Biao Hu was one of the eight famous traditional crafts in the late Qing dynasty.This skill involved decorating the interiors of ancient buildings such as ceilings,walls,and windows and creating burial objects.It was p...Biao Hu was one of the eight famous traditional crafts in the late Qing dynasty.This skill involved decorating the interiors of ancient buildings such as ceilings,walls,and windows and creating burial objects.It was primarily used for wooden buildings in northern China during the early Qing dynasty.For example,there is white-patterned wallpaper in the Forbidden City utilizing both traditional and nontraditional patterns.Moreover,there was wallpaper with a special pattern in the Lodge of the Bamboo Fragrance(Zhuxiang Guan).Its structure and composition were studied via morphological observations and spectral analyses,the pigments and dyes were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum(UPLC-MS).Traditional technology and exchanges between China and the West were discussed by the study of patterned wallpapers in other buildings of the Forbidden City.展开更多
Dear Editors, Terahertz technology has been applied in many fields [1-3]. The protection and restoration of historical relics and cul- tural heritage, which is a new application area of terahertz technology, have been...Dear Editors, Terahertz technology has been applied in many fields [1-3]. The protection and restoration of historical relics and cul- tural heritage, which is a new application area of terahertz technology, have been attracting much attention recently [4,5] because of its social significance and market prospects The most important premise is to obtain information of the cultural relics without damaging them again. Therefore the appropriate non-destructively testing methods are urgently needed in this area. Terahertz （THz） wave bridges the gap between microwave and infrared waves.展开更多
Lacquer is the main raw material of lacquerware,while UV-irradiation is an important factor leading to its aging.In order to investigate the aging behavior of urushi lacquer film under UV-irradiation,and to propose pa...Lacquer is the main raw material of lacquerware,while UV-irradiation is an important factor leading to its aging.In order to investigate the aging behavior of urushi lacquer film under UV-irradiation,and to propose parameters that can be used to evaluate its aging degree,the micro-UV/Py-GC/MS system has been applied in the present work to enrich and identify volatile products released by urushi film during aging on the one hand,and to investigate micro-amount and conventional urushi films with different aging degrees on the other hand,in addition,representative historical samples have also been investigated.Volatile products released by urushi film demonstrate that during UV-irradiation,polysaccharides wrapping urushiol polymer would be first degraded to generate furans and alcohols,and then urushiol polymer would undergo photo-oxidation and break of molecular chain,mainly generating oxidation products including aldehydes,organic acids,and ketones,as well as a small number of alkyl benzenes and hydrocarbons.Py-GC/MS analysis of micro-amount urushi films with different aging degrees indicates that UVirradiation is more destructive to aliphatic chains in urushiol polymer,but it also can accelerate the polymerization of microamount urushi film.Py-GC/MS analysis of conventional urushi films indicates that with the increase of aging degree,the total chromatographic peak area ratio of hydrocarbons to benzene derivatives gradually increases,the peak area ratio of 3-pentadecenyl-catechol to 3-pentadecyl-catechol gradually decreases,and the peak area ratio of aging products of urushiol to 3-pentadecyl-catechol gradually increases.The above parameters were further used to evaluate the aging degree of two urushicontained samples separately collected from the surface and interior of a carved lacquer panel in the Forbidden City,and evaluation results are in accord with the natural aging law and further verify the reliability of the proposed parameters.Research results of the present work can lay a foundation for the in-depth study of the UV-irradiation aging mechanism of urushi.展开更多
基金the support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1520300).
文摘Biao Hu was one of the eight famous traditional crafts in the late Qing dynasty.This skill involved decorating the interiors of ancient buildings such as ceilings,walls,and windows and creating burial objects.It was primarily used for wooden buildings in northern China during the early Qing dynasty.For example,there is white-patterned wallpaper in the Forbidden City utilizing both traditional and nontraditional patterns.Moreover,there was wallpaper with a special pattern in the Lodge of the Bamboo Fragrance(Zhuxiang Guan).Its structure and composition were studied via morphological observations and spectral analyses,the pigments and dyes were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum(UPLC-MS).Traditional technology and exchanges between China and the West were discussed by the study of patterned wallpapers in other buildings of the Forbidden City.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11204191 and 11574408)the National Instrumentation Program(Grant No.2012YQ140005)Beijing Science and Technology Project(Grant No.D151100006015002)
文摘Dear Editors, Terahertz technology has been applied in many fields [1-3]. The protection and restoration of historical relics and cul- tural heritage, which is a new application area of terahertz technology, have been attracting much attention recently [4,5] because of its social significance and market prospects The most important premise is to obtain information of the cultural relics without damaging them again. Therefore the appropriate non-destructively testing methods are urgently needed in this area. Terahertz （THz） wave bridges the gap between microwave and infrared waves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21904024)。
文摘Lacquer is the main raw material of lacquerware,while UV-irradiation is an important factor leading to its aging.In order to investigate the aging behavior of urushi lacquer film under UV-irradiation,and to propose parameters that can be used to evaluate its aging degree,the micro-UV/Py-GC/MS system has been applied in the present work to enrich and identify volatile products released by urushi film during aging on the one hand,and to investigate micro-amount and conventional urushi films with different aging degrees on the other hand,in addition,representative historical samples have also been investigated.Volatile products released by urushi film demonstrate that during UV-irradiation,polysaccharides wrapping urushiol polymer would be first degraded to generate furans and alcohols,and then urushiol polymer would undergo photo-oxidation and break of molecular chain,mainly generating oxidation products including aldehydes,organic acids,and ketones,as well as a small number of alkyl benzenes and hydrocarbons.Py-GC/MS analysis of micro-amount urushi films with different aging degrees indicates that UVirradiation is more destructive to aliphatic chains in urushiol polymer,but it also can accelerate the polymerization of microamount urushi film.Py-GC/MS analysis of conventional urushi films indicates that with the increase of aging degree,the total chromatographic peak area ratio of hydrocarbons to benzene derivatives gradually increases,the peak area ratio of 3-pentadecenyl-catechol to 3-pentadecyl-catechol gradually decreases,and the peak area ratio of aging products of urushiol to 3-pentadecyl-catechol gradually increases.The above parameters were further used to evaluate the aging degree of two urushicontained samples separately collected from the surface and interior of a carved lacquer panel in the Forbidden City,and evaluation results are in accord with the natural aging law and further verify the reliability of the proposed parameters.Research results of the present work can lay a foundation for the in-depth study of the UV-irradiation aging mechanism of urushi.
