Peripheral nerve injuries are common in clinical practice because of traumas such as crushing and sectioning. Lesions of the nerve structure result in lost or diminished sensitivity and/or motor activity in the innerv...Peripheral nerve injuries are common in clinical practice because of traumas such as crushing and sectioning. Lesions of the nerve structure result in lost or diminished sensitivity and/or motor activity in the innervated territory. The degree of lesion depends on the specific nerve involved, the magnitude and type of pres- sure exerted, and the duration of the compression. The results of such injuries commonly include axonal degeneration and retro- grade degeneration of the corresponding neurons in the spinal medulla, followed by very slow regeneration （Rochkind et al., 2001）. The adverse effects on the daily activities of patients with a peripheral nerve injury are a determining factor in establishing the goals of early recovery （Rodriguez et al., 2004）.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)of cancer is a two-step drug device combination modality,which involves the topical or systemie administration of a photosensitizer followed by light ilumnination of cancer site.In the presenc...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)of cancer is a two-step drug device combination modality,which involves the topical or systemie administration of a photosensitizer followed by light ilumnination of cancer site.In the presence of oxygen molecules,the light illmnination of photosensitizer(PS)can lead to the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species(ROS)and consequently destroy cancer.Similar to many other anticancer therapies,PDT is also subject to intrinsic cancer resistance mediated by mutidrug resistance(MDR)mechanisms.This paper will review the recent progress in understanding the interaction between MDR transporters and PS uptalke.The strategies that can be used in a clinical setting to owercome or bypass MDR will also be discussed.展开更多
Lupin is an emerging sustainable protein source with significant nutritional and agronomic value.However,its metabolomic composition varies due to genetic and environmental factors,influencing traceability and quality...Lupin is an emerging sustainable protein source with significant nutritional and agronomic value.However,its metabolomic composition varies due to genetic and environmental factors,influencing traceability and quality.This study employed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS)fingerprinting to investigate metabolic differences in raw Lupinus albus L.samples from different geographical origins and farming practices.Chemometric analyses,including Principal Component Analysis(PCA),Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis(OPLS-DA),successfully differentiated samples based on their metabolic profiles.The study identified over 20 putative metabolite markers for each experiment,demonstrating significant influences of cultivation region and agricultural methods on lupin composition.These findings provide a reliable analytical approach for improving lupin traceability,quality assessment,and sustainable production,emphasizing the potential of untargeted metabolomics in food authentication and traceability.展开更多
Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside(GTW)is a commonly used compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and immune diseases in clinical practice.However,it can induce liver injury and the mechanism of hepat...Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside(GTW)is a commonly used compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and immune diseases in clinical practice.However,it can induce liver injury and the mechanism of hepatotoxicity is still not clear.This study was designed to investigate GTW-induced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae and explore the mechanism involved.The 72 hpf(hours post fertilization)zebrafish larvae were administered with different concentrations of GTW for three days and their mortality,malformation rate,morphological changes in the liver,transaminase levels,and histopathological changes in the liver of zebrafish larvae were detected.The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to examine the levels of microRNA-122(miR-122)and genes related to inflammation,apoptosis,cell proliferation and liver function.The results showed that GTW increased the mortality of zebrafish larvae,while significant malformations and liver damage occurred.The main manifestations were elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),significant liver atrophy,vacuoles in liver tissue,sparse cytoplasm,and unclear hepatocyte contours.RT-PCR results showed that the expression of miR-122 significantly decreased by GTW;the mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes il1β,il6,tnfα,il10,cox2 and ptges significantly increased;the mRNA level of tgfβsignificantly decreased;the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes,caspase-8 and caspase-9,significantly increased;the mRNA level of bcl2 significantly decreased;the mRNA levels of cell proliferation-related genes,top2αand uhrf1,significantly reduced;the mRNA levels of liver function-related genes,alr and cyp3c1,significantly increased;and the mRNA level of cyp3a65 significantly decreased.In zebrafish,GTW can cause increased inflammation,enhanced apoptosis,decreased cell proliferation,and abnormal expression of liver function-related genes,leading to abnormal liver structure and function and resulting in hepatotoxicity.展开更多
