Heart disease includes a multiplicity of medical conditions that affect the structure,blood vessels,and general operation of the heart.Numerous researchers have made progress in correcting and predicting early heart d...Heart disease includes a multiplicity of medical conditions that affect the structure,blood vessels,and general operation of the heart.Numerous researchers have made progress in correcting and predicting early heart disease,but more remains to be accomplished.The diagnostic accuracy of many current studies is inadequate due to the attempt to predict patients with heart disease using traditional approaches.By using data fusion from several regions of the country,we intend to increase the accuracy of heart disease prediction.A statistical approach that promotes insights triggered by feature interactions to reveal the intricate pattern in the data,which cannot be adequately captured by a single feature.We processed the data using techniques including feature scaling,outlier detection and replacement,null and missing value imputation,and more to improve the data quality.Furthermore,the proposed feature engineering method uses the correlation test for numerical features and the chi-square test for categorical features to interact with the feature.To reduce the dimensionality,we subsequently used PCA with 95%variation.To identify patients with heart disease,hyperparameter-based machine learning algorithms like RF,XGBoost,Gradient Boosting,LightGBM,CatBoost,SVM,and MLP are utilized,along with ensemble models.The model’s overall prediction performance ranges from 88%to 92%.In order to attain cutting-edge results,we then used a 1D CNN model,which significantly enhanced the prediction with an accuracy score of 96.36%,precision of 96.45%,recall of 96.36%,specificity score of 99.51%and F1 score of 96.34%.The RF model produces the best results among all the classifiers in the evaluation matrix without feature interaction,with accuracy of 90.21%,precision of 90.40%,recall of 90.86%,specificity of 90.91%,and F1 score of 90.63%.Our proposed 1D CNN model is 7%superior to the one without feature engineering when compared to the suggested approach.This illustrates how interaction-focused feature analysis can produce precise and useful insights for heart disease diagnosis.展开更多
One application of software engineering is the vast and widely popular video game entertainment industry. Success of a video game product depends on how well the player base receives it. Of research towards understand...One application of software engineering is the vast and widely popular video game entertainment industry. Success of a video game product depends on how well the player base receives it. Of research towards understanding factors of success behind releasing a video game, we are interested in studying a factor known as Replayability. Towards a software engineering oriented game design methodology, we collect player opinions on Replayability via surveys and provide methods to analyze the data. We believe these results can help game designers to more successfully produce entertaining games with longer lasting appeal by utilizing our software engineering techniques.展开更多
Essentially, it is significant to supply the consumer with reliable and sufficient power. Since, power quality is measured by the consistency in frequency and power flow between control areas. Thus, in a power system ...Essentially, it is significant to supply the consumer with reliable and sufficient power. Since, power quality is measured by the consistency in frequency and power flow between control areas. Thus, in a power system operation and control,automatic generation control(AGC) plays a crucial role. In this paper, multi-area(Five areas: area 1, area 2, area 3, area 4 and area 5) reheat thermal power systems are considered with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller as a supplementary controller. Each area in the investigated power system is equipped with appropriate governor unit, turbine with reheater unit, generator and speed regulator unit. The PID controller parameters are optimized by considering nature bio-inspired firefly algorithm(FFA). The experimental results demonstrated the comparison of the proposed system performance(FFA-PID)with optimized PID controller based genetic algorithm(GAPID) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) technique(PSOPID) for the same investigated power system. The results proved the efficiency of employing the integral time absolute error(ITAE) cost function with one percent step load perturbation(1 % SLP) in area 1. The proposed system based FFA achieved the least settling time compared to using the GA or the PSO algorithms, while, it attained good results with respect to the peak overshoot/undershoot. In addition, the FFA performance is improved with the increased number of iterations which outperformed the other optimization algorithms based controller.展开更多
Research on human emotions has started to address psychological aspects of human nature and has advanced to the point of designing various models that represent them quantitatively and systematically. Based on the fin...Research on human emotions has started to address psychological aspects of human nature and has advanced to the point of designing various models that represent them quantitatively and systematically. Based on the findings, a method is suggested for emotional space formation and emotional inference that enhance the quality and maximize the reality of emotion-based personalized services. In consideration of the subjective tendencies of individuals, AHP was adopted for the quantitative evaluation of human emotions, based on which an emotional space remodeling method is suggested in reference to the emotional model of Thayer and Plutchik, which takes into account personal emotions. In addition, Sugeno fuzzy inference, fuzzy measures, and Choquet integral were adopted for emotional inference in the remodeled personalized emotional space model. Its performance was evaluated through an experiment. Fourteen cases were analyzed with 4.0 and higher evaluation value of emotions inferred, for the evaluation of emotional similarity, through the case studies of 17 kinds of emotional inference methods. Matching results per inference method in ten cases accounting for 71% are confirmed. It is also found that the remaining two cases are inferred as adjoining emotion in the same section. In this manner, the similarity of inference results is verified.展开更多
