Backgorund Nicotine may improve schizophrenia patient＇s cognitive deficit symptoms.This study was to explore the chronic effects of smoking on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex （PPI） and P50 in the patients...Backgorund Nicotine may improve schizophrenia patient＇s cognitive deficit symptoms.This study was to explore the chronic effects of smoking on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex （PPI） and P50 in the patients with first-episode schizophrenia （FES）.Methods The event-related potentials （ERP） recording and analysis instrument made by Brain Products,Germany,was used to detect PPI and P50 in 49 male FES patients （FES group,n=21 for smokers and n=28 for non-smokers） and 43 normal male controls （control group,n=19 for smokers and n=24 for non-smokers）.Results Compared with normal controls,the FES group had prolonged PPI latency when elicited by single stronger stimulus （P ＜0.05）; the FES group had prolonged PPI latency and increased PPI amplitude （P ＜0.05,0.01） when elicited by weak and strong stimuli.The FES group had lower PPI inhibition rate than normal controls （P ＜0.05）.Compared with normal controls,the FES group had increased P50-S2 amplitude and increased amplitude ratio S2/S1 （both P ＜0.05）.In the control group,the smokers had a tendency of increase in P50-S2 amplitude （P ＞0.05） and shorter P50-S2 latency （P ＜0.05） than the non-smokers.The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers （P ＜0.05）.In the FES group,the smokers had higher P50-S1 amplitude,shorter P50-S2 latency,and higher amplitude ratio S2/S1 than the non-smokers （P ＜0.05,0.01）.The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers （P ＜0.05）.Conclusions There is obvious PPI and P50 deficits in schizophrenic patients.However,these deficits are relatively preserved in the smokers compared with the non-smokers,which suggests that long-term smoking might partially improve the sensory gating in schizophrenic patients.Whether this conclusion can be deduced to female patients requires further follow-ups.展开更多
Background：Several studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） and positron emission tomography （PET） have indicated that cognitive remediation therapy （CRT） might improve cognitive function by c...Background：Several studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） and positron emission tomography （PET） have indicated that cognitive remediation therapy （CRT） might improve cognitive function by changing brain activations in patients with schizophrenia.However,the results were not consistent in these changed brain areas in different studies.The present activation likelihood estimation （ALE） meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether cognitive function change was accompanied by the brain activation changes,and where the main areas most related to these changes were in schizophrenia patients after CRT.Analyses of whole-brain studies and whole-brain ＋ region of interest （ROI） studies were compared to explore the effect of the different methodologies on the results.Methods：A computerized systematic search was conducted to collect fMRI and PET studies on brain activation changes in schizophrenia patients from pre-to post-CRT.Nine studies using fMRI techniques were included in the meta-analysis.Ginger ALE 2.3.1 was used to perform meta-analysis across these imaging studies.Results：The main areas with increased brain activation were in frontal and parietal lobe,including left medial frontal gyrus,left inferior frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus,right postcentral gyrus,and inferior parietal lobule in patients after CRT,yet no decreased brain activation was found.Although similar increased activation brain areas were identified in ALE with or without ROI studies,analysis including ROI studies had a higher ALE value.Conclusions：The current findings suggest that CRT might improve the cognition of schizophrenia patients by increasing activations of the frontal and parietal lobe.In addition,it might provide more evidence to confirm results by including ROI studies in ALE meta-analysis.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81271480, No. 81372122）, the emerging advanced technology projects from Shanghai Hospital Development Center （SHDC 12013116）, projects of Shanghai Shen Kang municipality hospital appropriate technology development and application （SHDC 12012234） and projects of promotion of advanced appropriate technology in health service in Shanghai （2013 SY069）.
文摘Backgorund Nicotine may improve schizophrenia patient＇s cognitive deficit symptoms.This study was to explore the chronic effects of smoking on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex （PPI） and P50 in the patients with first-episode schizophrenia （FES）.Methods The event-related potentials （ERP） recording and analysis instrument made by Brain Products,Germany,was used to detect PPI and P50 in 49 male FES patients （FES group,n=21 for smokers and n=28 for non-smokers） and 43 normal male controls （control group,n=19 for smokers and n=24 for non-smokers）.Results Compared with normal controls,the FES group had prolonged PPI latency when elicited by single stronger stimulus （P ＜0.05）; the FES group had prolonged PPI latency and increased PPI amplitude （P ＜0.05,0.01） when elicited by weak and strong stimuli.The FES group had lower PPI inhibition rate than normal controls （P ＜0.05）.Compared with normal controls,the FES group had increased P50-S2 amplitude and increased amplitude ratio S2/S1 （both P ＜0.05）.In the control group,the smokers had a tendency of increase in P50-S2 amplitude （P ＞0.05） and shorter P50-S2 latency （P ＜0.05） than the non-smokers.The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers （P ＜0.05）.In the FES group,the smokers had higher P50-S1 amplitude,shorter P50-S2 latency,and higher amplitude ratio S2/S1 than the non-smokers （P ＜0.05,0.01）.The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers （P ＜0.05）.Conclusions There is obvious PPI and P50 deficits in schizophrenic patients.However,these deficits are relatively preserved in the smokers compared with the non-smokers,which suggests that long-term smoking might partially improve the sensory gating in schizophrenic patients.Whether this conclusion can be deduced to female patients requires further follow-ups.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China
文摘Background：Several studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） and positron emission tomography （PET） have indicated that cognitive remediation therapy （CRT） might improve cognitive function by changing brain activations in patients with schizophrenia.However,the results were not consistent in these changed brain areas in different studies.The present activation likelihood estimation （ALE） meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether cognitive function change was accompanied by the brain activation changes,and where the main areas most related to these changes were in schizophrenia patients after CRT.Analyses of whole-brain studies and whole-brain ＋ region of interest （ROI） studies were compared to explore the effect of the different methodologies on the results.Methods：A computerized systematic search was conducted to collect fMRI and PET studies on brain activation changes in schizophrenia patients from pre-to post-CRT.Nine studies using fMRI techniques were included in the meta-analysis.Ginger ALE 2.3.1 was used to perform meta-analysis across these imaging studies.Results：The main areas with increased brain activation were in frontal and parietal lobe,including left medial frontal gyrus,left inferior frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus,right postcentral gyrus,and inferior parietal lobule in patients after CRT,yet no decreased brain activation was found.Although similar increased activation brain areas were identified in ALE with or without ROI studies,analysis including ROI studies had a higher ALE value.Conclusions：The current findings suggest that CRT might improve the cognition of schizophrenia patients by increasing activations of the frontal and parietal lobe.In addition,it might provide more evidence to confirm results by including ROI studies in ALE meta-analysis.