This report presents the case of a 59-year-old man with severe COVID-19 that gradually progressed to cytokine release syndrome and then acute respiratory distress syndrome;he was successfully treated via integration o...This report presents the case of a 59-year-old man with severe COVID-19 that gradually progressed to cytokine release syndrome and then acute respiratory distress syndrome;he was successfully treated via integration of therapeutic plasma exchange and traditional Chinese medicine.The patient initially presented with a sore throat,severe muscle aches,productive cough and fever.On the worsening of symptoms,remdesivir was administered.However,as the symptoms continued to worsen and a cytokine release syndrome was suspected,oxygen was provided through a high-flow nasal cannula(50 L/min)and therapeutic plasma exchange was performed to prevent worsening of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.On the same day,a course of traditional Chinese medicine was introduced in consultation with the infectious house staff.The patient’s symptoms gradually improved;the levels of C-reactive protein and D-dimers reduced,and the patient was weaned to a simple oxygen mask and eventually to room air.This is the first reported case of the integration of these treatments.Together,they prevented the patient from requiring intubation,played a role in cytokine management,and also improved the clinical symptoms,including productive purulent sputum,cough,frequent stool passage and intermittent fever,with no adverse effects.As a result,the patient was discharged within two weeks of the integration of these treatments.Therefore,the integration of therapeutic plasma exchange and traditional Chinese medicine is an effective therapy for patients with severe COVID-19.展开更多
This study analyses various chicken cuts(breast,leg,and thigh)in terms of ten biocompounds:nicotinamide,anserine,carnosine,malondialdehyde,and biogenic amines(putrescine,cadaverine,histamine,tyramine,spermidine,and sp...This study analyses various chicken cuts(breast,leg,and thigh)in terms of ten biocompounds:nicotinamide,anserine,carnosine,malondialdehyde,and biogenic amines(putrescine,cadaverine,histamine,tyramine,spermidine,and spermine).The analysis is conducted on refrigerated chicken meat cuts using three different packaging solutions:modified atmosphere packaging(MAP),vacuum skin packaging(SKIN),and permeable O2 plastic film(STRETCH).Our results show that nicotinamide was the most discriminant compound followed for cuts and time.Remarkably,its concentration decreases over time,unaffected by any of the packaging solutions.The collective contribution of all the examined biocompounds is highlighted through multivariate statistical analysis,utilizing partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and the support vector machine(SVM)algorithm.Both machine learning models demonstrate high classification accuracy:for cut,storage time,and packaging,PLS-DA yields classification accuracy rates of 87%,85%,and 70%,respectively.SVM achieves even higher accuracy rates of 97%,99%,and 94%for cut,storage time,and packaging,respectively.These results underscore the importance of considering the combined influence of all the biocompounds investigated in this study for a finer classification of chicken meat cuts and packaging.Furthermore,our findings highlight the efficacy of SVM as a discriminant multivariate approach in food classification.展开更多
Lemon pomace,the by-product derived from the industrial processing of citrus fruits for juice production,is a matrix rich in flavonoids and limonoids,bioactive compounds with interesting functional properties.The aim ...Lemon pomace,the by-product derived from the industrial processing of citrus fruits for juice production,is a matrix rich in flavonoids and limonoids,bioactive compounds with interesting functional properties.The aim of the present work was to investigate the technological properties of flavonoids and limonoids-rich extracts recovered from lemon pomace by-products in model oil-in-water(o/w)emulsions.Two extracts,obtained with different extraction procedures,were characterized in terms of surface properties,either as pure extract or in combination with pea protein isolate.Then,the most surface-active extract was used to enrich,at increasing concentrations(0.5%,1%and 2%),o/w emulsions(20%w/w)stabilized by pea proteins.Droplet size distributions,microstructure,flow behavior and oxidative stability were investigated.The extracts were able to lower the surface tension of the protein interfacial layer,with a concentration dependent behavior.In emulsions,depending on the amount added,the extract significantly altered the dispersion degree,by increasing oil droplet size and inducing flocculation at the highest extract to pea protein ratios.The emulsions showed a Newtonian behavior,with the exception of the sample with the highest amount of extract(2%)which also presented a yield stress.In accelerated oxidation tests,the extracts were shown to improve the chemical stability of the emulsions;however,the physical stability was impaired in the systems with the highest extract amounts(1%,2%).Limonoids-and flavonoids-rich extracts recovered from lemon pomace can be considered promising as multifunctional ingredients in o/w emulsions,provided that their effect on the colloidal properties is properly addressed.