Shannon observed the relation between information entropy and Maxwell demon experiment to come up with information entropy formula. After that, Shannon＇s entropy formula is widely used to measure information leakage ...Shannon observed the relation between information entropy and Maxwell demon experiment to come up with information entropy formula. After that, Shannon＇s entropy formula is widely used to measure information leakage in imperative programs. But in the present work, our aim is to go in a reverse direction and try to find possible Maxwell＇s demon experimental setup for contemporary practical imperative programs in which variations of Shannon＇s entropy formula has been applied to measure the information leakage. To establish the relation between the second principle of thermodynamics and quantitative analysis of information leakage, present work models contemporary variations of imperative programs in terms of Maxwell＇s demon experimental setup. In the present work five contemporary variations of imperative program related to information quantification are identified. They are： （i） information leakage in imperative program, （ii） imperative multi- threaded program, （iii） point to point leakage in the imperative program, （iv） imperative program with infinite observation, and （v） imperative program in the SOA-based environment. For these variations, minimal work required by an attacker to gain the secret is also calculated using historical Maxwell＇s demon experiment. To model the experimental setup of Maxwell＇s demon, non-interference security policy is used. In the present work, imperative programs with one-bit secret information have been considered to avoid the complexity. The findings of the present work from the history of physics can be utilized in many areas related to information flow of physical computing, nano-computing, quantum computing, biological computing, energy dissipation in computing, and computing power analysis.展开更多
The Vehicular Safety Consortium (VSC), the Crash-Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) consortium and the Vehicle Infrastructure Initiative (VII) [1] along with the giants of the light-duty vehicle manufactures, are wo...The Vehicular Safety Consortium (VSC), the Crash-Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) consortium and the Vehicle Infrastructure Initiative (VII) [1] along with the giants of the light-duty vehicle manufactures, are working to develop pre-competitive safety technologies and various applications that can be offered in Vehicular ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), a special kind mobile ad-hoc networks where wireless equipped element called on-board unit (OBU) in vehicles form a network with the Roadside unit (RSU) without any additional infrastructure. In this paper, we are primarily categorizing various possible applications of vehicular network, along with its features, and implementations in the real world.展开更多
In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of ensemble-based learners for web robot session identification from web server logs. We also perform multi fold robot session labeling to improve the performance of lear...In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of ensemble-based learners for web robot session identification from web server logs. We also perform multi fold robot session labeling to improve the performance of learner. We conduct a comparative study for various ensemble methods (Bagging, Boosting, and Voting) with simple classifiers in perspective of classification. We also evaluate the effectiveness of these classifiers (both ensemble and simple) on five different data sets of varying session length. Presently the results of web server log analyzers are not very much reliable because the input log files are highly inflated by sessions of automated web traverse software’s, known as web robots. Presence of web robots access traffic entries in web server log repositories imposes a great challenge to extract any actionable and usable knowledge about browsing behavior of actual visitors. So web robots sessions need accurate and fast detection from web server log repositories to extract knowledge about genuine visitors and to produce correct results of log analyzers.展开更多
In this paper, we study the problem of employ ensemble learning for computer forensic. We propose a Lazy Local Learning based bagging （L3B） approach, where base learners are trained from a small instance subset surr...In this paper, we study the problem of employ ensemble learning for computer forensic. We propose a Lazy Local Learning based bagging （L3B） approach, where base learners are trained from a small instance subset surrounding each test instance. More specifically, given a test instance x, L3B first discovers x＇s k nearest neighbours, and then applies progressive sampling to the selected neighbours to train a set of base classifiers, by using a given very weak （VW） learner. At the last stage, x is labeled as the most frequently voted class of all base classifiers. Finally, we apply the proposed L3B to computer forensic.展开更多
This paper presents a system to alert of dangerous a child situation of a child by applying context information collected from a home network to ontology that is capable of inference. Radio frequency Identification (R...This paper presents a system to alert of dangerous a child situation of a child by applying context information collected from a home network to ontology that is capable of inference. Radio frequency Identification (RFID) and sensors were used for the configuration of a home network, to obtain the raw data to convert into context information. To express the ontology, web ontology language (OWL) was used to provide the inference of context information. Then, simple object access protocol (SOAP) messages were used to notify of the dangerous situations that a child may be involved in via mobile devices. The proposed system consists of Context Manager, Service Manager, and Notification Manager. The child’s safety management system can proactively detect the context data of a child on the basis of context awareness. In the experiment, the Jena 2.0 by ontology reasoner and the OSGi(Open Service Gateway initiative) Gateway developed using open source software Knopflerfish 1.3.3 were used to implement the service frame work.展开更多
