Background:Fufang Muji Granules is a traditional Chinese medicine of the Manchu ethnic group and is thought to treat hepatitis and liver injury by inhibiting the elevation of alpha-fetoprotein.Methods:In this investig...Background:Fufang Muji Granules is a traditional Chinese medicine of the Manchu ethnic group and is thought to treat hepatitis and liver injury by inhibiting the elevation of alpha-fetoprotein.Methods:In this investigation,tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative proteomics was performed to figure out the therapeutic mechanisms of Fufang Muji Granules on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))in rats.Results:Biochemical analyses(alanine aminotransferase;glutamate aminotransferase;aspartate aminotransferase)and histologic analyses(hematoxylin-eosin)demonstrated that FMG was effective in ameliorating liver injury.A sum of 6,208 proteins were identified and 2,475 proteins were determined as differential abundance proteins(DAPs)in rat liver treated with Fufang Muji Granules which compared to the model group.Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the DAPs are primarily enriched in multiple pathways such as rno00280(valine,leucine,and isoleucine degradation),rno00640(Propanoate metabolism),and rno00380(Tryptophan metabolism).Western blot was employed to validate the findings from the proteomic analysis.Conclusion:This study not only provides useful information on the mechanism of Fufang Muji Granules in the treatment of liver injury but also serves as a basis for further study of Fufang Muji Granules in vivo.展开更多
Species of the genus Paenibacillus,especially those from extreme environments that have been reported,are known for producing bioactive compounds with agricultural and biotechnological applications.In this study,we in...Species of the genus Paenibacillus,especially those from extreme environments that have been reported,are known for producing bioactive compounds with agricultural and biotechnological applications.In this study,we investigated the genomic and biochemical potential of Paenibacillus sp.VCA1 strain isolated from a thermophilic environment.Taxonomic identification was performed using whole genome similarity analysis,TETRA four-nucleotide frequency of occurrence analysis,ANI average nucleotide identity analysis,and gene distance analysis using digital DNA-DNA hybridization(dDDH).Functional analysis of the strain VCA1 was performed by detecting genes,enzymes,and genome subsystems involved in biocontrol and plant growth promotion,which was carried out using the RAST(Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology),the seed server and antiSAMSH(antibiotics&Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell).Genetic analyses showed the existence of 11 fatty acid and isoprenoid production genes,56 motility and chemotaxis genes,29 N-acetylglucosamine genes,and five siderophore genes.Finally,the antifungal and emulsifying activities demonstrated that strain VCA1 has activity against Fusarium oxysporum strain 45ta using integrated genomic and experimental validation,and the antifungal properties of the Paenibacillus sp.VCA1 has suggested potential use as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi,and its continuous study can have beneficial applications in sustainable agriculture and biotechnology.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum) CAI6 and L.plantarum SC4 on hyperlipidemic mice.METHODS:Male Kunming mice were fed a highcholesterol diet for 28 d to construct hyperlipidemic mod...AIM:To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum) CAI6 and L.plantarum SC4 on hyperlipidemic mice.METHODS:Male Kunming mice were fed a highcholesterol diet for 28 d to construct hyperlipidemic models.Hyperlipidemic mice and normal mice were assigned to 3 groups which were separately treated with L.plantarum CAI6,L.plantarum SC4,and physiological saline through oral gavage for 28 d.Total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) levels were measured by commercially available enzyme kits.FACS Calibur flow cytometry was used to examine hepatic and renal nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) expression.The morphology of livers was checked by hematoxylin and eosin staining and optical microscope observation.RESULTS:Compared with normal mice,hyperlipidemic mice possessed significantly higher TC(3.50 ± 0.43 vs 2.89 ± 0.36,P < 0.01),TG(1.76 ± 0.07 vs 1.10 ± 0.16,P < 0.01),and LDL-C(1.72 ± 0.20 vs 0.82 ± 0.10,P < 0.01) levels,resulting in an increase of atherogenic index(AI)(2.34 ± 1.60 vs 0.93 ± 0.55,P < 0.05) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio(1.43 ± 0.12 vs 0.51 ± 0.16,P < 0.05).After treatment with L.plantarum CAI6/L.plantarum SC4,TG(1.43 ± 0.27/1.54 ± 0.10 vs 1.76 ± 0.07,P < 0.01/P < 0.05) and LDL-C(1.42 ± 0.07/1.47 ± 0.12 vs 1.72 ± 0.20,P < 0.01/P < 0.01) in hyperlipidemic mice significantly decreased.In addition,TC,HDL-C,AI,and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were all positively changed.Meanwhile,the treatment markedly alleviated hepatic steatosis and significantly stimulated Nrf2 expression(73.79 ± 0.80/72.96 ± 1.22 vs 54.94 ± 1.84,P < 0.01/P < 0.01) in hepatocytes of hyperlipidemic mice.CONCLUSION:L.plantarum CAI6 and L.plantarum SC4 may protect against cardiovascular disease by lipid metabolism regulation and Nrf2-induced antioxidative defense in hyperlipidemic mice.展开更多
AIM： To investigate if the nucleoside analogue lamivudine （LAM）, a potent inhibitor of HBV replication, could restore the function of dendritic cells derived from patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB） in an Asi...AIM： To investigate if the nucleoside analogue lamivudine （LAM）, a potent inhibitor of HBV replication, could restore the function of dendritic cells derived from patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB） in an Asian population.METHODS： Dendritic cells （DCs） derived from mononuclearcytes of patients with chronic HBV infection were cultured in the presence of IL-4, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factors （GM-CSF） and gradient concentrations of LAM （0-2 mmol/L）. Cell morphology was observed under light microscopy. Cell surface molecules, including HI_A-DR, CD80, CD83, and CDla, were analyzed with flow cytometry. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-12 in the supernatant were assayed by ELISA. T cell proliferation was assayed by methyl thiazoM tetrazolium （MTT）.RESULTS： The expression of CDlα on DC treated with 0.5 mmol/L LAM （LAM-DC 0.5 mmol/L） was significantly higher than that of DC untreated with LAM （54.1 ± 4.21 vs 33.57 ± 3.14, P 〈 0.05）, and so was the expression of CD83 （20.24 ± 2.51 vs 12.83 ± 2.12, P 〈 0.05） as well as the expression of HLA-DR （74.5 ± 5.16 vs 52.8 ± 2.51, P 〈 0.05）. Compared with control group, LAM-DC group （0.5 mmol/L） secreted significantly more IL-12 （910 ± 91.5 vs 268 ± 34.3 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05）, had lower levels of IL-6 in the culture supernatant （28 ± 2.6 vs 55 ± 7.36 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05）, markedly enhanced the stimulatory capacity in the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction （MLR） （1.87 ± 0.6 vs 1.24 ± 0.51, P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： The lower expression of phenotypic molecules and impaired allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction function of dendritic cells derived from patients with HBV infection could be restored in vitro by incubation with LAM.展开更多
