Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules form...Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules formation mechanism is conserved across species,from yeast to mammals,and they play a critical role in minimizing cellular damage during stress.Composed of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes,stress granules are enriched not only in mRNAs but also in noncoding RNAs and various proteins,including translation initiation factors and RNA-binding proteins.Genetic mutations affecting stress granule assembly and disassembly can lead to abnormal stress granule accumulation,contributing to the progression of several diseases.Recent research indicates that stress granule dynamics are pivotal in determining their physiological and pathological functions,with acute stress granule formation offering protection and chronic stress granule accumulation being detrimental.This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of stress granules under diverse physiological conditions,such as regulation of mRNA transport,mRNA translation,apoptosis,germ cell development,phase separation processes that govern stress granule formation,and their emerging implications in pathophysiological scenarios,such as viral infections,cancer,neurodevelopmental disorders,neurodegeneration,and neuronal trauma.展开更多
ABSTRACT Melt electrowriting(MEW)enables the precise deposition of polymeric fibers at micro-/nanoscale,allowing for the fabrication of 3D biomimetic scaffolds.By incorporating stimuli-responsive polymers and/or funct...ABSTRACT Melt electrowriting(MEW)enables the precise deposition of polymeric fibers at micro-/nanoscale,allowing for the fabrication of 3D biomimetic scaffolds.By incorporating stimuli-responsive polymers and/or functional fillers,MEW-based 4D printing creates scaffolds capable of undergoing controlled,reversible shape transformations in response to external stimuli over time.These dynamic 4D scaffolds can be tailored for minimally invasive delivery,remote actuation,and real-time responsiveness to physiological environments,making them highly relevant for biomedical applications.This review systematically elucidates the principles of MEW-based 4D printing,including material considerations,actuation methods,and structure design strategies,along with shape programming and morphing mechanisms.The versatility of MEW for rational fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds is firstly introduced.Subsequently,the critical elements underpinning MEW-based 4D printing process are overviewed,including an analysis of stimuli-responsive materials compatible with MEW,an evaluation of applicable external stimuli,and a discussion on the advancements in design strategies for 4D scaffolds.Recent progress of MEW 4D scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering,biomedical implants,and drug delivery systems are highlighted.Finally,key challenges and perspectives toward material innovation,fabrication optimization,and actuation control are discussed.This review aims to provide valuable insights for design and creation of multifunctional biomimetic dynamic scaffolds by MEW-based 4D printing.展开更多
Several studies report the problem of cardiovascular tolerance of treatments with neuroleptics, given the important number of morbidities in patients with mental illnesses. This preliminary work aimed to describe the ...Several studies report the problem of cardiovascular tolerance of treatments with neuroleptics, given the important number of morbidities in patients with mental illnesses. This preliminary work aimed to describe the epidemiological and biological profile of patients taking neuroleptics and followed in the psychiatry department of Brazzaville University Hospital, from the angle of cardiovascular risk. Fifty (50) patients (17 men and 33 women), with a mean age of 33.9 10.7 years, were included. Epidemiological data (sex, age, tobacco or alcohol consumption) were collected on pre-established survey forms. Biochemical (total cholesterol, HDL-c, triglycerides and atherogenicity index) and inflammatory parameters (ultra-sensitive CRP, troponin I and NT-ProBNP) were investigated using enzymatic and indirect immunofluorescence technical, respectively. The results obtained showed that 54% of patients were obese, 94% were non-smokers, and 12% had high blood pressure. 10% of patients had high total cholesterol levels and 90% had HDL cholesterol levels below 60 mg/dl. Triglycerides and atherogenicity index were significantly elevated in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI). Ultrasensitive CRP was elevated in 38% of patients. In conclusion, this study revealed an association between lipid parameters (triglycerides and atherogenicity index) in relation to BMI in patients taking neuroleptics followed in the Psychiatry Department of University Hospital Center of Brazzaville.展开更多
Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease is extremely challenging,as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-βcascade hypothesis.More r...Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease is extremely challenging,as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-βcascade hypothesis.More recently,advances in the development of Lecanemab,an anti-amyloid-βmonoclonal antibody,have shown positive results in reducing brain A burden and slowing cognitive decline in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease in the Phase Ⅲ clinical trial(Clarity Alzheimer’s disease).Despite these promising results,side effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities(ARIA)may limit its usage.ARIA can manifest as ARIA-E(cerebral edema or effusions)and ARIA-H(microhemorrhages or superficial siderosis)and is thought to be caused by increased vascular permeability due to inflammatory responses,leading to leakages of blood products and protein-rich fluid into brain parenchyma.Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease,and the blood-brain barrier becomes increasingly leaky as the disease progresses.In addition,APOE4,the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease,is associated with higher vascular amyloid burden,increased ARIA incidence,and accelerated blood-brain barrier disruptions.These interconnected vascular abnormalities highlight the importance of vascular contributions to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.Here,we will closely examine recent research evaluating the heterogeneity of brain endothelial cells in the microvasculature of different brain regions and their relationships with Alzheimer’s disease progression.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To summarize the biological characteristics of neural stem cells, and the separation, purification. differentiation and source of neural stem cells. DATA SOURCES ： An online search of Pubmed database was ...OBJECTIVE： To summarize the biological characteristics of neural stem cells, and the separation, purification. differentiation and source of neural stem cells. DATA SOURCES ： An online search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify English articles about the growth of neural stem cells in vitro published from January 2000 to October 2006 by using the keywords of ＂neural stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs）, umbilical cord blood stem cells, embryonic stem cells （ESC）, separation methods, neural growth factor＂. And relevant articles published in IEEE/IEE Electronic Library （IEL） database, Springer Link database and Kluwer Online Journals were also searched, Chinese relevant articles published between January 2000 to October 2006 were searched with the same keywords in Chinese in Chinese journal full-text database. STUDY SELECTION ： The articles were primarily screened, and then the full-texts were searched. Inclusive criteria： （1） Articles relevant to the biological characteristics and classification of neural stem cells; （2） Articles about the source, separation and differentiation of the ESCs, BMSCs and umbilical cord blood stem cells. The repetitive studies and reviews were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION ： Thirty articles were selected from 