The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is one of the most important and abundant red tide organisms and it is distributed world-wide. It occurs in two forms. Red Noctiluca is heterotrophic and fills the role of one ...The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is one of the most important and abundant red tide organisms and it is distributed world-wide. It occurs in two forms. Red Noctiluca is heterotrophic and fills the role of one of the microzooplankton grazers in the foodweb. In contrast, green Noctiluca contains a photosynthetic symbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae （a prasinophyte）, but it also feeds on other plankton when the food supply is abundant. In this review, we document the global distribution of these two forms and include the first maps of their global distribution. Red Noctiluca occurs widely in the temperate to sub-tropical coastal regions of the world. It occurs over a wide temperature range of about 10℃ to 25℃ and at higher salinities （generally not in estuaries）. It is particularly abundant in high productivity areas such as upwelling or eutrophic areas where diatoms dominate since they are its preferred food source. Green Noctiluca is much more restricted to a temperature range of 25℃-30℃ and mainly occurs in tropical waters of Southeast Asia, Bay of Bengal （east coast of India）, in the eastern, western and northern Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, and recently it has become very abundant in the Gulf of Oman. Red and green Noctiluca do overlap in their distribution in the eastern, northern and western Arabian Sea with a seasonal shift from green Noctiluca in the cooler winter convective mixing, higher productivity season, to red Noctiluca in the more oligotrophic warmer summer season.展开更多
Microalgae are cultured commercially as healthy food, cosmetic products, food preservatives, and a source of valuable compounds. However, the high cost of commercial culture medium is one of the challenges to microalg...Microalgae are cultured commercially as healthy food, cosmetic products, food preservatives, and a source of valuable compounds. However, the high cost of commercial culture medium is one of the challenges to microalgal production. Therefore, it is essential to find an alternative cost-effective culture medium. Aquaculture wastewater is considered as a highly potential candidate due to its high nutrient content and large quantity generated from the rapid growth of aquaculture sector. In this study, Tetraselmis chuii cultured in different media with or without wastewater was evaluated for its growth, proximate composition and carotenoid production. The results showed that significantly(P < 0.05) higher growth(4.3 × 105 cells mL^(-1)) and protein(56.4% dry weight), lipid(44% dry weight) and carbohydrate(20% of dry weight) contents were found in T. chuii when they were cultured in the combination of both wastewater and Conway(wastewater + Conway) medium. However, carotenoid production of T. chuii was significantly increased(P < 0.05) when it was cultured in wastewater only, followed by Conway + wastewater and Conway medium only. Therefore, the incorporation of wastewater with commercial medium Convey is recommended for a cost-effective microalgae culture, as well as for the enhancement of growth and nutritional content of microalgae.展开更多
To establish a new breeding program,genetic diversity of five domesticated populations and two commercial stocks of Asian seabass(Lates calcarifer)were examined.Moderate levels of genetic diversity based on microsatel...To establish a new breeding program,genetic diversity of five domesticated populations and two commercial stocks of Asian seabass(Lates calcarifer)were examined.Moderate levels of genetic diversity based on microsatellite polymorphism were found.The number of alleles per locus(NA)was 3.429–11.571.Observed(Ho)and expected(He)heterozygosities were 0.416–0.772 and 0.423–0.805.FST and genetic heterogeneity analysis revealed significant genetic differences of most pairwise comparisons(P<0.001).Genetic distance between populations was 0.000–0.703.Phylogenetic analysis divided examined populations to two genetic stocks;A:DOF-Chachoengsao 2,DOF-Songkhla,and DOF-Trang and B:Commercial Farm 1(Phuket)and Commercial Farm 2(Chachengsao),DOF-Chachoengsao 1 and DOF-Krabi.The base population(G0,51 families)was established from crosses between these founder populations.Heritability and estimated breeding values(EBVs)for growth in G0 families were evaluated at 519 day post hatch(dph,mean body weight=616.64±266.80 g,N=1655).The heritability(h2)for growth of L.calcarifer in this study was 0.386±0.020.The additive genetic coefficient of variation was 28%indicating high potential of genetic improvement for growth in this population.The distribution of EBVs showed high variation both between and within families.Fish exhibiting high EBVs(SATREPS-DOF-G0-hEBVs)clustered with a phylogenetic clade A while the SATREPS-DOF-G0-lEBVs group was phylogenetically allocated to clade B.Genetic selection with+1SD criteria is expected to achieve genetic gain of 28.5%per generation.The information on genetic diversity and EBVs estimates allows efficient implementation of our ongoing breeding program of L.calcarifer.展开更多
Marine biotechnology emerged in the 1980s, and since then it has been gradually gaining momentum to meet growing demands that cannot be satisfied by terrestrial sources alone.
