AIM: To investigate the dynamic features of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression in rat hepatocarcinogenesis, and the relationship between IGF-IR and hepatocytes malignant transformation at mRNA o...AIM: To investigate the dynamic features of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression in rat hepatocarcinogenesis, and the relationship between IGF-IR and hepatocytes malignant transformation at mRNA or protein level.METHODS: Hepatoma models were made by inducing with 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Morphological changes of hepatocytes were observed by pathological Hematoxylin and eosin staining, the dynamic expressions of liver and serum IGF-IR were quantitatively analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The distribution of hepatic IGF-IR was located by immunohistochemistry. The fragments of IGF-IR gene were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and confirmed by sequencing.RESULTS: Rat hepatocytes after induced by 2-FAA were changed dynamically from granule-like degeneration, precancerous to hepatoma formation with the progressing increasing of hepatic mRNA or IGF-IR expression. The incidences of liver IGF-IR, IGF-IR mRNA, specific IGF-IR concentration (ng/mg wet liver), and serum IGF-IR level (ng/mL) were 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.63 ± 0.17, and 1.33 ± 0.47 in the control; 50.0%, 61.1%, 0.65 ± 0.2, and 1.51 ± 0.46 in the degeneration; 88.9%, 100%, 0.66 ± 0.14, and 1.92 ± 0.29 in the precancerosis; and 100%, 100%, 0.96 ± 0.09, and 2.43 ± 0.57 in the cancerous group, respectively. IGF-IR expression in the cancerous group was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in any of other groups at mRNA or protein level. The closely positive IGF-IR relationship was found between livers and sera (r = 0.91, t = 14.222, P < 0.01), respectively.CONCLUSION: IGF-IR expression may participate in rat hepatocarcinogenesis and its abnormality should be an early marker for hepatocytes malignant transformation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the action mechanism of the fruits of Horenia dulcis(H.dulcis) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced mouse macrophage Raw 264.7cells.Methods:The extract of H.dul...Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the action mechanism of the fruits of Horenia dulcis(H.dulcis) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced mouse macrophage Raw 264.7cells.Methods:The extract of H.dulcis fruits(EHDF) were extracted with 70%ethanol.Mouse macrophages were treated with different concentrations of EHDF in the presence and absence of LPS(1 μg/mL).To demonstrate the inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide,inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 expression levels were analyzed by usingin vitro assay systems.COX-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 β.tumor necrosis factor- α and prostaglandin F_2 were determined using ELISA kits.Cell viability,heme oxygenase-1 expression,nuclear factor-kappaB and nuclear factor F.2-related factors 2 translocation were also investigated.Results:EHDF potently inhibited the LPS-stimulated nitric oxide,inducible nitric oxide synthase.COX-2,interleukin-1 β and tumor necrosis factor- α expression in a dose-dependent manner.EHDF suppressed the phosphorylation of inhibited kappaB-alpha and p65 nuclear translocation.Treatment of macrophage cells with EHDF alone induced the heme oxygenase-1 and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-reIated factor 2.Conclusions:These results suggest that the ethanol extract of H.dulcis fruit exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting inhibited kappaBalpha phorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB.展开更多
AIM To explore the relationship between dynamic expression of high mobility group box-3(HMGB3) and malignant transformation of hepatocytes.METHODS Expression of HMGB family proteins were observed in rat hepatocarcinog...AIM To explore the relationship between dynamic expression of high mobility group box-3(HMGB3) and malignant transformation of hepatocytes.METHODS Expression of HMGB family proteins were observed in rat hepatocarcinogenesis models induced with 2-acetylaminofluorene. Alterations of HMGB3 were analyzed at the m RNA level by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR) and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. HMGB3 in human liver cancer tissues were evaluated using bioinformatics databases from GEO, TCGA, and Oncomine. A specific HMGB3-sh RNA was used to knockdown HMGB3 expression in order to investigate its effects on proliferation and cell cycle in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS Elevated HMGB3 levels were first reported in hepatocarcinogenesis, with increasing expression from normal liver to cancer. Bioinformatic databases showed that HMGB3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues. Higher HMGB3 expression was discovered in liver cancer cells compared with LO2 cells in vitro. According to gene set enrichment analysis, HMGB3 m RNA levels were correlated with cell cycle and DNA replication pathways. Knocking down HMGB3 by specific sh RNA significantly inhibited proliferation of Hep G2 cells by cell cycle arrest and downregulating DNA replication related genes(cyclin B1, FEN1, and PCNA) at the m RNA and protein level. Furthermore, silencing HMGB3 significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth(measured by Ki67) in vivo.CONCLUSION HMGB3 is involved in malignant transformation of hepatocytes and could be a useful biomarker for diagnosis and a potential target for therapy of liver cancer.展开更多
Ampulla of Vater is a peculiar anatomical structure, characterized by the crossroad of three distinct epithelia: Intestinal, ductal pancreatic and biliary. Adenocarcinomas arising in this area represent an opportunity...Ampulla of Vater is a peculiar anatomical structure, characterized by the crossroad of three distinct epithelia: Intestinal, ductal pancreatic and biliary. Adenocarcinomas arising in this area represent an opportunity to understand the comparative biology of all periampullary malignancies. These neoplasms can exhibit intestinal, pancreaticobiliary or mixed features, whereas the subclassification based on morphology and immunohistochemical features failed in demonstrating a robust prognostic reliability. In the last few years, the molecular landscape of this tumor entity has been uncovered, identifying alterations that may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In this review, the histological and genetic characteristics of ampullary carcinomas are discussed, taking into account the main clinical and therapeutic implications related to this tumor type as well.展开更多
