Sustainability is an important objective for architecture as buildings contribute significantly to the quality of the environment.For this reason,various building environmental assessment systems have been developed a...Sustainability is an important objective for architecture as buildings contribute significantly to the quality of the environment.For this reason,various building environmental assessment systems have been developed and applied around the world since 1990.There is currently little research investigating newly developed systems unlike many previous studies on LEED,BREEAM,etc.To fill this gap,the present study focuses on the G-SEED system in Korea by comparing and contrasting its environmental categories and evaluation criteria with those of other major building environmental assessment systems.We introduce and examine the G-SEED system by addressing the Korean context and local needs to understand the forces between globalization and localization.Methods include a dense review of government documents and reports and interviews with practitioners.The results demonstrate that while the Korean rating system shares many similarities with other systems due to the influence of these predecessors on its development,the G-SEED has customized its practices to meet various local needs by developing unique evaluation criteria such as noise and safety.展开更多
As the demand for high-performance housing grows, so does the need for improvements in building science education. Trial and error has long been the method for learning how to avoid problems in the construction of ene...As the demand for high-performance housing grows, so does the need for improvements in building science education. Trial and error has long been the method for learning how to avoid problems in the construction of energy-efficient housing, including water intrusion and mold growth. Building codes have addressed these issues in prescriptive ways that were not evidence-based. Stricter building codes or builder licensing requirements are not necessarily the solutions to problems associated with misunderstandings about building science. Motivating professionals currently involved in the housing industry to learn through continuing education is a start, but the core problem must be addressed by including building science education in curricula related to architecture, engineering, construction management and other fields. The long-term solution is to include building science education in academic construction management programs. The purpose of this paper is to review the history of what has come to be known as building science and its importance to the residential construction industry. Problems that result from a lack of knowledge about the field are covered and a potential solution is proposed.展开更多
Although the sustainability movement in the healthcare sector was initiated in response to ecological concerns,green hospitals are expected to outperform traditional hospitals on a variety of levels.The impacts of env...Although the sustainability movement in the healthcare sector was initiated in response to ecological concerns,green hospitals are expected to outperform traditional hospitals on a variety of levels.The impacts of environmental quality on patients and caregivers are demonstrated in numerous studies.However,there is still a lack of evidence on the benefits of green hospitals with respect to different dimensions of patients’experiences.In this study,data from the public Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey is used to compare the performance of green hospitals with the average performance of traditional hospitals.This study included 19 green hospitals and found that patients hospitalized in green facilities reported overall higher ratings than those in traditional hospitals when compared to the average performance of traditional hospitals of similar sizes and locations.Additionally,patients in green hospitals were more likely to recommend the hospital to their friends and family.However,relationships between specific green building features and patient experiences were not identified in this study.展开更多
Concerns regarding the environmental impacts of hospitals have made the healthcare sector one of the most prominent settings for the green building movement.Despite these environmental concerns,the number of studies t...Concerns regarding the environmental impacts of hospitals have made the healthcare sector one of the most prominent settings for the green building movement.Despite these environmental concerns,the number of studies that document the benefits of sustainable healthcare facilities is limited.In this study,the authors used the Medicare and Medicaid cost report data to compare the financial performance of 14 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)certified hospitals against the average performance of non-green facilities.In line with studies conducted in other settings,the authors found that there are low and high performers among green hospitals.For this study,green hospitals had higher facility operating expenses than an average non-green hospital and spent more on plant operations.While green hospitals included in this study generated more revenue,the incomes were not high enough to validate the high operating expenses.展开更多
The stakeholder network in a building project can influence the process of adopting sustainable building practice.Complexity of construction projects calls for integrated modes of collaboration,while the excess inerti...The stakeholder network in a building project can influence the process of adopting sustainable building practice.Complexity of construction projects calls for integrated modes of collaboration,while the excess inertia among stakeholders resulted in sluggish adoption of sustainable design and technologies.This study examined buildings that both had and had not adopted Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and/or ENERGY STAR in the New York metropolitan area,built,or went through major renovation between 1998 and 2013.Secondary datasets from multiple sources,including a private building database company,US Green Building Council,and the US Environmental Protection Agency,were combined based on building address and used for analysis.Stakeholders involved in those projects were retrospectively identified to understand the diffusion of innovation.The analysis included a total of 205 projects and 273 organizations.Findings suggest that having an architect who had worked on ENERGY STAR project(s)increased the likelihood of adopting ENERGY STAR.However,stakeholders’previous work collaboration was not associated with the adoption of sustainable programs.The method of utilizing multiple secondary datasets was tested to contribute to the methodology of building research by enabling the accumulation of knowledge.展开更多