203 relevant articles according to the inclusive criteria Articles were excluded because of repetition and reviews. DATA SYNTHESES ： Neural stem cells have the ability of self-renewing and high differentiation, and they are obtained from ESCs, nerve tissue, nerve system, BMSCs and umbilical cord blood stem cells. ESCs can be separated by means of mechanical dissociation is better than that of the trypsin digestion, BMSCs by density gradient centrifuge separation, hemolysis, whole-blood culture, etc., and umbilical cord blood stem ceils by Ficoil density gradient centrifugation, hydroxyethyl starch （HES） centrifugation sedimentation, etc. Neural growth factor （NGF） and other factors play an important role in the growth of NSCs, such as transforming growth factor （TGF） is an important player in repairing organs, NGF accelerates the process of growth, insulin-like growth factor serves importantly in the differentiation of stem cells into neuron-like cells. CONCLUSION ： As unipotent stem cells, NSCs have the abilities of self-renewal and potential of high differentiation. The method of mechanical dissociation is better than trypsin digestion in e separating ESCs. However, density gradient centrifuge separation is better than other methods in the separation of the BMSCs. NGF and other factors play an important role in the growth of NSCs.展开更多
We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species wi...We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria （DUI）. We review all the available data on rphm21 transcription and translation, analyze in detail its female counterpart, RPHF22, discuss the homology with RPHM21, the putative function and origin, and analyze their polymorphism. The available evidence is compatible with a viral origin of RPHM21 and supports its activity during spermatogenesis. RPHM21 is progressively accumulated in mitochondria and nuclei of spermatogenic cells, and we hypothesize it can influence mitochondrial inheritance and sex- ual differentiation. We propose a testable model that describes how the acquisition of selfish fea- tures by a mitochondrial lineage might have been responsible for the emergence of DUI, and for the evolution of separate sexes （gonochorism） from hermaphroditism. The appearance of DUI most likely entailed the invasion of at least 1 selfish element, and the extant DUI systems can be seen as resolved conflicts. It was proposed that hermaphroditism was the ancestral condition of bivalves, and a correlation between DUI and gonochorism was documented. We hypothesize that DUI might have driven the shift from hermaphroditism to gonochorism, with androdioecy as transi- tion state. The invasion of sex-ratio distorters and the evolution of suppressors can prompt rapid changes among sex-determination mechanisms, and DUI might have been responsible for one of such changes in some bivalve species. If true, DUI would represent the first animal sex-determination system involving mtDNA-encoded proteins.展开更多
Field trials on the management of soil biological fertility with aim to increasing corn production were conducted in a savannah region of the DR-Congo. Three organic matters including fresh biomass of Entada abyssinic...Field trials on the management of soil biological fertility with aim to increasing corn production were conducted in a savannah region of the DR-Congo. Three organic matters including fresh biomass of Entada abyssinica, Tithonia diversifolia, Stylosanthes gracilis and a mineral combination of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) (115-63-0) along with a control (without fertilization) were evaluated for corn crop growth and production. The field trial was a completely randomized design with four replicates. Plant height, basal stem diameter, and yield components were assessed. Irrespective of fertilization treatments and variety, maize showed a similar growth up to 20 days after sowing (DAS), and then two distinct trends were observed. At 60 DAS, plant height and basal diameter were significantly bigger in plots treated with NP, T. diversifolia and E. abyssinica compared to S. gracilis treatment and control (NoF). This pattern was also confirmed with agronomic traits such as cob length, number of kernel per cob, and net grain yield. The local variety was the least productive under any treatment. In general, the response of corn crop to organic and inorganic fertilization showed that the mineral combination (NP) increased the most grain yield and other yield components compared to unfertilized trial, followed by T. divessifolia and E. abyssinica. NP and T. diversifolia treatments increased significantly and equally soil potassium content compared to control and other treatments. Application of T. diversifolia appears a more cost effective approach for small farmers to improving fertility of the oxisol prevailing in Central Africa compared to mineral fertilizers.展开更多
Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and atrophy.The genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment...Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and atrophy.The genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene therapies.SMA was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between individuals.Now,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice versa.Additionally,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.展开更多
Sustaining a reliable and contaminant-free drinking water is becoming an increasing challenge worldwide due to human activity, industrial waste, and agricultural overuse. Surface water is the main source of drinking w...Sustaining a reliable and contaminant-free drinking water is becoming an increasing challenge worldwide due to human activity, industrial waste, and agricultural overuse. Surface water is the main source of drinking water around the world. However, groundwater is also becoming increasingly popular, due to its clarity and minimal need for processing to reduce turbidity. Over the years, the demand and growth in the agricultural industry has also been the means of groundwater contamination. Due to the health burden that raw water can pose, water must be processed and purified prior to consumption. Raw water quality can be compromised by physical, chemical (heavy metals and disinfection by-products), and biological contaminants. Biological contaminants can significantly impact immunocompromised populations, while chemical contaminants can impact the growth and development of young children. Although obtaining a steady and high-quality water flow to the general population is an increasing challenge, developed countries have utilized state-of-the-art technologies and techniques to provide contaminant-free water to their citizens. This research aims to provide information about the regulatory parameters, characteristics, and sources of safe drinking water in the world as a model for future use in the developing world. In this, secondary data was used to compare and contrast drinking water quality among countries in the European Union, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. The data indicates that Ireland and the United Kingdom have relatively lower amounts of contaminants in their drinking water. Upon completing this research, it is recommended that countries desiring clean drinking water systems should initiate and invest in programs that control and protect treatment plants, water distribution systems, water sources, and catchments.展开更多
