The research emphasizes on the relation of the Arabic concept of ＂ma＇ani nahwi＂ and the Latin ＂modistae＂. In order to establish this relation, the researcher illustrates the role of Aristotle＇s categories in inf...The research emphasizes on the relation of the Arabic concept of ＂ma＇ani nahwi＂ and the Latin ＂modistae＂. In order to establish this relation, the researcher illustrates the role of Aristotle＇s categories in influencing the concept of the Medieval Latin ＂modistae＂. This is followed by a reevaluation of the influence of Arabic philosophers, such as al-Farabi （c.870-c.950 CE）, Avicenna （980-1037 CE） and Averoes （c.1126-c.1198 CE） on Latin philosophy and linguistics, especially Jurjani＇s （d.1078 CE） role in introducing his concept of ＂nazm＂ towards ＂ma＇ani nahwi＂. The research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between syntax and semantics which has not been effectively clarified within the framework of traditional Arabic grammatical theory.展开更多
As technology improves,several modernization efforts are taken in the process of teaching and learning.An effective education system should maintain global connectivity,federate security and deliver self-access to its...As technology improves,several modernization efforts are taken in the process of teaching and learning.An effective education system should maintain global connectivity,federate security and deliver self-access to its services.The cloud computing services transform the current education system to an advanced one.There exist several tools and services to make teaching and learning more interesting.In the higher education system,the data flow and basic operations are almost the same.These systems need to access cloud-based applications and services for their operational advancement and flexibility.Architecting a suitable cloud-based education system will leverage all the benefits of the cloud to its stakeholders.At the same time,educational institutions want to keep their sensitive information more secure.For that,they need to maintain their on-premises data center along with the cloud infrastructure.This paper proposes an advanced,flexible and secure hybrid cloud architecture to satisfy the growing demands of an education system.By sharing the proposed cloud infrastructure among several higher educational institutions,there is a possibility to implement a common education system among organizations.Moreover,this research demonstrates how a cloud-based education architecture can utilize the advantages of the cloud resources offered by several providers in a hybrid cloud environment.In addition,a reference architecture using Amazon Web Service(AWS)is proposed to implement a common university education system.展开更多
State-business relationships in pre-2011 Syria were strongly dominated by the Assad regime.Due to the conflict,millions of Syrians,including thousands of businesspeople,were forced to leave Syria.Home countries have b...State-business relationships in pre-2011 Syria were strongly dominated by the Assad regime.Due to the conflict,millions of Syrians,including thousands of businesspeople,were forced to leave Syria.Home countries have been argued to play a crucial role in a diaspora’s development.Even though many Syrian businesspeople have emigrated to Turkey,long-term strict state-business relationships continue to affect the interactions of the Syrian businesspeople in Turkey.This paper examines how Syrian statebusiness ties shape the behaviors of the Turkey-based Syrian businesspeople.The paper argues that,although the activities of the business diaspora might need to be conducted cautiously due to their ties with the home government,and in order to improve economic activity in the host country,the businesspeople have developed specific ways to balance the impact of their home government.展开更多
From the mid 1800s,modern Lebanon began to emerge as a state.Lebanon,as“the eternal homeland”,had been accepted by the Maronites,the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state con...From the mid 1800s,modern Lebanon began to emerge as a state.Lebanon,as“the eternal homeland”,had been accepted by the Maronites,the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state construction.The Shi'ite sectarian identity based on the leading role of the traditional feudal zu'ama was challenged by Arab nationalism in the mid 1900s,and was replaced by a new sectarian identity,based on the Shi'ite political organizations and sectarian militias.This new Lebanese Shi'ite collective identity is featured by a pro-Iranian and pro-Syrian position,and has become a big challenge to the nation-state construction of Lebanon.展开更多
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation has a unique influence in the global governance,such as Middle East issues and International Islamic development,and has become the most active international multilateral platfo...The Organization of Islamic Cooperation has a unique influence in the global governance,such as Middle East issues and International Islamic development,and has become the most active international multilateral platform for Islam.Based on the context of the establishment of the organization and its development process,particularly,the agenda items and resolutions of the organization since 2000,this study clarifies the path of the OIC to advance agenda items and exert political influence on Islamic countries;this study also tracks the history of both official and civil exchanges between China and the OIC,proposes to seize the historic opportunity of the“Silk Road strategy”,and build a model of cooperation between China and the Arab-Islamic countries as the“natural partners of the Silk Road”and the“Silk Road Community”.展开更多
