Accounting's emphasis has changed from standard financial reporting to sustainability reporting that takes environmental factors into account as a result of the sustainable development paradigm's evolution.In ...Accounting's emphasis has changed from standard financial reporting to sustainability reporting that takes environmental factors into account as a result of the sustainable development paradigm's evolution.In order to facilitate the incorporation of environmental data into the ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)reporting framework,green accounting has become a popular strategic approach.A comprehensive evaluation of recent research on the effects of green accounting on the quality of ESG disclosure,risk perception,and investment decision-making,as well as the use of digital technology in corporate operations,is the goal of this study.By analyzing 74 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2021 and 2024,this study finds that the integration of green accounting enhances the transparency and accountability of environmental reporting,influences firm valuation,and serves as a credibility signal to the market.Furthermore,the adoption of technologies such as AI,blockchain,and big data has proven to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of green accounting practices,although technical and resource-related challenges remain,particularly in developing countries and the SME sector.This study makes both theoretical and practical contributions to support more sustainable decision-making and proposes a future research agenda that position green accounting as a strategic instrument within the green economy.展开更多
This study explores ethical violations and audit failures in various large-scale corporate fraud cases.Using a qualitative descriptive method and based on secondary data from documented fraud cases and published audit...This study explores ethical violations and audit failures in various large-scale corporate fraud cases.Using a qualitative descriptive method and based on secondary data from documented fraud cases and published audit reports,the study applies the Fraud Triangle framework,focusing on how weak integrity,objectivity,and professional competence have undermined public trust in the auditing profession.Using a qualitative descriptive method and the Fraud Triangle framework,which includes pressure,opportunity,and rationalization,the study analyzes cases from Indonesia(SNP Finance,Jiwasraya),China(Evergrande),and Germany(Wirecard).The analysis reveals that many audit failures observed in this study appear to stem more from ethical challenges than from technical incapability,driven by client pressure,weak internal controls,and compromised auditor independence.These cases demonstrate a recurring global pattern in which auditors neglect their responsibility to act in the public interest.展开更多
This study investigates the spatial courting between digital economic signs and local monetary overall performance throughout ten provinces in Sumatra,Indonesia,from 2019 to 2022.As digitalization hastens economic and...This study investigates the spatial courting between digital economic signs and local monetary overall performance throughout ten provinces in Sumatra,Indonesia,from 2019 to 2022.As digitalization hastens economic and business sports,devices together with fintech lending,e-cash,debit card usage,and e-commerce are increasingly more diagnosed as capability drivers of regional increase.But,the unequal distribution of digital infrastructure and monetary literacy across regions raises issues approximately the inclusivity of these benefits.constructing upon current findings by using Miranti et al.(2024),this research employs spatial econometric fashions-particularly the Spatial Lag model(SLM)and Spatial mistakes model(SEM)-to evaluate how digital variables influence provincial financial overall performance while accounting for spatial spillover consequences.The results reveal that fintech lending and debit card usage exert a positive and significant impact on economic growth,whereas the effect of e-money is negative,suggesting potential substitution effects or access constraints.Spatial dependency is also evident,as demonstrated by the significant lambda coefficient in the SEM model.These findings highlight the importance of spatially coordinated digital policies,particularly in addressing disparities and enhancing digital financial inclusion.The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at fostering inclusive and spatially balanced digital economic development in Sumatra.展开更多
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and automation has significantly transformed the accounting profession,shifting the role of accountants from routine data processors to strategic decision makers and...The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and automation has significantly transformed the accounting profession,shifting the role of accountants from routine data processors to strategic decision makers and ethical stewards of technology.This conceptual study explores how AI and automation are reshaping accounting tasks,transforming required competencies,and redefining professional responsibilities.By analyzing relevant literature and theoretical frameworks,this paper identifies the evolving skill sets,both technical such as data analytics and AI literacy,and nontechnical such as critical thinking and ethical judgment,that are essential for modern accountants.The study also emphasizes the importance of continuous education,ethical integrity,and adaptive learning in navigating the digital transformation of accounting.Ultimately,this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how accountants can maintain relevance and add value in an increasingly automated and data driven environment.展开更多