In the present work,dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)was used to extract six synthetic cannabinoids(JWH-018,JWH-019,JWH-073,JWH-200,or WIN 55,225,JWH-250,and AM-694)from oral fluids.A rapid baseline sepa...In the present work,dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)was used to extract six synthetic cannabinoids(JWH-018,JWH-019,JWH-073,JWH-200,or WIN 55,225,JWH-250,and AM-694)from oral fluids.A rapid baseline separation of the analytes was achieved on a bidentate octadecyl silica hydride phase(Cogent Bidentate C18;4.6 mm×250 mm,4μm)maintained at 37℃,by eluting in isocratic conditions(water:acetonitrile(25:75,V/V)).Detection was performed using positive electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.The parameters affecting DLLME(pH and ionic strength of the aqueous phase,type and volume of the extractant and dispersive solvent,vortex and centrifugation time)were optimized for maximizing yields.In particular,using 0.5 mL of oral fluid,acetonitrile(1 mL),was identified as the best option,both as a solvent to precipitate proteins and as a dispersing solvent in the DLLME procedure.To select an extraction solvent,a low transition temperature mixture(LTTM;composed of sesamol and chlorine chloride with a molar ratio of 1:3)and dichloromethane were compared;the latter(100μL)was proved to be a better extractant,with recoveries ranging from 73%to 101%by vortexing for 2 min.The method was validated according to the guidelines of Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical methods:intra-day and inter-day precisions ranged between 4%and 18%depending on the spike level and analyte;limits of detection spanned from 2 to 18 ng/mL;matrixmatched calibration curves were characterized by determination coefficients greater than 0.9914.Finally,the extraction procedure was compared with previous methods and with innovative techniques,presenting superior reliability,rapidity,simplicity,inexpensiveness,and efficiency.展开更多
One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence ...One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence in science. Also for this reason, the quality of the studies included should be accurately evaluated by standardized tools. The overall results of the metaanalysis depend indeed also on a rigorous evaluation of the studies quality. Among all the possible tools for this complex evaluation, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS) is one of the most used worldwide, above all for observational studies. In this review, we will discuss the strengths and limitation of the NOS, also on the basis of the branch of science in which it has been applied.展开更多
AIM To establish the ability of magnetic resonance(MR) and computer tomography(CT) to predict pathologic dimensions of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(Pan NET) in a caseload of a tertiary referral center.METHODS Pati...AIM To establish the ability of magnetic resonance(MR) and computer tomography(CT) to predict pathologic dimensions of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(Pan NET) in a caseload of a tertiary referral center.METHODS Patients submitted to surgery for Pan NET at the Surgical Unit of the Pancreas Institute with at least 1 preoperative imaging examination(MR or CT scan) from January 2005 to December 2015 were included and data retrospectively collected. Exclusion criteria were: multifocal lesions, genetic syndromes, microadenomas or mixed tumors, metastatic disease and neoadjuvant therapy. Bland-Altman(BA) and Mountain-Plot(MP) statistics were used to compare size measured by each modality with the pathology size. Passing-Bablok(PB) regression analysis was used to check the agreement between MR and CT.RESULTS Our study population consisted of 292 patients. Seventy-nine(27.1%) were functioning Pan NET. The mean biases were 0.17 ± 7.99 mm, 1 ± 8.51 mm and 0.23 ± 9 mm, 1.2 ± 9.8 mm for MR and CT, considering the overall population and the subgroup of non-functioning-Pan NET, respectively. Limits of agreement(LOA) included the vast majority of observations, indicating a good agreement between imaging and pathology. The MP further confirmed this finding and showed that the two methods are unbiased with respect to each other. Considering ≤ 2 cm non-functioning-Pan NET, no statistical significance was found in the size estimation rate of MR and CT(P = 0.433). PBR analysis did not reveal significant differences between MR, CT and pathology.CONCLUSION MR and CT scan are accurate and interchangeable imaging techniques in predicting pathologic dimensions of Pan NET.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy,whose precursor lesions are pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm,and mucinous cystic neoplasm.To bet...Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy,whose precursor lesions are pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm,and mucinous cystic neoplasm.To better understand the biology of pancreatic cancer,it is fundamental to know its precursors and to study the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.Each of these precursors displays peculiar histological features,as well as specific molecular alterations.Starting from such pre-invasive lesions,this review aims at summarizing the most important aspects of carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer,with a specific focus on the recent advances and the future perspectives of the research on this lethal tumor type.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mediastinal leakage(ML)is one of the most feared complications of esophagectomy.A standard strategy for its diagnosis and treatment has beendifficult to establish because of the great variability in their i...BACKGROUND Mediastinal leakage(ML)is one of the most feared complications of esophagectomy.A standard strategy for its diagnosis and treatment has beendifficult to establish because of the great variability in their incidence and mortality rates reported in the existing series.AIM To assess the incidence,predictive factors,treatment,and associated mortality rate of mediastinal leakage using the standardized definition of mediastinal leaks recently proposed by the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group(ECCG).METHODS Seven Italian surgical centers(five high-volume,two low-volume)affiliated with the Italian Society for the Study of Esophageal Diseases designed and implemented a retrospective study including all esophagectomies(n=501)with intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis performed from 2014 to 2017.Anastomotic MLs were defined according to the classification recently proposed by the ECCG.RESULTS Fifty-nine cases of ML were recorded,yielding an overall incidence of 11.8%(95%CI:9.1%-14.9%).The surgical approach significantly influenced the occurrence of ML:the proportion of leakage was 10.5%and 9%after open and hybrid esophagectomy(HE),respectively,and doubled(20%)after totally minimally invasive esophagectomy(TMIE)(P=0.016).No other predictive factors were found.The 30-and 90-d overall mortality rates were 1.4%and 3.2%,respectively;the 30-and 90-d leak-related mortality rates were 5.1%and 10.2%,respectively;the 90-d mortality rates for TMIE and HE were 5.9%and 1.8%,respectively.Endoscopy was the first-line treatment in 49%of ML cases,with the need for retreatment in 17.2%of cases.Surgery was needed in 44.1%of ML cases.Endoscopic treatment had the lowest mortality rate(6.9%).Removal of the gastric tube with stoma formation was necessary in 8(13.6%)cases.CONCLUSION The incidence of ML after esophagectomy was high mainly in the TMIE group.However,the general and specific(leak-related)mortality rates were low.Early treatment(surgical or endoscopic)of severe leaks is mandatory to limit related mortality.展开更多
The fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR) family plays important roles in regulating cell growth, proliferation, survival,differentiation and angiogenesis. Deregulation of the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway has been ass...The fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR) family plays important roles in regulating cell growth, proliferation, survival,differentiation and angiogenesis. Deregulation of the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway has been associated with multiple development syndromes and cancers, and thus therapeutic strategies targeting FGFs and FGFR in human cancer are currently being explored.However, few studies on the FGF/FGFR pathway have been conducted in sarcoma, which has a poor outcome with traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Hence, in the present review, we provide an overview of the role of the FGF/FGFR pathway signal in sarcoma and FGFR inhibitors, which might be new targets for the treatment of sarcomas according to recent research.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to investigate whether ethanolic extract of propolis inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of HL-60 cel s. Methods HL-60 cel s were treated for 24, 48, 72 h with various concent...Objective The aim of the study was to investigate whether ethanolic extract of propolis inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of HL-60 cel s. Methods HL-60 cel s were treated for 24, 48, 72 h with various concentrations ethanolic extracts of prop-olis （0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL）. The proliferation of HL-60 cels was determined using the 3-（4,5-dimeth-ylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Subsequently, Hochest 33258 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） were used to test the apoptosis of HL-60 cel s. We observed the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in HL-60 cel s by immunohistochemistry. Results MTT assay showed that various concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis had significant inhibitory efect on HL-60 cel proliferation （P〈 0.05）. Typical morphologic changes could be observed by fluorescence microscope and TUNEL. By immunohistochemistry, we found the expression level of Bax was up-regulated, whereas that of Bc1-2 was down-regulated （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion Ethanolic extract of propolis inhibits leukemia cel proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio.展开更多
Objective: To determine the range and prevalence of pathological conditions and demonstration of significant anatomical structures in the maxillary sinuses using the cone beam computerized tomographic (CBCT) scan. Met...Objective: To determine the range and prevalence of pathological conditions and demonstration of significant anatomical structures in the maxillary sinuses using the cone beam computerized tomographic (CBCT) scan. Methodology: Case series of 60 CBCT scans of the maxillae. Results: Forty (67%) of the scans were of female patients while the rest (20, 33%) were of males. Remarkably, the majority of the scans were requested for those patients who sought dental implant fabrication. Overall, 35 (58%) scans demonstrated pathological features while 8 (13%) demonstrated significant anatomical structures. Pathological features included mucosal thickening in 26 (43%), polypoid lesions in 9 (15%), total antral opacification in 1 (2%) and foreign body in 1 (2%). The commonest anatomic feature was dental root protrusion into the maxillary sinuses in 8 (13%). Conclusion: The CBCT imaging is an important tool for investigating the maxillary sinuses for pathology and the demonstration of the associated anatomic relations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Paraduodenal pancreatitis(PP)represents a diagnostic challenge,especially in non-referral centers,given its potential imaging overlap with pancreatic cancer.There are two main histological variants of PP,th...BACKGROUND Paraduodenal pancreatitis(PP)represents a diagnostic challenge,especially in non-referral centers,given its potential imaging overlap with pancreatic cancer.There are two main histological variants of PP,the cystic and the solid,with slightly different imaging appearances.Moreover,imaging findings in PP may change over time because of disease progression and/or as an effect of its risk factors exposition,namely alcohol intake and smoking.AIM To describe multimodality imaging findings in patients affected by PP to help clinicians in the differential diagnosis with pancreatic cancer.METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses 2009 guidelines.A Literature search was performed on PubMed,Embase and Cochrane Library using(groove pancreatitis[Title/Abstract])OR(PP[Title/Abstract])as key words.A total of 593 articles were considered for inclusion.After eliminating duplicates,and title and abstract screening,53 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility.Eligibility criteria were:Original studies including 8 or more patients,fully written in English,describing imaging findings in PP,with pathological confirmation or clinical-radiological follow-up as the gold standard.Finally,14 studies were included in our systematic review.RESULTS Computed tomography(CT)findings were described in 292 patients,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings in 231 and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)findings in 115.Duodenal wall thickening was observed in 88.8%of the cases:Detection rate was 96.5%at EUS,91.0%at MRI and 84.1%at CT.Second duodenal portion increased enhancement was recognizable in 76.3%of the cases:Detection rate was 84.4%at MRI and 72.1%at CT.Cysts within the duodenal wall were detected in 82.6%of the cases:Detection rate was 94.4%at EUS,81.9%at MRI and 75.7%at CT.A solid mass in the groove region was described in 40.9%of the cases;in 78.3%of the cases,it showed patchy enhancement in the portal venous phase,and in 100%appeared iso/hyperintense during delayed phase imaging.Only 3.6%of the lesions showed restricted diffusion.The prevalence of radiological signs of chronic obstructive pancreatitis,namely main pancreatic duct dilatation,pancreatic calcifications,and pancreatic cysts,was extremely variable in the different articles.CONCLUSION PP has peculiar imaging findings.MRI is the best radiological imaging modality for diagnosing PP,but EUS is more accurate than MRI in depicting duodenal wall alterations.展开更多
The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular ...The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with a history of primary brain tumors can be eligible for organ donation under extended criteria.The risk assessment of tumor transmission via organ transplant in primary brain tumors is primarily...BACKGROUND Patients with a history of primary brain tumors can be eligible for organ donation under extended criteria.The risk assessment of tumor transmission via organ transplant in primary brain tumors is primarily based on the assessment of tumor histotype and grade.Previous surgeries,chemo-/radiotherapy,and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement can lead to a disruption of the blood-brain barrier,concurring to an increase in the transmission risk.AIM To investigate the role of tumor transmission risk factors in donors with oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas.METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies reporting extraneural spreading of oligoden-drogliomas and astrocytomas and extracted clinical-pathological data on the primary tumor histotype and grade,the elapsed time from the diagnosis to the onset of metastases,sites and number of metastases,prior surgeries,prior radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy,ventriculoatrial or ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement,and the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion.Statistical analysis was performed using R software.Statistical correlation between chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the presence of multiple extra-central nervous system metastases was analyzed usingχ2 and Fischer exact test.