovery of aquatic plants in lakes.Addition of various chemical substances has been proposed to reinforce the recovery of plants after a nutrient loading reduction.However,the effects of such sediment amendments on plant growth,especially those from rhizosphere microorganisms,is limited.We added Kaolin clay to sediments in different concentrations to explore its impact on the growth of Vallisneria natans and Ottelia acuminate and the concurrent shift in rhizosphere microorganisms using high-throughput sequencing technology.We found that the addition of low doses(10%and 20%in mass ratio)of Kaolin significantly modified sediment conditions(oxidation reduction potential and pH),with implications also for the composition,diversity,and stability of rhizosphere microorganisms.LEfSe analysis revealed that low-dose addition of Kaolin increased the abundances of functional microbial groups that benefit plant nutrient absorption and enhance plant stress resistance,such as Spirillaceae,Rhodocyclaceae,and Burkholderiales.Moreover,low doses of Kaolin significantly promoted the photosynthesis and nutrient absorption of submerged macrophytes,thereby facilitating plant growth.A structural equation model(SEM)indicated that the direct impact of Kaolin on the growth of submerged plants was relatively minor,while the indirect effect through modulation of rhizosphere microorganisms was important.Our study suggests that low doses of Kaolin may be used to promote the growth of submerged macrophytes when lakes with a high organic content in the sediment are recovering after nutrient loading reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72061127004 and 72104164)the System Science and Enterprise Development Research Center(Xq22B04)+1 种基金financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)Programme(EP/V030515/1)financial support from the Science and Technology Support Project of Guizhou Province([2019]2839).
文摘Intelligent chatbots powered by large language models(LLMs)have recently been sweeping the world,with potential for a wide variety of industrial applications.Global frontier technology companies are feverishly participating in LLM-powered chatbot design and development,providing several alternatives beyond the famous ChatGPT.However,training,fine-tuning,and updating such intelligent chatbots consume substantial amounts of electricity,resulting in significant carbon emissions.The research and development of all intelligent LLMs and software,hardware manufacturing(e.g.,graphics processing units and supercomputers),related data/operations management,and material recycling supporting chatbot services are associated with carbon emissions to varying extents.Attention should therefore be paid to the entire life-cycle energy and carbon footprints of LLM-powered intelligent chatbots in both the present and future in order to mitigate their climate change impact.In this work,we clarify and highlight the energy consumption and carbon emission implications of eight main phases throughout the life cycle of the development of such intelligent chatbots.Based on a life-cycle and interaction analysis of these phases,we propose a system-level solution with three strategic pathways to optimize the management of this industry and mitigate the related footprints.While anticipating the enormous potential of this advanced technology and its products,we make an appeal for a rethinking of the mitigation pathways and strategies of the life-cycle energy usage and carbon emissions of the LLM-powered intelligent chatbot industry and a reshaping of their energy and environmental implications at this early stage of development.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2017ZX07207002-03)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.19050501900 and 19DZ1204504)EJ was supported by TüBITAK program BIDEB2232(No.118C250).We would also like to express our deep thanks to Anne Mette Poulsen from Aarhus University for her English assistance.