With liquid petrol gas(LPG)as carbon source,carbon felt as porous perform and hydrogen as diluent,C/C composites were fast fabricated by using a multi-physics field chemical vapor infiltration(MFCVI)process in a self-...With liquid petrol gas(LPG)as carbon source,carbon felt as porous perform and hydrogen as diluent,C/C composites were fast fabricated by using a multi-physics field chemical vapor infiltration(MFCVI)process in a self-made furnace.A set of orthogonal experiments were carried out to optimize parameters in terms of indices of density and graphitization degree.The results show the optimal indices can be achieved under the conditions of temperature 650℃,LPGconcentration 80%,gas flux 60 mL/s, total pressure 20 kPa,infiltration time 15 h.The verification experiment proves the effectiveness of the orthogonal experiments. Under the optimal conditions,the graphitization degree of 75%and bulk density of 1.69 g/cm are achieved with a uniform density distribution.At the same time,a new structure is obtained.展开更多
AIM： To investigate whether a fuzzy logic model could predict colorectal cancer （CRC） risk engendered by smoking in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） patients. METHODS： Three hundred and forty H...AIM： To investigate whether a fuzzy logic model could predict colorectal cancer （CRC） risk engendered by smoking in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） patients. METHODS： Three hundred and forty HNPCC mismatch repair （MMR） mutation carriers from the Creighton University Hereditary Cancer Institute Registry were selected for modeling. Age-dependent curves were generated to elucidate the joint effects between gene mutation （hMLH1 or hMSH2）, gender, and smoking status on the probability of developing CRC. RESULTS： Smoking significantly increased CRC risk in male hMSH2 mutation carriers （P 〈 0.05）. hMLH1 mutations augmented CRC risk relative to hMSH2 mutation carriers for males （P 〈 0.05）. Males had a significantly higher risk of CRC than females for hMLH1 non smokers （P 〈 0.05）, hMLH1 smokers （P 〈 0.1） and hMSH2 smokers （P 〈 0.1）. Smoking promoted CRC in a dose-dependent manner in hMSH2 in males （P 〈 0.05）. Females with hMSH2 mutations and both sexes with the hMLH1 groups only demonstrated a smoking effect after an extensive smoking history （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： CRC promotion by smoking in HNPCC patients is dependent on gene mutation, gender and age. These data demonstrate that fuzzy modeling may enable formulation of clinical risk scores, thereby allowing individualization of CRC prevention strategies.展开更多
We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom （HAB）. Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae, zooplankton, fish, and bivalve （Mytilus edulis） in laboratory. T...We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom （HAB）. Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae, zooplankton, fish, and bivalve （Mytilus edulis） in laboratory. The result shows that sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of algal species selectively. Among three algae species selected, Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis was promoted with increasing sophorolipid concentration; Isochrysis galbana was inhibited seven days later in sophorolipid concentration below 40 mg/L; and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima was inhibited obviously in only a high sophorolipid concentration over 20 mg/L. Therefore, sophorolipid in a low concentration at 〈20 mg/L could remove certain harmful algae species effectivelywithout harming other non-harmful microalgae. For other animals, sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of ciliate Strombidium sp. by 50% at 20 mg/L sophorolipid concentration after 96 h. The concentration in 96-h LC50 for Calanus sinicus, Neomysis awatschensis, Lateolabrax japonicus, and Paralichthys olivaceus was 15, 150, 60, and 110 mg/L, respectively. The 24 h LC50 value for Arternia salina was 600 mg/L. The relative clearance rate of mussel Mytilus edulis decreased to 80%, 40%, and 20% of the control group after being exposed to 20, 50, and 100 mg/L sophorolipid for 24 h. Therefore, the toxicity for mitigation of harmful algae bloom at previously recommended concentration of 5-20 mg/L sophorolipid is low for most tested organisms in this reaserch.展开更多
The effect of Epimedium extract （EE） on erythrocytes was investigated by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The images of the surface structures showed clear concave and progressive increase of surface roughness of er...The effect of Epimedium extract （EE） on erythrocytes was investigated by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The images of the surface structures showed clear concave and progressive increase of surface roughness of erythrocyte after incubation with EE at concentration of 0.2 or 0.05 g/L, far below its critical hemolytic levels. The AFM results also indicated that the granules of the fine surface structure increased, which caused by aggregation of membrane protein. Further study showed that the change in surface topography of erythrocyte membrane might be connected with the increase of intracellular free Ca^2＋ induced by EE.展开更多
Nitrogen in pond sediments is a major water quality concern and can impact the productivity of aquaculture.Dissolved oxygen is an important factor for improving water quality and boosting fish growth in aquaculture po...Nitrogen in pond sediments is a major water quality concern and can impact the productivity of aquaculture.Dissolved oxygen is an important factor for improving water quality and boosting fish growth in aquaculture ponds,and plays an important role in the conversion of ammonium-nitrogen(NH4-N)to nitrite-nitrogen(NO2--N)and eventually nitrate-nitrogen(NO3--N).A central goal of the study was to identify the best aeration method and strategy for improving water quality in aquaculture ponds.We conducted an experiment with six tanks,each with a different aeration mode to simulate the behavior of aquaculture ponds.The results show that a 36 hr aeration interval(Tc=36 hr:36 hr)and no aeration resulted in high concentrations of NH4-N in the water column.Using a 12 hr interval time(Tc=12 hr:12 hr)resulted in higher NO2--N and NO3--N concentrations than any other aeration mode.Results from an 8 hr interval time(Tc=8 hr:8 hr)and 24 hr interval time(Tc=24 hr:24 hr)were comparable with those of continuous aeration,and had the benefit of being in use for only half of the time,consequently reducing energy consumption.展开更多