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the presence of a correlation between the metastasis-free time and:(1)Localization of metastases;(2)The occurrence of intracranial recurrences;and(3)The occurrence of multiple metastases.RESULTS Data on a total of 157 patients were retrieved.The time from the initial diagnosis to metastatic spread ranged from 0 to 325 mo in patients with oligodendrogliomas and 0 to 267 mo in those with astrocytomas.Respectively,19%and 39%of patients with oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma did not receive any adjuvant therapy.The most frequent metastatic sites were bone,bone marrow,and lymph nodes.The lungs and the liver were the most commonly involved visceral sites.There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of multiple metastases and the administration of adjuvant chemo-/radiotherapy.Patients who developed intracranial recurrences/metastases had a significantly longer extraneural metastasis-free time compared to those who developed extraneural metastases in the absence of any intra-central nervous system spread.CONCLUSION A long follow-up time does not exclude the presence of extraneural metastases.Therefore,targeted imaging of bones and cervical lymph nodes may improve safety in the management of these donors.展开更多
AIM： To assess the adhesion and invasion abilities of different mouse adapted H py/or/strains in different cell lines in vitro and investigate their effects on the virulence factors cagA and vacA. METHODS： The adher...AIM： To assess the adhesion and invasion abilities of different mouse adapted H py/or/strains in different cell lines in vitro and investigate their effects on the virulence factors cagA and vacA. METHODS： The adherence and invasion abilities of different N pylori strains in different epithelial cell lines were examined by the gentamycin protection assay. The null mutants of cagA and vacA were processed by direct PCR mutation method. The morphologic changes of different cell lines after N pylori attachment were examined by microscopy. RESULTS： The densities of adherence to and invasion into cells in vitro were different from those in the mouse infection experiments. 88-3887 strain could invade and adhere to cells stronger than SS1 and X47. All tested strains had better adhering and invasive abilities in SCG-7901 cell. CagA and vacA minus mutants had the same invasion and adherent abilities as their wild types. In all strains and cell lines tested, only AGS cell had the significant hummingbird phenotype after inoculation with the 88-3887 wild-type. CONCLUSION： Both the host cells and the bacteria play important parts in the invasion and adhesion abilities of Hpylori. CagA and VacA are not related to the ability of invasion and adhesion of Hpylori in different cell lines in vitro.展开更多
using a WZD—1 microcirculation microscope,we observed the tongue tipand nail-bed microcirculation of uremic patients with deficiency of kidney-yangbefore and after blood dialysis.The results showed that the pathologi...using a WZD—1 microcirculation microscope,we observed the tongue tipand nail-bed microcirculation of uremic patients with deficiency of kidney-yangbefore and after blood dialysis.The results showed that the pathological basis ofuremia with deficiency of kidney-yang may be microcirculation disturbance,in-crease of metabolites and water retention.The effusion from capillary loops intongue tip may be one of the pathogenetic factors of a swollen and jaggedtongue.The flow rate of blood in capillary loops in the nail-bed was apparentlyabnormal and markedly improved after blood dialysis.The weighted integral ofnail-bed microcirculation decreased from moderately abnormal (4.99±1.52) toapproximately normal (1.98±0.97) (P【0.01).Microcirculation seems to be a sensi-tive criterion for reflecting the pathologic changes of uremia with deficiency ofkidney-yang.展开更多
This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Astaxanthin(AST)in rats with diabetes mellitus(DM)induced by streptozotocin.SD rats were divided into control group(n=5,only received normal saline),DM ...This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Astaxanthin(AST)in rats with diabetes mellitus(DM)induced by streptozotocin.SD rats were divided into control group(n=5,only received normal saline),DM group(n=8)and AST+DM group(n=8;AST:50 mg/kg/day).DM rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin(STZ,65 mg/kg).Blood glucose level and body weight were determined at weeks 0,2,4,6 and 8,respectively.At week 8,kidney function was determined,together with expression of P53 and dynamin-related protein-1(Drp1)by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence.AST led to increase of body weight in rats with DM.AST+DM group showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level at week 4 compared with DM group(P<0.05).AST improved renal function and significantly reduced expression of P53 and Drp1 in DM rats.In addition,AST can effectively reduce the blood glucose in DM rats,and delayed the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.Such delay mediated by AST may be associated with the downregulation of Drp1 and P53.展开更多
Background:Impaired wound healing is one of the most well-known complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Experimental evidence suggested that treatment with Exendin-4,a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist displaying a wi...Background:Impaired wound healing is one of the most well-known complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Experimental evidence suggested that treatment with Exendin-4,a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist displaying a wide range of antidiabetic effects,can promote tissue regeneration.Objectives:Thus,this study aimed to examine the efficacy of topical treatment with Exendin-4 in accelerating wound healing in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice.Methods:For this purpose,two wounds inflicted on the back skin of 12 normo-and 12 hyperglycemic mice were injected intradermally with either saline solution or Exendin-4.Wounds were collected at the time of abrasion(T0),48 h(T1),96 h(T2),and 144 h(T3)and cryosections were analyzed by histological and histochemical methods.Results:In wounds treated with Exendin-4,an 85%reduction in size was observed at T3,and the thickness of the epidermis was statistically lower than in untreated wounds.The significative difference was observed in Exendin-4 treated wounds at T2 and T3 in the infiltration of granulocyte populations and at T3 in the degranulation index by mast cells and in the increase in vessels.Fibroblasts were significantly increased in Exendin-4 treated wounds of normo-and hyperglycemic mice at T3,which began to differentiate into myofibroblasts,from T2,and at T3 reached significant values.Conclusion:Taken all together,these results indicate that the topical administration of Exendin-4 had beneficial effects on the acceleration of the healing process of skin wounds in both normo-and hyperglycemic mice.展开更多
