Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cel...Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.展开更多
Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are critical for plant drought adaptation,but their environmental drivers under prolonged drought remains unclear.We investigated seasonal NSCs dynamics in the leaf,stem and root of P...Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are critical for plant drought adaptation,but their environmental drivers under prolonged drought remains unclear.We investigated seasonal NSCs dynamics in the leaf,stem and root of Picea crass ifolia(Qinghai spruce)during the growing seasons of2021-2023 under intensifying drought at three altitudes in Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.Our results revealed synchronous seasonal patterns in soluble sugar,starch,and total non-structural carbohydrate within the same year,contrasting with marked altitudinal disparities.As drought progressed(from 2021 to 2023),soluble sugars initially increased(2022)then declined(2023),while starch showed consistent reduction(except leaves).Moreover,the altitude of peak NSCs concentrations shifted from 3200 m in 2021to 2700 m in 2023.In particular,prolonged drought alters the environmental factors affecting NSCs.NSCs demonstrated significant positive correlations with soil temperature during humid 2021,then negatively with air temperature,vapor pressure deficit,and precipitation during 2022's initial drought,whereas under 2023's persistent drought conditions,soil temperature and water content emerged as dominant drivers.Concurrently,the ratio of soluble sugar to starch transitioned from air temperature and precipitation associations(2021-2022)to soil parameter dependence in2023.These findings provide new insights into the seasonal carbon dynamics of Qinghai spruce and the environmental response mechanisms under increasing drought stress,contributing to a better understanding of tree physiological adaptations in drought stress.展开更多
Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to i...Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.展开更多
Euclea undulata(E. undulata) is traditionally used for the treatment of body pains, chest complaints, cough, diabetes, diarrhoea, headaches, heart diseases and toothaches in southern Africa. This study was aimed at re...Euclea undulata(E. undulata) is traditionally used for the treatment of body pains, chest complaints, cough, diabetes, diarrhoea, headaches, heart diseases and toothaches in southern Africa. This study was aimed at reviewing the botany, ethnopharmacology and biological activities of E. undulata in southern Africa. Results presented in this study are based on review of literature using search engines such as Science Direct, Springerlink,Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science, Bio Med Central and Google Scholar. Herbal medicine is prepared from the decoctions of the roots, bark and leaves, and extracts of these plant parts have demonstrated anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antiplasmodial, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities. Multiple classes of phytochemical compounds such alkaloids, diterpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, glycosides, naphthoquinones, phenolics, phytosterols, reducing sugars, saponins and tannins have been isolated from the species. E. undulata has a lot of potential as herbal medicine in tropical Africa, and advanced research is required aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.展开更多
Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy,District Swat,invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various purposes.Based on their traditional local uses,fifty-seven species (45.2...Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy,District Swat,invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various purposes.Based on their traditional local uses,fifty-seven species (45.2%) were classified as medicinal,forty-seven as fire wood (37.3%),forty-five as forage (35.7%),twenty-eight as honey bee species (22.2%),twenty-seven as vegetable species (21.4%),25 as edible fruits (14 wild and 11cultivated),thirteen as timber wood (10.3%),twelve as ornamental (9.5%),eleven as furniture wood,ten as shelter and thatch makers (7.9%),ten as fencing (7.9%),five as poisonous (4%),four as religious/superstitious species,three species used in making hand sticks and wooden tools (2.4%),three as utensil cleaner species (2.4%),three as evil repellent and one as fish poisoning species.The area is in plant resources and traditional knowledge but it needs ecological management for its sustainability.展开更多
Diospyros lycioides Desf.(D. lycioides) is traditionally used as herbal medicine against various human and animal ailments in tropical Africa. The present paper reviewed information on botany, medicinal uses, phytoche...Diospyros lycioides Desf.(D. lycioides) is traditionally used as herbal medicine against various human and animal ailments in tropical Africa. The present paper reviewed information on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of D. lycioides. This review was compiled using scientific literature from electronic search engine such as PubMed,Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, BioMed Central, Scielo, Medline and Science domain.Additional literatures were obtained from book chapters, books, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. D. lycioides is used as traditional medicine in 50% of the countries where the species is native in tropical Africa. This study recorded 22 medicinal uses of D.lycioides which included abdominal pains, infertility in women, sexually transmitted infections,and used as chewing sticks(or mouthwash), toothbrushes and ethnoveterinary medicine. D.lycioides extracts demonstrated anti-adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, antioxidant,antifungal, antiproliferative, mutagenicity and antibacterial activities. Future research should focus on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, clinical trials and pharmacokinetics of D. lycioides which will enhance the therapeutic potential of the species.展开更多