In order to enhance the biomethane production from corn stover, choosing effective pretreatment is one of the necessary steps before starting anaerobic digestion(AD).This study was aimed to analyze the effectiveness o...In order to enhance the biomethane production from corn stover, choosing effective pretreatment is one of the necessary steps before starting anaerobic digestion(AD).This study was aimed to analyze the effectiveness of freezing–thawing with ammonia pretreatment on substance degradation and AD performance of corn stover.Three ammonia concentrations(2%, 4%, and 6%) with two different moisture contents(50% and 70%) were used to pretreat the corn stover at two temperatures(-20 ℃ and 20 ℃).The result showed that an optimum pretreatment condition for corn stover was at the temperature of -20 ℃, moisture content of 70% and ammonia concentration of 2%.Under the optimum pretreatment condition, the maximum biomethane yield reached 261 ml·(g VS)^(-1), which was 41.08% higher than that of the untreated.Under different pretreatment conditions,the highest loss of lignin at -20 ℃ with 2% ammonia concentration was 63.36% compared with the untreated.The buffer capacity of AD system was also improved after the freezing–thawing with ammonia pretreatment.Therefore, the freezing–thawing with ammonia pretreatment can be used to improve AD performance for corn stover.This study provides further insight for exploring an efficient freezing–thawing with ammonia pretreatment strategy to enhance AD performance for the practical application.展开更多
This paper reports experimental and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) studies on the performance of microfiltration enhanced by a helical screw insert.The experimental results show that the use of turbulence pro-moter...This paper reports experimental and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) studies on the performance of microfiltration enhanced by a helical screw insert.The experimental results show that the use of turbulence pro-moter can improve the permeate flux of membrane in the crossflow microfiltration of calcium carbonate suspension,and flux improvement efficiency is strongly influenced by operation conditions.The energy consumption analysis indicates that the enhanced membrane system is more energy saving at higher feed concentrations.To explore the intrinsic mechanism of flux enhancement by a helical screw insert,three-dimensional CFD simulation of fluid flow was implemented.It reveals that hydrodynamic characteristics of fluid flow inside the channel are entirely changed by the turbulence promoter.The rotational flow pattern increases the scouring effect on the tube wall,reducing the particle deposition on the membrane surface.The absence of stagnant regions and high wall shear stress are respon-sible for the enhanced filtration performance.No secondary flow is generated in the channel,owing to the streamline shape of helical screw insert,so that the enhanced performance is achieved at relatively low energy consumption.展开更多
Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with integrated moving-window (MW) waveband screening was applied to the discriminant analysis of liquor brands with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Luzhou Laojia...Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with integrated moving-window (MW) waveband screening was applied to the discriminant analysis of liquor brands with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Luzhou Laojiao, a popular liquor with strong fragrant flavor, was used as the identified liquor brand (160 samples, negative, 52 vol alcoholicity). Liquors of 10 other brands with strong fragrant flavor were used as the interferential brands (200 samples, positive, 52 vol alcoholicity). The Kennard-Stone algorithm was used for the division of modeling samples to achieve uniformity and representativeness. Based on the MW-PLS-DA, a simplified optimal model set with 157 wavebands was further proposed. This set contained five types of wavebands corresponding to the NIR absorption bands of water, ethanol, and other micronutrients (i.e., acids, aldehydes, phenols, and aromatic compounds) in liquor for practical choice. Using five selected simple models with 4775 - 4239, 7804 - 6569, 6264 - 5844, 9435 - 7896, and 12066 - 10373 cm-1, the validation recognition rates were obtained as 99.3% or higher. Results show good prediction performance and low model complexity, and also provided a valuable reference for designing small dedicated instruments. The proposed method is a promising tool for large-scale inspection of liquor food safety.展开更多
We applied near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy with chemometrics for the rapid and reagent-fee analysis of serum urea nitrogen(SUN).The modeling is based on the average effect of multiple sample partitions to achieve param...We applied near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy with chemometrics for the rapid and reagent-fee analysis of serum urea nitrogen(SUN).The modeling is based on the average effect of multiple sample partitions to achieve parameter selection with stability.A multiparameter optimization platform with Norris derivative filter-partial least squares(Norris-PLS)was developed to select the most suitable mode(d=2,s=33,g=15).Using equidistant combination PLS(EC-PLS)with four parameters(initial wavelength I,number of wavelengths N,number of wavelength gaps G and latent variables LV),we performed wavelength screening after eliminating high-absorption wavebands.The optimal EC-PLS parameters were I=1228 nm,N=26,G=16 and LV=12.The root-mean square error(SEP),correlation coefficient(R_(p))for prediction and ratio of performance-to-deviation(RPD)for validation were 1.03 mmol L^(-1),0.992 and 7.6,respectively.We proposed the wavelength step-by-step phase-out PLS(WSP-PLS)to remove redun-dant wavelengths in the top 100 EC-PLS models with improved prediction performance.The combination of 19 wavelengths was identifed as the optimal model for SUN.The SEP,Rp and RPD in validation were 1.01 mmol L^(-1),0.992 and 7.7,respectively.The prediction effect and wavelength complexity were better than those of EC-PIS.Our results showed that NIR spectroscopy combined with the EC-PLS and WSP-PLS methods enabled the high-precision analysis ofSUN.WSP-PLS is a secondary optimization method that can further optimize any wavelength moc odel obtained through other continuous or discrete strategies to establish a simple and better model.展开更多
A projection pursuit cluster（PPC） model was used to analyze the regional partitioning of agricultural non-point source pollution in China.The environmental factors impacting the agricultural non-point source polluti...A projection pursuit cluster（PPC） model was used to analyze the regional partitioning of agricultural non-point source pollution in China.The environmental factors impacting the agricultural non-point source pollution were compiled into a projection index to set up the projection index function.A novel optimization algorithm called Free search（FS） was introduced to optimize the projection direction of the PPC model.By making the appropriate improvements as we explored the use of the algorithm,it became simpler,and developed better exploration abilities.Thus,the multi-factor problem was converted into a single-factor cluster,according to the projection,which successfully avoided subjective disturbance and produced objective results.The cluster results of the PPC model mirror the actual regional partitioning of the agricultural non-point source pollution in China,indicating that the PPC model is a powerful tool in multi-factor cluster analysis,and could be a new method for the regional partitioning of agricultural non-point source pollution.展开更多
