Data shows that buildings play an important role in the field of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The exchange of information among different countries is a key element to promote a wider diffusion ...Data shows that buildings play an important role in the field of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The exchange of information among different countries is a key element to promote a wider diffusion of practices for sustainable development in the fields of architecture and urban planning, contributing to the improvement of new skills and economic and production activities, while also reducing the environmental impact of construction on the territory. An international cooperation can lead an exchange of experiences and practices, which could play a fundamental role since countries can have similar problems to deal with, as it happens for the specific identity of the Mediterranean territory in coastal and rural areas. This paper analyses a case of international cooperation, the project SCORE, “Sustainable COnstruction in Rural and fragile areas for energy Efficiency”, financed under the European MED Programme with the purpose to promote sustainable energy policies in the construction sector on fragile coastal and rural Mediterranean areas.展开更多
Tall buildings in cold climates have unique challenges in maintaining indoor air quality due to stack effect.During the heating season,interior air buoyancy creates large pressure differentials in vertical shafts that...Tall buildings in cold climates have unique challenges in maintaining indoor air quality due to stack effect.During the heating season,interior air buoyancy creates large pressure differentials in vertical shafts that can drive airflow from lower floors into upper floors.This pressure differential can result in the spread of contaminants throughout a building.Most recently,concern over COVID-19 has increased attention to the potential spread of airborne diseases in densely populated buildings.For many multi-unit residential buildings,suite ventilation has traditionally relied upon fresh air supplied through a mechanically pressurized corridor.In cold climates,large pressure differentials created by stack-effect can reduce the effectiveness of this approach.Multizone and CFD simulations are employed to analyze airflow and contaminant spread due to stack effect.Simulations are conducted on an idealized model of a 10-storey building using a range of experimentally derived airtightness parameters.Simulations demonstrate stack effect can reduce corridor ventilation to suites and even reverse the airflow for leakier buildings.Reduced airflow to suites can result in the accumulation of contaminants.Reversal of the airflow can allow contaminants from a suite to spread throughout the building.Contaminant spread is illustrated as a function of mechanical ventilation,building airtightness,and ambient temperatures.Strategies to reduce the influence of stack effect on mechanically pressurized corridors are discussed.展开更多
The project investigated the potential of building geometry to minimize energy consumption in office buildings.Five distinct geometries were modeled as mid-size office occupancies in the context of Toronto,Ontario,and...The project investigated the potential of building geometry to minimize energy consumption in office buildings.Five distinct geometries were modeled as mid-size office occupancies in the context of Toronto,Ontario,and examined with varied design parameters:window to wall ratio(WWR)and external static shading devices.IES VE software was used to predict the annual energy consumption of the five archetypes for 40 permutations.The outcome of this research showed that the variation of the total energy use from one shape to another was relatively small.WWR appeared to have a stronger impact on the energy pattern of a building than its shape.Overall,the energy performance of the archetypes were observed to conform to their individual building aspect ratios.The findings are thus expected to provide useful guidelines for architects on utilizing building geometry as an energy saving measure in the design of office buildings.展开更多
LEED Canada for Existing Buildings:Operations and Maintenance(LEED Canada EB:O&M)and Building Owners and Managers Association’s Building Environmental Standards(BOMA BESt)are complex green rating systems that off...LEED Canada for Existing Buildings:Operations and Maintenance(LEED Canada EB:O&M)and Building Owners and Managers Association’s Building Environmental Standards(BOMA BESt)are complex green rating systems that offer owners,managers,consultants,and tenants distinct value propositions for existing buildings.Upon close examination,significant variations between the systems are evident in certification process,cost,rigor,engagement,marketing,accessibility,transparency,management,and program philosophy.Despite the many differences between the systems,they are often seen to be complementary programs and are sometimes used in tandem for the same building.This paper reports on a survey of the industry perceptions of the value and strengths of the LEED Canada EB:O&M and BOMA BESt rating systems with respect to the above criteria.As a result of the fundamentally different nature of the programs,preferences for LEED Canada EB:O&M and BOMA BESt are determined by stakeholder values and the programs are used for a variety of reasons.展开更多
The potential to conserve energy in an apartment building in Toronto,Ontario,Canada through the implementation of an advanced envelope system was explored in this study.This paper illustrates the possibility in reduci...The potential to conserve energy in an apartment building in Toronto,Ontario,Canada through the implementation of an advanced envelope system was explored in this study.This paper illustrates the possibility in reducing energy demand through an integrated design process(IDP),where research outcomes were incorporated into the architectural design.Using the floor plan and schematics provided by the designer,a building energy model was established in an advanced simulation program to evaluate the performances of nine low-energy envelope design strategies in reducing the heating and cooling energy consumption.Through this study,it can be concluded that performing detailed energy simulations early in the design process to identify which low-energy envelope strategies can be omitted or substituted in the final envelope design is crucial in identifying the most effective strategies for improving energy performance.This study also demonstrates the potential of collaboration between academia and industry in generating high performance buildings.展开更多