Objective:The aim of this study was to analyze the expression features of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and effects of HIF-1α silencing on HepG2 cells.Methods:HIF-1α expres...Objective:The aim of this study was to analyze the expression features of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and effects of HIF-1α silencing on HepG2 cells.Methods:HIF-1α expression was analyzed in the self-control HCC specimens by immunohistochemistry.After HepG2 cells with miRNA transfection,the expression of HIF-1α was determined at mRNA or protein level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Western blotting.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) were determined by ELISA.Alterations of cell cycles and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were measured using a flow cytometer.Results:Positive HIF-1α was brown and granule-like in the cytoplasm or nucleus.Significant difference was found between HCC (80%) and its surrounding tissues (100%,χ2=22.35,P < 0.001) and HIF-1α expression related to tumor size.At 72 h after miRNA transfection,the expression of HIF-1α in HepG2 cells was down-regulated by 87% at mRNA or 65% at protein level,with VEGF and ANG-2 decreased to 54% and 36%,respectively.After RNA interference combined with anti-cancer drug,the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells was increasing from 22.46% ± 0.61% to 36.99% ± 0.88%,with up-regulation of G1 phase (65.68% ± 0.91%) and down-regulation of S phase (19.47 ± 1.34 %).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of HIF-1α is associated with development of HCC,and HIF-1α gene silencing can effectively inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation.展开更多
基金Supported by The Society Development of Nantong,HS2012039Jiangsu Health Projects,BL2012053,K201102the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu,and the International S and T Cooperation Program,2013DFA32150 of China
文摘AIM: To investigate the dynamic features of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression in rat hepatocarcinogenesis, and the relationship between IGF-IR and hepatocytes malignant transformation at mRNA or protein level.METHODS: Hepatoma models were made by inducing with 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Morphological changes of hepatocytes were observed by pathological Hematoxylin and eosin staining, the dynamic expressions of liver and serum IGF-IR were quantitatively analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The distribution of hepatic IGF-IR was located by immunohistochemistry. The fragments of IGF-IR gene were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and confirmed by sequencing.RESULTS: Rat hepatocytes after induced by 2-FAA were changed dynamically from granule-like degeneration, precancerous to hepatoma formation with the progressing increasing of hepatic mRNA or IGF-IR expression. The incidences of liver IGF-IR, IGF-IR mRNA, specific IGF-IR concentration (ng/mg wet liver), and serum IGF-IR level (ng/mL) were 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.63 ± 0.17, and 1.33 ± 0.47 in the control; 50.0%, 61.1%, 0.65 ± 0.2, and 1.51 ± 0.46 in the degeneration; 88.9%, 100%, 0.66 ± 0.14, and 1.92 ± 0.29 in the precancerosis; and 100%, 100%, 0.96 ± 0.09, and 2.43 ± 0.57 in the cancerous group, respectively. IGF-IR expression in the cancerous group was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in any of other groups at mRNA or protein level. The closely positive IGF-IR relationship was found between livers and sera (r = 0.91, t = 14.222, P < 0.01), respectively.CONCLUSION: IGF-IR expression may participate in rat hepatocarcinogenesis and its abnormality should be an early marker for hepatocytes malignant transformation.
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the action mechanism of the fruits of Horenia dulcis(H.dulcis) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced mouse macrophage Raw 264.7cells.Methods:The extract of H.dulcis fruits(EHDF) were extracted with 70%ethanol.Mouse macrophages were treated with different concentrations of EHDF in the presence and absence of LPS(1 μg/mL).To demonstrate the inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide,inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 expression levels were analyzed by usingin vitro assay systems.COX-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 β.tumor necrosis factor- α and prostaglandin F_2 were determined using ELISA kits.Cell viability,heme oxygenase-1 expression,nuclear factor-kappaB and nuclear factor F.2-related factors 2 translocation were also investigated.Results:EHDF potently inhibited the LPS-stimulated nitric oxide,inducible nitric oxide synthase.COX-2,interleukin-1 β and tumor necrosis factor- α expression in a dose-dependent manner.EHDF suppressed the phosphorylation of inhibited kappaB-alpha and p65 nuclear translocation.Treatment of macrophage cells with EHDF alone induced the heme oxygenase-1 and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-reIated factor 2.Conclusions:These results suggest that the ethanol extract of H.dulcis fruit exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting inhibited kappaBalpha phorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81673241 and No.81702419Projects of Jiangsu MedicalScience,No.BE2016698+2 种基金Jiangsu Graduate Innovation,No.KYCX17_1934Nantong Health and Family Planning Commission,No.WQ2016083National Int S&T Cooperation Program,No.2013DFA32150
文摘AIM To explore the relationship between dynamic expression of high mobility group box-3(HMGB3) and malignant transformation of hepatocytes.METHODS Expression of HMGB family proteins were observed in rat hepatocarcinogenesis models induced with 2-acetylaminofluorene. Alterations of HMGB3 were analyzed at the m RNA level by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR) and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. HMGB3 in human liver cancer tissues were evaluated using bioinformatics databases from GEO, TCGA, and Oncomine. A specific HMGB3-sh RNA was used to knockdown HMGB3 expression in order to investigate its effects on proliferation and cell cycle in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS Elevated HMGB3 levels were first reported in hepatocarcinogenesis, with increasing expression from normal liver to cancer. Bioinformatic databases showed that HMGB3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues. Higher HMGB3 expression was discovered in liver cancer cells compared with LO2 cells in vitro. According to gene set enrichment analysis, HMGB3 m RNA levels were correlated with cell cycle and DNA replication pathways. Knocking down HMGB3 by specific sh RNA significantly inhibited proliferation of Hep G2 cells by cell cycle arrest and downregulating DNA replication related genes(cyclin B1, FEN1, and PCNA) at the m RNA and protein level. Furthermore, silencing HMGB3 significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth(measured by Ki67) in vivo.CONCLUSION HMGB3 is involved in malignant transformation of hepatocytes and could be a useful biomarker for diagnosis and a potential target for therapy of liver cancer.
基金Supported by the Italian Association for Cancer Research,No.12182
文摘Ampulla of Vater is a peculiar anatomical structure, characterized by the crossroad of three distinct epithelia: Intestinal, ductal pancreatic and biliary. Adenocarcinomas arising in this area represent an opportunity to understand the comparative biology of all periampullary malignancies. These neoplasms can exhibit intestinal, pancreaticobiliary or mixed features, whereas the subclassification based on morphology and immunohistochemical features failed in demonstrating a robust prognostic reliability. In the last few years, the molecular landscape of this tumor entity has been uncovered, identifying alterations that may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In this review, the histological and genetic characteristics of ampullary carcinomas are discussed, taking into account the main clinical and therapeutic implications related to this tumor type as well.
