Thellungiella salsuginea （formerly T. halophila）, a species closely related to Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thali-ana）, is tolerant not only to high salt levels, but also to chilling, freezing, and ozone. Here, we rep...Thellungiella salsuginea （formerly T. halophila）, a species closely related to Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thali-ana）, is tolerant not only to high salt levels, but also to chilling, freezing, and ozone. Here, we report that T. salsuginea also shows greater heat tolerance than Arabidopsis. We identified T. salsuginea HsfAld （TsHsfAld） as a gene that can confer marked heat tolerance on Arabidopsis. TsHsfAld was identified via Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressing gene （FOX） hunt-ing from among a collection of heat-stress-related T. salsuginea cDNAs. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing TsHsfAld showed constitutive up-regulation of many genes in the Arabidopsis AtHsfA1 regulon under normal growth tempera-ture. in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, TsHsfAld was localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. TsHsfAld also interacted with AtHSP90, which negatively regulates AtHsfAls by forming HsfA1-HSP90 complexes in the cytoplasm. It is likely that the partial nuclear localization of TsHsfAld induced the expression of the AtHsfAld regulon in the transgenic plants at normal temperature. We also discovered that transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtHsfAldwere more heat-tolerant than wild-type plants and up-regulated the expression of the HsfAld regulon, as was observed in TsHsfAld-overexpressing plants. We propose that the products of both TsHsfAld and AtHsfAld function as positive regulators of Arabidopsis heat-stress response and would be useful for the improvement of heat-stress tolerance in other plants.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of Korean Magnolia obovata crude extract(KME)on plateletderived growth factor(PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs).Methods:KME compos...Objective:To investigate the effects of Korean Magnolia obovata crude extract(KME)on plateletderived growth factor(PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs).Methods:KME composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).VSMCs were isolated from the aorta of a Sprague-Dawley rat,incubated in serum free-Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in the presence or absence of KME(10,30,100,and 300(xg/mL),then further treated with PDGF-BB(10 ng/mL).VSMC proliferation was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and VSMC migration was determined using the Boyden chamber and scratch wound healing assays.Western blot analysis was used to detect phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2(p-ERK1/2),protein kinase B(p-Akt),and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(p-SAPK/JNK).The antimigration and proliferation effects of KME were tested using aortic sprout outgrowth.Results:The HPLC analysis identified honokiol(0.45 mg/g)and magnolol(0.34 mg/g)as the major components of KME.KME(30,100,and 300μg/m L)significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-stimulated(10 ng/mL)VSMCs and the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of EKR1/2,Akt,and SAPK/JNK(P<0.05).Furthermore,PDGF-BBinduced VSMCs treated with 300μg/m L of KME showed reduction in aortic sprout outgrowth.Conclusion:KME could inhibit abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs by down-regulating the phosphorylation of EKR1/2 and Akt.Thus,KME might be a functional food for preventing vascular disorders.展开更多
Recently,there has been a notable emphasis on the homeostatic regulation by taste receptors expressed in the extra-oral gastrointestinal(GI)tract.Type 2 taste receptors(T2R)are expressed in taste buds that perceive bi...Recently,there has been a notable emphasis on the homeostatic regulation by taste receptors expressed in the extra-oral gastrointestinal(GI)tract.Type 2 taste receptors(T2R)are expressed in taste buds that perceive bitter tastes and the GI tract and are activated by ligands.Activation of T2R in the GI tract triggers the release of GI hormones such as cholecystokinin(CCK)or incretin as a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1).CCK and GLP-1 are peptides that regulate appetite and food intake by influ-encing GI motility.Incretins also regulate blood glucose homeostasis through insulin secretion.Polyphenols are bioactive compounds commonly found in plant-based food with a strong bitter taste.Additionally,they are not well absorbed by the upper digestive tract and thus tend to move to the colon and get excreted in the feces.Previous epidemiological and intervention studies suggest a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and the risk of diabetes.Beneficial bioactivity associated with polyphenol consumption is proposed to be mediated by the activation of the T2R in GI,consequently improving glucose tolerance and appetite regulation of controlling intestinal motility.This review focused on understanding the interaction between polyphenols and T2Rs and the resulting health benefits on appetite and blood glucose regulation.展开更多