Screening for drought tolerance is critical to ensure high biomass production of bioenergy sorghum in arid or semi-arid environments. The bottleneck in drought tolerance selection is the challenge of accurately predic...Screening for drought tolerance is critical to ensure high biomass production of bioenergy sorghum in arid or semi-arid environments. The bottleneck in drought tolerance selection is the challenge of accurately predicting biomass for a large number of genotypes. Although biomass prediction by lowaltitude remote sensing has been widely investigated on various crops, the performance of the predictions are not consistent, especially when applied in a breeding context with hundreds of genotypes. In some cases, biomass prediction of a large group of genotypes benefited from multimodal remote sensing data;while in other cases, the benefits were not obvious. In this study, we evaluated the performance of single and multimodal data(thermal, RGB, and multispectral) derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) for biomass prediction for drought tolerance assessments within a context of bioenergy sorghum breeding. The biomass of 360 sorghum genotypes grown under well-watered and water-stressed regimes was predicted with a series of UAV-derived canopy features, including canopy structure, spectral reflectance, and thermal radiation features. Biomass predictions using canopy features derived from the multimodal data showed comparable performance with the best results obtained with the single modal data with coefficients of determination(R2) ranging from 0.40 to 0.53 under water-stressed environment and0.11 to 0.35 under well-watered environment. The significance in biomass prediction was highest with multispectral followed by RGB and lowest with the thermal sensor. Finally, two well-recognized yieldbased drought tolerance indices were calculated from ground truth biomass data and UAV predicted biomass, respectively. Results showed that the geometric mean productivity index outperformed the yield stability index in terms of the potential for reliable predictions by the remotely sensed data.Collectively, this study demonstrated a promising strategy for the use of different UAV-based imaging sensors to quantify yield-based drought tolerance.展开更多
The mesoporous Ti O2 has been synthesized by evaporation induced self assembly(EISA) method. The thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric(TG/DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), high-resolution transmission elect...The mesoporous Ti O2 has been synthesized by evaporation induced self assembly(EISA) method. The thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric(TG/DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) and N2 adsorption desorption and adsorption are used to study the effects of the synthesized process condition on the microstructure of the as-synthesized mesoporous Ti O2. The photocatalytic performances of as-synthesized samples are evaluated by the degradation of the formaldehyde under ultraviolet light irradiations. The results demonstrate that the as-synthesized mesoporous Ti O2 are anatase with the uniform size about 20-40 nm. The sample is prepared using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) as the template with average pore size distribution of 8.12 nm, specific surface area of 68.47 m2/g and pore volume of 0.213 m L/g. The samples show decomposition of formaldehyde 95.8% under ultraviolet light irradiations for 90 min. These results provide a basic experimental process for preparation mesoporous Ti O2, which will posses a broad prospect in terms of the applications in improving indoor air quality.展开更多
Lactic acid is an important organic acid that is widely used in the food,pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industries.Lactic acid was produced from coffee ground waste which contains fermentable sugars and is increasingly g...Lactic acid is an important organic acid that is widely used in the food,pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industries.Lactic acid was produced from coffee ground waste which contains fermentable sugars and is increasingly generated from our daily dietary life.Among 114 strains of Lactobacillus species,Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863 was selected for the production of lactic acid from coffee ground waste.Through alkali pretreatment and saccharification,cellulose and hemicellulose in coffee ground waste were converted into fermentable sugars.Pretreatment experiments were conducted at various alkali solution,concentrations,and times.Alkali pretreatment with 35 g/L of KOH at 121oC for 60 min,the highest concentration of fermentable sugars was produced.The optimum concentration of Viscozyme L was 2%when saccharification was proceeded at 55oC for 7 days.The productivity of lactic acid fermentation was the highest(0.59 g/L/h)at 100 g of coffee ground waste(1x concentration),whereas the lactic acid concentration was the highest at 600 g of coffee ground waste(6x concentration).As the concentration of coffee ground increased,the lactic acid concentration was also increased,however,the amount was not proportional to the coffee ground waste used.In this study,it was found that coffee ground waste could be used as a culture medium for Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863 through pretreatment and saccharification for the production of lactic acid.展开更多
The phytohormone auxin plays crucial roles in nearly every aspect of plant growth and development.Auxin signaling is activated through the phytohormone-induced proteasomal degradation of the Auxin/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID...The phytohormone auxin plays crucial roles in nearly every aspect of plant growth and development.Auxin signaling is activated through the phytohormone-induced proteasomal degradation of the Auxin/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID(Aux/IAA)family of transcriptional repressors.Notably,many auxin-modulated physiological processes are also regulated by nitric oxide(NO)that executes its biological effects predominantly through protein S-nitrosylation at specific cysteine residues.However,little is known about the molecular mechanisms in regulating the interactive NO and auxin networks.Here,we show that NO represses auxin signaling by inhibiting IAA17 protein degradation.NO induces the S-nitrosylation of Cys-70 located in the intrinsically disordered region of IAA17,which inhibits the TIR1-IAA17 interaction and consequently the proteasomal degradation of IAA17.The accumulation of a higher level of IAA17 attenuates auxin response.Moreover,an IAA17^(C70W)nitrosomimetic mutation renders the accumulation of a higher level of the mutated protein,thereby causing partial resistance to auxin and defective lateral root development.Taken together,these results suggest that S-nitrosylation of IAA17 at Cys-70 inhibits its interaction with TIR1,thereby negatively regulating auxin signaling.This study provides unique molecular insights into the redox-based auxin signaling in regulating plant growth and development.展开更多