A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during ...A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.展开更多
Elaeagnaceae Juss. belongs to the family Elaeagnus L. and Shepherdia Nutt. This study aims at the significance and vegetative reproduction of species of the family (Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. and Shepherdia canadens...Elaeagnaceae Juss. belongs to the family Elaeagnus L. and Shepherdia Nutt. This study aims at the significance and vegetative reproduction of species of the family (Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.) in the national economy. The trials were carried out in the experimental site of SamSU’s Botanic Garden, which is named after Sharof Rashidov. The study’s findings are based on the results obtained by planting cuttings of S. canadensis and E. macrophylla species of varying sizes and durations, as well as the cuttings’ roots and the impacts of growth chemicals.展开更多
Lianas are distributed as ornamental, perennial plants that are widely used in landscaping and popular all over the world. However, in recent times, ornamental lianas have also been used for vertical landscaping in re...Lianas are distributed as ornamental, perennial plants that are widely used in landscaping and popular all over the world. However, in recent times, ornamental lianas have also been used for vertical landscaping in residential buildings. Today, many lianas occupy a leading position among plants, due to their landscape features, such as the colorfulness of flowers, the variety of leaf shapes, and their aroma. The practice of growing flowers in Uzbekistan dates back to ancient times. Floriculture came to our republic through the Great Silk Road from China, Egypt, and India. Because of this, ornamental plants have been widely used for landscaping in cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Shahrisabz, Kokand, and Margilan. Nowadays, perennial lianas are planted on the grounds of the Botanical Garden at Samarkand State University, and collections of these plants have been created. The garden area contains various species of lianas, including Lonicera japonica Thunb, Clematis florida Thunb, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern) Fritsch, Hedera spiral L, Hedera canariensis Willd, Campsis radicans L, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A.Chev.), Humulus lupulus L, Aristolochia clematitis L, and several varieties of Rosa canina L. such as Golden Celebration, Paprika, Aspirin, Burgund, and Rosarium Uetersen.展开更多
A tree's basal area(BA)and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specifc patterns.Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to...A tree's basal area(BA)and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specifc patterns.Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to climate change,rising CO_(2) levels,and/or changes in forest management.We analyzed 9,214 cores from nine conifer and 11 broadleaf species grown in managed mixed-species stands in the upper Midwest to quantify how well diameter(diameter at breast height(DBH))serves to predict BA growth and above-ground wood and carbon(C).These samples include many large trees.We ft mixed models to predict BA growth and above-ground biomass/C from diameter,tree height,and the BA of nearby trees while controlling for site effects.Models account for 55%–83%of the variance in log(recent growth),improving predictions over earlier models.Growth-diameter scaling exponents covary with certain leaf and stem(but not wood)functional traits,reflecting growth strategies.LogBA increment scales linearly with log(diameter)as trees grow bigger in 16/20 species and growth actually accelerates in Quercus rubra L.Three other species plateau in growth.Growth only decelerates in red pine,Pinus resinosa Ait.Growth in whole-tree,above-ground biomass,and C accelerate even more strongly with diameter(mean exponent:2.08 vs.1.30 for BA growth).Sustained BA growth and accelerating wood/C growth contradict the common assumption that tree growth declines in bigger trees.Yield tables and silvicultural guidelines should be updated to reflect these current relationships.Such revisions will favor delaying harvests in many managed stands to increase wood production and enhance ecosystem values including C fxation and storage.Further research may resolve the relative roles of thinning,climatic conditions,nitrogen inputs,and rising CO2 levels on changing patterns of tree growth.展开更多
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes.They exhibit remarkable metabolic adaptability,enabling them to withstand oxidative stress,high salinity,temperature extremes,and UV radiation(UVR).Their adaptive strategie...Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes.They exhibit remarkable metabolic adaptability,enabling them to withstand oxidative stress,high salinity,temperature extremes,and UV radiation(UVR).Their adaptive strategies involve complex regulatory networks that affect gene expression,enzyme activity,and metabolite fluxes to maintain cellular homeostasis.Key stress response systems include the production of antioxidants such as peroxidases(POD),catalase(CAT),and superoxide dismutase(SOD),which detoxify reactive oxygen species(ROS).To withstand environmental stresses,cyanobacteria maintain osmotic balance by accumulating compatible solutes,such as glycine betaine,sucrose,and trehalose.They also adapt to temperature and light fluctuations by modifying membrane properties and regulating photosynthetic activity.Furthermore,secondary metabolites such as mycosporine-like amino acids(MAAs)and scytonemin act as natural UV protectors.This study highlights current advances in understanding these stress tolerance mechanisms,including exopolysaccharide(EPS)formation,compatible solute accumulation,and ROS detoxification.Recent advancements in proteomics and synthetic biology have shed light on novel defense mechanisms,identifying stress-induced proteins and regulatory networks that enhance resilience.This review thoroughly explores the underlyingmolecular and biochemicalmechanisms of cyanobacterial stress tolerance,whichmake thempromising candidates for various biotechnological applications.Future research on cyanobacterial stress adaptation should bring together synthetic biology,omics tools,and environmental biotechnology.Using these approaches together could help create stress-tolerant cyanobacteria with improved use in farming,pollution control,and biofuel production,supporting solutions to global environmental and energy challenges.展开更多
【Objective】Jatropha curcas is a potential source of biodiesel plant grown on waste and unattended lands,and parts of the areas are often suffered from flooding.The present study was conducted to develop a model to c...【Objective】Jatropha curcas is a potential source of biodiesel plant grown on waste and unattended lands,and parts of the areas are often suffered from flooding.The present study was conducted to develop a model to calculate the net CO_(2)assimilation rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance with respect to leaf position,which affect the J.curcas productivity under soil flooding.【Method】The process of developing mathematical models for physiological responses associated with parameterization,optimization and validation.The concept was applied for the calculation of net CO 2 assimilation rate from transpiration rate and stomatal conductance,transpiration rate from net CO_(2)assimilation rate and stomatal conductance,and stomatal conductance from net CO_(2)assimilation rate and transpiration rate in different leaf positions of J.curcas.The models were tested under soil flooding and normal conditions to suffice its wider applicability.A model was proposed to calculate net CO 2 assimilation rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance responses from a known set of response function data by calculating a transformation characteristic constant between any two possible paired response functions.【Result】The mean deviations and root mean square errors(RMSE)of calculated physiological responses were low,which validated the proposed hypothesis and statistical models.The approach was applied for modeling physiological responses successfully in J.curcas.RMSE ranged from1.69%to 11.17%when transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were transformed to net CO_(2)assimilation rate,and from 1.70%to 11.61%in case net CO_(2)assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were transformed to transpiration rate,and from 3.87%to 13.21%if net CO_(2)assimilation rate and transpiration rate were transformed to stomatal conductance,respectively.【Conclusion】The model can be useful for calculating cumulative responses under different conditions from a basic known set of data.The key to successful physiological models is finding the better options that are realistic,easy to understand,interpretative and practical between adherence to reality,comprehensibility,interpretative value,and practical usefulness on sustainable agriculture in years to come.展开更多
Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has ...Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has been framed to document the patterns of species richness and diversity in the state of Himachal Pradesh,western Himalaya.A total of six treeline sites(three disturbed and three undisturbed)were identified for vegetation sampling.Trees,shrubs,and herbs were sampled at each site using nested plots of 10 m^(2),5 m^(2),and 1 m^(2),respectively.The study exhibits the rich diversity of treeline communities,the patterns of which varied between treeline sites.Altogether,221 species of vascular plants belonging to 47 families and 140 genera were recorded from the area.Amongst families,Asteraceae was the dominant family followed by Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae.The study also revealed the presence of threatened species like Aconitum heterophyllum,Angelica glauca,Bergenia stracheyi,Dactylorhiza hatagirea,Picrorhiza kurroa,and Trillium govanianum etc.at treeline.Moreover,species composition revealed high densities of Betula utilis followed by the under canopy of Rhododendron campanulatum and R.anthopogon at treeline sites.Overall,species richness of herbs,shrubs,and trees were higher at undisturbed site as compared to disturbed one.The diversity indices of herbs and shrubs varied significantly between treeline sites while that of trees was non-significant.At the same time,soil properties showed distinct patterns wherein pH and available nitrogen significantly varied between treeline sites.Present study provides detailed insights into the floristic and ecological aspects of treeline communities from the unexplored ecoregion of western Himalaya.The treelines in the area are anthropogenically depressed and continued land-use activities might result in habitat fragmentation and displacement of plant communities in the near future.展开更多