This study analyzes the impact of profitability,firm size,and capital structure on firm value within the manufacturing sector.Utilizing a descriptive literature-based method,this research synthesizes various findings ...This study analyzes the impact of profitability,firm size,and capital structure on firm value within the manufacturing sector.Utilizing a descriptive literature-based method,this research synthesizes various findings from previous studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationships among these variables.Profitability,often measured by Return on Assets(ROA)or Return on Equity(ROE),is expected to have a positive relationship with firm value as it reflects a company’s ability to generate profits.Firm size,measured by total assets or the logarithm of sales,is also assumed to influence firm value,both through economies of scale and better access to capital markets.Meanwhile,capital structure,measured by Debt to Equity Ratio(DER)or Debt to Asset Ratio(DAR),has a complex impact;while debt can enhance firm value through tax shields,excessive debt levels can increase financial risk and potentially decrease firm value.The synthesis of literature indicates a general consensus on the importance of profitability and firm size in shaping firm value,though there is variation in the significance and direction of the relationship for capital structure variables.This study provides important implications for company managers and investors in making strategic decisions related to resource allocation and selecting an optimal capital structure to enhance firm value.展开更多
This study analyses IASB＇s stipulations on fair value usage in its standard designed for SMEs and the reactions of national standard setters, preparers and users of financial reporting in this respect. It tries to cl...This study analyses IASB＇s stipulations on fair value usage in its standard designed for SMEs and the reactions of national standard setters, preparers and users of financial reporting in this respect. It tries to clarify fair value applications such as market value and value in use and the appropriateness of their usage for the case on hand. This research determines the inconsistencies within IASB ED IFRSfor SMEs （2007） related to the usage of fair value, underlined by the respondents＇ comment letters. The content analysis of all the above, conducted according to the type of economy and nature of respondent, along with the statistical techniques applied, indicates a partial approval of fair value usage under the following conditions： clarification of the concept, details on its usage in relation to market liquidity and the nature of the asset, additional guidance regarding the measurement methods. We advocate for the value in use, an application of the fair value based on internal valuations, which offers an adequate cost-benefit rate. The final version ofIFRSfor SMEs highlights both the preference of market information over the internal valuations and the insufficient information regarding solutions suited for non-liquid markets. It may be appropriate for the IASB, maybe in collaboration with the IVSC, to provide guidance and details regarding the implementation and disclosure of the valuation techniques applicable to this type of entities.展开更多
We perform an empirical analysis on the benefits of, and the challenges faced by, sustainability accounting in measuring the effects of climate change for a sample of Spanish rice farms. We use farm yields, revenues a...We perform an empirical analysis on the benefits of, and the challenges faced by, sustainability accounting in measuring the effects of climate change for a sample of Spanish rice farms. We use farm yields, revenues and incomes as indicators of economic performance, and greenhouse gas emissions, and direct and indirect energy consumption as indicators of climate change effects. According to our data, farms with higher yields, revenues and income are responsible for a greater environmental impact, measured in total gigajoules of energy consumed and tons of carbon dioxide emitted, than farms with a lower economic performance. Results show that in our sample the achievement of higher yields is attributable to the greater use of chemical inputs and fossil fuels and not to innovative and sustainable farming practices. The results indicate that accounting for climate change effects is not only possible but also necessary to provide more accurate information on the overall costs and benefits of farming. Greater transparency in accounting information should serve to highlight which farming activities are better able to reduce climate change impacts.展开更多
Value relevance of accounting information analyses the relationship between accounting information and the mar—ket-value of equity.At present,the study of the value relevance gets into trouble:the correlation is not ...Value relevance of accounting information analyses the relationship between accounting information and the mar—ket-value of equity.At present,the study of the value relevance gets into trouble:the correlation is not high;a lot of findings are inconsistent.Through literature review,this paper analyses the logical origin and evolution of value relevance,points out that there are some flaws such as tacitly treeing capital market as semi-strong eficient,investors as rational an d their beliefs as homogeneous,pm—poses an approach to improve value relevan ce of accounting inform ation,and puts forward some advices for future study of value relevan ce of accounting information and policy-making.展开更多
