Background Preschooling is a critical time for intervention in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD);thus,we analyzed brain tissue component volumes(BTCVs)and clinical indicators in preschool children with ASD t...Background Preschooling is a critical time for intervention in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD);thus,we analyzed brain tissue component volumes(BTCVs)and clinical indicators in preschool children with ASD to identify new biomarkers for early screening.Methods Eighty preschool children(3–6 years)with ASD were retrospectively included.The whole-brain myelin content(MyC),white matter(WM),gray matter(GM),cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),and non-WM/GM/MyC/CSF brain component volumes were obtained using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging(SyMRI).Clinical data,such as intelligence scores,autism diagnostic observation schedule-calibrated severity scores,age at first production of single words(AFSW),age at first production of phrases(AFP),and age at walking onset(AWO),were also collected.The correlation between the BTCV and clinical data was evaluated,and the effect of BTCVs on clinical data was assessed by a regression model.Results WM and GM volumes were positively correlated with intelligence scores(both P<0.001),but WM and GM did not affect intelligence scores(P=0.116,P=0.290).AWO was positively correlated with AFSW and AFP(both P<0.001).The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that MyC,AFSW,AFP,and AWO were significantly different(P=0.005,P<0.001,P<0.001).Conclusions This study revealed positive correlations between WM and GM volumes and intelligence scores.Whole-brain MyC affected AFSW,AFP,and AWO in preschool children with ASD.Noninvasive quantification of BTCVs via SyMRI revealed a new visualizable and quantifiable biomarker(abnormal MyC)for early ASD screening in preschool children.展开更多
Importance The prevalence and characteristics of short stature(SS)among children in China should be assessed to provide guidance for planning and implementation of nationwide public health policies.Thus far,there have...Importance The prevalence and characteristics of short stature(SS)among children in China should be assessed to provide guidance for planning and implementation of nationwide public health policies.Thus far,there have been no accurate estimates of the prevalence of SS in China.Objective To analyze the prevalence of SS among children in China and to explore the influences of sex,area,age,study year,and study site on prevalence rates.Methods Relevant literature was identified by searching the following databases:PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Library,Chinese Biomedical Literature,China Knowledge Resource Integrated,WeiPu,and WanFang databases.Meta-analysis was carried out using STATA 11.2.Results This meta-analysis included 39 studies with 348326 Chinese participants;the studies covered 20 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions.The pooled prevalence of SS was 3.2%(95%confidence interval[CI],2.6%–3.7%;I2=99.8%).The prevalence of SS in boys and girls were 3.1%(95%CI,2.5%–3.7%)and 3.2%(95%CI,2.6%–3.9%),respectively.The sex difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The prevalence of SS was higher in rural areas than in urban areas(4.7%[95%CI,3.6%–5.8%]vs.2.8%[95%CI,2.2%–3.4%];P<0.001).The prevalence of SS was higher in West China(5.2%;95%CI,4.4%–6.0%)than in Northeast China(0.6%;95%CI,0.3%–0.8%),East China(2.3%;95%CI,1.9%–2.8%),or Central China(2.9%;95%CI,1.9%–3.9%).Interpretation The prevalence of SS among children was higher in western and rural areas of China.Close attention to children’s growth and development is needed to prevent the occurrence of SS.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81801757)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022A1515010369 and 2023A1515010256)Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.202201020421).
文摘Background Preschooling is a critical time for intervention in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD);thus,we analyzed brain tissue component volumes(BTCVs)and clinical indicators in preschool children with ASD to identify new biomarkers for early screening.Methods Eighty preschool children(3–6 years)with ASD were retrospectively included.The whole-brain myelin content(MyC),white matter(WM),gray matter(GM),cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),and non-WM/GM/MyC/CSF brain component volumes were obtained using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging(SyMRI).Clinical data,such as intelligence scores,autism diagnostic observation schedule-calibrated severity scores,age at first production of single words(AFSW),age at first production of phrases(AFP),and age at walking onset(AWO),were also collected.The correlation between the BTCV and clinical data was evaluated,and the effect of BTCVs on clinical data was assessed by a regression model.Results WM and GM volumes were positively correlated with intelligence scores(both P<0.001),but WM and GM did not affect intelligence scores(P=0.116,P=0.290).AWO was positively correlated with AFSW and AFP(both P<0.001).The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that MyC,AFSW,AFP,and AWO were significantly different(P=0.005,P<0.001,P<0.001).Conclusions This study revealed positive correlations between WM and GM volumes and intelligence scores.Whole-brain MyC affected AFSW,AFP,and AWO in preschool children with ASD.Noninvasive quantification of BTCVs via SyMRI revealed a new visualizable and quantifiable biomarker(abnormal MyC)for early ASD screening in preschool children.
文摘Importance The prevalence and characteristics of short stature(SS)among children in China should be assessed to provide guidance for planning and implementation of nationwide public health policies.Thus far,there have been no accurate estimates of the prevalence of SS in China.Objective To analyze the prevalence of SS among children in China and to explore the influences of sex,area,age,study year,and study site on prevalence rates.Methods Relevant literature was identified by searching the following databases:PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Library,Chinese Biomedical Literature,China Knowledge Resource Integrated,WeiPu,and WanFang databases.Meta-analysis was carried out using STATA 11.2.Results This meta-analysis included 39 studies with 348326 Chinese participants;the studies covered 20 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions.The pooled prevalence of SS was 3.2%(95%confidence interval[CI],2.6%–3.7%;I2=99.8%).The prevalence of SS in boys and girls were 3.1%(95%CI,2.5%–3.7%)and 3.2%(95%CI,2.6%–3.9%),respectively.The sex difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The prevalence of SS was higher in rural areas than in urban areas(4.7%[95%CI,3.6%–5.8%]vs.2.8%[95%CI,2.2%–3.4%];P<0.001).The prevalence of SS was higher in West China(5.2%;95%CI,4.4%–6.0%)than in Northeast China(0.6%;95%CI,0.3%–0.8%),East China(2.3%;95%CI,1.9%–2.8%),or Central China(2.9%;95%CI,1.9%–3.9%).Interpretation The prevalence of SS among children was higher in western and rural areas of China.Close attention to children’s growth and development is needed to prevent the occurrence of SS.