The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model th...The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model that simultaneously analyzes data from multiple environments to detect Q × E interactions. This model incorporates two different kinship matrices derived from the genome-wide markers to control both main and interaction polygenic background effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that our approach is more powerful than the meta-analysis and inclusive composite interval mapping methods. We further analyze four agronomic traits of rice across four environments. A main effect QTL is identified for 1000-grain weight(KGW), while no QTL are found for tiller number. Additionally, a large QTL with a significant Q × E interaction is detected on chromosome 7 affecting grain number, yield, and KGW. This region harbors two important genes, PROG1 and Ghd7. Furthermore, we apply our mixed model to analyze lodging in barley across six environments. The six regions exhibiting Q × E interaction effects identified by our approach overlap with the SNPs previously identified using EM and MCMC-based Bayesian methods, further validating the robustness of our approach. Both simulation studies and empirical data analyses show that our method outperforms all other methods compared.展开更多
Habitat fragmentation in forest ecosystems poses a major threat to biodiversity,disrupting ecological corridors,limiting gene flow,and threatening persistence,especially for forest-dependent species.Among these specie...Habitat fragmentation in forest ecosystems poses a major threat to biodiversity,disrupting ecological corridors,limiting gene flow,and threatening persistence,especially for forest-dependent species.Among these species,woodland specialist bryophytes represent one of the most endangered groups,with Dicranum viride,an epiphytic moss of high conservation value protected under international regulations,exemplifying this conservation concern.Despite its legal status,the factors that influence its genetic connectivity and dispersal potential remain poorly understood.In this study,we integrated molecular analyses based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers with spatial modelling,including least-cost path(LCP)analyses and circuit-based connectivity models,to assess the impact of forest continuity and management on the genetic structure and ecological corridors of D.viride across temperate forest ecosystems of Central Europe.Our results revealed a complex dispersal dynamic that combines short-distance clonal propagation with rare long-distance dispersal events.Genetic clustering analyses indicated that long-term forest continuity supports unique genetic lineages.LCP analyses and circuit-based connectivity models demonstrated that naturally regenerating forests(reflecting management regime)and forests with long-term continuity(reflecting habitat age and historical stability)provide dispersal corridors with the highest habitat permeability.Our findings highlight the critical role of long-term habitat stability in maintaining the genetic diversity and population dynamics of D.viride.Conservation strategies should prioritise the protection of mature forests,the maintenance of ecological corridors,and the integration of retention forestry practices to support epiphytic bryophytes.Our study improves the understanding of how landscape connectivity influences the persistence of rare epiphytic bryophytes,offering practical insights for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable forest management.展开更多
Background:The Swegali Valley in the Swat District is notable for its diverse range of plant species.Livestock plays a vital role in the development of human civilization,and similar to human disease treatments plants...Background:The Swegali Valley in the Swat District is notable for its diverse range of plant species.Livestock plays a vital role in the development of human civilization,and similar to human disease treatments plants are utilized as remedies for a variety of domestic animals.Methods:The present study was carried out to record ethnoveterinary knowledge of the local plants that are being used by the people of Swegalai Valley,Swat,Pakistan.One hundred and thirty-five residents were interviewed using a questionnaire.The data were analyzed by applying quantitative formulas,like,used value(UV),relative frequency of citations(RFCs),fidelity level value(FL)%,consensus index(CI)%,and informant consensus factor(FIC).Results:Throughout the current study,47 plants belonging to 31 families are presented;these plants have been widely used as an ethnoveterinary medicine to treat various livestock ailments.Medicinal plants with high used values were Acacia nilotica L.(UV=0.791),and Ajuga bracteosa(0.782).Using RFCs values,the most valued and cited medicinal plant species used by people for livestock disorders are A.nilotica(RFCs=0.628),and A.bracteosa(0.616).Similarly,the highest values were also found for the same plant species using CI percentage;these were for ;A.nilotica L.(CI%=84.331),followed by A.bracteosa(83.221%).The highest fidelity level was for A.nilotica(FL%=100),A.bracteosa(95.341%),Allium cepa(88.344%),A.sativum(85.311%),Aloe vera(84.25%),Artemisia scoparia(83.101%),Berberis lycium(80.451%).The informant consensus factor(FIC)ranged from 0.782 to 1.The maximum FIC values for various diseases were;bovine mastitis,anti-helminthic,eye diseases,bloat and stomachic,fracture pain,pediculosis,rheumatism,and vermifuge.Conclusion:We concluded that the people of Swegalai deeply rely on medicinal plants to treat various livestock ailments.Ethnic information also provides a framework for further phytochemical investigations.Since this useful knowledge is being lost forever due to rapid socio-economic,technological,and environmental change,recording ethnoveterinary activities in the study area was therefore very important.Thus,the people of the study area must implement in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies to ensure the sustainable utilization of these species.展开更多