Teicoplanin(TCP)is an important lipoglycopeptide antibiotic produced by fermenting Acti-noplanes teichomyceticus.The change in TCP concentration is important to measure in the fermentation process.In this study,a reag...Teicoplanin(TCP)is an important lipoglycopeptide antibiotic produced by fermenting Acti-noplanes teichomyceticus.The change in TCP concentration is important to measure in the fermentation process.In this study,a reagent-free and rapid quantification method for TCP in the TCP-Tris-HCl mixture samples was developed using near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy by focusing our attention on the fermentation process for TCP.The absorbance optimization(AO)partial least squares(PLS)was proposed and integrated with the moving window(MW)PLS,which is called AO-MW-PLS method,to select appropriate wavebands.Amodel set that includes various wavebands that were equivalent to the optimal AO-MW-PLS waveband was,proposed based on statistical considerations.The public region of all equivalent wavebands was just one of the equivalent wavebands.The obtained public regions were 1540-1868 nm for TCP and 1114-1310 nm for Tris.The root-mean-square error and correlation coeficient for leave-one-out cross validation were 0.046 mg mL^(-1)and 0.9998 mg mL^(-1)for TCP,and 0.235 mg mL^(-1)and 0.9986 mg mL^(-1)for Tris,respectively.All the models achieved highly accurate prediction effects,and the selected wavebands provided valuable references for designing specialized spectrometers.This study provided a valuable reference for further application of the proposed methods to TCP fermentation broth and to other spectroscopic analysis fields.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the relationship between water body Chlorophyll-a and water quality factors of wetlands Baiguishan reservoir.[Method] Chlorophyll-a and water quality factors of water quality of Wetl...[Objective] The aim was to explore the relationship between water body Chlorophyll-a and water quality factors of wetlands Baiguishan reservoir.[Method] Chlorophyll-a and water quality factors of water quality of Wetlands BaiGuishan Reservoir was studied,the analysis of the relationship on water quality of Wetlands Baiguishan Reservoir was made by use of trophic status indices and SPSS17.0 statistical analysis.[Result] Total phosphorus was an important factor of influence Chlorophyll-a in reservoir,water body had slight eutrophication phenomenon in reservoir of July to October in 2010.[Conclusion] Comprehensive management should be strengthened so as to improve the water quality of Baiguishan wetland.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104532 and 82173913)Joint Program(Applied Basic Research Project)of Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Program(2023JH2/101700074)+1 种基金High-level Talent Innovation Support Program of Dalian(2021RD10)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023-SWGC-0101)。
文摘Background:Fufang Muji Granules is a traditional Chinese medicine of the Manchu ethnic group and is thought to treat hepatitis and liver injury by inhibiting the elevation of alpha-fetoprotein.Methods:In this investigation,tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative proteomics was performed to figure out the therapeutic mechanisms of Fufang Muji Granules on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))in rats.Results:Biochemical analyses(alanine aminotransferase;glutamate aminotransferase;aspartate aminotransferase)and histologic analyses(hematoxylin-eosin)demonstrated that FMG was effective in ameliorating liver injury.A sum of 6,208 proteins were identified and 2,475 proteins were determined as differential abundance proteins(DAPs)in rat liver treated with Fufang Muji Granules which compared to the model group.Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the DAPs are primarily enriched in multiple pathways such as rno00280(valine,leucine,and isoleucine degradation),rno00640(Propanoate metabolism),and rno00380(Tryptophan metabolism).Western blot was employed to validate the findings from the proteomic analysis.Conclusion:This study not only provides useful information on the mechanism of Fufang Muji Granules in the treatment of liver injury but also serves as a basis for further study of Fufang Muji Granules in vivo.
基金funded by Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico/IT de Tuxtla Gutierrez with project number 22847.25-PFunding came from the“Consejo Nacional de Humanidades,Ciencias y Tecnologias”(CONAHCYT,Mexico),with Project No.320299.
文摘Species of the genus Paenibacillus,especially those from extreme environments that have been reported,are known for producing bioactive compounds with agricultural and biotechnological applications.In this study,we investigated the genomic and biochemical potential of Paenibacillus sp.VCA1 strain isolated from a thermophilic environment.Taxonomic identification was performed using whole genome similarity analysis,TETRA four-nucleotide frequency of occurrence analysis,ANI average nucleotide identity analysis,and gene distance analysis using digital DNA-DNA hybridization(dDDH).Functional analysis of the strain VCA1 was performed by detecting genes,enzymes,and genome subsystems involved in biocontrol and plant growth promotion,which was carried out using the RAST(Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology),the seed server and antiSAMSH(antibiotics&Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell).Genetic analyses showed the existence of 11 fatty acid and isoprenoid production genes,56 motility and chemotaxis genes,29 N-acetylglucosamine genes,and five siderophore genes.Finally,the antifungal and emulsifying activities demonstrated that strain VCA1 has activity against Fusarium oxysporum strain 45ta using integrated genomic and experimental validation,and the antifungal properties of the Paenibacillus sp.VCA1 has suggested potential use as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi,and its continuous study can have beneficial applications in sustainable agriculture and biotechnology.
基金Supported by Chinese Ministry of Education Doctor Degree grant,No.20101333120011Hebei Province Natural Science Fund,No.C2011203137 and No.11965152DChinese Postdoctoral grant,No.480013
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum) CAI6 and L.plantarum SC4 on hyperlipidemic mice.METHODS:Male Kunming mice were fed a highcholesterol diet for 28 d to construct hyperlipidemic models.Hyperlipidemic mice and normal mice were assigned to 3 groups which were separately treated with L.plantarum CAI6,L.plantarum SC4,and physiological saline through oral gavage for 28 d.Total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) levels were measured by commercially available enzyme kits.FACS Calibur flow cytometry was used to examine hepatic and renal nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) expression.The morphology of livers was checked by hematoxylin and eosin staining and optical microscope observation.RESULTS:Compared with normal mice,hyperlipidemic mice possessed significantly higher TC(3.50 ± 0.43 vs 2.89 ± 0.36,P < 0.01),TG(1.76 ± 0.07 vs 1.10 ± 0.16,P < 0.01),and LDL-C(1.72 ± 0.20 vs 0.82 ± 0.10,P < 0.01) levels,resulting in an increase of atherogenic index(AI)(2.34 ± 1.60 vs 0.93 ± 0.55,P < 0.05) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio(1.43 ± 0.12 vs 0.51 ± 0.16,P < 0.05).After treatment with L.plantarum CAI6/L.plantarum SC4,TG(1.43 ± 0.27/1.54 ± 0.10 vs 1.76 ± 0.07,P < 0.01/P < 0.05) and LDL-C(1.42 ± 0.07/1.47 ± 0.12 vs 1.72 ± 0.20,P < 0.01/P < 0.01) in hyperlipidemic mice significantly decreased.In addition,TC,HDL-C,AI,and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were all positively changed.Meanwhile,the treatment markedly alleviated hepatic steatosis and significantly stimulated Nrf2 expression(73.79 ± 0.80/72.96 ± 1.22 vs 54.94 ± 1.84,P < 0.01/P < 0.01) in hepatocytes of hyperlipidemic mice.CONCLUSION:L.plantarum CAI6 and L.plantarum SC4 may protect against cardiovascular disease by lipid metabolism regulation and Nrf2-induced antioxidative defense in hyperlipidemic mice.