文摘Comprehensive studies of the effects of various physical and chemical variables(including heavymetals),antibiotics,and microorganisms in the environment on antibiotic resistance genes are rare.We collected sediment samples from the Shatian Lake aquaculture area and surrounding lakes and rivers located in Shanghai,China.The spatial distribution of sediment ARGs was assessed by metagenomic analysis that revealed 26 ARG types(510 subtypes),dominated by Multidrug,β-lactam,Aminoglycoside,Glycopeptides,Fluoroquinolone,and Tetracyline.Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that antibiotics(SAs and MLs)in the aqueous environment and sediment along with water TN and TP were the key variables affecting the abundance distribution of total ARGs.However,the main environmental drivers and key influences differed among the different ARGs.For total ARGs,the environmental subtypes affecting their structural composition and distribution characteristics were mainly antibiotic residues.Procrustes analysis showed a significant correlation between ARGs and microbial communities in the sediment in the survey area.Network analysis revealed that most of the target ARGs were significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms,and a small number of ARGs(e.g.,rpoB,mdtC,and efpA)were highly significantly and positively correlated with microorganisms(e.g.,Knoellia,Tetrasphaera,and Gem-matirosa).Potential hosts for the major ARGs included Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Gemmatimonadetes.Our study provides new insight and a comprehensive assessment of the distribution and abundance of ARGs and the drivers of ARG occurrence and transmission.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41901119)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.19SDZ1204504)+1 种基金the Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation(No.202003129)supported by the TüBITAK Program BIDEB2232(No.118C250)。
文摘Eutrophication and climate warming have intensified the global expansion of invasive cyanobacteria such as Cylindrospermopsis spp.and Chrysosporum spp.Cylindrospermopsin(CYN)produced by species of the latter two genera may harm phytoplankton,zooplankton,and fishes.However,effects of CYN on the bacterioplankton community have not been studied.Based on high-throughput sequencing,we explored the effect of CYN on the structure and function of the bacterioplankton community by adding pure CYN to in-situ water collected from a brackish coastal shallow lake:Dishui Lake,China.We found that most bacterioplankton taxa had a certain tolerance potential to CYN,but that high concentrations of CYN(40μg/L)caused a significant decrease in microbial abundance and functional groups.Of the dominant phyla,Actinobacteria had the strongest tolerance to CYN.Network analysis indicated that CYN caused shifts in the community structure of the bacterioplankton,reducing community stability and structural complexity.High CYN concentrations also reduced the correlation between the different bacterioplankton groups,and the abundances of some bacterial taxa associated with the denitrification function and the process of carbon transfer in the microbial food web were inhibited.Our study provide s new insight into the response of the bacterioplankton communities to harmful algal toxins produced by cyanobacteria.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31970433)China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON)+1 种基金funded by the DLR(ICARUS directive)the Lower Saxony Ministry of Food and Agriculture and Consumer Protection。
文摘Background:GPS/GSM tracking data were used to contrast use of(i)habitats and(ii)protected areas between three Arctic-nesting Greater White-fronted Geese(Anser albifrons,GWFG)populations throughout the annual cycle.We wished to demonstrate that the East Asian Continental Population(which winters on natural wetlands in the Chinese Yangtze River floodplain and is currently declining)avoids using farmland at multiple wintering sites.We also gath-ered tracking evidence to support general observations from two increasing population of GWFG,the North Sea-Baltic(which winters in Europe)and the West Pacific(which winter in Korea and Japan)winter mostly within farmland landscapes,using wetlands only for safe night roosts.Methods:We tracked 156 GWFG throughout their annual cycle using GPS/GSM transmitters from these three popu-lations to determine migration routes and stopover staging patterns.We used Brownian Bridge Movement Models to generate summer,winter and migration stopover home ranges which we then overlaid in GIS with land cover and protected area boundary at national level to determine habitat use and degree of protection from nature conserva-tion designated areas.Results:Data confirmed that 73%of European wintering GWFG homes ranges were from within farmland,com-pared to 59%in Japan and Korea,but just 5%in China,confirming the heavy winter use of agricultural landscapes by GWFG away from China,and avoidance of farmland at multiple sites within the Yangtze River floodplain.The same GWFG used farmland in northeast China in spring and autumn,confirming their experience of exploiting such habi-tats at other stages of their annual cycle.Chinese wintering birds showed the greatest overlap with protected areas of all three populations,showing current levels of site safeguard are failing to protect this population.Conclusions:Results confirm the need for strategic planning to protect the East Asian Continental GWFG popu-lation.While the site protection network in place to protect the species seems adequate,it has failed to stop the declines.Buffalo grazing could serve as one simple strategy to improve the condition of feeding habitats at Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake in the Yangtze,where vast Carex meadows exist.In addition,while we warn against pushing GWFG to winter farmland feeding in China because of the long-term potential to conflict with agricultural interests,we recommend experimental sacrificial,disturbance-free farmland within designated refuge areas adjacent to the Yangtze River floodplain wetland reserves as a manipulative experiment to improve the conservation status of this population in years when natural food sources are limited.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31970433,and No.31870369)China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON),and Joint CAS-MPG Research Project(Grant No.HZXM20225001Mi).