Objective:To investigate and compare the resistance and sensitivity of Salmonella typhi samples to commonly used antibiotics in three major divisions of Bangladesh and to evaluate the gradually developing resistance p...Objective:To investigate and compare the resistance and sensitivity of Salmonella typhi samples to commonly used antibiotics in three major divisions of Bangladesh and to evaluate the gradually developing resistance pattern.Methods:The antibiotic susceptibility of 70 clinical isolates collected from blood,sputum,urine and pus samples were identified by specific antisera and with standard biochemical tests.The patients were divided into 5 age groups.Susceptibility and resistance was also tested by KirbyBauer disc-diffusion method using 12 regularly used antibiotics.Results:Antibiotic susceptibility test demonstrated that 64.28%isolates of Salmonella typhi were multidrug resistant.Present study suggests that the clinical samples were mostly resistant against nalidixic acid with all age groups and in all three divisions with similar resistance pattern.Resistance is more common among adult people(30-40 years)and children(0-10 years).Salmonella typhi was mostly sensitive against gentamycin,chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin.Conclusions:Although the population density of Dhaka region is markedly higher than Rajshahi and Chittagong regions,no significant difference in resistance pattern was found.The rate of multidrug resistance is a matter of concern.Physicians should reconsider before prescribing nalidixic acid and cefixime.Further molecular study is needed to reveal the genomic and proteomic basis of resistance.展开更多
Abstract--- Because of rapid development in network technology, Internet usage has become widespread. It allows users with sensing devices to obtain medical data for healthcare, such as physiological signals, voice, a...Abstract--- Because of rapid development in network technology, Internet usage has become widespread. It allows users with sensing devices to obtain medical data for healthcare, such as physiological signals, voice, and video streams from telemedicine systems, and to send the healthcare data to back-end database systems, creating a ubiquitous healthcare environment. However, this environment requires a widespread and suitable network. IPv6 （Internet protocol version 6） is the next-generation Internet protocol that will be the protocol of future networks; it improves many shortcomings of IPv4. In this paper, we propose an IPv6/IPv4 U-home-care test system and analyze the network＇s parameters though a series of tests by adjusting network parameters to find the optimal design for applications in the IPv6/IPv4 U-home-care service so as to assure good performance and high quality.展开更多
Rigorous modeling could improve the correctness and reduce cost in embedded real-time system development for models could be verified. Tools are needed for rigorous modeling of embedded real-time system. UML is an ind...Rigorous modeling could improve the correctness and reduce cost in embedded real-time system development for models could be verified. Tools are needed for rigorous modeling of embedded real-time system. UML is an industrial standard modeling language which provides a powerful expressi-veness, intuitive and easy to use interface to model. UML is widely accepted by software developer. However, for lack of precisely defined semantics, especially on the dynamic diagrams, UML model is hard to be verified. PVS is a general formal method which provides a high-order logic specification language and integrated with model checking and theorem proving tools. Combining the widely used UML with PVS, this paper provides a novel modeling and verification approach for embedded real-time system. In this approach, we provide 1) a timed extended UML statechart for modeling dynamic behavior of an embedded real-time system; 2) an approach to capture timed automata based semantics from timed statechart; and 3) an algorithm to generate a finite state model expressed in PVS specification for model checking. The benefits of our approach include flexible and friendly in modeling, extendable in forma-lization and verification content, and better performance. Time constraints are modeled and verified and it’s a highlight of this paper.展开更多
Multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（MIMO-OFDM）is the foremost space interface for 4Gand 5Gbroadband wireless communication.MIMO can transmit diverse signals over multiple antennas and...Multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（MIMO-OFDM）is the foremost space interface for 4Gand 5Gbroadband wireless communication.MIMO can transmit diverse signals over multiple antennas and OFDM can divide a radio channel into a huge number of closely spaced sub channels to afford more reliable communications at high speed.Research show that MIMO can be used with other well-liked wireless interfaces such as time division multiple access（TDMA）and code division multiple access（CDMA）,the amalgamation of MIMO and OFDM is most realistic at higher data rates.It is conclude that by using different turbo coding rate,we are getting improved bit error rate（BER）.展开更多
As ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) technologies and its middleware are still at its early stages, the system of the USN relies on the middleware and applications. The past sensor networks are assumed to be designed f...As ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) technologies and its middleware are still at its early stages, the system of the USN relies on the middleware and applications. The past sensor networks are assumed to be designed for specific applications, having data communication protocols tightly coupled to applications. To avoid these problems, several kinds of USN middleware have been researched and developed. However, most middleware of USN are still restricted by its own infrastructure so far. This paper proposes appropriate 3 tier Smart Middleware System (3SMS) for USN.展开更多
Authentication is the basis of the security of IEEE 802.11i standard. The authentication process in 802.11i involves two important protocols： a 4-way handshake and a group key handshake. A formal analysis of authenti...Authentication is the basis of the security of IEEE 802.11i standard. The authentication process in 802.11i involves two important protocols： a 4-way handshake and a group key handshake. A formal analysis of authentication in 802.11i is given via a belief multisets formalism. The analysis shows that the 4-way handshake and the group key handshake may provide satisfactory mutual authentication, key management, and issue of a new group temporal key from an access point to a user device, under the guarantee of mutual possession of a confidential palrwise master key. The analysis also shows that there exists a denial of service attack in the 4-way handshake and some seeming redundancies are useful in the protocol implementation.展开更多