Meloidogyne incognita is a plant pathogen causing root-knot disease and loss of crop yield.The present study aimed to use Trichoderma harzianum as a biocontrol agent against plant-parasitic nematodes and used press mu...Meloidogyne incognita is a plant pathogen causing root-knot disease and loss of crop yield.The present study aimed to use Trichoderma harzianum as a biocontrol agent against plant-parasitic nematodes and used press mud,which is a solid waste by-product of sugarcane,as a biocontrol agent and biofertilizer.Therefore,the combined application of T.harzianum and press mud may enhance nematode control and plant growth.Elemental analysis of press mud using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)integrated with an Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX)analyzer revealed the presence of different elements such as C,O,Mg,Si,P,K,Ca,Cu and Zn.In addition,a greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of press mud and T.harzianum on M.incognita reproduction and growth and the biochemical features of Psoralea corylifolia.The results showed that plant length,dry biomass,leaf area,the number of seeds per plant,chlorophyll a,chl b,carotenoid content,nitrate reductase,carbonic anhydrase,and nitrogen content were significantly increased(P≤0.05)in the T2 plants(plants were treated with 100 g of press mud+50 mL T.harzianum before one week of M.incognita inoculation),over inoculated plants(IC).Antioxidant enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase(APX),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the foliage of P.corylifolia was significantly increased when plants were treated with press mud+T.harzianum.A significant reduction in the number of egg masses,nematode population,and root-knot index(RKI)was found in plants with T2 plants.These results suggest that the combined application of T.harzianum and press mud has the potential to control the M.incognita infection and can be used as an environmentally safe alternative to chemical nematicides and also help in the removal of sugarcane waste that causes environmental pollution.展开更多
Silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB) can play an efficient role in soil by solubilizing insoluble forms of silicates. In addition to this some SSB can also solubilize potassium and phosphates, hence increasing soil fe...Silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB) can play an efficient role in soil by solubilizing insoluble forms of silicates. In addition to this some SSB can also solubilize potassium and phosphates, hence increasing soil fertility and enhancing plant defense mechanisms. A total of 111 bacterial strains were isolated from various habitats of Pakistan and screened for solubilization of silicate, phosphate and potassium on respective media. Out of these, 35 bacterial isolates were capable of solubilizing either silicate, phosphate or potassium. Amongst these 7 bacterial isolates were capable of solubilizing all three minerals tested. The highest silicate (zone diameter 54 mm) and phosphate solubilization (zone diameter 55 mm) was observed for bacterial isolate NR-2 while the highest potassium solubilization was observed for NE-4b (zone diameter 11 mm). Dual culture antagonistic assays were carried out by using these bacterial isolates against four plant pathogenic fungi Magnaporthae grisae, Rhizoctonia solani, Altarnaria alternata and Macrophomina pheasolina. Mean zone of inhibition of these bacterial isolates against the four pathogenic fungi ranged between 4 mm to 39 mm. The largest zone of inhibition against all four bacterial strains was recorded for bacterial isolate NR-2 followed by NE-4b. These strains will be further investigated for their plant growth promoting activities in the future.展开更多
Greenhouse horticultural production currently represents an important and growing sector of Canada's food and plant production systems. Since 2006,the value of greenhouse vegetable crops in Canada exceeds that of ...Greenhouse horticultural production currently represents an important and growing sector of Canada's food and plant production systems. Since 2006,the value of greenhouse vegetable crops in Canada exceeds that of field grown crops,signaling an important shift in the way food is cultivated in the country. While many factors have contributed to this change,a major area of innovation includes the discoveries and advances made in the development of commercial greenhouse production systems as well as the integration of biological control strategies for sustainable pest management. With this focus,this review offers a brief overview of the Canadian greenhouse industry,including a descriptive list of commonly used biological control organisms,as well as the role Canadian research has played in the development of these agents. We also address the threats that Canadian greenhouse producers face by invasive pests and the complications these have created for the commercialization of novel biological control agents. This information may serve as a guide for the development of parallel technologies and tools in other parts of the world where greenhouse production is expanding.展开更多
Loss of ammonia-nitrogen to volatilization and the over application of phosphorus in agricultural wastewaters has led to excess phosphorus build up in topsoil and in surface waters. In order to increase the usable amo...Loss of ammonia-nitrogen to volatilization and the over application of phosphorus in agricultural wastewaters has led to excess phosphorus build up in topsoil and in surface waters. In order to increase the usable amount nitrogen in agricultural wastewaters, the wastewaters underwent a nitrogen treatment process consisting of a hanging basket biological filter. The filters utilized never before used biological growth media, rice hulls, to assist in the formation of a mature biofilms as the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. The filter design was used on a lab scale that treated both artificial wastewater and dairy parlor wastewater treated with a lime precipitation step for phosphorus treatment. The filters were tested to see if bio-fouling occurred in the filter media bed under high nitrogen loading, if the rice hulls could withstand an extended time frame as bacterial growth media, and to see if the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate would occur. A 50% reduction in ammonia occurred between 30 and 48 hrs in each trial with eventual nitrite oxidation reported in the final two trials. Statistical analysis preformed determined that the ammonia removal rates at the beginning of both the synthetic wastewater and dairy parlor wastewater ten-day tests were statistically similar, but varied toward the end of the trials.展开更多
China has the sixth-largest bee fauna with over 1,300 documented species.Yet countless more are expected,making taxonomic work an imperative.Here,we outline the history of bee taxonomy in China and discuss how best we...China has the sixth-largest bee fauna with over 1,300 documented species.Yet countless more are expected,making taxonomic work an imperative.Here,we outline the history of bee taxonomy in China and discuss how best we can move into the future and describe all of the many undescribed species remaining.Key challenges include the difficulty of accurately assigning species names due to overseas type material as well as a general need for increased internationalization such as in specimen and data sharing.Only with sustained funding for basic taxonomy will it be possible to know and protect China's unique bee fauna.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formu...BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formulas frequently used to treat GI disorders in East Asia.AIM To compare the effects of these herbal formulas on GI motility and investigate their mechanisms of action using a cold stress(CS)-induced dyspepsia mouse model.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CS by immersion in cold water(10±1℃)while being restrained in conical tubes for 1 hour.This procedure was repeated six times over 2 weeks.Herbal formulas or mosapride(positive control)were administered orally five times per week over a 2-week period.RESULTS The pre-test results revealed that CS,rather than restraint stress,significantly delayed gut motility in mice.However,PS and ST notably improved gastric emptying and intestinal transit,surpassing YT.Additionally,PS and ST significantly reduced gastric potential of hydrogen and increased pepsin and lipase gene expression compared to CS.The observed mechanisms likely involved increased gastric acidity and enhanced levels of digestive enzymes,such as pepsin and lipase.Furthermore,PS administration elevated GI hormone levels and metabolites related to the gut microbiota(5-hydroxytryptamine and short-chain fatty acid)more effectively than ST and YT treatments.CONCLUSION PS more effectively alleviated CS-induced GI dysfunction than both YT and ST.These comparative findings offer valuable insights for clinical applications in the treatment of cold-related digestive disorders.展开更多