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of different CAP exposures on the activity of horseradish peroxidase(HRP)in phosphate buffer and in model systems with different concentrations of monosaccharides(glucose,fructose)an...This study investigated the effect of different CAP exposures on the activity of horseradish peroxidase(HRP)in phosphate buffer and in model systems with different concentrations of monosaccharides(glucose,fructose)and disaccharides(sucrose,trehalose)to evaluate the potential role of sugars in enzyme inactivation.Spectroscopic analyses(fluorescence,circular dichroism,UV-Vis absorption)were conducted to highlight structural modifications possibly responsible for HRP inactivation.In phosphate buffer,the inactivation of HRP by CAP resulted dependent on both the treatment time(up to 70%after 30 min)and ozone concentration in the chamber.HRP residual activity was fitted with a very good approximation by the Weibull model.Sugars reduced the CAP efficacy,and this effect was concentration-dependent and much higher for disaccharides than monosaccharides.UV and fluorescence spectra showed that sugars differently preserved HRP tertiary structure,hindering heme degradation and quenching of aromatic amino acids.Likewise,sugars differently affected the loss of secondary structures.These findings only partially explained the diverse protective effects of sugars on HRP.Other factors,such as the different sugars’abilities to quench plasma reactive species,reduce the system mobility,and stabilize proteins by preserving their hydration shell,were retained to play a role in the reduction of HRP inactivation.This study deepened the knowledge of the effect of CAP on peroxidase activity and demonstrated that the presence of mono and disaccharides,naturally found in fruits and vegetables and widely employed in food and beverage industries,can mitigate the inactivation and structural alterations induced by CAP on peroxidase enzymes.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 10 Starmerella bacillaris strains inoculated as planktonic or biofilm-detached cells on the chromatic characteristics of Montepulciano d’Abruzzo wine.Wines inocula...The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 10 Starmerella bacillaris strains inoculated as planktonic or biofilm-detached cells on the chromatic characteristics of Montepulciano d’Abruzzo wine.Wines inoculated with biofilm-detached cells of St.bacillaris were characterized by a higher content of glycerol and viable yeast cells and a lower content of ethanol than those obtained with planktonic cells.Pyruvic acid content ranged from 45.99 mg/L to 48.19 mg/L and from 41.13 mg/L to 45.9 mg/L in wines fermented with biofilm-detached and planktonic cells,respectively.Wines obtained with biofilm-detached cells showed levels of anthocyanins ranging from 506.8 mg/L to 659.9 mg/L,while those fermented with free cells of St.bacillaris ranged from 518 mg/L to 612.6 mg/L.Similarly,the content of polyphenols was higher in wines inoculated with biofilm-detached cells.The different amounts of these compounds resulted in differences in the wine's color.Wines obtained with biofilm-detached cells of St.bacillaris had lower b^(*)and h^(*)values than those obtained with planktonic cells.These wines also showed higher a*values,indicating the presence of a stronger red color than the others,and lower clarity(L^(*)).Moreover,the data obtained highlighted that it is possible to predict the color of young wines from must measurements.Further studies will be done to evaluate the role of other non-Saccharomyces yeasts,grown under different aggregation states,in the definition of wine color.展开更多
Previously, we established a model in which physiologically adequate function of the autologous β cells was recovered in non-obese diabetic （NOD） mice after the onset of hyperglycemia by rendering them hemopoietic ...Previously, we established a model in which physiologically adequate function of the autologous β cells was recovered in non-obese diabetic （NOD） mice after the onset of hyperglycemia by rendering them hemopoietic chimera. These mice were termed antea-diabetic. In the current study, we addressed the role of T regulatory （Treg） cells in the mechanisms mediating the restoration of euglycemia in the antea-diabetic NOD model. The data generated in this study demonstrated that the numbers of Treg cells were decreased in unmanipulated NOD mice, with the most profound deficiency detected in the pancreatic lymph nodes （PLNs）. The impaired retention of the Treg cells in the PLNs correlated with the locally compromised profile of the chemokines