Temporal key integrity protocol （TKIP） is a sub-protocol of IEEE 802.11i. TKIP remedies some security flaws in wired equivalent privacy （WEP） protocol. TKIP adds four new algorithms to WEP： a message integrity co...Temporal key integrity protocol （TKIP） is a sub-protocol of IEEE 802.11i. TKIP remedies some security flaws in wired equivalent privacy （WEP） protocol. TKIP adds four new algorithms to WEP： a message integrity code （MIC） called Michael, an initialization vector （IV） sequencing discipline, a key mixing function and a reeying mechanism. The key mixing function, also called temporal key hash, de-correlates the IVs from weak keys. Some cryptographic properties of the substitution box （S-box） used in the key mixing function are investigated in this paper, such as regularity, avalanche effect, differ uniform and linear structure. Moen et al pointed out that there existed a temporal key recovery attack in TKIP key mixing function. In this paper a method is proposed to defend against the attack, and the resulting effect on performance is discussed.展开更多
Modern network systems have much trouble in security vulnerabilities such as buffer overflow, bugs in Microsoft Internet, sensor network routing protocol too simple, security flaws of applications, and operating syste...Modern network systems have much trouble in security vulnerabilities such as buffer overflow, bugs in Microsoft Internet, sensor network routing protocol too simple, security flaws of applications, and operating systems. Moreover, wireless devices such as smart phones, personal digital assistants （PDAs）, and sensors have become economically feasible because of technological advances in wireless communication and manufacturing of small and low-cost sensors. There are typologies of vulnerabilities to be exploited in these devices. In order to improve securities, many mechanisms are adopted, including authentication, cryptography, access control, and intrusion detection systems （IDS）. In general, intrusion detection techniques can be categorized into two groups： misuse detection and anomaly detection. The misuse detection systems use patterns of weB-known attacks or weak spots of the systems to identify intrusions. The weakness of misuse detection systems is unable to detect any future （unknown） intrusion until corresponding attack signatures are intruded into the signature database. Anomaly detection methods try to determine whether the deviation is from the established normal usage patterns or not. The critical success of anomaly detection relies on the model of normal behaviors.展开更多
By solving the 2D Poisson＇s equation, analytical models are proposed to calculate the surface potential and electric field distributions of lateral power devices with arbitrary vertical doping profiles. The vertical ...By solving the 2D Poisson＇s equation, analytical models are proposed to calculate the surface potential and electric field distributions of lateral power devices with arbitrary vertical doping profiles. The vertical and the lateral breakdown voltages are formulized to quantify the breakdown characteristic in completely-depleted and partially-depleted cases. A new reduced surface field （RESURF） criterion which can be used in various drift doping profiles is further derived for obtaining the optimal trade-off between the breakdown voltage and the on-resistance. Based on these models and the numerical simulation, the electric field modulation mechanism and the breakdown characteristics of lateral power devices are investigated in detail for the uniform, linear, Gaussian, and some discrete doping profiles along the vertical direction in the drift region. Then, the mentioned vertical doping profiles of these devices with the same geometric parameters are optimized, and the results show that the optimal breakdown voltages and the effective drift doping concentrations of these devices are identical, which are equal to those of the uniform-doped device, respectively. The analytical results of these proposed models are in good agreement with the numerical results and the previous experimental results, confirming the validity of the models presented here.展开更多
Wireless mesh networks are very common both for organizations and individuals. Many laptops, computers have wireless cards pre-installed for buyer. However a wireless networking has many security issues. An intrusions...Wireless mesh networks are very common both for organizations and individuals. Many laptops, computers have wireless cards pre-installed for buyer. However a wireless networking has many security issues. An intrusions detection system aim to detect the different attacks against network and system. An intrusion detection system should be capable for detecting the misuse of the network whether it will be by the authenticated user or by an attacker. They detect attempts and active misuse either by legitimate users of the information systems or by external. The present paper deals with cross layer based intrusion detection system for wireless domain—a critical anlaysis. The present paper deals with role of cross layer based intrusion detection system for wireless domain.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the safe and effective methods to treat liver cir-rhosis. The practitioners of TCM assess hepatic function in term of syndrome. But the course of syndrome differentiation i...Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the safe and effective methods to treat liver cir-rhosis. The practitioners of TCM assess hepatic function in term of syndrome. But the course of syndrome differentiation is subjectivity. At pre-sent most of all the researches are focused on the relationship between the syndrome and the Western medicine objective indicators such as child-pugh grade. In fact syndrome is the syn-thesis of signs and symptoms and collecting signs, symptoms is easy than syndrome differ-entiation. We try to explore the relationship be-tween the objective Western medicine standard such as child-pugh grade, decompensation or compensation stage, active or inactive period and the signs and symptoms of TCM by using the data mining method. We use the information gain method to assess the attributes and use five typical classifiers such as logistic, Bayes-Net, NaiveBayes, RBF and C4.5 to obtain the classification accuracy. After attribute selection, we obtain the main symptoms and signs of TCM relating to the stage, period and child-pugh grade about liver cirrhosis. The experiment re-sults show the classification accuracy is im-proved after filtering some symptoms and signs.展开更多
基金supported by the Competitive Research Fund of the University of Aizu,Japan(Grant No.P-13).