Introduction: Haemolytic anaemia (HA) is defined as a decrease in haemoglobin (Hb) levels below baseline due to excessive and premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in the periphery resulting in a shortened l...Introduction: Haemolytic anaemia (HA) is defined as a decrease in haemoglobin (Hb) levels below baseline due to excessive and premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in the periphery resulting in a shortened life span of less than 120 days. Haemolysis can be corpuscular or extra-corpuscular. The aim of our study was to investigate the factors associated with it for optimal management of patients hospitalised in internal medicine at the Douala General Hospital (DGH). Methodology: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study, including all patients admitted to the internal medicine department of the DGH from 11 February to 20 May 2022, and excluding patients with non-compliant samples. The search for haemolytic anaemia was carried out by means of blood count, reticulocyte count, blood smear, unconjugated bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase and direct Coombs test. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological parameters were collected and analysed. Correlation was defined for a p value 0.05. Results: This study included 147 patients, 50.34% of whom were men, for a sex ratio of 1.01. The mean age was 52 ± 17.9 years. The most represented age group was 56 - 70 years (n = 49;33%) with extremes from 15 to 90 years. We counted 29.3% cases of haemolytic anaemia (HA) and 13.9% cases of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Haemolytic anaemia (HA) was present in 54.14% of men for a sex ratio of 1.38;the most represented age group was 40 - 55 years, 37.2%. HA was associated with jaundice (OR: 3.74, CI: [1.70 - 8.22], p = 0.001), HIV - AIDS (OR: 2.72, CI: [0.98 - 7.53], p = 0.05), thrombocytopaenia (OR: 3.53, CI: [1.58 - 7.89], p = 0.02). LDH was elevated (OR: 2.86, CI: [1.30 - 6.26], p = 0.00) as well as elevated reticulocyte count (OR: 3.84, CI: [1.75 - 8.44], p = 0.01). Unconjugated bilirubin was elevated in all these patients. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with HA were a history of HIV/AIDS, jaundice, thrombocytopaenia and elevated reticulocyte count. Conclusion: Hemolytic anaemia is common in internal medicine and is significantly associated with thrombocytopenia, HIV/AIDS infection and jaundice.展开更多
A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during ...A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.展开更多
Pyrola atropurpurea Franch is an important annual herbaceous plant.Few genomic analyses have been conducted on this plant,and chloroplast genome research will enrich its genomics basis.This study is based on high-thro...Pyrola atropurpurea Franch is an important annual herbaceous plant.Few genomic analyses have been conducted on this plant,and chloroplast genome research will enrich its genomics basis.This study is based on high-throughput sequencing technology and Bioinformatics methods to obtain the sequence,structure,and other characteristics of the P.atropurpurea chloroplast genome.The result showed that the chloroplast genome of P.atropurpurea has a double-stranded circular structure with a total length of 172,535 bp and a typical four-segment structure.The genome has annotated a total of 132 functional genes,including 43 tRNAs,8 rRNAs,76 protein-coding genes,and 5 pseudo-genes.In total,358 SSR loci were checked out,mainly composed of mononucleotide and trinucleotide repeat.There are three types of scattered repetitive sequences,totaling 4223,including 2452 forward repeats,1763 palindrome repeats,and eight reverse repeats.The optimal codon usage frequency is relatively high with AT usage preference in this genome.Chloroplast genome comparative analysis in the family Ericaceae shows that the overall sequence is more complex,and there are more variations in the gene interval region.The collinearity analysis indicated that there is a complex rearrangement of species between different genera in Ericaceae.The selection pressure analysis showed that the protein-encoding genes rpl33 and rps16 were positively selected among the seven medicinal plants in Ericaceae.The maximum likelihood tree shows that the genetic relationship among P.atropurpurea,Pyrola rotundifolia,and Chimaphila japonica is relatively close.Therefore,an important data basis was provided for species identification,genetic diversity,and phylogenetic studies of P.atropurpurea and even this genus of plants.展开更多
Quantitative analysis of colouration is an essential tool for subspecies delimitation but has always posed a challenge in avian taxonomy.In this study on the Chestnut-winged Babbler(Cyanoderma erythropterum)species co...Quantitative analysis of colouration is an essential tool for subspecies delimitation but has always posed a challenge in avian taxonomy.In this study on the Chestnut-winged Babbler(Cyanoderma erythropterum)species complex from tropical Southeast Asia,we made use of colour measurements taken with digital cameras and applied two methodologies—(1)the 75%subspecies rule on quantitative colourimetric variables,and(2)the CIEDE2000 colour distance method to generate phylograms,which has probably never been applied in taxonomy before.Given its large number of described subspecies,many of which have been synonymised in modern taxonomies,the species complex serves as an appropriate model to test subspecies validity.Our data indicate that one synonymised subspecies(C.e.apega),from the islands of Bangka and Belitung,requires re-instalment and recognition,whereas one widely recognised subspecies(C.e.fulviventre),from the Banyak Islands,should be synonymised.Our approach also allowed us to redraw geographic subspecies boundaries.Our work indicates that current subspecies taxonomies of many poorly known tropical species may remain error-ridden and highlights the importance and viability of large-scale taxonomic revisions targeting avian subspecies globally while incorporating quantitative colourimetric approaches.展开更多
This research was carried out to identify the most effective plant species for air purification based on environmental factors. The existence of plants beside roadways can be considered a more efficient approach to im...This research was carried out to identify the most effective plant species for air purification based on environmental factors. The existence of plants beside roadways can be considered a more efficient approach to improving air quality and minimizing pollution exposure. The samples for this research were collected from various sites across the streets of Jeddah governorate. The primary sources of air pollution in the research area are vehicle traffic and emissions from cars. Eight species were gathered from various streets in Jeddah governorate, namely, Azadirachta indica, Senna sulfurea, Ziziphus spina-christi, Cordia sebestena, Tecoma stans, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Conocarpus lancifolius, and Ixora coccinea. The leaves of the studied plants were analyzed for secondary compounds using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Gas-chromatographic analyses revealed that bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was found in every plant. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a widespread environmental pollutant. Moreover, Cordia sebestena was the sole plant that contained Phenol, 2,2’-methylenebis [6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl] which is part of the phenols category. Environmental conditions can affect the production of secondary metabolites. By tracking the concentrations of these substances, researchers can evaluate the well-being of ecosystems and identify pollution.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Merkin Peripheral Neuropathy and Nerve Regeneration Center(to PKS)the Rutgers University Startup Fund(to PKS).