基金supported by the Sapienza University of Rome through the project RICERCA 2019(protocol number:RG11916B6451D44A)。
文摘In the present work,dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)was used to extract six synthetic cannabinoids(JWH-018,JWH-019,JWH-073,JWH-200,or WIN 55,225,JWH-250,and AM-694)from oral fluids.A rapid baseline separation of the analytes was achieved on a bidentate octadecyl silica hydride phase(Cogent Bidentate C18;4.6 mm×250 mm,4μm)maintained at 37℃,by eluting in isocratic conditions(water:acetonitrile(25:75,V/V)).Detection was performed using positive electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.The parameters affecting DLLME(pH and ionic strength of the aqueous phase,type and volume of the extractant and dispersive solvent,vortex and centrifugation time)were optimized for maximizing yields.In particular,using 0.5 mL of oral fluid,acetonitrile(1 mL),was identified as the best option,both as a solvent to precipitate proteins and as a dispersing solvent in the DLLME procedure.To select an extraction solvent,a low transition temperature mixture(LTTM;composed of sesamol and chlorine chloride with a molar ratio of 1:3)and dichloromethane were compared;the latter(100μL)was proved to be a better extractant,with recoveries ranging from 73%to 101%by vortexing for 2 min.The method was validated according to the guidelines of Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical methods:intra-day and inter-day precisions ranged between 4%and 18%depending on the spike level and analyte;limits of detection spanned from 2 to 18 ng/mL;matrixmatched calibration curves were characterized by determination coefficients greater than 0.9914.Finally,the extraction procedure was compared with previous methods and with innovative techniques,presenting superior reliability,rapidity,simplicity,inexpensiveness,and efficiency.
文摘One of the most important points in the meta-analyses is certainly represented by the assessment of the quality of the studies included in such research. The meta-analyses are considered the highest level of evidence in science. Also for this reason, the quality of the studies included should be accurately evaluated by standardized tools. The overall results of the metaanalysis depend indeed also on a rigorous evaluation of the studies quality. Among all the possible tools for this complex evaluation, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS) is one of the most used worldwide, above all for observational studies. In this review, we will discuss the strengths and limitation of the NOS, also on the basis of the branch of science in which it has been applied.
文摘AIM To establish the ability of magnetic resonance(MR) and computer tomography(CT) to predict pathologic dimensions of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(Pan NET) in a caseload of a tertiary referral center.METHODS Patients submitted to surgery for Pan NET at the Surgical Unit of the Pancreas Institute with at least 1 preoperative imaging examination(MR or CT scan) from January 2005 to December 2015 were included and data retrospectively collected. Exclusion criteria were: multifocal lesions, genetic syndromes, microadenomas or mixed tumors, metastatic disease and neoadjuvant therapy. Bland-Altman(BA) and Mountain-Plot(MP) statistics were used to compare size measured by each modality with the pathology size. Passing-Bablok(PB) regression analysis was used to check the agreement between MR and CT.RESULTS Our study population consisted of 292 patients. Seventy-nine(27.1%) were functioning Pan NET. The mean biases were 0.17 ± 7.99 mm, 1 ± 8.51 mm and 0.23 ± 9 mm, 1.2 ± 9.8 mm for MR and CT, considering the overall population and the subgroup of non-functioning-Pan NET, respectively. Limits of agreement(LOA) included the vast majority of observations, indicating a good agreement between imaging and pathology. The MP further confirmed this finding and showed that the two methods are unbiased with respect to each other. Considering ≤ 2 cm non-functioning-Pan NET, no statistical significance was found in the size estimation rate of MR and CT(P = 0.433). PBR analysis did not reveal significant differences between MR, CT and pathology.CONCLUSION MR and CT scan are accurate and interchangeable imaging techniques in predicting pathologic dimensions of Pan NET.
基金Supported by the Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro,No.12182Cassini Project
文摘Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy,whose precursor lesions are pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm,and mucinous cystic neoplasm.To better understand the biology of pancreatic cancer,it is fundamental to know its precursors and to study the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.Each of these precursors displays peculiar histological features,as well as specific molecular alterations.Starting from such pre-invasive lesions,this review aims at summarizing the most important aspects of carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer,with a specific focus on the recent advances and the future perspectives of the research on this lethal tumor type.
文摘BACKGROUND Mediastinal leakage(ML)is one of the most feared complications of esophagectomy.A standard strategy for its diagnosis and treatment has beendifficult to establish because of the great variability in their incidence and mortality rates reported in the existing series.AIM To assess the incidence,predictive factors,treatment,and associated mortality rate of mediastinal leakage using the standardized definition of mediastinal leaks recently proposed by the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group(ECCG).METHODS Seven Italian surgical centers(five high-volume,two low-volume)affiliated with the Italian Society for the Study of Esophageal Diseases designed and implemented a retrospective study including all esophagectomies(n=501)with intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis performed from 2014 to 2017.Anastomotic MLs were defined according to the classification recently proposed by the ECCG.RESULTS Fifty-nine cases of ML were recorded,yielding an overall incidence of 11.8%(95%CI:9.1%-14.9%).The surgical approach significantly influenced the occurrence of ML:the proportion of leakage was 10.5%and 9%after open and hybrid esophagectomy(HE),respectively,and doubled(20%)after totally minimally invasive esophagectomy(TMIE)(P=0.016).No other predictive factors were found.The 30-and 90-d overall mortality rates were 1.4%and 3.2%,respectively;the 30-and 90-d leak-related mortality rates were 5.1%and 10.2%,respectively;the 90-d mortality rates for TMIE and HE were 5.9%and 1.8%,respectively.Endoscopy was the first-line treatment in 49%of ML cases,with the need for retreatment in 17.2%of cases.Surgery was needed in 44.1%of ML cases.Endoscopic treatment had the lowest mortality rate(6.9%).Removal of the gastric tube with stoma formation was necessary in 8(13.6%)cases.CONCLUSION The incidence of ML after esophagectomy was high mainly in the TMIE group.However,the general and specific(leak-related)mortality rates were low.Early treatment(surgical or endoscopic)of severe leaks is mandatory to limit related mortality.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81372872 and 81402215)funds from the University Cancer Foundation via the Sister Institution Network Fund (SINF) at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital (TMUCIH), Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (UT MDACC)
文摘The fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR) family plays important roles in regulating cell growth, proliferation, survival,differentiation and angiogenesis. Deregulation of the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway has been associated with multiple development syndromes and cancers, and thus therapeutic strategies targeting FGFs and FGFR in human cancer are currently being explored.However, few studies on the FGF/FGFR pathway have been conducted in sarcoma, which has a poor outcome with traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Hence, in the present review, we provide an overview of the role of the FGF/FGFR pathway signal in sarcoma and FGFR inhibitors, which might be new targets for the treatment of sarcomas according to recent research.