文摘AIM： To investigate if the nucleoside analogue lamivudine （LAM）, a potent inhibitor of HBV replication, could restore the function of dendritic cells derived from patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB） in an Asian population.METHODS： Dendritic cells （DCs） derived from mononuclearcytes of patients with chronic HBV infection were cultured in the presence of IL-4, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factors （GM-CSF） and gradient concentrations of LAM （0-2 mmol/L）. Cell morphology was observed under light microscopy. Cell surface molecules, including HI_A-DR, CD80, CD83, and CDla, were analyzed with flow cytometry. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-12 in the supernatant were assayed by ELISA. T cell proliferation was assayed by methyl thiazoM tetrazolium （MTT）.RESULTS： The expression of CDlα on DC treated with 0.5 mmol/L LAM （LAM-DC 0.5 mmol/L） was significantly higher than that of DC untreated with LAM （54.1 ± 4.21 vs 33.57 ± 3.14, P 〈 0.05）, and so was the expression of CD83 （20.24 ± 2.51 vs 12.83 ± 2.12, P 〈 0.05） as well as the expression of HLA-DR （74.5 ± 5.16 vs 52.8 ± 2.51, P 〈 0.05）. Compared with control group, LAM-DC group （0.5 mmol/L） secreted significantly more IL-12 （910 ± 91.5 vs 268 ± 34.3 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05）, had lower levels of IL-6 in the culture supernatant （28 ± 2.6 vs 55 ± 7.36 pg/mL, P 〈 0.05）, markedly enhanced the stimulatory capacity in the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction （MLR） （1.87 ± 0.6 vs 1.24 ± 0.51, P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： The lower expression of phenotypic molecules and impaired allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction function of dendritic cells derived from patients with HBV infection could be restored in vitro by incubation with LAM.
基金Projects(5080211550721003)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006CB600901)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘With liquid petrol gas(LPG)as carbon source,carbon felt as porous perform and hydrogen as diluent,C/C composites were fast fabricated by using a multi-physics field chemical vapor infiltration(MFCVI)process in a self-made furnace.A set of orthogonal experiments were carried out to optimize parameters in terms of indices of density and graphitization degree.The results show the optimal indices can be achieved under the conditions of temperature 650℃,LPGconcentration 80%,gas flux 60 mL/s, total pressure 20 kPa,infiltration time 15 h.The verification experiment proves the effectiveness of the orthogonal experiments. Under the optimal conditions,the graphitization degree of 75%and bulk density of 1.69 g/cm are achieved with a uniform density distribution.At the same time,a new structure is obtained.
基金Supported by a grant from the American College of Gastroenterology
文摘AIM： To investigate whether a fuzzy logic model could predict colorectal cancer （CRC） risk engendered by smoking in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） patients. METHODS： Three hundred and forty HNPCC mismatch repair （MMR） mutation carriers from the Creighton University Hereditary Cancer Institute Registry were selected for modeling. Age-dependent curves were generated to elucidate the joint effects between gene mutation （hMLH1 or hMSH2）, gender, and smoking status on the probability of developing CRC. RESULTS： Smoking significantly increased CRC risk in male hMSH2 mutation carriers （P 〈 0.05）. hMLH1 mutations augmented CRC risk relative to hMSH2 mutation carriers for males （P 〈 0.05）. Males had a significantly higher risk of CRC than females for hMLH1 non smokers （P 〈 0.05）, hMLH1 smokers （P 〈 0.1） and hMSH2 smokers （P 〈 0.1）. Smoking promoted CRC in a dose-dependent manner in hMSH2 in males （P 〈 0.05）. Females with hMSH2 mutations and both sexes with the hMLH1 groups only demonstrated a smoking effect after an extensive smoking history （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： CRC promotion by smoking in HNPCC patients is dependent on gene mutation, gender and age. These data demonstrate that fuzzy modeling may enable formulation of clinical risk scores, thereby allowing individualization of CRC prevention strategies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40506026,40876083,40631008)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q07-01)the National Basic Research Priorities Program (No. 2006CB400606)
文摘We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom （HAB）. Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae, zooplankton, fish, and bivalve （Mytilus edulis） in laboratory. The result shows that sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of algal species selectively. Among three algae species selected, Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis was promoted with increasing sophorolipid concentration; Isochrysis galbana was inhibited seven days later in sophorolipid concentration below 40 mg/L; and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima was inhibited obviously in only a high sophorolipid concentration over 20 mg/L. Therefore, sophorolipid in a low concentration at 〈20 mg/L could remove certain harmful algae species effectivelywithout harming other non-harmful microalgae. For other animals, sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of ciliate Strombidium sp. by 50% at 20 mg/L sophorolipid concentration after 96 h. The concentration in 96-h LC50 for Calanus sinicus, Neomysis awatschensis, Lateolabrax japonicus, and Paralichthys olivaceus was 15, 150, 60, and 110 mg/L, respectively. The 24 h LC50 value for Arternia salina was 600 mg/L. The relative clearance rate of mussel Mytilus edulis decreased to 80%, 40%, and 20% of the control group after being exposed to 20, 50, and 100 mg/L sophorolipid for 24 h. Therefore, the toxicity for mitigation of harmful algae bloom at previously recommended concentration of 5-20 mg/L sophorolipid is low for most tested organisms in this reaserch.
文摘The effect of Epimedium extract （EE） on erythrocytes was investigated by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The images of the surface structures showed clear concave and progressive increase of surface roughness of erythrocyte after incubation with EE at concentration of 0.2 or 0.05 g/L, far below its critical hemolytic levels. The AFM results also indicated that the granules of the fine surface structure increased, which caused by aggregation of membrane protein. Further study showed that the change in surface topography of erythrocyte membrane might be connected with the increase of intracellular free Ca^2＋ induced by EE.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.51579106)financial support from the China Scholarship Council(No.201806150070)
文摘Nitrogen in pond sediments is a major water quality concern and can impact the productivity of aquaculture.Dissolved oxygen is an important factor for improving water quality and boosting fish growth in aquaculture ponds,and plays an important role in the conversion of ammonium-nitrogen(NH4-N)to nitrite-nitrogen(NO2--N)and eventually nitrate-nitrogen(NO3--N).A central goal of the study was to identify the best aeration method and strategy for improving water quality in aquaculture ponds.We conducted an experiment with six tanks,each with a different aeration mode to simulate the behavior of aquaculture ponds.The results show that a 36 hr aeration interval(Tc=36 hr:36 hr)and no aeration resulted in high concentrations of NH4-N in the water column.Using a 12 hr interval time(Tc=12 hr:12 hr)resulted in higher NO2--N and NO3--N concentrations than any other aeration mode.Results from an 8 hr interval time(Tc=8 hr:8 hr)and 24 hr interval time(Tc=24 hr:24 hr)were comparable with those of continuous aeration,and had the benefit of being in use for only half of the time,consequently reducing energy consumption.