文摘Stress granules are membraneless organelles that serve as a protective cellular response to external stressors by sequestering non-translating messenger RNAs(mRNAs)and regulating protein synthesis.Stress granules formation mechanism is conserved across species,from yeast to mammals,and they play a critical role in minimizing cellular damage during stress.Composed of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein complexes,stress granules are enriched not only in mRNAs but also in noncoding RNAs and various proteins,including translation initiation factors and RNA-binding proteins.Genetic mutations affecting stress granule assembly and disassembly can lead to abnormal stress granule accumulation,contributing to the progression of several diseases.Recent research indicates that stress granule dynamics are pivotal in determining their physiological and pathological functions,with acute stress granule formation offering protection and chronic stress granule accumulation being detrimental.This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of stress granules under diverse physiological conditions,such as regulation of mRNA transport,mRNA translation,apoptosis,germ cell development,phase separation processes that govern stress granule formation,and their emerging implications in pathophysiological scenarios,such as viral infections,cancer,neurodevelopmental disorders,neurodegeneration,and neuronal trauma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302422,12572342)Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement ENSIGN(101086226),NanoRam(101120146)and L4DNANO(101086227).
文摘ABSTRACT Melt electrowriting(MEW)enables the precise deposition of polymeric fibers at micro-/nanoscale,allowing for the fabrication of 3D biomimetic scaffolds.By incorporating stimuli-responsive polymers and/or functional fillers,MEW-based 4D printing creates scaffolds capable of undergoing controlled,reversible shape transformations in response to external stimuli over time.These dynamic 4D scaffolds can be tailored for minimally invasive delivery,remote actuation,and real-time responsiveness to physiological environments,making them highly relevant for biomedical applications.This review systematically elucidates the principles of MEW-based 4D printing,including material considerations,actuation methods,and structure design strategies,along with shape programming and morphing mechanisms.The versatility of MEW for rational fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds is firstly introduced.Subsequently,the critical elements underpinning MEW-based 4D printing process are overviewed,including an analysis of stimuli-responsive materials compatible with MEW,an evaluation of applicable external stimuli,and a discussion on the advancements in design strategies for 4D scaffolds.Recent progress of MEW 4D scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering,biomedical implants,and drug delivery systems are highlighted.Finally,key challenges and perspectives toward material innovation,fabrication optimization,and actuation control are discussed.This review aims to provide valuable insights for design and creation of multifunctional biomimetic dynamic scaffolds by MEW-based 4D printing.
文摘Several studies report the problem of cardiovascular tolerance of treatments with neuroleptics, given the important number of morbidities in patients with mental illnesses. This preliminary work aimed to describe the epidemiological and biological profile of patients taking neuroleptics and followed in the psychiatry department of Brazzaville University Hospital, from the angle of cardiovascular risk. Fifty (50) patients (17 men and 33 women), with a mean age of 33.9 10.7 years, were included. Epidemiological data (sex, age, tobacco or alcohol consumption) were collected on pre-established survey forms. Biochemical (total cholesterol, HDL-c, triglycerides and atherogenicity index) and inflammatory parameters (ultra-sensitive CRP, troponin I and NT-ProBNP) were investigated using enzymatic and indirect immunofluorescence technical, respectively. The results obtained showed that 54% of patients were obese, 94% were non-smokers, and 12% had high blood pressure. 10% of patients had high total cholesterol levels and 90% had HDL cholesterol levels below 60 mg/dl. Triglycerides and atherogenicity index were significantly elevated in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI). Ultrasensitive CRP was elevated in 38% of patients. In conclusion, this study revealed an association between lipid parameters (triglycerides and atherogenicity index) in relation to BMI in patients taking neuroleptics followed in the Psychiatry Department of University Hospital Center of Brazzaville.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82404892(to QY),82061160374(to ZZ)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao Special Administrative Region,China,Nos.0023/2020/AFJ,0035/2020/AGJ+2 种基金the University of Macao Research Grant,Nos.MYRG2022-00248-ICMS,MYRG-CRG2022-00010-ICMS(to MPMH)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2024A1515012818(to ZZ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.21623114(to ZZ).
文摘Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease is extremely challenging,as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-βcascade hypothesis.More recently,advances in the development of Lecanemab,an anti-amyloid-βmonoclonal antibody,have shown positive results in reducing brain A burden and slowing cognitive decline in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease in the Phase Ⅲ clinical trial(Clarity Alzheimer’s disease).Despite these promising results,side effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities(ARIA)may limit its usage.ARIA can manifest as ARIA-E(cerebral edema or effusions)and ARIA-H(microhemorrhages or superficial siderosis)and is thought to be caused by increased vascular permeability due to inflammatory responses,leading to leakages of blood products and protein-rich fluid into brain parenchyma.Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease,and the blood-brain barrier becomes increasingly leaky as the disease progresses.In addition,APOE4,the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease,is associated with higher vascular amyloid burden,increased ARIA incidence,and accelerated blood-brain barrier disruptions.These interconnected vascular abnormalities highlight the importance of vascular contributions to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.Here,we will closely examine recent research evaluating the heterogeneity of brain endothelial cells in the microvasculature of different brain regions and their relationships with Alzheimer’s disease progression.
文摘OBJECTIVE： To summarize the biological characteristics of neural stem cells, and the separation, purification. differentiation and source of neural stem cells. DATA SOURCES ： An online search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify English articles about the growth of neural stem cells in vitro published from January 2000 to October 2006 by using the keywords of ＂neural stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs）, umbilical cord blood stem cells, embryonic stem cells （ESC）, separation methods, neural growth factor＂. And relevant articles published in IEEE/IEE Electronic Library （IEL） database, Springer Link database and Kluwer Online Journals were also searched, Chinese relevant articles published between January 2000 to October 2006 were searched with the same keywords in Chinese in Chinese journal full-text database. STUDY SELECTION ： The articles were primarily screened, and then the full-texts were searched. Inclusive criteria： （1） Articles relevant to the biological characteristics and classification of neural stem cells; （2） Articles about the source, separation and differentiation of the ESCs, BMSCs and umbilical cord blood stem cells. The repetitive studies and reviews were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION ： Thirty articles were selected from 203 relevant articles according to the inclusive criteria Articles were excluded because of repetition and reviews. DATA SYNTHESES ： Neural stem cells have the ability of self-renewing and high differentiation, and they are obtained from ESCs, nerve tissue, nerve system, BMSCs and umbilical cord blood stem cells. ESCs can be separated by means of mechanical dissociation is better than that of the trypsin digestion, BMSCs by density gradient centrifuge separation, hemolysis, whole-blood culture, etc., and umbilical cord blood stem ceils by Ficoil density gradient centrifugation, hydroxyethyl starch （HES） centrifugation sedimentation, etc. Neural growth factor （NGF） and other factors play an important role in the growth of NSCs, such as transforming growth factor （TGF） is an important player in repairing organs, NGF accelerates the process of growth, insulin-like growth factor serves importantly in the differentiation of stem cells into neuron-like cells. CONCLUSION ： As unipotent stem cells, NSCs have the abilities of self-renewal and potential of high differentiation. The method of mechanical dissociation is better than trypsin digestion in e separating ESCs. However, density gradient centrifuge separation is better than other methods in the separation of the BMSCs. NGF and other factors play an important role in the growth of NSCs.