文摘Sympatric Chinese-wintering Eastern Tundra Bean Geese(Anser fabalis serrirostris,ETBG)breed in two widely separated Arctic areas(Central Russian Arctic and Anadyr region);South Korean-wintering birds(Chaun-South Korea)breed in a third discrete area between these two.Such winter/summer segregation likely structures the population,potentially resulting in distinct migration patterns and habitat-use throughout the annual cycle.We tracked individuals using GPS-GSM transmitters from all three of these geographically discrete ETBG subpopulations to see whether this was the case,testing for differences in migration patterns,seasonal and diurnal habitat-use using remotely sensed land-cover mapping.Mean migration distance of Central Arctic-China and Chaun-South Korea individuals did not differ significantly,but Anadyr-China birds travelled 15–24%further(mean:1140 km,P<0.001).Despite this,mean spring migration durations were longest among Central ArcticChina ETBG,significantly longer than Anadyr-China geese,due to significantly longer stopovers,which were significantly longer than Chaun-South Korea birds.Autumn migration duration of Central Arctic-China and Chaun-South Korea individuals was significantly shorter than in spring,with fewer,shorter stopovers.Lack of significant differences in migration and stopover duration or numbers of stopovers between spring and autumn among Anadyr-China ETBG confirms this is a plastic trait,differing between subpopulations responding to prevailing conditions.Migration patterns and habitat-use differed significantly between all three ETBG subpopulations,although all tended to use wetlands more at night and croplands more in daytime in winter,suggesting specific adaptations and responses to differing conditions encountered along their different migration routes.Although untestable,we speculate that differences in habitat-use may affect fitness levels and genetic exchange between subpopulations,but based on our observations,conclude clear differences in migration and foraging ecology between these elements of the same subspecies,even in winter sympatry.
基金supported by the Joint Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)-Max Planck Society(MPG)Research Project(HZXM20225001MI)the China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON)+1 种基金the Ministry of the Environment of Japan(ME20080401,ME20090401)the US Geological Survey(Grant No.07WRAG0003,G09AC00046).
文摘Bergmann's rule predicts that the larger of two homeotherm species differing only in size would occur at higher latitudes, or in cooler climates than the smaller, because of relative thermoregulatory costs in relation to body mass/surface area ratio. Individual tracking data from two congeneric long-distance migratory northern nesting swan species, Tundra Cygnus columbianus (TS, n = 99) and Whooper Swans C. cygnus (WS, 61–71% larger mass than TS, n = 47) were used to determine their summering and wintering latitudes along similar migration routes and common staging areas along the same flyway. We hypothesised that throughout Arctic and Boreal breeding areas (10℃ in July), summer ambient temperatures mainly exceed the Lower Critical Temperatures (LCT, c. 1℃) for both swan species, so the duration of the snow-free summer period will favour smaller body size at highest latitudes, since this constrains the time available to lay, incubate eggs and raise cygnets to fledging. We hypothesised that in contrast, in winter, both species occur in temperatures near to freezing (−3℃ in January), below their respective LCT, so differential thermoregulation demands would constrain TS to winter south of WS. Tracking of individuals showed for the first time that while smaller TS summered significantly north of WS, WS wintered significantly north of TS, with limited overlap in both seasons. We conclude that differences in relative summer distribution of these two closely related migratory herbivores are not to do with latitude per se but are constrained by the time both species require to raise their young to fledging during the short northern summer, when thermoregulation costs are unlikely limiting. In winter, both swan species occur within a climate envelop at or below their respective LCT and smaller TS occurred consistently south of the range of the tracked WS, as predicted by Bergmann's rule.
