Calf mortality is one of important problems of calf rearing in dairy farms worldwide. Besides, several noninfectious factors, such as management around birth, colostrum management, calf housing, feeding system, hygien...Calf mortality is one of important problems of calf rearing in dairy farms worldwide. Besides, several noninfectious factors, such as management around birth, colostrum management, calf housing, feeding system, hygiene and pathogens, play an important role in calf rearing. The aim of the study was to show the most common causes of mortality of calves up to 90 d of their lives. Some data are available concering calf rearing management on small and medium size dairy farm typical for Polish regions. The research was conducted in seven selected herds of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows located in South of Poland. Data on calves mortality covered the period of three years from 2004 to 2007 and were collected using medical documentation and medical inquire in the farms. All evidence was enrolled untill three months of age of calves. There were 1,800 calves tested. The influence of such factors as maintaining system （free stalls barn and stalls barns）, feeding systems and herd size on falls of calves was examined. Overall, mortality throughout the three months of study period was diarrhea, which increased the risk of death among calves younger than 90 d of age. Also, respiratory system disorders were the common cause of loss of calves. The calf mortality rate during 90 d in all herds registered in free stall barns was 61% and in stalls barns was only 29%. Effect of pneumonia in free stall barns was 18% and in stall barns was 29%. In all groups, calf mortality rates increased with increasing herd size.展开更多
Deer farming is a thriving industry for venison,velvet antlers,trophy hunting,and other by-products.Feeding and nutrition are important factors for improving production performance,especially dietary protein and amino...Deer farming is a thriving industry for venison,velvet antlers,trophy hunting,and other by-products.Feeding and nutrition are important factors for improving production performance,especially dietary protein and amino acids(AAs),as they are the main components of all tissues.Only a few studies on AA supplementation(Lys,Met,Arg)have been performed on cervids,which show positive effects on weight gain,ADG,feed-:gain ratio,plasma AAs,carcass weight,dressing percentage,yield of high-quality muscles,storage of internal fat during winter,DM and CP digestibility,plasma protein-and fat-related metabolite concentrations,antler burr perimeter,weight,length and mineralisation,velvet antler yield,rumen volatile fatty acids,and microbiome composition.All these effects are relevant for supporting the production of cervids products,from venison to velvet or trophy antlers,as well as their general performance and well-being of captive-bred cervids.The current available information suggests that AA supplementation can be especially interesting for animals fed low protein rations,and growing animals,but should be avoided in high rations and during winter,since it may promote the accumulation of internal fat.Potential effects on milk production and the concentrations of different hormones involved in the regulation of the antler cycle should be further explored.展开更多
文摘Calf mortality is one of important problems of calf rearing in dairy farms worldwide. Besides, several noninfectious factors, such as management around birth, colostrum management, calf housing, feeding system, hygiene and pathogens, play an important role in calf rearing. The aim of the study was to show the most common causes of mortality of calves up to 90 d of their lives. Some data are available concering calf rearing management on small and medium size dairy farm typical for Polish regions. The research was conducted in seven selected herds of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows located in South of Poland. Data on calves mortality covered the period of three years from 2004 to 2007 and were collected using medical documentation and medical inquire in the farms. All evidence was enrolled untill three months of age of calves. There were 1,800 calves tested. The influence of such factors as maintaining system （free stalls barn and stalls barns）, feeding systems and herd size on falls of calves was examined. Overall, mortality throughout the three months of study period was diarrhea, which increased the risk of death among calves younger than 90 d of age. Also, respiratory system disorders were the common cause of loss of calves. The calf mortality rate during 90 d in all herds registered in free stall barns was 61% and in stalls barns was only 29%. Effect of pneumonia in free stall barns was 18% and in stall barns was 29%. In all groups, calf mortality rates increased with increasing herd size.
基金the internal grant agency of the Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences-CZU Prague(IGA-20223107)for the financial support。
文摘Deer farming is a thriving industry for venison,velvet antlers,trophy hunting,and other by-products.Feeding and nutrition are important factors for improving production performance,especially dietary protein and amino acids(AAs),as they are the main components of all tissues.Only a few studies on AA supplementation(Lys,Met,Arg)have been performed on cervids,which show positive effects on weight gain,ADG,feed-:gain ratio,plasma AAs,carcass weight,dressing percentage,yield of high-quality muscles,storage of internal fat during winter,DM and CP digestibility,plasma protein-and fat-related metabolite concentrations,antler burr perimeter,weight,length and mineralisation,velvet antler yield,rumen volatile fatty acids,and microbiome composition.All these effects are relevant for supporting the production of cervids products,from venison to velvet or trophy antlers,as well as their general performance and well-being of captive-bred cervids.The current available information suggests that AA supplementation can be especially interesting for animals fed low protein rations,and growing animals,but should be avoided in high rations and during winter,since it may promote the accumulation of internal fat.Potential effects on milk production and the concentrations of different hormones involved in the regulation of the antler cycle should be further explored.