文摘We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria （DUI）. We review all the available data on rphm21 transcription and translation, analyze in detail its female counterpart, RPHF22, discuss the homology with RPHM21, the putative function and origin, and analyze their polymorphism. The available evidence is compatible with a viral origin of RPHM21 and supports its activity during spermatogenesis. RPHM21 is progressively accumulated in mitochondria and nuclei of spermatogenic cells, and we hypothesize it can influence mitochondrial inheritance and sex- ual differentiation. We propose a testable model that describes how the acquisition of selfish fea- tures by a mitochondrial lineage might have been responsible for the emergence of DUI, and for the evolution of separate sexes （gonochorism） from hermaphroditism. The appearance of DUI most likely entailed the invasion of at least 1 selfish element, and the extant DUI systems can be seen as resolved conflicts. It was proposed that hermaphroditism was the ancestral condition of bivalves, and a correlation between DUI and gonochorism was documented. We hypothesize that DUI might have driven the shift from hermaphroditism to gonochorism, with androdioecy as transi- tion state. The invasion of sex-ratio distorters and the evolution of suppressors can prompt rapid changes among sex-determination mechanisms, and DUI might have been responsible for one of such changes in some bivalve species. If true, DUI would represent the first animal sex-determination system involving mtDNA-encoded proteins.
文摘Field trials on the management of soil biological fertility with aim to increasing corn production were conducted in a savannah region of the DR-Congo. Three organic matters including fresh biomass of Entada abyssinica, Tithonia diversifolia, Stylosanthes gracilis and a mineral combination of nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) (115-63-0) along with a control (without fertilization) were evaluated for corn crop growth and production. The field trial was a completely randomized design with four replicates. Plant height, basal stem diameter, and yield components were assessed. Irrespective of fertilization treatments and variety, maize showed a similar growth up to 20 days after sowing (DAS), and then two distinct trends were observed. At 60 DAS, plant height and basal diameter were significantly bigger in plots treated with NP, T. diversifolia and E. abyssinica compared to S. gracilis treatment and control (NoF). This pattern was also confirmed with agronomic traits such as cob length, number of kernel per cob, and net grain yield. The local variety was the least productive under any treatment. In general, the response of corn crop to organic and inorganic fertilization showed that the mineral combination (NP) increased the most grain yield and other yield components compared to unfertilized trial, followed by T. divessifolia and E. abyssinica. NP and T. diversifolia treatments increased significantly and equally soil potassium content compared to control and other treatments. Application of T. diversifolia appears a more cost effective approach for small farmers to improving fertility of the oxisol prevailing in Central Africa compared to mineral fertilizers.
基金supported by the Faculty Research Fund(Faculty of Medicine&Health Science,Keele University)Career Development Award–(April 2022)(to SJB)。
文摘Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a genetic condition that results in selective lower motor neuron loss with concomitant muscle weakness and atrophy.The genetic cause of SMA was understood in 1995 when loss or impairment of the survival motor neuron 1(SMN1)gene was identified as the main contributing factor(Lefebvre et al.,1995).This,in combination with the discovery that humans have a“back-up”gene,SMN2,which can produce low levels(approximately 10%)of the full-length functional SMN protein,has led to the generation of SMA-specific gene therapies.SMA was traditionally classified according to age of symptom onset and developmental milestones achieved,with life expectancy and severity varying between individuals.Now,SMN2 copy number is used as a proxy for the prediction of disease severity,with higher SMN2 copy number typically being associated with reduced severity of SMA,although this relationship is not absolute:some individuals with low SMN2 copy number have less severe SMA phenotypes and vice versa.Additionally,the etiology of SMA is further complicated by other factors,such as non-typical nucleotide variants and SMN2-independent modifiers of disease severity.
文摘Sustaining a reliable and contaminant-free drinking water is becoming an increasing challenge worldwide due to human activity, industrial waste, and agricultural overuse. Surface water is the main source of drinking water around the world. However, groundwater is also becoming increasingly popular, due to its clarity and minimal need for processing to reduce turbidity. Over the years, the demand and growth in the agricultural industry has also been the means of groundwater contamination. Due to the health burden that raw water can pose, water must be processed and purified prior to consumption. Raw water quality can be compromised by physical, chemical (heavy metals and disinfection by-products), and biological contaminants. Biological contaminants can significantly impact immunocompromised populations, while chemical contaminants can impact the growth and development of young children. Although obtaining a steady and high-quality water flow to the general population is an increasing challenge, developed countries have utilized state-of-the-art technologies and techniques to provide contaminant-free water to their citizens. This research aims to provide information about the regulatory parameters, characteristics, and sources of safe drinking water in the world as a model for future use in the developing world. In this, secondary data was used to compare and contrast drinking water quality among countries in the European Union, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. The data indicates that Ireland and the United Kingdom have relatively lower amounts of contaminants in their drinking water. Upon completing this research, it is recommended that countries desiring clean drinking water systems should initiate and invest in programs that control and protect treatment plants, water distribution systems, water sources, and catchments.