文摘Heart disease includes a multiplicity of medical conditions that affect the structure,blood vessels,and general operation of the heart.Numerous researchers have made progress in correcting and predicting early heart disease,but more remains to be accomplished.The diagnostic accuracy of many current studies is inadequate due to the attempt to predict patients with heart disease using traditional approaches.By using data fusion from several regions of the country,we intend to increase the accuracy of heart disease prediction.A statistical approach that promotes insights triggered by feature interactions to reveal the intricate pattern in the data,which cannot be adequately captured by a single feature.We processed the data using techniques including feature scaling,outlier detection and replacement,null and missing value imputation,and more to improve the data quality.Furthermore,the proposed feature engineering method uses the correlation test for numerical features and the chi-square test for categorical features to interact with the feature.To reduce the dimensionality,we subsequently used PCA with 95%variation.To identify patients with heart disease,hyperparameter-based machine learning algorithms like RF,XGBoost,Gradient Boosting,LightGBM,CatBoost,SVM,and MLP are utilized,along with ensemble models.The model’s overall prediction performance ranges from 88%to 92%.In order to attain cutting-edge results,we then used a 1D CNN model,which significantly enhanced the prediction with an accuracy score of 96.36%,precision of 96.45%,recall of 96.36%,specificity score of 99.51%and F1 score of 96.34%.The RF model produces the best results among all the classifiers in the evaluation matrix without feature interaction,with accuracy of 90.21%,precision of 90.40%,recall of 90.86%,specificity of 90.91%,and F1 score of 90.63%.Our proposed 1D CNN model is 7%superior to the one without feature engineering when compared to the suggested approach.This illustrates how interaction-focused feature analysis can produce precise and useful insights for heart disease diagnosis.
文摘One application of software engineering is the vast and widely popular video game entertainment industry. Success of a video game product depends on how well the player base receives it. Of research towards understanding factors of success behind releasing a video game, we are interested in studying a factor known as Replayability. Towards a software engineering oriented game design methodology, we collect player opinions on Replayability via surveys and provide methods to analyze the data. We believe these results can help game designers to more successfully produce entertaining games with longer lasting appeal by utilizing our software engineering techniques.
文摘Essentially, it is significant to supply the consumer with reliable and sufficient power. Since, power quality is measured by the consistency in frequency and power flow between control areas. Thus, in a power system operation and control,automatic generation control(AGC) plays a crucial role. In this paper, multi-area(Five areas: area 1, area 2, area 3, area 4 and area 5) reheat thermal power systems are considered with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller as a supplementary controller. Each area in the investigated power system is equipped with appropriate governor unit, turbine with reheater unit, generator and speed regulator unit. The PID controller parameters are optimized by considering nature bio-inspired firefly algorithm(FFA). The experimental results demonstrated the comparison of the proposed system performance(FFA-PID)with optimized PID controller based genetic algorithm(GAPID) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) technique(PSOPID) for the same investigated power system. The results proved the efficiency of employing the integral time absolute error(ITAE) cost function with one percent step load perturbation(1 % SLP) in area 1. The proposed system based FFA achieved the least settling time compared to using the GA or the PSO algorithms, while, it attained good results with respect to the peak overshoot/undershoot. In addition, the FFA performance is improved with the increased number of iterations which outperformed the other optimization algorithms based controller.