基金supported by the Lendület/Momentum Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciencesthe National Research, Development, and Innovation Office, Hungary (Grant Nos. LP2024/21 and K146791)+2 种基金Bayers fellowship program MEDHA and Department of Botany, University of Calicutthe financial assistance provided in the form of Junior Research Fellowship from the University Grants Commission (UGC), Indiathe financial assistance provided by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR), India
文摘Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277481,42007410,32271667,42207537)。
文摘Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are critical for plant drought adaptation,but their environmental drivers under prolonged drought remains unclear.We investigated seasonal NSCs dynamics in the leaf,stem and root of Picea crass ifolia(Qinghai spruce)during the growing seasons of2021-2023 under intensifying drought at three altitudes in Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.Our results revealed synchronous seasonal patterns in soluble sugar,starch,and total non-structural carbohydrate within the same year,contrasting with marked altitudinal disparities.As drought progressed(from 2021 to 2023),soluble sugars initially increased(2022)then declined(2023),while starch showed consistent reduction(except leaves).Moreover,the altitude of peak NSCs concentrations shifted from 3200 m in 2021to 2700 m in 2023.In particular,prolonged drought alters the environmental factors affecting NSCs.NSCs demonstrated significant positive correlations with soil temperature during humid 2021,then negatively with air temperature,vapor pressure deficit,and precipitation during 2022's initial drought,whereas under 2023's persistent drought conditions,soil temperature and water content emerged as dominant drivers.Concurrently,the ratio of soluble sugar to starch transitioned from air temperature and precipitation associations(2021-2022)to soil parameter dependence in2023.These findings provide new insights into the seasonal carbon dynamics of Qinghai spruce and the environmental response mechanisms under increasing drought stress,contributing to a better understanding of tree physiological adaptations in drought stress.
文摘Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)Govan Mbeki Research and Development Centre(GMRDC),University of Fort Hare
文摘Euclea undulata(E. undulata) is traditionally used for the treatment of body pains, chest complaints, cough, diabetes, diarrhoea, headaches, heart diseases and toothaches in southern Africa. This study was aimed at reviewing the botany, ethnopharmacology and biological activities of E. undulata in southern Africa. Results presented in this study are based on review of literature using search engines such as Science Direct, Springerlink,Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science, Bio Med Central and Google Scholar. Herbal medicine is prepared from the decoctions of the roots, bark and leaves, and extracts of these plant parts have demonstrated anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antiplasmodial, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities. Multiple classes of phytochemical compounds such alkaloids, diterpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, glycosides, naphthoquinones, phenolics, phytosterols, reducing sugars, saponins and tannins have been isolated from the species. E. undulata has a lot of potential as herbal medicine in tropical Africa, and advanced research is required aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.
文摘Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy,District Swat,invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various purposes.Based on their traditional local uses,fifty-seven species (45.2%) were classified as medicinal,forty-seven as fire wood (37.3%),forty-five as forage (35.7%),twenty-eight as honey bee species (22.2%),twenty-seven as vegetable species (21.4%),25 as edible fruits (14 wild and 11cultivated),thirteen as timber wood (10.3%),twelve as ornamental (9.5%),eleven as furniture wood,ten as shelter and thatch makers (7.9%),ten as fencing (7.9%),five as poisonous (4%),four as religious/superstitious species,three species used in making hand sticks and wooden tools (2.4%),three as utensil cleaner species (2.4%),three as evil repellent and one as fish poisoning species.The area is in plant resources and traditional knowledge but it needs ecological management for its sustainability.
基金supported by Govan Mbeki Research and Development Centre(CMRDC grant number C169)University of Fort Hare and the National Research Foundation(NRF grant number T398)
文摘Diospyros lycioides Desf.(D. lycioides) is traditionally used as herbal medicine against various human and animal ailments in tropical Africa. The present paper reviewed information on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of D. lycioides. This review was compiled using scientific literature from electronic search engine such as PubMed,Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, BioMed Central, Scielo, Medline and Science domain.Additional literatures were obtained from book chapters, books, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. D. lycioides is used as traditional medicine in 50% of the countries where the species is native in tropical Africa. This study recorded 22 medicinal uses of D.lycioides which included abdominal pains, infertility in women, sexually transmitted infections,and used as chewing sticks(or mouthwash), toothbrushes and ethnoveterinary medicine. D.lycioides extracts demonstrated anti-adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, antioxidant,antifungal, antiproliferative, mutagenicity and antibacterial activities. Future research should focus on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, clinical trials and pharmacokinetics of D. lycioides which will enhance the therapeutic potential of the species.