文摘Meloidogyne incognita is a plant pathogen causing root-knot disease and loss of crop yield.The present study aimed to use Trichoderma harzianum as a biocontrol agent against plant-parasitic nematodes and used press mud,which is a solid waste by-product of sugarcane,as a biocontrol agent and biofertilizer.Therefore,the combined application of T.harzianum and press mud may enhance nematode control and plant growth.Elemental analysis of press mud using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)integrated with an Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX)analyzer revealed the presence of different elements such as C,O,Mg,Si,P,K,Ca,Cu and Zn.In addition,a greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of press mud and T.harzianum on M.incognita reproduction and growth and the biochemical features of Psoralea corylifolia.The results showed that plant length,dry biomass,leaf area,the number of seeds per plant,chlorophyll a,chl b,carotenoid content,nitrate reductase,carbonic anhydrase,and nitrogen content were significantly increased(P≤0.05)in the T2 plants(plants were treated with 100 g of press mud+50 mL T.harzianum before one week of M.incognita inoculation),over inoculated plants(IC).Antioxidant enzyme activity of ascorbate peroxidase(APX),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the foliage of P.corylifolia was significantly increased when plants were treated with press mud+T.harzianum.A significant reduction in the number of egg masses,nematode population,and root-knot index(RKI)was found in plants with T2 plants.These results suggest that the combined application of T.harzianum and press mud has the potential to control the M.incognita infection and can be used as an environmentally safe alternative to chemical nematicides and also help in the removal of sugarcane waste that causes environmental pollution.
文摘Silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB) can play an efficient role in soil by solubilizing insoluble forms of silicates. In addition to this some SSB can also solubilize potassium and phosphates, hence increasing soil fertility and enhancing plant defense mechanisms. A total of 111 bacterial strains were isolated from various habitats of Pakistan and screened for solubilization of silicate, phosphate and potassium on respective media. Out of these, 35 bacterial isolates were capable of solubilizing either silicate, phosphate or potassium. Amongst these 7 bacterial isolates were capable of solubilizing all three minerals tested. The highest silicate (zone diameter 54 mm) and phosphate solubilization (zone diameter 55 mm) was observed for bacterial isolate NR-2 while the highest potassium solubilization was observed for NE-4b (zone diameter 11 mm). Dual culture antagonistic assays were carried out by using these bacterial isolates against four plant pathogenic fungi Magnaporthae grisae, Rhizoctonia solani, Altarnaria alternata and Macrophomina pheasolina. Mean zone of inhibition of these bacterial isolates against the four pathogenic fungi ranged between 4 mm to 39 mm. The largest zone of inhibition against all four bacterial strains was recorded for bacterial isolate NR-2 followed by NE-4b. These strains will be further investigated for their plant growth promoting activities in the future.
文摘Greenhouse horticultural production currently represents an important and growing sector of Canada's food and plant production systems. Since 2006,the value of greenhouse vegetable crops in Canada exceeds that of field grown crops,signaling an important shift in the way food is cultivated in the country. While many factors have contributed to this change,a major area of innovation includes the discoveries and advances made in the development of commercial greenhouse production systems as well as the integration of biological control strategies for sustainable pest management. With this focus,this review offers a brief overview of the Canadian greenhouse industry,including a descriptive list of commonly used biological control organisms,as well as the role Canadian research has played in the development of these agents. We also address the threats that Canadian greenhouse producers face by invasive pests and the complications these have created for the commercialization of novel biological control agents. This information may serve as a guide for the development of parallel technologies and tools in other parts of the world where greenhouse production is expanding.
文摘Loss of ammonia-nitrogen to volatilization and the over application of phosphorus in agricultural wastewaters has led to excess phosphorus build up in topsoil and in surface waters. In order to increase the usable amount nitrogen in agricultural wastewaters, the wastewaters underwent a nitrogen treatment process consisting of a hanging basket biological filter. The filters utilized never before used biological growth media, rice hulls, to assist in the formation of a mature biofilms as the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. The filter design was used on a lab scale that treated both artificial wastewater and dairy parlor wastewater treated with a lime precipitation step for phosphorus treatment. The filters were tested to see if bio-fouling occurred in the filter media bed under high nitrogen loading, if the rice hulls could withstand an extended time frame as bacterial growth media, and to see if the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate would occur. A 50% reduction in ammonia occurred between 30 and 48 hrs in each trial with eventual nitrite oxidation reported in the final two trials. Statistical analysis preformed determined that the ammonia removal rates at the beginning of both the synthetic wastewater and dairy parlor wastewater ten-day tests were statistically similar, but varied toward the end of the trials.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation Key Fund(32330013)The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(31625024)+6 种基金supported by the NSFC International Young Scholars Program(31850410464)the CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative(2018PB0003,2020PB0142,2024PVC0046)funded by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(32122016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470473)funded continuously by grants from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2008DP173354)State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management(SKLA2501)Sino BON Insect Diversity Monitoring Network(Sino BON-Insects)。
文摘China has the sixth-largest bee fauna with over 1,300 documented species.Yet countless more are expected,making taxonomic work an imperative.Here,we outline the history of bee taxonomy in China and discuss how best we can move into the future and describe all of the many undescribed species remaining.Key challenges include the difficulty of accurately assigning species names due to overseas type material as well as a general need for increased internationalization such as in specimen and data sharing.Only with sustained funding for basic taxonomy will it be possible to know and protect China's unique bee fauna.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea,No.2022M3A9E4017033。
文摘BACKGROUND Cold exposure has traditionally been considered a pathological factor that can easily impair gastrointestinal(GI)digestion.Shihosogan-tang(ST),Yijung-tang(YT),and Pyeongwi-san(PS)are well-known herbal formulas frequently used to treat GI disorders in East Asia.AIM To compare the effects of these herbal formulas on GI motility and investigate their mechanisms of action using a cold stress(CS)-induced dyspepsia mouse model.METHODS C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CS by immersion in cold water(10±1℃)while being restrained in conical tubes for 1 hour.This procedure was repeated six times over 2 weeks.Herbal formulas or mosapride(positive control)were administered orally five times per week over a 2-week period.RESULTS The pre-test results revealed that CS,rather than restraint stress,significantly delayed gut motility in mice.However,PS and ST notably improved gastric emptying and intestinal transit,surpassing YT.Additionally,PS and ST significantly reduced gastric potential of hydrogen and increased pepsin and lipase gene expression compared to CS.The observed mechanisms likely involved increased gastric acidity and enhanced levels of digestive enzymes,such as pepsin and lipase.Furthermore,PS administration elevated GI hormone levels and metabolites related to the gut microbiota(5-hydroxytryptamine and short-chain fatty acid)more effectively than ST and YT treatments.CONCLUSION PS more effectively alleviated CS-induced GI dysfunction than both YT and ST.These comparative findings offer valuable insights for clinical applications in the treatment of cold-related digestive disorders.