文摘Thellungiella salsuginea （formerly T. halophila）, a species closely related to Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thali-ana）, is tolerant not only to high salt levels, but also to chilling, freezing, and ozone. Here, we report that T. salsuginea also shows greater heat tolerance than Arabidopsis. We identified T. salsuginea HsfAld （TsHsfAld） as a gene that can confer marked heat tolerance on Arabidopsis. TsHsfAld was identified via Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressing gene （FOX） hunt-ing from among a collection of heat-stress-related T. salsuginea cDNAs. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing TsHsfAld showed constitutive up-regulation of many genes in the Arabidopsis AtHsfA1 regulon under normal growth tempera-ture. in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, TsHsfAld was localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. TsHsfAld also interacted with AtHSP90, which negatively regulates AtHsfAls by forming HsfA1-HSP90 complexes in the cytoplasm. It is likely that the partial nuclear localization of TsHsfAld induced the expression of the AtHsfAld regulon in the transgenic plants at normal temperature. We also discovered that transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtHsfAldwere more heat-tolerant than wild-type plants and up-regulated the expression of the HsfAld regulon, as was observed in TsHsfAld-overexpressing plants. We propose that the products of both TsHsfAld and AtHsfAld function as positive regulators of Arabidopsis heat-stress response and would be useful for the improvement of heat-stress tolerance in other plants.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of Korean Magnolia obovata crude extract(KME)on plateletderived growth factor(PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs).Methods:KME composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).VSMCs were isolated from the aorta of a Sprague-Dawley rat,incubated in serum free-Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in the presence or absence of KME(10,30,100,and 300(xg/mL),then further treated with PDGF-BB(10 ng/mL).VSMC proliferation was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and VSMC migration was determined using the Boyden chamber and scratch wound healing assays.Western blot analysis was used to detect phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2(p-ERK1/2),protein kinase B(p-Akt),and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(p-SAPK/JNK).The antimigration and proliferation effects of KME were tested using aortic sprout outgrowth.Results:The HPLC analysis identified honokiol(0.45 mg/g)and magnolol(0.34 mg/g)as the major components of KME.KME(30,100,and 300μg/m L)significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-stimulated(10 ng/mL)VSMCs and the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of EKR1/2,Akt,and SAPK/JNK(P<0.05).Furthermore,PDGF-BBinduced VSMCs treated with 300μg/m L of KME showed reduction in aortic sprout outgrowth.Conclusion:KME could inhibit abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs by down-regulating the phosphorylation of EKR1/2 and Akt.Thus,KME might be a functional food for preventing vascular disorders.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Number 23H02166).
文摘Recently,there has been a notable emphasis on the homeostatic regulation by taste receptors expressed in the extra-oral gastrointestinal(GI)tract.Type 2 taste receptors(T2R)are expressed in taste buds that perceive bitter tastes and the GI tract and are activated by ligands.Activation of T2R in the GI tract triggers the release of GI hormones such as cholecystokinin(CCK)or incretin as a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1).CCK and GLP-1 are peptides that regulate appetite and food intake by influ-encing GI motility.Incretins also regulate blood glucose homeostasis through insulin secretion.Polyphenols are bioactive compounds commonly found in plant-based food with a strong bitter taste.Additionally,they are not well absorbed by the upper digestive tract and thus tend to move to the colon and get excreted in the feces.Previous epidemiological and intervention studies suggest a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and the risk of diabetes.Beneficial bioactivity associated with polyphenol consumption is proposed to be mediated by the activation of the T2R in GI,consequently improving glucose tolerance and appetite regulation of controlling intestinal motility.This review focused on understanding the interaction between polyphenols and T2Rs and the resulting health benefits on appetite and blood glucose regulation.