involved in their trafficking, with the most prominent decrease observed in SDF-1. The amelioration of autoimmunity and restoration of euglycemia observed in the antea-diabetic mice was associated with restoration of the Treg cell population in the PLNs. These data indicate that the function of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and the retention of Treg cells in the PLNs have a potential role in diabetogenesis and in the amelioration of autoimmunity and β cell regeneration in the antea-diabetic model. We have demonstrated in the antea-diabetic mouse model that lifelong recovery of the β cells has a strong correlation with normalization of the Treg cell population in the PLNs. This finding offers new opportunities for testing the immunomodulatory regimens that promote accumulation of Treg cells in the PLNs as a therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes （TID）.展开更多
In this study,the influence of conventional and organic managements on Vitis vinifera cv.Trebbiano Abruzzese on fungal community was investigated.Moreover,spontaneous vinifications were performed,and wines were charac...In this study,the influence of conventional and organic managements on Vitis vinifera cv.Trebbiano Abruzzese on fungal community was investigated.Moreover,spontaneous vinifications were performed,and wines were characterized for some oenological parameters and aroma profiles.A core of 8 genera was detected(Zygosaccharomyces spp.,Cladosporium spp.,Botrytis spp.,Hanseniaspora spp.,Pichia spp.,Alternaria spp.,Candida spp.,Aureobasidium spp.),while some genera were unique for each grape sample.Saccharomyces spp.and Mucor spp.were present only on conventional grapes,while Penicillium spp.and Aspergillus spp.only on organic ones.At the species level Aureobasidium pullulans,Cladosporium cladosporioides and Pichia terricola dominated in both samples with varying abundance depending on the vineyard management.The fermentation performed with conventional grapes resulted in a faster rate than that performed with organic ones.No significative differences were observed for the oenological parameters analyzed with the only exception of ethanol content which was higher in conventional wines than in organic ones:11.57±0.10 g/L and 10.51±0.09 g/L,respectively.Conventional wines were characterized by the presence of aldehydes,while organic ones by terpenes and β-damascenone.The obtained results suggested an effect of vineyard practices on grape fungal community which could in turn influence some characteristics of Trebbiano d’Abruzzo wines.展开更多
The liver,which is a vital organ for metabolism and detoxification,is susceptible to damage caused by oxidative stress.Excessive consumption of acetaminophen(APAP),a commonly used analgesic ingredient,can cause liver ...The liver,which is a vital organ for metabolism and detoxification,is susceptible to damage caused by oxidative stress.Excessive consumption of acetaminophen(APAP),a commonly used analgesic ingredient,can cause liver injury due to oxidative stress.The aim of this study is to examine the protective effects and mechanisms of fermented Syzygium samarangense(wax apple)leaves(FWAL)against damage caused by APAP in mouse AML-12 hepatocytes.Ethanolic and water extracts of FWAL(FWAL-EE and FWAL-WE)were prepared,and both contained significant phenolic compounds such as gallic acid,EGCG,ellagic acid,myricitrin,and myricetin,with potent DPPH scavenging activity.FWAL-EE demonstrated superior effectiveness in lowering the death ratio,LDH leakage,and oxidative stress in APAP-treated AML-12 cells.The protective effects of FWAL-EE included the downregulation of inflammatory markers TNF-αand cox-2 mRNA,as well as the upregulation of Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1 proteins in APAP-treated hepatocytes.Additionally,FWAL-EE reduced the expression of epigenetic enzymes HDACs 1,2,3,and 4,and DNMTs 1 and 3b while causing an increase in unmethylated DNA levels in the Nrf2 promoter region.Furthermore,EGCG,a prominent active compound in FWAL,protected AML-12 hepatocytes from APAP-induced damage by activating Nrf2 and NQO1,while also inhibiting epigenetic DNMTs and HDACs.These results suggested that FWAL-EE may effectively prevent APAP-induced liver damage by enhancing the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant system through epigenetic regulation.FWAL-EE has potential as a nutraceutical for liver protection.展开更多
文摘Peripheral nerve injuries are common in clinical practice because of traumas such as crushing and sectioning. Lesions of the nerve structure result in lost or diminished sensitivity and/or motor activity in the innervated territory. The degree of lesion depends on the specific nerve involved, the magnitude and type of pres- sure exerted, and the duration of the compression. The results of such injuries commonly include axonal degeneration and retro- grade degeneration of the corresponding neurons in the spinal medulla, followed by very slow regeneration （Rochkind et al., 2001）. The adverse effects on the daily activities of patients with a peripheral nerve injury are a determining factor in establishing the goals of early recovery （Rodriguez et al., 2004）.