In this study we examine the validity of the earnings-book value capitalization model in the pricing of bank stocks in Europe. We perform cross-sectional tests using a sample of banks operating in 21 European Union co...In this study we examine the validity of the earnings-book value capitalization model in the pricing of bank stocks in Europe. We perform cross-sectional tests using a sample of banks operating in 21 European Union countries. We split our sample into code and common law countries to control for the influence of the financial reporting system upon the pricing of earnings and book value. Our empirical findings suggest that disaggregating total reported clean surplus income into reported gains and losses from securities and other income increases the explanatory power of the accounting valuation model. Indeed, reported gains and losses from securities are priced lower than other income, irrespective of whether the financial reporting system is classified as a code or a common law system, probably because the market considers the former as a less stable source of income. Additionally, we observe that the pricing of both earnings and book value is influenced by the financial reporting system. We conclude that earnings announced under a common law financial reporting system are priced differently from those reported under the respective code law system. Finally, we provide evidence that comprehensive and dirty surplus income are two value relevant variables for banks reporting earnings under the code law system, although dirty surplus income is priced lower than clean surplus income.展开更多
This study aims to investigate how auditors’reliance on artificial intelligence(AI)impacts their professional scepticism in the French auditing profession.While artificial intelligence offers benefits,like improved a...This study aims to investigate how auditors’reliance on artificial intelligence(AI)impacts their professional scepticism in the French auditing profession.While artificial intelligence offers benefits,like improved audit efficiency,concerns arise regarding its potential to reduce scepticism.Using a multiple regression approach with maximum likelihood estimation,we analyzed 107 responses from external auditors.The findings reveal a significant positive association between AI reliance and professional scepticism,moderated by trait scepticism.The study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the complex interplay between technological adoption and individual judgment in auditing.It offers insights into the French context and emphasizes the importance of understanding how AI affects professional scepticism among auditors.Additionally,the findings underscore the crucial role of individual auditor traits,such as scepticism levels,in shaping their responses to technological advancements in auditing practices.展开更多
This study aims to determine whether the involvement of prestigious attorneys in issuing companies affects withdrawals in the initial public offering(IPO)market.There is little evidence on how the involvement of famou...This study aims to determine whether the involvement of prestigious attorneys in issuing companies affects withdrawals in the initial public offering(IPO)market.There is little evidence on how the involvement of famous lawyers affects IPO withdrawal.The study considers a large dataset consisting of 24,312 IPOs that were either successful or withdrawn from 22 distinct IPO marketplaces between January 1995 and December 2019.We find that IPO issuers may benefit from engaging with reputed attorneys by leveraging exceptional legal or negotiating abilities as quality certification signals to reduce IPO investors’ex-ante uncertainty.Here,the objective is to protect their IPOs from withdrawal of at least by 22%.Multiple robustness tests validate the reliability of the results of this study.These findings have significant implications for researchers,legislators,investors,and issuers.展开更多
This study explores whether the COVID-19 outbreak and Russian-Ukrainian(R-U)conflict have impacted the efficiency of cryptocurrencies.The novelty of this study is the use of the Cramér-von Mises test to examine c...This study explores whether the COVID-19 outbreak and Russian-Ukrainian(R-U)conflict have impacted the efficiency of cryptocurrencies.The novelty of this study is the use of the Cramér-von Mises test to examine cryptocurrency efficiency.We used a sample of daily prices for the six largest cryptocurrencies,covering the period from September 11,2017,to September 30,2022.Cryptocurrencies are found to be weakly efficient but exhibit heterogeneous levels of efficiency across currencies.Extraordinary events(COVID-19 and R-U)play a vital role in the degree of efficiency,where a trend toward inefficiency appears in all cryptocurrencies except for Ethereum Classic and Ripple.During the COVID-19 pandemic,the degree of inefficiency was higher than the level of inefficiency during R-U.This study provides useful guidance for investors and portfolio diversifiers to adjust their asset allocations during normal and stressful market periods.展开更多