基金supported by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(202401AS070119,202103AC100001,202449CE340003)Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(202505AO120004)+4 种基金Yunnan Provincial Council of Academicians and Experts Workstations(202405AF140006)Scientific Research and Innovation Project of Postgraduate Students in the Academic Degree of Yunnan University(KC23234416).H.W.P.was supported by the US National Science Foundation,projects(1840715,2108917,2418066)the US National Institutes of Health(1P01ES028939-06).S.A.W.thanks the New Zealand Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment research programme Our Lakes,Our Future(CAWX2305)for support.E.J.is thankful to the support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)Yunnan Provincial Council of Academicians and Experts Workstations(202405AF140006)Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(202505AO120004).
文摘Microcystins(MCs)are one of the most prevalent cyanotoxins and pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health,particularly in lakes used as drinking water sources.However,knowledge about the MC concentrations in plateau lakes experiencing high solar radiation is scarce.This study investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of MCs in eight Yunnan Plateau lakes in China,focusing on their relationships with environmental factors.Water samples(n=63)were collected during summer and winter seasons and analyzed for MC concentrations along with a suite of environmental variables.Results revealed significant seasonal and spatial variations in MC concentrations,with higher levels in eutrophic lakes Dianchi,Erhai,and Xingyunhu.Notably,mean MC concentrations in Lake Dianchi during summer and Erhai during winter exceeded the World Health Organization’s provisional guideline of 1μg/L for drinking water.Seasonal analyses revealed distinct regulatory mechanisms:MC concentrations in summer were positively correlated with total phosphorus,total nitrogen,turbidity,and chlorophyll a,reflecting the influence of eutrophication on cyanobacterial growth.While solar radiation intensity(SRI)exhibited a dual role:moderate SRI in winter was associated with higher MC levels,whereas higher SRI in summer suppressed MC production,likely due to photoinhibition or MC degradation.Strikingly,water temperature showed no significant correlation with MC concentrations,suggesting that high solar radiation in the Yunnan Plateau may override temperature-dependent effects on cyanobacterial growth.These findings highlight the importance of nutrient management and the regulatory role of solar radiation in regulating MC production in high-altitude lakes.The study underscores the need for region-specific strategies to mitigate cyanobacterial risks,particularly in drinking water source lakes,by integrating nutrient control and the unique light regime of plateau ecosystems.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2017FY100300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870448)supported by the TüBITAK program BIDEB2232(No.118C_(2)50)。
文摘Anthropogenic and natural disturbance to inland aquatic ecosystems displays a notable spatial difference,yet data to measure these differences are scarce.This study encompasses 217 lakes distributed over five lake regions of China and elucidates the environmental factors determining the spatial variability of the water quality and trophic status.A significant correlation between human modification index in surrounding terrestrial systems(HMT)and trophic status of lake ecosystems(TSI)was found,and the regression slope in each region was similar except in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region.It was further noted that the pattern of environmental factor network(EF network)differed among freshwater and saline lakes.The EF network was complex for freshwater lakes in less human-influenced areas,but intensive man-made influence disrupted most relationships except for those between total nitrogen,total phosphorus,chlorophyll-a,and water turbidity.As for regions including saline lakes,correlations among water salinity and organic forms of carbon and nitrogen were apparent.Our results suggest that HMT and EF network can be useful indicators of the ecological integrity of local lake ecosystems,and integrating spatial information on a large scale provides conservation planners the option for evaluating the potential risk on inland aquatic systems.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32330068,41971139,42271117,and 41930760)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220015)the Science and Technology Planning Project of NIGLAS(No.NIGLAS2022GS09).