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)of cancer is a two-step drug device combination modality,which involves the topical or systemie administration of a photosensitizer followed by light ilumnination of cancer site.In the presence of oxygen molecules,the light illmnination of photosensitizer(PS)can lead to the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species(ROS)and consequently destroy cancer.Similar to many other anticancer therapies,PDT is also subject to intrinsic cancer resistance mediated by mutidrug resistance(MDR)mechanisms.This paper will review the recent progress in understanding the interaction between MDR transporters and PS uptalke.The strategies that can be used in a clinical setting to owercome or bypass MDR will also be discussed.
基金funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU,Mission 4,Component 1,under the Italian Ministry of University and Research(MUR)National Innovation Ecosystem grant ECS00000041-VITALITY-CUP:C43C22000380007.
文摘Lupin is an emerging sustainable protein source with significant nutritional and agronomic value.However,its metabolomic composition varies due to genetic and environmental factors,influencing traceability and quality.This study employed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS)fingerprinting to investigate metabolic differences in raw Lupinus albus L.samples from different geographical origins and farming practices.Chemometric analyses,including Principal Component Analysis(PCA),Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis(OPLS-DA),successfully differentiated samples based on their metabolic profiles.The study identified over 20 putative metabolite markers for each experiment,demonstrating significant influences of cultivation region and agricultural methods on lupin composition.These findings provide a reliable analytical approach for improving lupin traceability,quality assessment,and sustainable production,emphasizing the potential of untargeted metabolomics in food authentication and traceability.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1707300)International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shandong Academy of Sciences(No.2019GHZD10)Science,Education and Industry Integration Innovation Pilot Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)(No.2020KJC-ZD08).
文摘Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside(GTW)is a commonly used compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and immune diseases in clinical practice.However,it can induce liver injury and the mechanism of hepatotoxicity is still not clear.This study was designed to investigate GTW-induced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae and explore the mechanism involved.The 72 hpf(hours post fertilization)zebrafish larvae were administered with different concentrations of GTW for three days and their mortality,malformation rate,morphological changes in the liver,transaminase levels,and histopathological changes in the liver of zebrafish larvae were detected.The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to examine the levels of microRNA-122(miR-122)and genes related to inflammation,apoptosis,cell proliferation and liver function.The results showed that GTW increased the mortality of zebrafish larvae,while significant malformations and liver damage occurred.The main manifestations were elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),significant liver atrophy,vacuoles in liver tissue,sparse cytoplasm,and unclear hepatocyte contours.RT-PCR results showed that the expression of miR-122 significantly decreased by GTW;the mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes il1β,il6,tnfα,il10,cox2 and ptges significantly increased;the mRNA level of tgfβsignificantly decreased;the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes,caspase-8 and caspase-9,significantly increased;the mRNA level of bcl2 significantly decreased;the mRNA levels of cell proliferation-related genes,top2αand uhrf1,significantly reduced;the mRNA levels of liver function-related genes,alr and cyp3c1,significantly increased;and the mRNA level of cyp3a65 significantly decreased.In zebrafish,GTW can cause increased inflammation,enhanced apoptosis,decreased cell proliferation,and abnormal expression of liver function-related genes,leading to abnormal liver structure and function and resulting in hepatotoxicity.