基金Supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2016YFD0501402)
文摘In order to enhance the biomethane production from corn stover, choosing effective pretreatment is one of the necessary steps before starting anaerobic digestion(AD).This study was aimed to analyze the effectiveness of freezing–thawing with ammonia pretreatment on substance degradation and AD performance of corn stover.Three ammonia concentrations(2%, 4%, and 6%) with two different moisture contents(50% and 70%) were used to pretreat the corn stover at two temperatures(-20 ℃ and 20 ℃).The result showed that an optimum pretreatment condition for corn stover was at the temperature of -20 ℃, moisture content of 70% and ammonia concentration of 2%.Under the optimum pretreatment condition, the maximum biomethane yield reached 261 ml·(g VS)^(-1), which was 41.08% higher than that of the untreated.Under different pretreatment conditions,the highest loss of lignin at -20 ℃ with 2% ammonia concentration was 63.36% compared with the untreated.The buffer capacity of AD system was also improved after the freezing–thawing with ammonia pretreatment.Therefore, the freezing–thawing with ammonia pretreatment can be used to improve AD performance for corn stover.This study provides further insight for exploring an efficient freezing–thawing with ammonia pretreatment strategy to enhance AD performance for the practical application.
基金Supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (21125628)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA03A611)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (DUT11ZD112)
文摘This paper reports experimental and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) studies on the performance of microfiltration enhanced by a helical screw insert.The experimental results show that the use of turbulence pro-moter can improve the permeate flux of membrane in the crossflow microfiltration of calcium carbonate suspension,and flux improvement efficiency is strongly influenced by operation conditions.The energy consumption analysis indicates that the enhanced membrane system is more energy saving at higher feed concentrations.To explore the intrinsic mechanism of flux enhancement by a helical screw insert,three-dimensional CFD simulation of fluid flow was implemented.It reveals that hydrodynamic characteristics of fluid flow inside the channel are entirely changed by the turbulence promoter.The rotational flow pattern increases the scouring effect on the tube wall,reducing the particle deposition on the membrane surface.The absence of stagnant regions and high wall shear stress are respon-sible for the enhanced filtration performance.No secondary flow is generated in the channel,owing to the streamline shape of helical screw insert,so that the enhanced performance is achieved at relatively low energy consumption.
文摘Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with integrated moving-window (MW) waveband screening was applied to the discriminant analysis of liquor brands with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Luzhou Laojiao, a popular liquor with strong fragrant flavor, was used as the identified liquor brand (160 samples, negative, 52 vol alcoholicity). Liquors of 10 other brands with strong fragrant flavor were used as the interferential brands (200 samples, positive, 52 vol alcoholicity). The Kennard-Stone algorithm was used for the division of modeling samples to achieve uniformity and representativeness. Based on the MW-PLS-DA, a simplified optimal model set with 157 wavebands was further proposed. This set contained five types of wavebands corresponding to the NIR absorption bands of water, ethanol, and other micronutrients (i.e., acids, aldehydes, phenols, and aromatic compounds) in liquor for practical choice. Using five selected simple models with 4775 - 4239, 7804 - 6569, 6264 - 5844, 9435 - 7896, and 12066 - 10373 cm-1, the validation recognition rates were obtained as 99.3% or higher. Results show good prediction performance and low model complexity, and also provided a valuable reference for designing small dedicated instruments. The proposed method is a promising tool for large-scale inspection of liquor food safety.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province of China(Nos.2014A020213016,2014A020212445)the University-enterprise Joint Research Project"Intelligent detection network technology joint research centre"(No.40115031).
文摘We applied near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy with chemometrics for the rapid and reagent-fee analysis of serum urea nitrogen(SUN).The modeling is based on the average effect of multiple sample partitions to achieve parameter selection with stability.A multiparameter optimization platform with Norris derivative filter-partial least squares(Norris-PLS)was developed to select the most suitable mode(d=2,s=33,g=15).Using equidistant combination PLS(EC-PLS)with four parameters(initial wavelength I,number of wavelengths N,number of wavelength gaps G and latent variables LV),we performed wavelength screening after eliminating high-absorption wavebands.The optimal EC-PLS parameters were I=1228 nm,N=26,G=16 and LV=12.The root-mean square error(SEP),correlation coefficient(R_(p))for prediction and ratio of performance-to-deviation(RPD)for validation were 1.03 mmol L^(-1),0.992 and 7.6,respectively.We proposed the wavelength step-by-step phase-out PLS(WSP-PLS)to remove redun-dant wavelengths in the top 100 EC-PLS models with improved prediction performance.The combination of 19 wavelengths was identifed as the optimal model for SUN.The SEP,Rp and RPD in validation were 1.01 mmol L^(-1),0.992 and 7.7,respectively.The prediction effect and wavelength complexity were better than those of EC-PIS.Our results showed that NIR spectroscopy combined with the EC-PLS and WSP-PLS methods enabled the high-precision analysis ofSUN.WSP-PLS is a secondary optimization method that can further optimize any wavelength moc odel obtained through other continuous or discrete strategies to establish a simple and better model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40830640)the Plan for Innovation of Graduate Students of Jiangsu province (CX09B_168Z)
文摘A projection pursuit cluster（PPC） model was used to analyze the regional partitioning of agricultural non-point source pollution in China.The environmental factors impacting the agricultural non-point source pollution were compiled into a projection index to set up the projection index function.A novel optimization algorithm called Free search（FS） was introduced to optimize the projection direction of the PPC model.By making the appropriate improvements as we explored the use of the algorithm,it became simpler,and developed better exploration abilities.Thus,the multi-factor problem was converted into a single-factor cluster,according to the projection,which successfully avoided subjective disturbance and produced objective results.The cluster results of the PPC model mirror the actual regional partitioning of the agricultural non-point source pollution in China,indicating that the PPC model is a powerful tool in multi-factor cluster analysis,and could be a new method for the regional partitioning of agricultural non-point source pollution.
基金funded by US Department of Energy,BER(DE-SC0014395 to DPS)a USDA-NIFA Grant (2021-67021-34417)the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station through the Hatch Act Capacity Funding Program (1011130) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture。
文摘Screening for drought tolerance is critical to ensure high biomass production of bioenergy sorghum in arid or semi-arid environments. The bottleneck in drought tolerance selection is the challenge of accurately predicting biomass for a large number of genotypes. Although biomass prediction by lowaltitude remote sensing has been widely investigated on various crops, the performance of the predictions are not consistent, especially when applied in a breeding context with hundreds of genotypes. In some cases, biomass prediction of a large group of genotypes benefited from multimodal remote sensing data;while in other cases, the benefits were not obvious. In this study, we evaluated the performance of single and multimodal data(thermal, RGB, and multispectral) derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) for biomass prediction for drought tolerance assessments within a context of bioenergy sorghum breeding. The biomass of 360 sorghum genotypes grown under well-watered and water-stressed regimes was predicted with a series of UAV-derived canopy features, including canopy structure, spectral reflectance, and thermal radiation features. Biomass predictions using canopy features derived from the multimodal data showed comparable performance with the best results obtained with the single modal data with coefficients of determination(R2) ranging from 0.40 to 0.53 under water-stressed environment and0.11 to 0.35 under well-watered environment. The significance in biomass prediction was highest with multispectral followed by RGB and lowest with the thermal sensor. Finally, two well-recognized yieldbased drought tolerance indices were calculated from ground truth biomass data and UAV predicted biomass, respectively. Results showed that the geometric mean productivity index outperformed the yield stability index in terms of the potential for reliable predictions by the remotely sensed data.Collectively, this study demonstrated a promising strategy for the use of different UAV-based imaging sensors to quantify yield-based drought tolerance.