The consumption of non-renewable resources and the creation of wastes have been identified as among the key issues that our society must address in order not to prejudice the opportunities of future generations.Yet th...The consumption of non-renewable resources and the creation of wastes have been identified as among the key issues that our society must address in order not to prejudice the opportunities of future generations.Yet the way we design and construct our buildings leads to huge volumes of waste being generated as well as the use of large amounts of materials,the extraction of which leads to considerable environmental damage.So,how can we design buildings in a way that creates closed loop materials systems that minimize waste generation and primary resourse use?The objective of this paper is to review work carried out at Ryerson University in Canada funded by NRCan and CISC to identify ways in which construction can set up reuse loops for steel components so that waste and the demand for primary steel are reduced.In particular,the design and construction issues related to the use of salvaged steel components will be reviewed,through a series of case studies to draw out lessons and conclusions about the implications of component reuse in construction.The case studies are of projects that reuse steel components from old buildings into new buildings.They suggest that opportunities for steel reuse are significant but the industry needs to establish appropriate structures and cyclical systems and methods to ensure that components can be easily reclaimed from old buildings for reuse.Furthermore,certain ingrained industry design processes need to be overcome for reuse of steel(and other components)to become more acceptable.展开更多
Building designers need far better feedback on how well their buildings work.Existing buildings offer a wealth of opportunities for designers to learn,and to improve future designs.A more comprehensive understanding o...Building designers need far better feedback on how well their buildings work.Existing buildings offer a wealth of opportunities for designers to learn,and to improve future designs.A more comprehensive understanding of how existing buildings develop and change over time,and meet,or fail to meet,user expectations offers designers the opportunity to learn from existing buildings.Also,feedback loops are needed to ensure that designers learn lessons from built projects and apply them to future designs.In addition,there is a particular need to understand whether claimed“green buildings”really do meet the needs of occupants and reduce their environmental impacts.Assessing real building performance from both a technical and social perspective is one way of both raising the profile of issues that are important to building occupants,and of improving understanding of real building performance.Several new mechanisms have been proposed in recent years that offer the opportunity to re-establish some of the missing feedback mechanisms for designers.These can provide direct information on the performance of their designs potentially leading to better performing buildings environmentally,economically and socially.This can minimise problems and utilise those design features that work successfully,applying the laws of survival of the fittest.This paper reviews some of the recent initiatives to establish better feedback mechanisms.展开更多
文摘Data shows that buildings play an important role in the field of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The exchange of information among different countries is a key element to promote a wider diffusion of practices for sustainable development in the fields of architecture and urban planning, contributing to the improvement of new skills and economic and production activities, while also reducing the environmental impact of construction on the territory. An international cooperation can lead an exchange of experiences and practices, which could play a fundamental role since countries can have similar problems to deal with, as it happens for the specific identity of the Mediterranean territory in coastal and rural areas. This paper analyses a case of international cooperation, the project SCORE, “Sustainable COnstruction in Rural and fragile areas for energy Efficiency”, financed under the European MED Programme with the purpose to promote sustainable energy policies in the construction sector on fragile coastal and rural Mediterranean areas.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada[NSERC DG 2016-04176].
文摘Tall buildings in cold climates have unique challenges in maintaining indoor air quality due to stack effect.During the heating season,interior air buoyancy creates large pressure differentials in vertical shafts that can drive airflow from lower floors into upper floors.This pressure differential can result in the spread of contaminants throughout a building.Most recently,concern over COVID-19 has increased attention to the potential spread of airborne diseases in densely populated buildings.For many multi-unit residential buildings,suite ventilation has traditionally relied upon fresh air supplied through a mechanically pressurized corridor.In cold climates,large pressure differentials created by stack-effect can reduce the effectiveness of this approach.Multizone and CFD simulations are employed to analyze airflow and contaminant spread due to stack effect.Simulations are conducted on an idealized model of a 10-storey building using a range of experimentally derived airtightness parameters.Simulations demonstrate stack effect can reduce corridor ventilation to suites and even reverse the airflow for leakier buildings.Reduced airflow to suites can result in the accumulation of contaminants.Reversal of the airflow can allow contaminants from a suite to spread throughout the building.Contaminant spread is illustrated as a function of mechanical ventilation,building airtightness,and ambient temperatures.Strategies to reduce the influence of stack effect on mechanically pressurized corridors are discussed.