基金Supported by grants from the Shandong Province Natural Science Fund Project(No.ZR2013HL004)Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province Science and Technology Plan(No.J10LF57)Binzhou Medical College Students of Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project(No.BY2014DKCX003)
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to investigate whether ethanolic extract of propolis inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis of HL-60 cel s. Methods HL-60 cel s were treated for 24, 48, 72 h with various concentrations ethanolic extracts of prop-olis （0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL）. The proliferation of HL-60 cels was determined using the 3-（4,5-dimeth-ylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Subsequently, Hochest 33258 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） were used to test the apoptosis of HL-60 cel s. We observed the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in HL-60 cel s by immunohistochemistry. Results MTT assay showed that various concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis had significant inhibitory efect on HL-60 cel proliferation （P〈 0.05）. Typical morphologic changes could be observed by fluorescence microscope and TUNEL. By immunohistochemistry, we found the expression level of Bax was up-regulated, whereas that of Bc1-2 was down-regulated （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion Ethanolic extract of propolis inhibits leukemia cel proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
文摘Objective: To determine the range and prevalence of pathological conditions and demonstration of significant anatomical structures in the maxillary sinuses using the cone beam computerized tomographic (CBCT) scan. Methodology: Case series of 60 CBCT scans of the maxillae. Results: Forty (67%) of the scans were of female patients while the rest (20, 33%) were of males. Remarkably, the majority of the scans were requested for those patients who sought dental implant fabrication. Overall, 35 (58%) scans demonstrated pathological features while 8 (13%) demonstrated significant anatomical structures. Pathological features included mucosal thickening in 26 (43%), polypoid lesions in 9 (15%), total antral opacification in 1 (2%) and foreign body in 1 (2%). The commonest anatomic feature was dental root protrusion into the maxillary sinuses in 8 (13%). Conclusion: The CBCT imaging is an important tool for investigating the maxillary sinuses for pathology and the demonstration of the associated anatomic relations.
文摘BACKGROUND Paraduodenal pancreatitis(PP)represents a diagnostic challenge,especially in non-referral centers,given its potential imaging overlap with pancreatic cancer.There are two main histological variants of PP,the cystic and the solid,with slightly different imaging appearances.Moreover,imaging findings in PP may change over time because of disease progression and/or as an effect of its risk factors exposition,namely alcohol intake and smoking.AIM To describe multimodality imaging findings in patients affected by PP to help clinicians in the differential diagnosis with pancreatic cancer.METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses 2009 guidelines.A Literature search was performed on PubMed,Embase and Cochrane Library using(groove pancreatitis[Title/Abstract])OR(PP[Title/Abstract])as key words.A total of 593 articles were considered for inclusion.After eliminating duplicates,and title and abstract screening,53 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility.Eligibility criteria were:Original studies including 8 or more patients,fully written in English,describing imaging findings in PP,with pathological confirmation or clinical-radiological follow-up as the gold standard.Finally,14 studies were included in our systematic review.RESULTS Computed tomography(CT)findings were described in 292 patients,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings in 231 and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)findings in 115.Duodenal wall thickening was observed in 88.8%of the cases:Detection rate was 96.5%at EUS,91.0%at MRI and 84.1%at CT.Second duodenal portion increased enhancement was recognizable in 76.3%of the cases:Detection rate was 84.4%at MRI and 72.1%at CT.Cysts within the duodenal wall were detected in 82.6%of the cases:Detection rate was 94.4%at EUS,81.9%at MRI and 75.7%at CT.A solid mass in the groove region was described in 40.9%of the cases;in 78.3%of the cases,it showed patchy enhancement in the portal venous phase,and in 100%appeared iso/hyperintense during delayed phase imaging.Only 3.6%of the lesions showed restricted diffusion.The prevalence of radiological signs of chronic obstructive pancreatitis,namely main pancreatic duct dilatation,pancreatic calcifications,and pancreatic cysts,was extremely variable in the different articles.CONCLUSION PP has peculiar imaging findings.MRI is the best radiological imaging modality for diagnosing PP,but EUS is more accurate than MRI in depicting duodenal wall alterations.