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for funding the publication of this work(Project number:KFU250560).
文摘A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.
文摘Elaeagnaceae Juss. belongs to the family Elaeagnus L. and Shepherdia Nutt. This study aims at the significance and vegetative reproduction of species of the family (Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.) in the national economy. The trials were carried out in the experimental site of SamSU’s Botanic Garden, which is named after Sharof Rashidov. The study’s findings are based on the results obtained by planting cuttings of S. canadensis and E. macrophylla species of varying sizes and durations, as well as the cuttings’ roots and the impacts of growth chemicals.
文摘Lianas are distributed as ornamental, perennial plants that are widely used in landscaping and popular all over the world. However, in recent times, ornamental lianas have also been used for vertical landscaping in residential buildings. Today, many lianas occupy a leading position among plants, due to their landscape features, such as the colorfulness of flowers, the variety of leaf shapes, and their aroma. The practice of growing flowers in Uzbekistan dates back to ancient times. Floriculture came to our republic through the Great Silk Road from China, Egypt, and India. Because of this, ornamental plants have been widely used for landscaping in cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Shahrisabz, Kokand, and Margilan. Nowadays, perennial lianas are planted on the grounds of the Botanical Garden at Samarkand State University, and collections of these plants have been created. The garden area contains various species of lianas, including Lonicera japonica Thunb, Clematis florida Thunb, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern) Fritsch, Hedera spiral L, Hedera canariensis Willd, Campsis radicans L, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A.Chev.), Humulus lupulus L, Aristolochia clematitis L, and several varieties of Rosa canina L. such as Golden Celebration, Paprika, Aspirin, Burgund, and Rosarium Uetersen.
文摘A tree's basal area(BA)and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specifc patterns.Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to climate change,rising CO_(2) levels,and/or changes in forest management.We analyzed 9,214 cores from nine conifer and 11 broadleaf species grown in managed mixed-species stands in the upper Midwest to quantify how well diameter(diameter at breast height(DBH))serves to predict BA growth and above-ground wood and carbon(C).These samples include many large trees.We ft mixed models to predict BA growth and above-ground biomass/C from diameter,tree height,and the BA of nearby trees while controlling for site effects.Models account for 55%–83%of the variance in log(recent growth),improving predictions over earlier models.Growth-diameter scaling exponents covary with certain leaf and stem(but not wood)functional traits,reflecting growth strategies.LogBA increment scales linearly with log(diameter)as trees grow bigger in 16/20 species and growth actually accelerates in Quercus rubra L.Three other species plateau in growth.Growth only decelerates in red pine,Pinus resinosa Ait.Growth in whole-tree,above-ground biomass,and C accelerate even more strongly with diameter(mean exponent:2.08 vs.1.30 for BA growth).Sustained BA growth and accelerating wood/C growth contradict the common assumption that tree growth declines in bigger trees.Yield tables and silvicultural guidelines should be updated to reflect these current relationships.Such revisions will favor delaying harvests in many managed stands to increase wood production and enhance ecosystem values including C fxation and storage.Further research may resolve the relative roles of thinning,climatic conditions,nitrogen inputs,and rising CO2 levels on changing patterns of tree growth.
基金supported by the University Grants Commission(UGC),New Delhi,India[Ref.Nos.231620041285,191620014505]the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR),New Delhi,India[Ref.Nos.09/0013(12862)/2021-EMR-1,09/0013(16603)/2023-EMR-I,09/0013(21806)/2025-EMR-I]Banaras Hindu University(BHU),India[No.R/Dev./Sch./UGC Non-NET Fello./2022-23/52561].