基金the University Grants Council of Hong Kong and its Area of Excellence Program to PJH. KF was supported by a JSPS grant on the ecophysiology of green Noctiluca in the Gulf of Thailand. PMG received funding from NSF （No. OCE-1015980）This is contribution number 4502 from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Studies. KY Acknowledges Support from the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams （No. KZCXZYW-T001）. DMA received partial funding through the NSF/NIEHS Centers for Oceans and Human Health （No. NIEHS P50 ES012742, NSF OCE- 043072 and OCE-0911031）, and through NSF Grant （No. OCE-0850421）+1 种基金 This paper is based on work partially supported by SCOR/LOICZ Working Group 132, supported by the Scientific Committee on Oceanographic Research （SCOR） through grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation （No OCE-0938349 and OCE-0813697） from the Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone （LOICZ） Project and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. We thank A. KANA for assistance with the GIS produced maps and LIU Hao for his assistance with the tables and references.
文摘The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is one of the most important and abundant red tide organisms and it is distributed world-wide. It occurs in two forms. Red Noctiluca is heterotrophic and fills the role of one of the microzooplankton grazers in the foodweb. In contrast, green Noctiluca contains a photosynthetic symbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae （a prasinophyte）, but it also feeds on other plankton when the food supply is abundant. In this review, we document the global distribution of these two forms and include the first maps of their global distribution. Red Noctiluca occurs widely in the temperate to sub-tropical coastal regions of the world. It occurs over a wide temperature range of about 10℃ to 25℃ and at higher salinities （generally not in estuaries）. It is particularly abundant in high productivity areas such as upwelling or eutrophic areas where diatoms dominate since they are its preferred food source. Green Noctiluca is much more restricted to a temperature range of 25℃-30℃ and mainly occurs in tropical waters of Southeast Asia, Bay of Bengal （east coast of India）, in the eastern, western and northern Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, and recently it has become very abundant in the Gulf of Oman. Red and green Noctiluca do overlap in their distribution in the eastern, northern and western Arabian Sea with a seasonal shift from green Noctiluca in the cooler winter convective mixing, higher productivity season, to red Noctiluca in the more oligotrophic warmer summer season.
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) project (FRGS/1/2015/WAB01/UMT/03/ 6).
文摘Microalgae are cultured commercially as healthy food, cosmetic products, food preservatives, and a source of valuable compounds. However, the high cost of commercial culture medium is one of the challenges to microalgal production. Therefore, it is essential to find an alternative cost-effective culture medium. Aquaculture wastewater is considered as a highly potential candidate due to its high nutrient content and large quantity generated from the rapid growth of aquaculture sector. In this study, Tetraselmis chuii cultured in different media with or without wastewater was evaluated for its growth, proximate composition and carotenoid production. The results showed that significantly(P < 0.05) higher growth(4.3 × 105 cells mL^(-1)) and protein(56.4% dry weight), lipid(44% dry weight) and carbohydrate(20% of dry weight) contents were found in T. chuii when they were cultured in the combination of both wastewater and Conway(wastewater + Conway) medium. However, carotenoid production of T. chuii was significantly increased(P < 0.05) when it was cultured in wastewater only, followed by Conway + wastewater and Conway medium only. Therefore, the incorporation of wastewater with commercial medium Convey is recommended for a cost-effective microalgae culture, as well as for the enhancement of growth and nutritional content of microalgae.
基金supported by Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS),Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)/Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA)grant no.JPMJSA1806.
文摘To establish a new breeding program,genetic diversity of five domesticated populations and two commercial stocks of Asian seabass(Lates calcarifer)were examined.Moderate levels of genetic diversity based on microsatellite polymorphism were found.The number of alleles per locus(NA)was 3.429–11.571.Observed(Ho)and expected(He)heterozygosities were 0.416–0.772 and 0.423–0.805.FST and genetic heterogeneity analysis revealed significant genetic differences of most pairwise comparisons(P<0.001).Genetic distance between populations was 0.000–0.703.Phylogenetic analysis divided examined populations to two genetic stocks;A:DOF-Chachoengsao 2,DOF-Songkhla,and DOF-Trang and B:Commercial Farm 1(Phuket)and Commercial Farm 2(Chachengsao),DOF-Chachoengsao 1 and DOF-Krabi.The base population(G0,51 families)was established from crosses between these founder populations.Heritability and estimated breeding values(EBVs)for growth in G0 families were evaluated at 519 day post hatch(dph,mean body weight=616.64±266.80 g,N=1655).The heritability(h2)for growth of L.calcarifer in this study was 0.386±0.020.The additive genetic coefficient of variation was 28%indicating high potential of genetic improvement for growth in this population.The distribution of EBVs showed high variation both between and within families.Fish exhibiting high EBVs(SATREPS-DOF-G0-hEBVs)clustered with a phylogenetic clade A while the SATREPS-DOF-G0-lEBVs group was phylogenetically allocated to clade B.Genetic selection with+1SD criteria is expected to achieve genetic gain of 28.5%per generation.The information on genetic diversity and EBVs estimates allows efficient implementation of our ongoing breeding program of L.calcarifer.
文摘Marine biotechnology emerged in the 1980s, and since then it has been gradually gaining momentum to meet growing demands that cannot be satisfied by terrestrial sources alone.