基金Projects(51102026,51272032) supported by the Program for the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11A014) supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education DepartmentProject supported by the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Instituions of Hunan Province,China
文摘The mesoporous Ti O2 has been synthesized by evaporation induced self assembly(EISA) method. The thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric(TG/DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) and N2 adsorption desorption and adsorption are used to study the effects of the synthesized process condition on the microstructure of the as-synthesized mesoporous Ti O2. The photocatalytic performances of as-synthesized samples are evaluated by the degradation of the formaldehyde under ultraviolet light irradiations. The results demonstrate that the as-synthesized mesoporous Ti O2 are anatase with the uniform size about 20-40 nm. The sample is prepared using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) as the template with average pore size distribution of 8.12 nm, specific surface area of 68.47 m2/g and pore volume of 0.213 m L/g. The samples show decomposition of formaldehyde 95.8% under ultraviolet light irradiations for 90 min. These results provide a basic experimental process for preparation mesoporous Ti O2, which will posses a broad prospect in terms of the applications in improving indoor air quality.
文摘Lactic acid is an important organic acid that is widely used in the food,pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industries.Lactic acid was produced from coffee ground waste which contains fermentable sugars and is increasingly generated from our daily dietary life.Among 114 strains of Lactobacillus species,Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863 was selected for the production of lactic acid from coffee ground waste.Through alkali pretreatment and saccharification,cellulose and hemicellulose in coffee ground waste were converted into fermentable sugars.Pretreatment experiments were conducted at various alkali solution,concentrations,and times.Alkali pretreatment with 35 g/L of KOH at 121oC for 60 min,the highest concentration of fermentable sugars was produced.The optimum concentration of Viscozyme L was 2%when saccharification was proceeded at 55oC for 7 days.The productivity of lactic acid fermentation was the highest(0.59 g/L/h)at 100 g of coffee ground waste(1x concentration),whereas the lactic acid concentration was the highest at 600 g of coffee ground waste(6x concentration).As the concentration of coffee ground increased,the lactic acid concentration was also increased,however,the amount was not proportional to the coffee ground waste used.In this study,it was found that coffee ground waste could be used as a culture medium for Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863 through pretreatment and saccharification for the production of lactic acid.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31830017)Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB27030207)+1 种基金the Hainan Excellent Talent TeamState Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics (SKLPG2023-22)
文摘The phytohormone auxin plays crucial roles in nearly every aspect of plant growth and development.Auxin signaling is activated through the phytohormone-induced proteasomal degradation of the Auxin/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID(Aux/IAA)family of transcriptional repressors.Notably,many auxin-modulated physiological processes are also regulated by nitric oxide(NO)that executes its biological effects predominantly through protein S-nitrosylation at specific cysteine residues.However,little is known about the molecular mechanisms in regulating the interactive NO and auxin networks.Here,we show that NO represses auxin signaling by inhibiting IAA17 protein degradation.NO induces the S-nitrosylation of Cys-70 located in the intrinsically disordered region of IAA17,which inhibits the TIR1-IAA17 interaction and consequently the proteasomal degradation of IAA17.The accumulation of a higher level of IAA17 attenuates auxin response.Moreover,an IAA17^(C70W)nitrosomimetic mutation renders the accumulation of a higher level of the mutated protein,thereby causing partial resistance to auxin and defective lateral root development.Taken together,these results suggest that S-nitrosylation of IAA17 at Cys-70 inhibits its interaction with TIR1,thereby negatively regulating auxin signaling.This study provides unique molecular insights into the redox-based auxin signaling in regulating plant growth and development.
基金the Science and Tech-nology Project of Guangdong Province of China,(Nos.2014A020213016 and 2014A020212445)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou of China(No.2011Y5-00002).
文摘Teicoplanin(TCP)is an important lipoglycopeptide antibiotic produced by fermenting Acti-noplanes teichomyceticus.The change in TCP concentration is important to measure in the fermentation process.In this study,a reagent-free and rapid quantification method for TCP in the TCP-Tris-HCl mixture samples was developed using near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy by focusing our attention on the fermentation process for TCP.The absorbance optimization(AO)partial least squares(PLS)was proposed and integrated with the moving window(MW)PLS,which is called AO-MW-PLS method,to select appropriate wavebands.Amodel set that includes various wavebands that were equivalent to the optimal AO-MW-PLS waveband was,proposed based on statistical considerations.The public region of all equivalent wavebands was just one of the equivalent wavebands.The obtained public regions were 1540-1868 nm for TCP and 1114-1310 nm for Tris.The root-mean-square error and correlation coeficient for leave-one-out cross validation were 0.046 mg mL^(-1)and 0.9998 mg mL^(-1)for TCP,and 0.235 mg mL^(-1)and 0.9986 mg mL^(-1)for Tris,respectively.All the models achieved highly accurate prediction effects,and the selected wavebands provided valuable references for designing specialized spectrometers.This study provided a valuable reference for further application of the proposed methods to TCP fermentation broth and to other spectroscopic analysis fields.
基金Supported by Natural Science Study Fund from the Department of Education of Henan(2010B610002)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the relationship between water body Chlorophyll-a and water quality factors of wetlands Baiguishan reservoir.[Method] Chlorophyll-a and water quality factors of water quality of Wetlands BaiGuishan Reservoir was studied,the analysis of the relationship on water quality of Wetlands Baiguishan Reservoir was made by use of trophic status indices and SPSS17.0 statistical analysis.[Result] Total phosphorus was an important factor of influence Chlorophyll-a in reservoir,water body had slight eutrophication phenomenon in reservoir of July to October in 2010.[Conclusion] Comprehensive management should be strengthened so as to improve the water quality of Baiguishan wetland.