In the context of globalization,although governments maintain the leading role in shaping the image of states,the increasing bilateral economic and trade exchanges are gradually becoming an equally important,if not mo...In the context of globalization,although governments maintain the leading role in shaping the image of states,the increasing bilateral economic and trade exchanges are gradually becoming an equally important,if not more important,element.The recent years have witnessed a continuous growth of trade between China and Arab countries—a newly established crucial trading partner and platform for practicing the“going-out”strategy.Thanks to both sides complimenting each other,a positive win-win situation has been achieved.However,as more and more Chinese merchandises and enterprises have entered the Arab world,certain problems have emerged,such as poor quality of merchandises,illegal operation of enterprises,and difficulties of certain Chinese employees integrating into local life.These economic and trade elements have become key factors in shaping China’s image in the Arab countries,and hence should not be left unattended.展开更多
This paper analyzes the structure of Egyptian society in different periods,and explains the reasons of the social changes experienced in 2011.It is believed that the Sadat-Mubarak administrations’political and econom...This paper analyzes the structure of Egyptian society in different periods,and explains the reasons of the social changes experienced in 2011.It is believed that the Sadat-Mubarak administrations’political and economic policies have led to distortions in the Egyptian social structure,and caused a‘fall’of the middle classes,that has destabilized Egyptian society.This paper will briefly consider the basic trajectory of the changes seen in Egypt and why the middle classes ultimately submitted to the Mubarak regime.This paper not only looks at the internal factors,but the external ones too-i.e.the difficult historical pretext and the huge international pressure on Arab countries like Egypt.展开更多
The development of secularism and secularization is a major issue in the Arab world in the intellectual,cultural and social dimensions.A general survey of the development of secularism and secularization in the Arab w...The development of secularism and secularization is a major issue in the Arab world in the intellectual,cultural and social dimensions.A general survey of the development of secularism and secularization in the Arab world is a premise to understand modern Arab politics,society and culture.展开更多
The Islamic Movement of Sudan established the first Islamist regime in the Sunni Islamic world by a military coup.By seising state power,the Islamic Movement tried to overhaul the political system of Sudan.However,wha...The Islamic Movement of Sudan established the first Islamist regime in the Sunni Islamic world by a military coup.By seising state power,the Islamic Movement tried to overhaul the political system of Sudan.However,what it brought to the politics of Sudan was far from what its leader Hasan al-Turabi envisioned.It was largely due to the failure of the Islamic Movement to institutionalise its control over state power,originating from its design to conceal the nature of the coup which prevented it from claiming the official leadership of the state.The military Islamists leading the coup continued to run the state publicly.The institutions of the Islamic Movement itself were weakened in the process,making it more difficult to lay the national politics on an institutional foundation.The division and conflicts among the Islamists could not be solved in an institutional framework,leading to the split of the Islamic Movement.The Islamists were further fragmented after the split,both within and without the regime,opening the gate for factional politics.展开更多
文摘The research emphasizes on the relation of the Arabic concept of ＂ma＇ani nahwi＂ and the Latin ＂modistae＂. In order to establish this relation, the researcher illustrates the role of Aristotle＇s categories in influencing the concept of the Medieval Latin ＂modistae＂. This is followed by a reevaluation of the influence of Arabic philosophers, such as al-Farabi （c.870-c.950 CE）, Avicenna （980-1037 CE） and Averoes （c.1126-c.1198 CE） on Latin philosophy and linguistics, especially Jurjani＇s （d.1078 CE） role in introducing his concept of ＂nazm＂ towards ＂ma＇ani nahwi＂. The research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between syntax and semantics which has not been effectively clarified within the framework of traditional Arabic grammatical theory.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University,KSA,Project Grant No.2019/02/10478,Almotiry O.N and Sha M,www.psau.edu.sa.
文摘As technology improves,several modernization efforts are taken in the process of teaching and learning.An effective education system should maintain global connectivity,federate security and deliver self-access to its services.The cloud computing services transform the current education system to an advanced one.There exist several tools and services to make teaching and learning more interesting.In the higher education system,the data flow and basic operations are almost the same.These systems need to access cloud-based applications and services for their operational advancement and flexibility.Architecting a suitable cloud-based education system will leverage all the benefits of the cloud to its stakeholders.At the same time,educational institutions want to keep their sensitive information more secure.For that,they need to maintain their on-premises data center along with the cloud infrastructure.This paper proposes an advanced,flexible and secure hybrid cloud architecture to satisfy the growing demands of an education system.By sharing the proposed cloud infrastructure among several higher educational institutions,there is a possibility to implement a common education system among organizations.Moreover,this research demonstrates how a cloud-based education architecture can utilize the advantages of the cloud resources offered by several providers in a hybrid cloud environment.In addition,a reference architecture using Amazon Web Service(AWS)is proposed to implement a common university education system.