文摘Dissolved organicmatter(DOM)is a heterogeneous pool of compounds and exhibits diverse adsorption characteristics with or without phosphorous(P)competition.The impacts of these factors on the burial and mobilization of organic carbon and P in aquatic ecosystems remain uncertain.In this study,an algae-derived DOM(ADOM)and a commercially available humic acid(HA)with distinct compositions were assessed for their adsorption behaviors onto iron(oxy)hydroxides(FeOx),both in the absence and presence of phosphate.ADOM contained less aromatics but more protein-like and highly unsaturated structures with oxygen compounds(HUSO)than HA.The adsorption capacity of FeOx was significantly greater for ADOM than for HA.Protein-like and HUSO compounds in ADOM and humic-like compounds and macromolecular aromatics in HA were preferentially adsorbed by FeOx.Moreover,ADOM demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on phosphate adsorption than HA.This observation suggests that the substantial release of autochthonous ADOM by algae could elevate internal P loading and pose challenges for the restoration of restore eutrophic lakes.The presence of phosphate suppressed the adsorption of protein-like compounds in ADOM onto FeOx,resulting in an increase in the relative abundance of protein-like compounds and a decrease in the relative abundance of humic-like compounds in post-adsorption ADOM.In contrast,phosphate exhibited no discernible impact on the compositional fractionation of HA.Collectively,our results show the source-composition characters of DOM influence the immobilization of both DOM and P in aquatic ecosystems through adsorption processes.The preferential adsorption of proteinaceous compounds within ADOM and aromatics within HA highlights the potential for the attachment with FeOx to diminish the original source-specific signatures of DOM,thereby contributing to the shared DOM characteristics observed across diverse aquatic environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42425104,42271377,and 42271114)the Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security(NKL2023-KP02 and NIGLAS2022GS09)+4 种基金the PIFI Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2024PG0017 and 2024DC0005)the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(CBAS)(CBASYX0906)the TÜBITAK program BIDEB2232(118C250)the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council(NERC)Independent Research Fellowship(NE/T011246/1)the UK EO Climate Information Service(NE/X019071/1).
文摘Aquatic vegetation(AV)is vital for maintaining the health of lake ecosystems,with submerged aquatic vegetation(SAV)and floating/emergent aquatic vegetation(FEAV)representing clear and shaded states,respectively.However,global SAV and FEAV dynamics are poorly understood due to data scarcity.To address this gap,we developed an innovative AV mapping algorithm and workflow using satellite imagery(1.4 million Landsat images)from 1989 to 2021 and created a global database of AV across 5,587 shallow lakes.Our findings suggest that AV covers 108,186 km2 on average globally,accounting for 28.9%(FEAV,15.8%;SAV,13.1%)of the total lake area.Over two decades,we observed a notable transition:SAV decreased by 30.4%,while FEAV increased by 15.6%,leading to a substantial net loss of AV.This global trend indicates a shift from clear to shaded conditions,increasingly progressing toward turbid states dominated by phytoplankton.We found that human-induced eutrophication was the primary driver of change until the early 2010s,after which global warming and rising lake temperatures became the dominant drivers.These trends serve as a warning sign of deteriorating lake health worldwide.With future climate warming and intensified eutrophication,these ongoing trends pose a significant risk of disrupting lake ecosystems.
基金supported by the European Commission Project NANORIGO(H2020-NMBP-13-2018,GA No.814530)Further this study was supported by BEAUTY(PTDC/CTA-AMB/3970/2020,https://doi.org/10.54499/PTDC/CTA-AMB/3970/2020)+2 种基金by CESAM[UIDB/50017/2020+UIDP/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020]via Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(FCT)/Ministério da Educação e Ciência(MEC)through national funds,and the co-funding by the FEDER,within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020R.Bicho is funded by FCT,I.P.via a research contract under the Scientific Employment Stimulus-Individual Call(CEEC Individual)-2021.01725.CEECIND/CP1659/CT0003,https://doi.org/10.54499/2021.01725.CEECIND/CP1659/CT0003.Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN(b-on).
文摘Knowledge on impacts of climate change on soil invertebrate communities is scarce.Amongst the biggest challenges are the increase in temperature and arid regions,while at the same time,in other parts of the planet,extreme precipitation events and flooding occur.The aim of the present study was to investigate the impacts of drought and flooding in soil invertebrates.Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida,model ecotoxicology test-species(OECD)were used to assess performance(survival,reproduction,size)in LUFA 2.2 soil moistened to 10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%,100%of the soil water holding capacity(WHC).Overall,both species had high tolerance for drought and flooding scenarios,with survival threshold for E.crypticus being between 10%and 90%moisture and for F.candida being between 10%and 100%moisture.Reproduction decreased from moisture≤30%and>70%moisture.In drought there was a decrease on adults’size,for both species from≤30%moisture.The morphological adaptations observed support evidence of adaptative phenotypic plasticity for both species,but highest for F.candida.A redistribution of soil invertebrate species can be expected to occur,this under the present and future climate change scenarios,with new and more tolerant species to prevail in different habitats.This will impact not only soil biodiversity structure,but also its function.