基金Project(2012R1A1A2042625) supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education
文摘Research on human emotions has started to address psychological aspects of human nature and has advanced to the point of designing various models that represent them quantitatively and systematically. Based on the findings, a method is suggested for emotional space formation and emotional inference that enhance the quality and maximize the reality of emotion-based personalized services. In consideration of the subjective tendencies of individuals, AHP was adopted for the quantitative evaluation of human emotions, based on which an emotional space remodeling method is suggested in reference to the emotional model of Thayer and Plutchik, which takes into account personal emotions. In addition, Sugeno fuzzy inference, fuzzy measures, and Choquet integral were adopted for emotional inference in the remodeled personalized emotional space model. Its performance was evaluated through an experiment. Fourteen cases were analyzed with 4.0 and higher evaluation value of emotions inferred, for the evaluation of emotional similarity, through the case studies of 17 kinds of emotional inference methods. Matching results per inference method in ten cases accounting for 71% are confirmed. It is also found that the remaining two cases are inferred as adjoining emotion in the same section. In this manner, the similarity of inference results is verified.
文摘Shannon observed the relation between information entropy and Maxwell demon experiment to come up with information entropy formula. After that, Shannon＇s entropy formula is widely used to measure information leakage in imperative programs. But in the present work, our aim is to go in a reverse direction and try to find possible Maxwell＇s demon experimental setup for contemporary practical imperative programs in which variations of Shannon＇s entropy formula has been applied to measure the information leakage. To establish the relation between the second principle of thermodynamics and quantitative analysis of information leakage, present work models contemporary variations of imperative programs in terms of Maxwell＇s demon experimental setup. In the present work five contemporary variations of imperative program related to information quantification are identified. They are： （i） information leakage in imperative program, （ii） imperative multi- threaded program, （iii） point to point leakage in the imperative program, （iv） imperative program with infinite observation, and （v） imperative program in the SOA-based environment. For these variations, minimal work required by an attacker to gain the secret is also calculated using historical Maxwell＇s demon experiment. To model the experimental setup of Maxwell＇s demon, non-interference security policy is used. In the present work, imperative programs with one-bit secret information have been considered to avoid the complexity. The findings of the present work from the history of physics can be utilized in many areas related to information flow of physical computing, nano-computing, quantum computing, biological computing, energy dissipation in computing, and computing power analysis.
文摘The Vehicular Safety Consortium (VSC), the Crash-Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) consortium and the Vehicle Infrastructure Initiative (VII) [1] along with the giants of the light-duty vehicle manufactures, are working to develop pre-competitive safety technologies and various applications that can be offered in Vehicular ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), a special kind mobile ad-hoc networks where wireless equipped element called on-board unit (OBU) in vehicles form a network with the Roadside unit (RSU) without any additional infrastructure. In this paper, we are primarily categorizing various possible applications of vehicular network, along with its features, and implementations in the real world.
文摘In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of ensemble-based learners for web robot session identification from web server logs. We also perform multi fold robot session labeling to improve the performance of learner. We conduct a comparative study for various ensemble methods (Bagging, Boosting, and Voting) with simple classifiers in perspective of classification. We also evaluate the effectiveness of these classifiers (both ensemble and simple) on five different data sets of varying session length. Presently the results of web server log analyzers are not very much reliable because the input log files are highly inflated by sessions of automated web traverse software’s, known as web robots. Presence of web robots access traffic entries in web server log repositories imposes a great challenge to extract any actionable and usable knowledge about browsing behavior of actual visitors. So web robots sessions need accurate and fast detection from web server log repositories to extract knowledge about genuine visitors and to produce correct results of log analyzers.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863) of China(No.2007AA01Z456)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60703030)
文摘In this paper, we study the problem of employ ensemble learning for computer forensic. We propose a Lazy Local Learning based bagging （L3B） approach, where base learners are trained from a small instance subset surrounding each test instance. More specifically, given a test instance x, L3B first discovers x＇s k nearest neighbours, and then applies progressive sampling to the selected neighbours to train a set of base classifiers, by using a given very weak （VW） learner. At the last stage, x is labeled as the most frequently voted class of all base classifiers. Finally, we apply the proposed L3B to computer forensic.
基金This work is supported by the MIC( Ministry of Information and Communication) , Korea , under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the IITA(Institute of Information Technology Assessment) (IITA-2005-C1090-0502-0031) .
文摘This paper presents a system to alert of dangerous a child situation of a child by applying context information collected from a home network to ontology that is capable of inference. Radio frequency Identification (RFID) and sensors were used for the configuration of a home network, to obtain the raw data to convert into context information. To express the ontology, web ontology language (OWL) was used to provide the inference of context information. Then, simple object access protocol (SOAP) messages were used to notify of the dangerous situations that a child may be involved in via mobile devices. The proposed system consists of Context Manager, Service Manager, and Notification Manager. The child’s safety management system can proactively detect the context data of a child on the basis of context awareness. In the experiment, the Jena 2.0 by ontology reasoner and the OSGi(Open Service Gateway initiative) Gateway developed using open source software Knopflerfish 1.3.3 were used to implement the service frame work.