文摘This report presents the case of a 59-year-old man with severe COVID-19 that gradually progressed to cytokine release syndrome and then acute respiratory distress syndrome;he was successfully treated via integration of therapeutic plasma exchange and traditional Chinese medicine.The patient initially presented with a sore throat,severe muscle aches,productive cough and fever.On the worsening of symptoms,remdesivir was administered.However,as the symptoms continued to worsen and a cytokine release syndrome was suspected,oxygen was provided through a high-flow nasal cannula(50 L/min)and therapeutic plasma exchange was performed to prevent worsening of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.On the same day,a course of traditional Chinese medicine was introduced in consultation with the infectious house staff.The patient’s symptoms gradually improved;the levels of C-reactive protein and D-dimers reduced,and the patient was weaned to a simple oxygen mask and eventually to room air.This is the first reported case of the integration of these treatments.Together,they prevented the patient from requiring intubation,played a role in cytokine management,and also improved the clinical symptoms,including productive purulent sputum,cough,frequent stool passage and intermittent fever,with no adverse effects.As a result,the patient was discharged within two weeks of the integration of these treatments.Therefore,the integration of therapeutic plasma exchange and traditional Chinese medicine is an effective therapy for patients with severe COVID-19.
文摘This study analyses various chicken cuts(breast,leg,and thigh)in terms of ten biocompounds:nicotinamide,anserine,carnosine,malondialdehyde,and biogenic amines(putrescine,cadaverine,histamine,tyramine,spermidine,and spermine).The analysis is conducted on refrigerated chicken meat cuts using three different packaging solutions:modified atmosphere packaging(MAP),vacuum skin packaging(SKIN),and permeable O2 plastic film(STRETCH).Our results show that nicotinamide was the most discriminant compound followed for cuts and time.Remarkably,its concentration decreases over time,unaffected by any of the packaging solutions.The collective contribution of all the examined biocompounds is highlighted through multivariate statistical analysis,utilizing partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and the support vector machine(SVM)algorithm.Both machine learning models demonstrate high classification accuracy:for cut,storage time,and packaging,PLS-DA yields classification accuracy rates of 87%,85%,and 70%,respectively.SVM achieves even higher accuracy rates of 97%,99%,and 94%for cut,storage time,and packaging,respectively.These results underscore the importance of considering the combined influence of all the biocompounds investigated in this study for a finer classification of chicken meat cuts and packaging.Furthermore,our findings highlight the efficacy of SVM as a discriminant multivariate approach in food classification.
基金supported by the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(MIUR),program PRIN 2017(grant number 2017JTNK78)-Project:“GOOD-BY-WASTE.Obtain GOOD products-exploit BY-products reduce WASTE”.
文摘Lemon pomace,the by-product derived from the industrial processing of citrus fruits for juice production,is a matrix rich in flavonoids and limonoids,bioactive compounds with interesting functional properties.The aim of the present work was to investigate the technological properties of flavonoids and limonoids-rich extracts recovered from lemon pomace by-products in model oil-in-water(o/w)emulsions.Two extracts,obtained with different extraction procedures,were characterized in terms of surface properties,either as pure extract or in combination with pea protein isolate.Then,the most surface-active extract was used to enrich,at increasing concentrations(0.5%,1%and 2%),o/w emulsions(20%w/w)stabilized by pea proteins.Droplet size distributions,microstructure,flow behavior and oxidative stability were investigated.The extracts were able to lower the surface tension of the protein interfacial layer,with a concentration dependent behavior.In emulsions,depending on the amount added,the extract significantly altered the dispersion degree,by increasing oil droplet size and inducing flocculation at the highest extract to pea protein ratios.The emulsions showed a Newtonian behavior,with the exception of the sample with the highest amount of extract(2%)which also presented a yield stress.In accelerated oxidation tests,the extracts were shown to improve the chemical stability of the emulsions;however,the physical stability was impaired in the systems with the highest extract amounts(1%,2%).Limonoids-and flavonoids-rich extracts recovered from lemon pomace can be considered promising as multifunctional ingredients in o/w emulsions,provided that their effect on the colloidal properties is properly addressed.