文摘State-business relationships in pre-2011 Syria were strongly dominated by the Assad regime.Due to the conflict,millions of Syrians,including thousands of businesspeople,were forced to leave Syria.Home countries have been argued to play a crucial role in a diaspora’s development.Even though many Syrian businesspeople have emigrated to Turkey,long-term strict state-business relationships continue to affect the interactions of the Syrian businesspeople in Turkey.This paper examines how Syrian statebusiness ties shape the behaviors of the Turkey-based Syrian businesspeople.The paper argues that,although the activities of the business diaspora might need to be conducted cautiously due to their ties with the home government,and in order to improve economic activity in the host country,the businesspeople have developed specific ways to balance the impact of their home government.
文摘From the mid 1800s,modern Lebanon began to emerge as a state.Lebanon,as“the eternal homeland”,had been accepted by the Maronites,the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state construction.The Shi'ite sectarian identity based on the leading role of the traditional feudal zu'ama was challenged by Arab nationalism in the mid 1900s,and was replaced by a new sectarian identity,based on the Shi'ite political organizations and sectarian militias.This new Lebanese Shi'ite collective identity is featured by a pro-Iranian and pro-Syrian position,and has become a big challenge to the nation-state construction of Lebanon.
基金.This study is supported by the MOE National Social Science Fund Project(11BGJ033)Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Base of major projects(10JJDGJW021)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline(B702),Shanghai International Studies University“211 Project”,Shanghai Universities First class discipline of political science and Shanghai Middle East think tank,as well as Project(ASC2015YB01)of the Arab Research Center,Beijing International Studies University,National and Regional Research Base,Ministry of Education.
文摘The Organization of Islamic Cooperation has a unique influence in the global governance,such as Middle East issues and International Islamic development,and has become the most active international multilateral platform for Islam.Based on the context of the establishment of the organization and its development process,particularly,the agenda items and resolutions of the organization since 2000,this study clarifies the path of the OIC to advance agenda items and exert political influence on Islamic countries;this study also tracks the history of both official and civil exchanges between China and the OIC,proposes to seize the historic opportunity of the“Silk Road strategy”,and build a model of cooperation between China and the Arab-Islamic countries as the“natural partners of the Silk Road”and the“Silk Road Community”.
文摘In the context of globalization,although governments maintain the leading role in shaping the image of states,the increasing bilateral economic and trade exchanges are gradually becoming an equally important,if not more important,element.The recent years have witnessed a continuous growth of trade between China and Arab countries—a newly established crucial trading partner and platform for practicing the“going-out”strategy.Thanks to both sides complimenting each other,a positive win-win situation has been achieved.However,as more and more Chinese merchandises and enterprises have entered the Arab world,certain problems have emerged,such as poor quality of merchandises,illegal operation of enterprises,and difficulties of certain Chinese employees integrating into local life.These economic and trade elements have become key factors in shaping China’s image in the Arab countries,and hence should not be left unattended.
文摘This paper analyzes the structure of Egyptian society in different periods,and explains the reasons of the social changes experienced in 2011.It is believed that the Sadat-Mubarak administrations’political and economic policies have led to distortions in the Egyptian social structure,and caused a‘fall’of the middle classes,that has destabilized Egyptian society.This paper will briefly consider the basic trajectory of the changes seen in Egypt and why the middle classes ultimately submitted to the Mubarak regime.This paper not only looks at the internal factors,but the external ones too-i.e.the difficult historical pretext and the huge international pressure on Arab countries like Egypt.
文摘The development of secularism and secularization is a major issue in the Arab world in the intellectual,cultural and social dimensions.A general survey of the development of secularism and secularization in the Arab world is a premise to understand modern Arab politics,society and culture.
文摘The Islamic Movement of Sudan established the first Islamist regime in the Sunni Islamic world by a military coup.By seising state power,the Islamic Movement tried to overhaul the political system of Sudan.However,what it brought to the politics of Sudan was far from what its leader Hasan al-Turabi envisioned.It was largely due to the failure of the Islamic Movement to institutionalise its control over state power,originating from its design to conceal the nature of the coup which prevented it from claiming the official leadership of the state.The military Islamists leading the coup continued to run the state publicly.The institutions of the Islamic Movement itself were weakened in the process,making it more difficult to lay the national politics on an institutional foundation.The division and conflicts among the Islamists could not be solved in an institutional framework,leading to the split of the Islamic Movement.The Islamists were further fragmented after the split,both within and without the regime,opening the gate for factional politics.