文摘The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with a history of primary brain tumors can be eligible for organ donation under extended criteria.The risk assessment of tumor transmission via organ transplant in primary brain tumors is primarily based on the assessment of tumor histotype and grade.Previous surgeries,chemo-/radiotherapy,and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement can lead to a disruption of the blood-brain barrier,concurring to an increase in the transmission risk.AIM To investigate the role of tumor transmission risk factors in donors with oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas.METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies reporting extraneural spreading of oligoden-drogliomas and astrocytomas and extracted clinical-pathological data on the primary tumor histotype and grade,the elapsed time from the diagnosis to the onset of metastases,sites and number of metastases,prior surgeries,prior radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy,ventriculoatrial or ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement,and the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion.Statistical analysis was performed using R software.Statistical correlation between chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the presence of multiple extra-central nervous system metastases was analyzed usingχ2 and Fischer exact test.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the presence of a correlation between the metastasis-free time and:(1)Localization of metastases;(2)The occurrence of intracranial recurrences;and(3)The occurrence of multiple metastases.RESULTS Data on a total of 157 patients were retrieved.The time from the initial diagnosis to metastatic spread ranged from 0 to 325 mo in patients with oligodendrogliomas and 0 to 267 mo in those with astrocytomas.Respectively,19%and 39%of patients with oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma did not receive any adjuvant therapy.The most frequent metastatic sites were bone,bone marrow,and lymph nodes.The lungs and the liver were the most commonly involved visceral sites.There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of multiple metastases and the administration of adjuvant chemo-/radiotherapy.Patients who developed intracranial recurrences/metastases had a significantly longer extraneural metastasis-free time compared to those who developed extraneural metastases in the absence of any intra-central nervous system spread.CONCLUSION A long follow-up time does not exclude the presence of extraneural metastases.Therefore,targeted imaging of bones and cervical lymph nodes may improve safety in the management of these donors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30370078
文摘AIM： To assess the adhesion and invasion abilities of different mouse adapted H py/or/strains in different cell lines in vitro and investigate their effects on the virulence factors cagA and vacA. METHODS： The adherence and invasion abilities of different N pylori strains in different epithelial cell lines were examined by the gentamycin protection assay. The null mutants of cagA and vacA were processed by direct PCR mutation method. The morphologic changes of different cell lines after N pylori attachment were examined by microscopy. RESULTS： The densities of adherence to and invasion into cells in vitro were different from those in the mouse infection experiments. 88-3887 strain could invade and adhere to cells stronger than SS1 and X47. All tested strains had better adhering and invasive abilities in SCG-7901 cell. CagA and vacA minus mutants had the same invasion and adherent abilities as their wild types. In all strains and cell lines tested, only AGS cell had the significant hummingbird phenotype after inoculation with the 88-3887 wild-type. CONCLUSION： Both the host cells and the bacteria play important parts in the invasion and adhesion abilities of Hpylori. CagA and VacA are not related to the ability of invasion and adhesion of Hpylori in different cell lines in vitro.
文摘using a WZD—1 microcirculation microscope,we observed the tongue tipand nail-bed microcirculation of uremic patients with deficiency of kidney-yangbefore and after blood dialysis.The results showed that the pathological basis ofuremia with deficiency of kidney-yang may be microcirculation disturbance,in-crease of metabolites and water retention.The effusion from capillary loops intongue tip may be one of the pathogenetic factors of a swollen and jaggedtongue.The flow rate of blood in capillary loops in the nail-bed was apparentlyabnormal and markedly improved after blood dialysis.The weighted integral ofnail-bed microcirculation decreased from moderately abnormal (4.99±1.52) toapproximately normal (1.98±0.97) (P【0.01).Microcirculation seems to be a sensi-tive criterion for reflecting the pathologic changes of uremia with deficiency ofkidney-yang.
基金This study was supported by Yantai Science and Technology Plan Project[Grant No.2018ZHGY088].
文摘This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Astaxanthin(AST)in rats with diabetes mellitus(DM)induced by streptozotocin.SD rats were divided into control group(n=5,only received normal saline),DM group(n=8)and AST+DM group(n=8;AST:50 mg/kg/day).DM rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin(STZ,65 mg/kg).Blood glucose level and body weight were determined at weeks 0,2,4,6 and 8,respectively.At week 8,kidney function was determined,together with expression of P53 and dynamin-related protein-1(Drp1)by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence.AST led to increase of body weight in rats with DM.AST+DM group showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level at week 4 compared with DM group(P<0.05).AST improved renal function and significantly reduced expression of P53 and Drp1 in DM rats.In addition,AST can effectively reduce the blood glucose in DM rats,and delayed the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.Such delay mediated by AST may be associated with the downregulation of Drp1 and P53.
文摘Background:Impaired wound healing is one of the most well-known complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Experimental evidence suggested that treatment with Exendin-4,a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist displaying a wide range of antidiabetic effects,can promote tissue regeneration.Objectives:Thus,this study aimed to examine the efficacy of topical treatment with Exendin-4 in accelerating wound healing in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice.Methods:For this purpose,two wounds inflicted on the back skin of 12 normo-and 12 hyperglycemic mice were injected intradermally with either saline solution or Exendin-4.Wounds were collected at the time of abrasion(T0),48 h(T1),96 h(T2),and 144 h(T3)and cryosections were analyzed by histological and histochemical methods.Results:In wounds treated with Exendin-4,an 85%reduction in size was observed at T3,and the thickness of the epidermis was statistically lower than in untreated wounds.The significative difference was observed in Exendin-4 treated wounds at T2 and T3 in the infiltration of granulocyte populations and at T3 in the degranulation index by mast cells and in the increase in vessels.Fibroblasts were significantly increased in Exendin-4 treated wounds of normo-and hyperglycemic mice at T3,which began to differentiate into myofibroblasts,from T2,and at T3 reached significant values.Conclusion:Taken all together,these results indicate that the topical administration of Exendin-4 had beneficial effects on the acceleration of the healing process of skin wounds in both normo-and hyperglycemic mice.
基金Supported by grants from Jiang su Health Key Project(No.K201102)Nantong City Social Development Project (No. S2009027)
文摘Objective:The aim of this study was to analyze the expression features of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and effects of HIF-1α silencing on HepG2 cells.Methods:HIF-1α expression was analyzed in the self-control HCC specimens by immunohistochemistry.After HepG2 cells with miRNA transfection,the expression of HIF-1α was determined at mRNA or protein level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Western blotting.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) were determined by ELISA.Alterations of cell cycles and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were measured using a flow cytometer.Results:Positive HIF-1α was brown and granule-like in the cytoplasm or nucleus.Significant difference was found between HCC (80%) and its surrounding tissues (100%,χ2=22.35,P < 0.001) and HIF-1α expression related to tumor size.At 72 h after miRNA transfection,the expression of HIF-1α in HepG2 cells was down-regulated by 87% at mRNA or 65% at protein level,with VEGF and ANG-2 decreased to 54% and 36%,respectively.After RNA interference combined with anti-cancer drug,the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells was increasing from 22.46% ± 0.61% to 36.99% ± 0.88%,with up-regulation of G1 phase (65.68% ± 0.91%) and down-regulation of S phase (19.47 ± 1.34 %).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of HIF-1α is associated with development of HCC,and HIF-1α gene silencing can effectively inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation.