基金the research activities developed within the project“PLASMAFOOD-Study and optimisation of cold atmospheric plasma treatment for food safety and quality improvement”founded by MIUR-Ministero dell’Istruzione dell’Universita e della Ricerca-PRIN:Progetti di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale,Bando 2017.
文摘This study investigated the effect of different CAP exposures on the activity of horseradish peroxidase(HRP)in phosphate buffer and in model systems with different concentrations of monosaccharides(glucose,fructose)and disaccharides(sucrose,trehalose)to evaluate the potential role of sugars in enzyme inactivation.Spectroscopic analyses(fluorescence,circular dichroism,UV-Vis absorption)were conducted to highlight structural modifications possibly responsible for HRP inactivation.In phosphate buffer,the inactivation of HRP by CAP resulted dependent on both the treatment time(up to 70%after 30 min)and ozone concentration in the chamber.HRP residual activity was fitted with a very good approximation by the Weibull model.Sugars reduced the CAP efficacy,and this effect was concentration-dependent and much higher for disaccharides than monosaccharides.UV and fluorescence spectra showed that sugars differently preserved HRP tertiary structure,hindering heme degradation and quenching of aromatic amino acids.Likewise,sugars differently affected the loss of secondary structures.These findings only partially explained the diverse protective effects of sugars on HRP.Other factors,such as the different sugars’abilities to quench plasma reactive species,reduce the system mobility,and stabilize proteins by preserving their hydration shell,were retained to play a role in the reduction of HRP inactivation.This study deepened the knowledge of the effect of CAP on peroxidase activity and demonstrated that the presence of mono and disaccharides,naturally found in fruits and vegetables and widely employed in food and beverage industries,can mitigate the inactivation and structural alterations induced by CAP on peroxidase enzymes.
基金G.A.L.Maiella Verde-“Vigne e vini di Pretalucente”-sotto intervento 19.2.1.1.4“Sapori da salvare”Fase 3-CUP C29I23000110009-CIG Z763B2A9D5,Bio Cantina Orsogna(Chieti)and Dalton Biotecnologie s.r.l.
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 10 Starmerella bacillaris strains inoculated as planktonic or biofilm-detached cells on the chromatic characteristics of Montepulciano d’Abruzzo wine.Wines inoculated with biofilm-detached cells of St.bacillaris were characterized by a higher content of glycerol and viable yeast cells and a lower content of ethanol than those obtained with planktonic cells.Pyruvic acid content ranged from 45.99 mg/L to 48.19 mg/L and from 41.13 mg/L to 45.9 mg/L in wines fermented with biofilm-detached and planktonic cells,respectively.Wines obtained with biofilm-detached cells showed levels of anthocyanins ranging from 506.8 mg/L to 659.9 mg/L,while those fermented with free cells of St.bacillaris ranged from 518 mg/L to 612.6 mg/L.Similarly,the content of polyphenols was higher in wines inoculated with biofilm-detached cells.The different amounts of these compounds resulted in differences in the wine's color.Wines obtained with biofilm-detached cells of St.bacillaris had lower b^(*)and h^(*)values than those obtained with planktonic cells.These wines also showed higher a*values,indicating the presence of a stronger red color than the others,and lower clarity(L^(*)).Moreover,the data obtained highlighted that it is possible to predict the color of young wines from must measurements.Further studies will be done to evaluate the role of other non-Saccharomyces yeasts,grown under different aggregation states,in the definition of wine color.