基金Supproted by Chittagong University Research Cell(Grant No.:Ref No.5301/Res/Dir/CU/2012)
文摘Objective:To investigate and compare the resistance and sensitivity of Salmonella typhi samples to commonly used antibiotics in three major divisions of Bangladesh and to evaluate the gradually developing resistance pattern.Methods:The antibiotic susceptibility of 70 clinical isolates collected from blood,sputum,urine and pus samples were identified by specific antisera and with standard biochemical tests.The patients were divided into 5 age groups.Susceptibility and resistance was also tested by KirbyBauer disc-diffusion method using 12 regularly used antibiotics.Results:Antibiotic susceptibility test demonstrated that 64.28%isolates of Salmonella typhi were multidrug resistant.Present study suggests that the clinical samples were mostly resistant against nalidixic acid with all age groups and in all three divisions with similar resistance pattern.Resistance is more common among adult people(30-40 years)and children(0-10 years).Salmonella typhi was mostly sensitive against gentamycin,chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin.Conclusions:Although the population density of Dhaka region is markedly higher than Rajshahi and Chittagong regions,no significant difference in resistance pattern was found.The rate of multidrug resistance is a matter of concern.Physicians should reconsider before prescribing nalidixic acid and cefixime.Further molecular study is needed to reveal the genomic and proteomic basis of resistance.
文摘Abstract--- Because of rapid development in network technology, Internet usage has become widespread. It allows users with sensing devices to obtain medical data for healthcare, such as physiological signals, voice, and video streams from telemedicine systems, and to send the healthcare data to back-end database systems, creating a ubiquitous healthcare environment. However, this environment requires a widespread and suitable network. IPv6 （Internet protocol version 6） is the next-generation Internet protocol that will be the protocol of future networks; it improves many shortcomings of IPv4. In this paper, we propose an IPv6/IPv4 U-home-care test system and analyze the network＇s parameters though a series of tests by adjusting network parameters to find the optimal design for applications in the IPv6/IPv4 U-home-care service so as to assure good performance and high quality.
文摘Rigorous modeling could improve the correctness and reduce cost in embedded real-time system development for models could be verified. Tools are needed for rigorous modeling of embedded real-time system. UML is an industrial standard modeling language which provides a powerful expressi-veness, intuitive and easy to use interface to model. UML is widely accepted by software developer. However, for lack of precisely defined semantics, especially on the dynamic diagrams, UML model is hard to be verified. PVS is a general formal method which provides a high-order logic specification language and integrated with model checking and theorem proving tools. Combining the widely used UML with PVS, this paper provides a novel modeling and verification approach for embedded real-time system. In this approach, we provide 1) a timed extended UML statechart for modeling dynamic behavior of an embedded real-time system; 2) an approach to capture timed automata based semantics from timed statechart; and 3) an algorithm to generate a finite state model expressed in PVS specification for model checking. The benefits of our approach include flexible and friendly in modeling, extendable in forma-lization and verification content, and better performance. Time constraints are modeled and verified and it’s a highlight of this paper.
文摘Multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（MIMO-OFDM）is the foremost space interface for 4Gand 5Gbroadband wireless communication.MIMO can transmit diverse signals over multiple antennas and OFDM can divide a radio channel into a huge number of closely spaced sub channels to afford more reliable communications at high speed.Research show that MIMO can be used with other well-liked wireless interfaces such as time division multiple access（TDMA）and code division multiple access（CDMA）,the amalgamation of MIMO and OFDM is most realistic at higher data rates.It is conclude that by using different turbo coding rate,we are getting improved bit error rate（BER）.
基金This work is supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 project in 2007 .
文摘As ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) technologies and its middleware are still at its early stages, the system of the USN relies on the middleware and applications. The past sensor networks are assumed to be designed for specific applications, having data communication protocols tightly coupled to applications. To avoid these problems, several kinds of USN middleware have been researched and developed. However, most middleware of USN are still restricted by its own infrastructure so far. This paper proposes appropriate 3 tier Smart Middleware System (3SMS) for USN.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2006AA01Z422)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60573030,90704004)
文摘Authentication is the basis of the security of IEEE 802.11i standard. The authentication process in 802.11i involves two important protocols： a 4-way handshake and a group key handshake. A formal analysis of authentication in 802.11i is given via a belief multisets formalism. The analysis shows that the 4-way handshake and the group key handshake may provide satisfactory mutual authentication, key management, and issue of a new group temporal key from an access point to a user device, under the guarantee of mutual possession of a confidential palrwise master key. The analysis also shows that there exists a denial of service attack in the 4-way handshake and some seeming redundancies are useful in the protocol implementation.
