Oil tanks are essential components of the oil industry, facilitating the safe storage and transportation of crude oil. Safely managing oil tanks is a crucial aspect of environmental protection. Oil tanks are often use...Oil tanks are essential components of the oil industry, facilitating the safe storage and transportation of crude oil. Safely managing oil tanks is a crucial aspect of environmental protection. Oil tanks are often used under extreme operational conditions, including dynamic loads, temperature variations, etc., which may result in unpredictable deformations that can cause severe damage or tank collapses. Therefore, it is essential to establish a monitoring system to prevent and predict potential deformations. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has played a significant role in oil tank monitoring over the past decades. However, the full extent of TLS capabilities for oil tank monitoring has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to evaluate TLS’s abilities in detecting deformations of oil tanks under various operating conditions. The paper has two objectives: first, to examine the deformations of two vertical oil tanks over six years, and second, to investigate potential deformations of the tanks’ surfaces during filling. Each tank was scanned three times—in the years 2015, 2016, and 2021. Mathematical models and appropriate software were developed to determine the achievable accuracy of TLS monitoring. The anticipated monitoring accuracy was simulated based on the design parameters of the oil tanks. This accuracy was subsequently used to differentiate between deformations and measurement errors. The tank surface was approximated utilizing the cylinder equation for each monitoring epoch. Additionally, deformations were analyzed at different cross-sections with the appropriate circular approximations. The results indicated that both tanks exhibited no significant deformations within a range of less than 20 mm. For the empty tanks, the average radius decreased by 4 mm, without any changes in shape. The total spatial inclination of the oil tanks was calculated using cylinder equations at different monitoring epochs. In the final stage, the observed deformations were employed to simulate the strain-stress conditions of the oil tanks. Thus, this paper presents a complex technology and the results of oil tank monitoring by TLS under various operating conditions.展开更多
There are many approaches to address geospatial monitoring of pipeline overpasses,among which the most widespread methods are terrestrial laser scanning and total station measurements.However,there is a problem in com...There are many approaches to address geospatial monitoring of pipeline overpasses,among which the most widespread methods are terrestrial laser scanning and total station measurements.However,there is a problem in comparing the geospatial monitoring data collected by different methods in different epochs.The main task of this work is to find the correspondence between points in different epochs.The total station measurements are carried out in specific discrete points of the pipeline overpass.In contrast,terrestrial laser scanning allows the collection of the whole data set without fixing specific point co-ordinates.In order to compare different data in different epochs,it is necessary to select a relevant presentation of the monitoring results(reference model)and specify appropriate criteria for quality inspection.In general,a pipeline can be presented as a spatial curve.In this study,two types of reference models are considered:cubic splines and Bezier curves.These models are examined for the monitoring of two gas pipeline overpasses.The first measurement epoch is accomplished by the terrestrial laser scanning,and the second measurement epoch is completed by the total station.The reference models are simulated by Matlab coding.The preliminary accuracy of ground laser scanning and total station mea-surement is selected as the criterion of quality inspection.The simulation and comparison results provide the evidence that the correct selection of reference model is a crucial component of successful geospatial monitoring.The results show that the Hermite splines are effective in the comparison of different data sets.These splines present the interpolation accuracy compatible with measurement accuracy,i.e.,15-20 mm for spatial displacement determination.展开更多
文摘Oil tanks are essential components of the oil industry, facilitating the safe storage and transportation of crude oil. Safely managing oil tanks is a crucial aspect of environmental protection. Oil tanks are often used under extreme operational conditions, including dynamic loads, temperature variations, etc., which may result in unpredictable deformations that can cause severe damage or tank collapses. Therefore, it is essential to establish a monitoring system to prevent and predict potential deformations. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has played a significant role in oil tank monitoring over the past decades. However, the full extent of TLS capabilities for oil tank monitoring has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to evaluate TLS’s abilities in detecting deformations of oil tanks under various operating conditions. The paper has two objectives: first, to examine the deformations of two vertical oil tanks over six years, and second, to investigate potential deformations of the tanks’ surfaces during filling. Each tank was scanned three times—in the years 2015, 2016, and 2021. Mathematical models and appropriate software were developed to determine the achievable accuracy of TLS monitoring. The anticipated monitoring accuracy was simulated based on the design parameters of the oil tanks. This accuracy was subsequently used to differentiate between deformations and measurement errors. The tank surface was approximated utilizing the cylinder equation for each monitoring epoch. Additionally, deformations were analyzed at different cross-sections with the appropriate circular approximations. The results indicated that both tanks exhibited no significant deformations within a range of less than 20 mm. For the empty tanks, the average radius decreased by 4 mm, without any changes in shape. The total spatial inclination of the oil tanks was calculated using cylinder equations at different monitoring epochs. In the final stage, the observed deformations were employed to simulate the strain-stress conditions of the oil tanks. Thus, this paper presents a complex technology and the results of oil tank monitoring by TLS under various operating conditions.
文摘There are many approaches to address geospatial monitoring of pipeline overpasses,among which the most widespread methods are terrestrial laser scanning and total station measurements.However,there is a problem in comparing the geospatial monitoring data collected by different methods in different epochs.The main task of this work is to find the correspondence between points in different epochs.The total station measurements are carried out in specific discrete points of the pipeline overpass.In contrast,terrestrial laser scanning allows the collection of the whole data set without fixing specific point co-ordinates.In order to compare different data in different epochs,it is necessary to select a relevant presentation of the monitoring results(reference model)and specify appropriate criteria for quality inspection.In general,a pipeline can be presented as a spatial curve.In this study,two types of reference models are considered:cubic splines and Bezier curves.These models are examined for the monitoring of two gas pipeline overpasses.The first measurement epoch is accomplished by the terrestrial laser scanning,and the second measurement epoch is completed by the total station.The reference models are simulated by Matlab coding.The preliminary accuracy of ground laser scanning and total station mea-surement is selected as the criterion of quality inspection.The simulation and comparison results provide the evidence that the correct selection of reference model is a crucial component of successful geospatial monitoring.The results show that the Hermite splines are effective in the comparison of different data sets.These splines present the interpolation accuracy compatible with measurement accuracy,i.e.,15-20 mm for spatial displacement determination.