文摘Introduction: Haemolytic anaemia (HA) is defined as a decrease in haemoglobin (Hb) levels below baseline due to excessive and premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in the periphery resulting in a shortened life span of less than 120 days. Haemolysis can be corpuscular or extra-corpuscular. The aim of our study was to investigate the factors associated with it for optimal management of patients hospitalised in internal medicine at the Douala General Hospital (DGH). Methodology: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study, including all patients admitted to the internal medicine department of the DGH from 11 February to 20 May 2022, and excluding patients with non-compliant samples. The search for haemolytic anaemia was carried out by means of blood count, reticulocyte count, blood smear, unconjugated bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase and direct Coombs test. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological parameters were collected and analysed. Correlation was defined for a p value 0.05. Results: This study included 147 patients, 50.34% of whom were men, for a sex ratio of 1.01. The mean age was 52 ± 17.9 years. The most represented age group was 56 - 70 years (n = 49;33%) with extremes from 15 to 90 years. We counted 29.3% cases of haemolytic anaemia (HA) and 13.9% cases of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Haemolytic anaemia (HA) was present in 54.14% of men for a sex ratio of 1.38;the most represented age group was 40 - 55 years, 37.2%. HA was associated with jaundice (OR: 3.74, CI: [1.70 - 8.22], p = 0.001), HIV - AIDS (OR: 2.72, CI: [0.98 - 7.53], p = 0.05), thrombocytopaenia (OR: 3.53, CI: [1.58 - 7.89], p = 0.02). LDH was elevated (OR: 2.86, CI: [1.30 - 6.26], p = 0.00) as well as elevated reticulocyte count (OR: 3.84, CI: [1.75 - 8.44], p = 0.01). Unconjugated bilirubin was elevated in all these patients. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with HA were a history of HIV/AIDS, jaundice, thrombocytopaenia and elevated reticulocyte count. Conclusion: Hemolytic anaemia is common in internal medicine and is significantly associated with thrombocytopenia, HIV/AIDS infection and jaundice.
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for funding the publication of this work(Project number:KFU250560).
文摘A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.
基金supported by the Education Reform Program of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(JXJG-22-23-3,JXJG-23-23-5)the“Biology and Medicine”Discipline Construction Project of Nanchang NormalUniversity(100/20149)+2 种基金Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology(YLKFKT202203)the Education Reform Program of Nanchang Normal University(NSJG-21-25)Nanchang Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Research and Development of Brasenia schreberi(32060078).
文摘Pyrola atropurpurea Franch is an important annual herbaceous plant.Few genomic analyses have been conducted on this plant,and chloroplast genome research will enrich its genomics basis.This study is based on high-throughput sequencing technology and Bioinformatics methods to obtain the sequence,structure,and other characteristics of the P.atropurpurea chloroplast genome.The result showed that the chloroplast genome of P.atropurpurea has a double-stranded circular structure with a total length of 172,535 bp and a typical four-segment structure.The genome has annotated a total of 132 functional genes,including 43 tRNAs,8 rRNAs,76 protein-coding genes,and 5 pseudo-genes.In total,358 SSR loci were checked out,mainly composed of mononucleotide and trinucleotide repeat.There are three types of scattered repetitive sequences,totaling 4223,including 2452 forward repeats,1763 palindrome repeats,and eight reverse repeats.The optimal codon usage frequency is relatively high with AT usage preference in this genome.Chloroplast genome comparative analysis in the family Ericaceae shows that the overall sequence is more complex,and there are more variations in the gene interval region.The collinearity analysis indicated that there is a complex rearrangement of species between different genera in Ericaceae.The selection pressure analysis showed that the protein-encoding genes rpl33 and rps16 were positively selected among the seven medicinal plants in Ericaceae.The maximum likelihood tree shows that the genetic relationship among P.atropurpurea,Pyrola rotundifolia,and Chimaphila japonica is relatively close.Therefore,an important data basis was provided for species identification,genetic diversity,and phylogenetic studies of P.atropurpurea and even this genus of plants.
基金supported by a Singapore National Research Foundation(NRF)Investigatorship(NRF-NRFI07-2021-0008)。
文摘Quantitative analysis of colouration is an essential tool for subspecies delimitation but has always posed a challenge in avian taxonomy.In this study on the Chestnut-winged Babbler(Cyanoderma erythropterum)species complex from tropical Southeast Asia,we made use of colour measurements taken with digital cameras and applied two methodologies—(1)the 75%subspecies rule on quantitative colourimetric variables,and(2)the CIEDE2000 colour distance method to generate phylograms,which has probably never been applied in taxonomy before.Given its large number of described subspecies,many of which have been synonymised in modern taxonomies,the species complex serves as an appropriate model to test subspecies validity.Our data indicate that one synonymised subspecies(C.e.apega),from the islands of Bangka and Belitung,requires re-instalment and recognition,whereas one widely recognised subspecies(C.e.fulviventre),from the Banyak Islands,should be synonymised.Our approach also allowed us to redraw geographic subspecies boundaries.Our work indicates that current subspecies taxonomies of many poorly known tropical species may remain error-ridden and highlights the importance and viability of large-scale taxonomic revisions targeting avian subspecies globally while incorporating quantitative colourimetric approaches.
文摘This research was carried out to identify the most effective plant species for air purification based on environmental factors. The existence of plants beside roadways can be considered a more efficient approach to improving air quality and minimizing pollution exposure. The samples for this research were collected from various sites across the streets of Jeddah governorate. The primary sources of air pollution in the research area are vehicle traffic and emissions from cars. Eight species were gathered from various streets in Jeddah governorate, namely, Azadirachta indica, Senna sulfurea, Ziziphus spina-christi, Cordia sebestena, Tecoma stans, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Conocarpus lancifolius, and Ixora coccinea. The leaves of the studied plants were analyzed for secondary compounds using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Gas-chromatographic analyses revealed that bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was found in every plant. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a widespread environmental pollutant. Moreover, Cordia sebestena was the sole plant that contained Phenol, 2,2’-methylenebis [6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl] which is part of the phenols category. Environmental conditions can affect the production of secondary metabolites. By tracking the concentrations of these substances, researchers can evaluate the well-being of ecosystems and identify pollution.