文摘Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes.They exhibit remarkable metabolic adaptability,enabling them to withstand oxidative stress,high salinity,temperature extremes,and UV radiation(UVR).Their adaptive strategies involve complex regulatory networks that affect gene expression,enzyme activity,and metabolite fluxes to maintain cellular homeostasis.Key stress response systems include the production of antioxidants such as peroxidases(POD),catalase(CAT),and superoxide dismutase(SOD),which detoxify reactive oxygen species(ROS).To withstand environmental stresses,cyanobacteria maintain osmotic balance by accumulating compatible solutes,such as glycine betaine,sucrose,and trehalose.They also adapt to temperature and light fluctuations by modifying membrane properties and regulating photosynthetic activity.Furthermore,secondary metabolites such as mycosporine-like amino acids(MAAs)and scytonemin act as natural UV protectors.This study highlights current advances in understanding these stress tolerance mechanisms,including exopolysaccharide(EPS)formation,compatible solute accumulation,and ROS detoxification.Recent advancements in proteomics and synthetic biology have shed light on novel defense mechanisms,identifying stress-induced proteins and regulatory networks that enhance resilience.This review thoroughly explores the underlyingmolecular and biochemicalmechanisms of cyanobacterial stress tolerance,whichmake thempromising candidates for various biotechnological applications.Future research on cyanobacterial stress adaptation should bring together synthetic biology,omics tools,and environmental biotechnology.Using these approaches together could help create stress-tolerant cyanobacteria with improved use in farming,pollution control,and biofuel production,supporting solutions to global environmental and energy challenges.
文摘【Objective】Jatropha curcas is a potential source of biodiesel plant grown on waste and unattended lands,and parts of the areas are often suffered from flooding.The present study was conducted to develop a model to calculate the net CO_(2)assimilation rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance with respect to leaf position,which affect the J.curcas productivity under soil flooding.【Method】The process of developing mathematical models for physiological responses associated with parameterization,optimization and validation.The concept was applied for the calculation of net CO 2 assimilation rate from transpiration rate and stomatal conductance,transpiration rate from net CO_(2)assimilation rate and stomatal conductance,and stomatal conductance from net CO_(2)assimilation rate and transpiration rate in different leaf positions of J.curcas.The models were tested under soil flooding and normal conditions to suffice its wider applicability.A model was proposed to calculate net CO 2 assimilation rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance responses from a known set of response function data by calculating a transformation characteristic constant between any two possible paired response functions.【Result】The mean deviations and root mean square errors(RMSE)of calculated physiological responses were low,which validated the proposed hypothesis and statistical models.The approach was applied for modeling physiological responses successfully in J.curcas.RMSE ranged from1.69%to 11.17%when transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were transformed to net CO_(2)assimilation rate,and from 1.70%to 11.61%in case net CO_(2)assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were transformed to transpiration rate,and from 3.87%to 13.21%if net CO_(2)assimilation rate and transpiration rate were transformed to stomatal conductance,respectively.【Conclusion】The model can be useful for calculating cumulative responses under different conditions from a basic known set of data.The key to successful physiological models is finding the better options that are realistic,easy to understand,interpretative and practical between adherence to reality,comprehensibility,interpretative value,and practical usefulness on sustainable agriculture in years to come.
基金the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change and GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment for providing financial assistance through the National Mission on Himalayan Studies (GAP-0199)
文摘Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has been framed to document the patterns of species richness and diversity in the state of Himachal Pradesh,western Himalaya.A total of six treeline sites(three disturbed and three undisturbed)were identified for vegetation sampling.Trees,shrubs,and herbs were sampled at each site using nested plots of 10 m^(2),5 m^(2),and 1 m^(2),respectively.The study exhibits the rich diversity of treeline communities,the patterns of which varied between treeline sites.Altogether,221 species of vascular plants belonging to 47 families and 140 genera were recorded from the area.Amongst families,Asteraceae was the dominant family followed by Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae.The study also revealed the presence of threatened species like Aconitum heterophyllum,Angelica glauca,Bergenia stracheyi,Dactylorhiza hatagirea,Picrorhiza kurroa,and Trillium govanianum etc.at treeline.Moreover,species composition revealed high densities of Betula utilis followed by the under canopy of Rhododendron campanulatum and R.anthopogon at treeline sites.Overall,species richness of herbs,shrubs,and trees were higher at undisturbed site as compared to disturbed one.The diversity indices of herbs and shrubs varied significantly between treeline sites while that of trees was non-significant.At the same time,soil properties showed distinct patterns wherein pH and available nitrogen significantly varied between treeline sites.Present study provides detailed insights into the floristic and ecological aspects of treeline communities from the unexplored ecoregion of western Himalaya.The treelines in the area are anthropogenically depressed and continued land-use activities might result in habitat fragmentation and displacement of plant communities in the near future.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2024YFF1000100 and 2021YFD1301102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172702)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding (XQSWYZQZ-KFYX-4)Zaozhuang Elite Industrial Innovation ProgramAgricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP-IAS-TS-6)supported by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) Collaborative Research Grant (DBI-1458515)
文摘The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model that simultaneously analyzes data from multiple environments to detect Q × E interactions. This model incorporates two different kinship matrices derived from the genome-wide markers to control both main and interaction polygenic background effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that our approach is more powerful than the meta-analysis and inclusive composite interval mapping methods. We further analyze four agronomic traits of rice across four environments. A main effect QTL is identified for 1000-grain weight(KGW), while no QTL are found for tiller number. Additionally, a large QTL with a significant Q × E interaction is detected on chromosome 7 affecting grain number, yield, and KGW. This region harbors two important genes, PROG1 and Ghd7. Furthermore, we apply our mixed model to analyze lodging in barley across six environments. The six regions exhibiting Q × E interaction effects identified by our approach overlap with the SNPs previously identified using EM and MCMC-based Bayesian methods, further validating the robustness of our approach. Both simulation studies and empirical data analyses show that our method outperforms all other methods compared.