文摘THE INNOVATION CONFERENCE:INTRODUCTION AND INFLUENCES,The Innovation Conference(TIC),initiated by The Innovation journal in 2023,aims to foster technological innovation and scientific progress through deep interdisciplinary integration.As a problem-solving-oriented academic event,TIC provides an interactive platform for communication and collaboration and addresses the diverse needs of participants.To date,two TICs have been held successfully:in Hangzhou in 2023 and in Shenzhen in 2024.1,2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42322104,42471123,and 42207447)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2021312)+3 种基金the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BK20220162)the Ecological Environment Research Project of Jiangsu Province of China(2023003)supported by the TÜBITAK program BIDEB2232(project 118C250)G.A.W.received financial support from the Swedish Research Council(VR grant 2020-03222 and Formas grant 2020-01091).
文摘Numerous rivers and lakes in the monsoon climate zone are heavily influenced by frequent rainstorms that mobilize dissolved organic matter(DOM)from pristine or urbanized environments into downstream lakes.Of particular concern is the mobilization of DOM from anthropogenic effluents,which are commonly enriched in aliphatic compounds that can be easily degraded by microorganisms.Rapid degradation of highly biodegradable DOM,in turn,may cause significant depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water,which,by creating anoxic conditions at the bottom water-sediment interface,promotes microbial production of CO_(2) and CH4.Further investigations based on high-frequency monitoring and novel techniques such as ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and isotopic measurements,are needed to elucidate the processes and mechanisms by which pulsed aliphatic inputs impact lake carbon emissions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41790423,41930760,and 41621002)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-DQC016)Erik Jeppesen was supported by the Tübitak program BIDEB 2232 (project 118C250).
文摘Drinking water is closely related to human health,disease and mortality,and contaminated drinking water causes 485,000 deaths from diarrhea each year worldwide.China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity due to both water shortages and poor water quality.Ensuring safe and clean drinking water is a great challenge and top priority,especially for China with 1.4 billion people.In China,more than 4000 centralized drinking water sources including rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater have been established to serve urban residents.However,there is little knowledge on the percentage,serving population and water quality of three centralized drinking water source types.We collected nationwide centralized drinking water sources data and serving population data covering 395 prefecture-level and county-level cities and water quality data in the two most populous provinces(Guangdong and Shandong)to examine their contribution and importance.Geographically,the drinking water source types can be classified into three clear regions exhibiting apparent differences in the respective contributions of rivers,lakes and reservoirs,and groundwater.We further found that overall,lakes and reservoirs account for 40.6%of the centralized drinking water sources vs.river(30.8%)and groundwater(28.6%)in China.Lakes and reservoirs are particularly important in the densely populated eastern region,where they are used as drinking water sources by 51.0%of the population(318 million).Moreover,the contribution to the drinking water supply from lakes and reservoirs is increasing due to their better water quality and many cross-regional water transfer projects.These results will be useful for the government to improve and optimize the establishment of centralized drinking water sources,which provide safe and clean drinking water in China to safeguard people's lives and health and realize sustainable development goals.