文摘The project investigated the potential of building geometry to minimize energy consumption in office buildings.Five distinct geometries were modeled as mid-size office occupancies in the context of Toronto,Ontario,and examined with varied design parameters:window to wall ratio(WWR)and external static shading devices.IES VE software was used to predict the annual energy consumption of the five archetypes for 40 permutations.The outcome of this research showed that the variation of the total energy use from one shape to another was relatively small.WWR appeared to have a stronger impact on the energy pattern of a building than its shape.Overall,the energy performance of the archetypes were observed to conform to their individual building aspect ratios.The findings are thus expected to provide useful guidelines for architects on utilizing building geometry as an energy saving measure in the design of office buildings.
文摘LEED Canada for Existing Buildings:Operations and Maintenance(LEED Canada EB:O&M)and Building Owners and Managers Association’s Building Environmental Standards(BOMA BESt)are complex green rating systems that offer owners,managers,consultants,and tenants distinct value propositions for existing buildings.Upon close examination,significant variations between the systems are evident in certification process,cost,rigor,engagement,marketing,accessibility,transparency,management,and program philosophy.Despite the many differences between the systems,they are often seen to be complementary programs and are sometimes used in tandem for the same building.This paper reports on a survey of the industry perceptions of the value and strengths of the LEED Canada EB:O&M and BOMA BESt rating systems with respect to the above criteria.As a result of the fundamentally different nature of the programs,preferences for LEED Canada EB:O&M and BOMA BESt are determined by stakeholder values and the programs are used for a variety of reasons.
基金funded by National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)through Discovery Grant(project reference numbers:313375-07)MITACS ACCELERATE Internship program。
文摘The potential to conserve energy in an apartment building in Toronto,Ontario,Canada through the implementation of an advanced envelope system was explored in this study.This paper illustrates the possibility in reducing energy demand through an integrated design process(IDP),where research outcomes were incorporated into the architectural design.Using the floor plan and schematics provided by the designer,a building energy model was established in an advanced simulation program to evaluate the performances of nine low-energy envelope design strategies in reducing the heating and cooling energy consumption.Through this study,it can be concluded that performing detailed energy simulations early in the design process to identify which low-energy envelope strategies can be omitted or substituted in the final envelope design is crucial in identifying the most effective strategies for improving energy performance.This study also demonstrates the potential of collaboration between academia and industry in generating high performance buildings.
文摘The consumption of non-renewable resources and the creation of wastes have been identified as among the key issues that our society must address in order not to prejudice the opportunities of future generations.Yet the way we design and construct our buildings leads to huge volumes of waste being generated as well as the use of large amounts of materials,the extraction of which leads to considerable environmental damage.So,how can we design buildings in a way that creates closed loop materials systems that minimize waste generation and primary resourse use?The objective of this paper is to review work carried out at Ryerson University in Canada funded by NRCan and CISC to identify ways in which construction can set up reuse loops for steel components so that waste and the demand for primary steel are reduced.In particular,the design and construction issues related to the use of salvaged steel components will be reviewed,through a series of case studies to draw out lessons and conclusions about the implications of component reuse in construction.The case studies are of projects that reuse steel components from old buildings into new buildings.They suggest that opportunities for steel reuse are significant but the industry needs to establish appropriate structures and cyclical systems and methods to ensure that components can be easily reclaimed from old buildings for reuse.Furthermore,certain ingrained industry design processes need to be overcome for reuse of steel(and other components)to become more acceptable.
文摘Building designers need far better feedback on how well their buildings work.Existing buildings offer a wealth of opportunities for designers to learn,and to improve future designs.A more comprehensive understanding of how existing buildings develop and change over time,and meet,or fail to meet,user expectations offers designers the opportunity to learn from existing buildings.Also,feedback loops are needed to ensure that designers learn lessons from built projects and apply them to future designs.In addition,there is a particular need to understand whether claimed“green buildings”really do meet the needs of occupants and reduce their environmental impacts.Assessing real building performance from both a technical and social perspective is one way of both raising the profile of issues that are important to building occupants,and of improving understanding of real building performance.Several new mechanisms have been proposed in recent years that offer the opportunity to re-establish some of the missing feedback mechanisms for designers.These can provide direct information on the performance of their designs potentially leading to better performing buildings environmentally,economically and socially.This can minimise problems and utilise those design features that work successfully,applying the laws of survival of the fittest.This paper reviews some of the recent initiatives to establish better feedback mechanisms.