With in creasing dema nds on medical care services,one of the trends is the mixed patient room arrangement of single/double-bed and multi-bed rooms in a nursing unit on the same floor.This influences nurse-to-patient ...With in creasing dema nds on medical care services,one of the trends is the mixed patient room arrangement of single/double-bed and multi-bed rooms in a nursing unit on the same floor.This influences nurse-to-patient assignment and often causes an unbalanced workload and longer travel distances for nurses.The objective of this study was to investigate how floor configuration and room density influence nurse travel in the hospitafs medical surgical urdts in Korea.This study presented a novel approach to measure nurse travel distances in eight existingn ursing units.The agent-based simulation was con ducted to model nurses'walking trails,and the distanee of one nurse travel to assigned patient rooms was measured for each nurse.With revisions in the spatial arrangement of patient rooms,locating multibed rooms near the nurse station,symmetric room layout centering the nurse station,and planning both single/double-bed and multi-bed rooms on one side of corridors,nurse travel distanee decreased more than 15%.This study contributed to the knowledge of agent-based simulation as an evaluation framework for spatial analysis.Apart from application to Korea,these results are particularly of interest in countries where private patient rooms are not commonly economically feasible.展开更多
The New Academic Center achieved a LEED Platinum rating,the first for Cornell’s core campus.While the obligation to meet the University’s green building criteria was a given,the design was largely influenced by hist...The New Academic Center achieved a LEED Platinum rating,the first for Cornell’s core campus.While the obligation to meet the University’s green building criteria was a given,the design was largely influenced by historic preservation and an interest in maintaining views of an historic quadrangle and valuable campus green space.These drivers led to a comprehensive design process in alignment with the University’s long term goals for overall campus redevelopment.The first phase initiative,a below-grade classroom addition,provides new space for Law School programs in an exceptionally energy efficient building with concurrent environmental benefits,including preservation of open space and enhanced storm-water management.In addition,as a thoughtful addition to a landmark building,the project emphasized the use of both existing and local building materials.展开更多
Building a single family home in the United States typically produces between three to fi ve pounds of waste per square foot(SIH).Costs of disposing this waste are mounting throughout the country,and environmental asp...Building a single family home in the United States typically produces between three to fi ve pounds of waste per square foot(SIH).Costs of disposing this waste are mounting throughout the country,and environmental aspects of this issue are receiving heightened scrutiny.Although research on this topic has shown that 80 percent of waste generated during the construction of a home can be recycled(Laquatra and Pierce 2004;SBIC 2007),less than 30 percent actually is(Martin 2007).This is likely to change as state and local government regulations of construction waste increase,with some mandating waste recycling.In addition,builders who participate in green building programs are learning that reducing the amount of waste generated during construction,and recycling waste that is produced,earns points toward certifi cation.展开更多
文摘Sustainability is an important objective for architecture as buildings contribute significantly to the quality of the environment.For this reason,various building environmental assessment systems have been developed and applied around the world since 1990.There is currently little research investigating newly developed systems unlike many previous studies on LEED,BREEAM,etc.To fill this gap,the present study focuses on the G-SEED system in Korea by comparing and contrasting its environmental categories and evaluation criteria with those of other major building environmental assessment systems.We introduce and examine the G-SEED system by addressing the Korean context and local needs to understand the forces between globalization and localization.Methods include a dense review of government documents and reports and interviews with practitioners.The results demonstrate that while the Korean rating system shares many similarities with other systems due to the influence of these predecessors on its development,the G-SEED has customized its practices to meet various local needs by developing unique evaluation criteria such as noise and safety.
文摘As the demand for high-performance housing grows, so does the need for improvements in building science education. Trial and error has long been the method for learning how to avoid problems in the construction of energy-efficient housing, including water intrusion and mold growth. Building codes have addressed these issues in prescriptive ways that were not evidence-based. Stricter building codes or builder licensing requirements are not necessarily the solutions to problems associated with misunderstandings about building science. Motivating professionals currently involved in the housing industry to learn through continuing education is a start, but the core problem must be addressed by including building science education in curricula related to architecture, engineering, construction management and other fields. The long-term solution is to include building science education in academic construction management programs. The purpose of this paper is to review the history of what has come to be known as building science and its importance to the residential construction industry. Problems that result from a lack of knowledge about the field are covered and a potential solution is proposed.