文摘Previously, we established a model in which physiologically adequate function of the autologous β cells was recovered in non-obese diabetic （NOD） mice after the onset of hyperglycemia by rendering them hemopoietic chimera. These mice were termed antea-diabetic. In the current study, we addressed the role of T regulatory （Treg） cells in the mechanisms mediating the restoration of euglycemia in the antea-diabetic NOD model. The data generated in this study demonstrated that the numbers of Treg cells were decreased in unmanipulated NOD mice, with the most profound deficiency detected in the pancreatic lymph nodes （PLNs）. The impaired retention of the Treg cells in the PLNs correlated with the locally compromised profile of the chemokines involved in their trafficking, with the most prominent decrease observed in SDF-1. The amelioration of autoimmunity and restoration of euglycemia observed in the antea-diabetic mice was associated with restoration of the Treg cell population in the PLNs. These data indicate that the function of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and the retention of Treg cells in the PLNs have a potential role in diabetogenesis and in the amelioration of autoimmunity and β cell regeneration in the antea-diabetic model. We have demonstrated in the antea-diabetic mouse model that lifelong recovery of the β cells has a strong correlation with normalization of the Treg cell population in the PLNs. This finding offers new opportunities for testing the immunomodulatory regimens that promote accumulation of Treg cells in the PLNs as a therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes （TID）.
基金This research was funded by Orsogna winery and by the European Union-Next Generation EU.Project Code:ECS00000041Project CUP:C43C22000380007Project Title:Innovation,digitalization and sustainability for the diffused economy in Central Italy-VITALITY.
文摘In this study,the influence of conventional and organic managements on Vitis vinifera cv.Trebbiano Abruzzese on fungal community was investigated.Moreover,spontaneous vinifications were performed,and wines were characterized for some oenological parameters and aroma profiles.A core of 8 genera was detected(Zygosaccharomyces spp.,Cladosporium spp.,Botrytis spp.,Hanseniaspora spp.,Pichia spp.,Alternaria spp.,Candida spp.,Aureobasidium spp.),while some genera were unique for each grape sample.Saccharomyces spp.and Mucor spp.were present only on conventional grapes,while Penicillium spp.and Aspergillus spp.only on organic ones.At the species level Aureobasidium pullulans,Cladosporium cladosporioides and Pichia terricola dominated in both samples with varying abundance depending on the vineyard management.The fermentation performed with conventional grapes resulted in a faster rate than that performed with organic ones.No significative differences were observed for the oenological parameters analyzed with the only exception of ethanol content which was higher in conventional wines than in organic ones:11.57±0.10 g/L and 10.51±0.09 g/L,respectively.Conventional wines were characterized by the presence of aldehydes,while organic ones by terpenes and β-damascenone.The obtained results suggested an effect of vineyard practices on grape fungal community which could in turn influence some characteristics of Trebbiano d’Abruzzo wines.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Council(grant number:109-2320-B-033-003 and 109-2813-C-033-036-B),Taipei,Taiwan.
文摘The liver,which is a vital organ for metabolism and detoxification,is susceptible to damage caused by oxidative stress.Excessive consumption of acetaminophen(APAP),a commonly used analgesic ingredient,can cause liver injury due to oxidative stress.The aim of this study is to examine the protective effects and mechanisms of fermented Syzygium samarangense(wax apple)leaves(FWAL)against damage caused by APAP in mouse AML-12 hepatocytes.Ethanolic and water extracts of FWAL(FWAL-EE and FWAL-WE)were prepared,and both contained significant phenolic compounds such as gallic acid,EGCG,ellagic acid,myricitrin,and myricetin,with potent DPPH scavenging activity.FWAL-EE demonstrated superior effectiveness in lowering the death ratio,LDH leakage,and oxidative stress in APAP-treated AML-12 cells.The protective effects of FWAL-EE included the downregulation of inflammatory markers TNF-αand cox-2 mRNA,as well as the upregulation of Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1 proteins in APAP-treated hepatocytes.Additionally,FWAL-EE reduced the expression of epigenetic enzymes HDACs 1,2,3,and 4,and DNMTs 1 and 3b while causing an increase in unmethylated DNA levels in the Nrf2 promoter region.Furthermore,EGCG,a prominent active compound in FWAL,protected AML-12 hepatocytes from APAP-induced damage by activating Nrf2 and NQO1,while also inhibiting epigenetic DNMTs and HDACs.These results suggested that FWAL-EE may effectively prevent APAP-induced liver damage by enhancing the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant system through epigenetic regulation.FWAL-EE has potential as a nutraceutical for liver protection.