基金the National Laboratory for Modern Communications(No.51436050304JW0317)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60573030)
文摘Temporal key integrity protocol （TKIP） is a sub-protocol of IEEE 802.11i. TKIP remedies some security flaws in wired equivalent privacy （WEP） protocol. TKIP adds four new algorithms to WEP： a message integrity code （MIC） called Michael, an initialization vector （IV） sequencing discipline, a key mixing function and a reeying mechanism. The key mixing function, also called temporal key hash, de-correlates the IVs from weak keys. Some cryptographic properties of the substitution box （S-box） used in the key mixing function are investigated in this paper, such as regularity, avalanche effect, differ uniform and linear structure. Moen et al pointed out that there existed a temporal key recovery attack in TKIP key mixing function. In this paper a method is proposed to defend against the attack, and the resulting effect on performance is discussed.
文摘Modern network systems have much trouble in security vulnerabilities such as buffer overflow, bugs in Microsoft Internet, sensor network routing protocol too simple, security flaws of applications, and operating systems. Moreover, wireless devices such as smart phones, personal digital assistants （PDAs）, and sensors have become economically feasible because of technological advances in wireless communication and manufacturing of small and low-cost sensors. There are typologies of vulnerabilities to be exploited in these devices. In order to improve securities, many mechanisms are adopted, including authentication, cryptography, access control, and intrusion detection systems （IDS）. In general, intrusion detection techniques can be categorized into two groups： misuse detection and anomaly detection. The misuse detection systems use patterns of weB-known attacks or weak spots of the systems to identify intrusions. The weakness of misuse detection systems is unable to detect any future （unknown） intrusion until corresponding attack signatures are intruded into the signature database. Anomaly detection methods try to determine whether the deviation is from the established normal usage patterns or not. The critical success of anomaly detection relies on the model of normal behaviors.
基金Projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61076073)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 09KJB510010)+1 种基金the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, China (Grant No. KFJJ201011)the Research and Innovation Project for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. CXZZ11 0382)
文摘By solving the 2D Poisson＇s equation, analytical models are proposed to calculate the surface potential and electric field distributions of lateral power devices with arbitrary vertical doping profiles. The vertical and the lateral breakdown voltages are formulized to quantify the breakdown characteristic in completely-depleted and partially-depleted cases. A new reduced surface field （RESURF） criterion which can be used in various drift doping profiles is further derived for obtaining the optimal trade-off between the breakdown voltage and the on-resistance. Based on these models and the numerical simulation, the electric field modulation mechanism and the breakdown characteristics of lateral power devices are investigated in detail for the uniform, linear, Gaussian, and some discrete doping profiles along the vertical direction in the drift region. Then, the mentioned vertical doping profiles of these devices with the same geometric parameters are optimized, and the results show that the optimal breakdown voltages and the effective drift doping concentrations of these devices are identical, which are equal to those of the uniform-doped device, respectively. The analytical results of these proposed models are in good agreement with the numerical results and the previous experimental results, confirming the validity of the models presented here.
文摘Wireless mesh networks are very common both for organizations and individuals. Many laptops, computers have wireless cards pre-installed for buyer. However a wireless networking has many security issues. An intrusions detection system aim to detect the different attacks against network and system. An intrusion detection system should be capable for detecting the misuse of the network whether it will be by the authenticated user or by an attacker. They detect attempts and active misuse either by legitimate users of the information systems or by external. The present paper deals with cross layer based intrusion detection system for wireless domain—a critical anlaysis. The present paper deals with role of cross layer based intrusion detection system for wireless domain.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the safe and effective methods to treat liver cir-rhosis. The practitioners of TCM assess hepatic function in term of syndrome. But the course of syndrome differentiation is subjectivity. At pre-sent most of all the researches are focused on the relationship between the syndrome and the Western medicine objective indicators such as child-pugh grade. In fact syndrome is the syn-thesis of signs and symptoms and collecting signs, symptoms is easy than syndrome differ-entiation. We try to explore the relationship be-tween the objective Western medicine standard such as child-pugh grade, decompensation or compensation stage, active or inactive period and the signs and symptoms of TCM by using the data mining method. We use the information gain method to assess the attributes and use five typical classifiers such as logistic, Bayes-Net, NaiveBayes, RBF and C4.5 to obtain the classification accuracy. After attribute selection, we obtain the main symptoms and signs of TCM relating to the stage, period and child-pugh grade about liver cirrhosis. The experiment re-sults show the classification accuracy is im-proved after filtering some symptoms and signs.