文摘Although the sustainability movement in the healthcare sector was initiated in response to ecological concerns,green hospitals are expected to outperform traditional hospitals on a variety of levels.The impacts of environmental quality on patients and caregivers are demonstrated in numerous studies.However,there is still a lack of evidence on the benefits of green hospitals with respect to different dimensions of patients’experiences.In this study,data from the public Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey is used to compare the performance of green hospitals with the average performance of traditional hospitals.This study included 19 green hospitals and found that patients hospitalized in green facilities reported overall higher ratings than those in traditional hospitals when compared to the average performance of traditional hospitals of similar sizes and locations.Additionally,patients in green hospitals were more likely to recommend the hospital to their friends and family.However,relationships between specific green building features and patient experiences were not identified in this study.
文摘Concerns regarding the environmental impacts of hospitals have made the healthcare sector one of the most prominent settings for the green building movement.Despite these environmental concerns,the number of studies that document the benefits of sustainable healthcare facilities is limited.In this study,the authors used the Medicare and Medicaid cost report data to compare the financial performance of 14 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED)certified hospitals against the average performance of non-green facilities.In line with studies conducted in other settings,the authors found that there are low and high performers among green hospitals.For this study,green hospitals had higher facility operating expenses than an average non-green hospital and spent more on plant operations.While green hospitals included in this study generated more revenue,the incomes were not high enough to validate the high operating expenses.
文摘The stakeholder network in a building project can influence the process of adopting sustainable building practice.Complexity of construction projects calls for integrated modes of collaboration,while the excess inertia among stakeholders resulted in sluggish adoption of sustainable design and technologies.This study examined buildings that both had and had not adopted Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and/or ENERGY STAR in the New York metropolitan area,built,or went through major renovation between 1998 and 2013.Secondary datasets from multiple sources,including a private building database company,US Green Building Council,and the US Environmental Protection Agency,were combined based on building address and used for analysis.Stakeholders involved in those projects were retrospectively identified to understand the diffusion of innovation.The analysis included a total of 205 projects and 273 organizations.Findings suggest that having an architect who had worked on ENERGY STAR project(s)increased the likelihood of adopting ENERGY STAR.However,stakeholders’previous work collaboration was not associated with the adoption of sustainable programs.The method of utilizing multiple secondary datasets was tested to contribute to the methodology of building research by enabling the accumulation of knowledge.
基金supported by the BK 21 Plus funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea.
文摘With in creasing dema nds on medical care services,one of the trends is the mixed patient room arrangement of single/double-bed and multi-bed rooms in a nursing unit on the same floor.This influences nurse-to-patient assignment and often causes an unbalanced workload and longer travel distances for nurses.The objective of this study was to investigate how floor configuration and room density influence nurse travel in the hospitafs medical surgical urdts in Korea.This study presented a novel approach to measure nurse travel distances in eight existingn ursing units.The agent-based simulation was con ducted to model nurses'walking trails,and the distanee of one nurse travel to assigned patient rooms was measured for each nurse.With revisions in the spatial arrangement of patient rooms,locating multibed rooms near the nurse station,symmetric room layout centering the nurse station,and planning both single/double-bed and multi-bed rooms on one side of corridors,nurse travel distanee decreased more than 15%.This study contributed to the knowledge of agent-based simulation as an evaluation framework for spatial analysis.Apart from application to Korea,these results are particularly of interest in countries where private patient rooms are not commonly economically feasible.
文摘The New Academic Center achieved a LEED Platinum rating,the first for Cornell’s core campus.While the obligation to meet the University’s green building criteria was a given,the design was largely influenced by historic preservation and an interest in maintaining views of an historic quadrangle and valuable campus green space.These drivers led to a comprehensive design process in alignment with the University’s long term goals for overall campus redevelopment.The first phase initiative,a below-grade classroom addition,provides new space for Law School programs in an exceptionally energy efficient building with concurrent environmental benefits,including preservation of open space and enhanced storm-water management.In addition,as a thoughtful addition to a landmark building,the project emphasized the use of both existing and local building materials.
文摘Building a single family home in the United States typically produces between three to fi ve pounds of waste per square foot(SIH).Costs of disposing this waste are mounting throughout the country,and environmental aspects of this issue are receiving heightened scrutiny.Although research on this topic has shown that 80 percent of waste generated during the construction of a home can be recycled(Laquatra and Pierce 2004;SBIC 2007),less than 30 percent actually is(Martin 2007).This is likely to change as state and local government regulations of construction waste increase,with some mandating waste recycling.In addition,builders who participate in green building programs are learning that reducing the amount of waste generated during construction,and recycling waste that is produced,earns points toward certifi cation.