文摘Carrion beetles （Nicrophorus spp.） use small vertebrate carcasses for food and reproduction. Their ecology and behaviors are highly affected by the availability of carcasses and the surrounding environmental conditions. Our results revealed that in subtropical Fushan, northern Taiwan, N. nepalensis was mainly active in spring （February to May）, and could also be found in autumn （October and November）; but there was no capture record in summer （June to September） and winter （December and January）. A laboratory temperature tolerance study indicated that N. nepalensis adults become inactive at temperatures above 26℃, and had the highest mortality when the temperature was raised from 27℃ to 28℃. Furthermore, N. nepalensis became sexually mature at 20℃, depending on the photoperiod： the longer the day, the lower the percentage of sexually mature 2-week-old females after emergence. In another experiment, N. nepalensis virgins were paired under three possible conditions at Fushan. At 15℃ and 20℃, if carcasses were presented to the pairs within 3 days after emergence, all laid eggs in the second week after emergence. If carcasses were presented 1 week after emergence, most began to reproduce at 20℃ with 12.5 h of daylight. However, at 15℃ with 1 l h of daylight, the carrion beetles hibernated first, and reproduced in the ninth week after emergence. At 25℃ with 14 h of daylight, carrion beetles did not bury the mouse carcasses, the females did not lay eggs, and the adult lifespan was only one-third of that at 20℃. This study revealed that both photoperiod and temperature influence the time needed to reach the sexual maturity of N. nepalensis; and also implied that the narrow temperature tolerance range and dormancy behavior of carrion beetles are highly regulated by those environmental factors.
基金supported by Tenaga Nasional Berhad(TNB)and Universiti Tenaga Nasional(UNITEN)through the BOLD Refresh Postdoctoral Fellowships under the project code of J510050002-IC-6 BOLDREFRESH2025-Centre of ExcellenceThe authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from Dato’Low Tuck Kwong(DLTK)International Grant 2023 with project code 20238005DLTK.
文摘Biochar,a carbon-rich material produced from biomass waste through thermal conversion,holds great environmental promise.This article offers a comprehensive overview of the various feedstocks used in biochar production,the different types of thermal degradation processes,biochar characterization,properties,modifications to engineered materials,and their applications in the environment.The quality of biochar,including surface area,pore size and volume,and functional group formation,is significantly influenced by the specific conditions under which thermal conversion takes place.Each of the diverse processes employed to produce biochar yields a distinct set of properties in the final product.In recent years,biochar has gained widespread recognition and utilization in diverse fields such as wastewater treatment,carbon sequestration,reduction of greenhouse gas emissions,biogas production,catalysis in biofuel industries,construction,and soil enhancement.In summary,biochar is a promising environmental mitigation tool to achieve a sustainable environment.In addition to its benefits,the application of biochar presents several challenges,including the selection of feedstocks,methods of biochar production,modifications to biochar,the properties of biochar,and the specific applications of biochar.The current review summarizes factors that could lead to significant advancements in future applications.
基金the support of the Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(No.202103AC100001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42322104 and 42071131)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Programof China(No.2017YFA0605202)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021312)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(No.BK20220162)the TÜBITAK program BIDEB2232(project 118C250).
文摘The presence of organic matter in lakes profoundly impacts drinking water supplies,yet treatment processes involving coagulants and disinfectants can yield carcinogenic disinfection by-products.Traditional assessments of organic matter,such as chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Mn))and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD_(5)),are often time-consuming.Alternatively,optical measurements of dissolved organic matter(DOM)offer a rapid and reliable means of obtaining organic matter composition data.Here we employed DOM optical measurements in conjunction with parallel factor analysis to scrutinize COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)variability.Validation was performed using an independent dataset encompassing six lakes on the Yungui Plateau from 2014 to 2016(n=256).Leveraging multiple linear regressions(MLRs)applied to DOM absorbance at 254 nm(a254)and fluorescence components C1-C5,we successfully traced COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)variations across the entire plateau(68 lakes,n=271,R^(2)>0.8,P<0.0001).Notably,DOM optical indices yielded superior estimates(higher R^(2))of COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)during the rainy season compared to the dry season and demonstrated increased accuracy(R^(2)>0.9)in mesotrophic lakes compared to oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes.This study underscores the utility of MLR-based DOM indices for inferring COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)variability in plateau lakes and highlights the potential of integrating in situ and remote sensing platforms for water pollution early warning.
文摘The authors regret that the following statements in the original article were wrong and have been corrected.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
文摘The authors regret that the following statements in the original article were wrong and have been corrected.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