基金supported by the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences(Poland)as the Ph.D.research programme“Bon doktoranta SD UPWr”N020/0002/22.
文摘Habitat fragmentation in forest ecosystems poses a major threat to biodiversity,disrupting ecological corridors,limiting gene flow,and threatening persistence,especially for forest-dependent species.Among these species,woodland specialist bryophytes represent one of the most endangered groups,with Dicranum viride,an epiphytic moss of high conservation value protected under international regulations,exemplifying this conservation concern.Despite its legal status,the factors that influence its genetic connectivity and dispersal potential remain poorly understood.In this study,we integrated molecular analyses based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers with spatial modelling,including least-cost path(LCP)analyses and circuit-based connectivity models,to assess the impact of forest continuity and management on the genetic structure and ecological corridors of D.viride across temperate forest ecosystems of Central Europe.Our results revealed a complex dispersal dynamic that combines short-distance clonal propagation with rare long-distance dispersal events.Genetic clustering analyses indicated that long-term forest continuity supports unique genetic lineages.LCP analyses and circuit-based connectivity models demonstrated that naturally regenerating forests(reflecting management regime)and forests with long-term continuity(reflecting habitat age and historical stability)provide dispersal corridors with the highest habitat permeability.Our findings highlight the critical role of long-term habitat stability in maintaining the genetic diversity and population dynamics of D.viride.Conservation strategies should prioritise the protection of mature forests,the maintenance of ecological corridors,and the integration of retention forestry practices to support epiphytic bryophytes.Our study improves the understanding of how landscape connectivity influences the persistence of rare epiphytic bryophytes,offering practical insights for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable forest management.
文摘Background:The Swegali Valley in the Swat District is notable for its diverse range of plant species.Livestock plays a vital role in the development of human civilization,and similar to human disease treatments plants are utilized as remedies for a variety of domestic animals.Methods:The present study was carried out to record ethnoveterinary knowledge of the local plants that are being used by the people of Swegalai Valley,Swat,Pakistan.One hundred and thirty-five residents were interviewed using a questionnaire.The data were analyzed by applying quantitative formulas,like,used value(UV),relative frequency of citations(RFCs),fidelity level value(FL)%,consensus index(CI)%,and informant consensus factor(FIC).Results:Throughout the current study,47 plants belonging to 31 families are presented;these plants have been widely used as an ethnoveterinary medicine to treat various livestock ailments.Medicinal plants with high used values were Acacia nilotica L.(UV=0.791),and Ajuga bracteosa(0.782).Using RFCs values,the most valued and cited medicinal plant species used by people for livestock disorders are A.nilotica(RFCs=0.628),and A.bracteosa(0.616).Similarly,the highest values were also found for the same plant species using CI percentage;these were for ;A.nilotica L.(CI%=84.331),followed by A.bracteosa(83.221%).The highest fidelity level was for A.nilotica(FL%=100),A.bracteosa(95.341%),Allium cepa(88.344%),A.sativum(85.311%),Aloe vera(84.25%),Artemisia scoparia(83.101%),Berberis lycium(80.451%).The informant consensus factor(FIC)ranged from 0.782 to 1.The maximum FIC values for various diseases were;bovine mastitis,anti-helminthic,eye diseases,bloat and stomachic,fracture pain,pediculosis,rheumatism,and vermifuge.Conclusion:We concluded that the people of Swegalai deeply rely on medicinal plants to treat various livestock ailments.Ethnic information also provides a framework for further phytochemical investigations.Since this useful knowledge is being lost forever due to rapid socio-economic,technological,and environmental change,recording ethnoveterinary activities in the study area was therefore very important.Thus,the people of the study area must implement in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies to ensure the sustainable utilization of these species.