The main objective of this study is to investigate tail risk connectedness among six major cryptocurrency markets and determine the extent to which investor sentiment,economic conditions,and economic uncertainty can p...The main objective of this study is to investigate tail risk connectedness among six major cryptocurrency markets and determine the extent to which investor sentiment,economic conditions,and economic uncertainty can predict tail risk interconnectedness.Combining the Conditional Autoregressive Value-at-Risk(CAViaR)model with the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive(TVP-VAR)approach shows that the transmission of tail risks among cryptocurrencies changes dynamically over time.During crises and significant events,transmission bursts and tail risks change.Based on both in-and out-of-sample forecasts,we find that the information contained in investor sentiment,economic conditions,and uncertainty includes significant predictive content about the tail risk connectedness of cryptocurrencies.展开更多
This study investigates the role of financial literacy(FL),perceived access to finance(PAF),information communication technology(ICT)usage,and digitization in alleviating the level of credit constraint that micro,smal...This study investigates the role of financial literacy(FL),perceived access to finance(PAF),information communication technology(ICT)usage,and digitization in alleviating the level of credit constraint that micro,small,and medium enterprises(MSMEs)face in an emerging market.We draw on the economic research theories of human capital,knowledge-based view,and lifecycle hypothesis to explain the relationship between the variables.Using survey data collected from 333 MSME importers in Qatar—a country with heavy reliance on foreign goods—we find strong evidence that FL,PAF,ICT usage,and digitization are key determinants of Qatari MSME access to credit.In particular,PAF and FL are significant and have their expected signs in almost all the Probit regressions.For ICT usage and digitization,although they are key determinants of credit constraints,the findings are more sensitive and dependent on the type of financing and the resulting type of credit constraint.展开更多
The increasing fluency of advanced language models,such as GPT-3.5,GPT-4,and the recently introduced DeepSeek,challenges the ability to distinguish between human-authored and AI-generated academic writing.This situati...The increasing fluency of advanced language models,such as GPT-3.5,GPT-4,and the recently introduced DeepSeek,challenges the ability to distinguish between human-authored and AI-generated academic writing.This situation is raising significant concerns regarding the integrity and authenticity of academic work.In light of the above,the current research evaluates the effectiveness of Bidirectional Long Short-TermMemory(BiLSTM)networks enhanced with pre-trained GloVe(Global Vectors for Word Representation)embeddings to detect AIgenerated scientific Abstracts drawn from the AI-GA(Artificial Intelligence Generated Abstracts)dataset.Two core BiLSTM variants were assessed:a single-layer approach and a dual-layer design,each tested under static or adaptive embeddings.The single-layer model achieved nearly 97%accuracy with trainable GloVe,occasionally surpassing the deeper model.Despite these gains,neither configuration fully matched the 98.7%benchmark set by an earlier LSTMWord2Vec pipeline.Some runs were over-fitted when embeddings were fine-tuned,whereas static embeddings offered a slightly lower yet stable accuracy of around 96%.This lingering gap reinforces a key ethical and procedural concern:relying solely on automated tools,such as Turnitin’s AI-detection features,to penalize individuals’risks and unjust outcomes.Misclassifications,whether legitimate work is misread as AI-generated or engineered text,evade detection,demonstrating that these classifiers should not stand as the sole arbiters of authenticity.Amore comprehensive approach is warranted,one which weaves model outputs into a systematic process supported by expert judgment and institutional guidelines designed to protect originality.展开更多
Purpose:Service convenience explores how consumers perceive the time and effort associated with purchasing or using a service.It examines the impact of convenience on customer satisfaction,loyalty,and behavioral inten...Purpose:Service convenience explores how consumers perceive the time and effort associated with purchasing or using a service.It examines the impact of convenience on customer satisfaction,loyalty,and behavioral intentions,often considering various dimensions like access,search,and transaction convenience.The reviews also investigate how service convenience interacts with other factors like service quality,perceived value,and customer satisfaction.Therefore,this paper seeks to analyze the dispersed academic literature on service convenience research.This paper reviews the existing literature on service convenience and examines the directions in which the past studies have focused.It highlights the gap in existing literature to identify future research directions in service convenience domain.Through this review,this study aims to gain insights into various aspects including research methodology,framework,trends,important factors related to service convenience.Design/methodology/approach:Data were collected from an objective overview of service convenience research.This study used a systematic literature review approach.A total of 13 papers were published between 2012 and 2024.Selected from the Scopus database,and Emerald Insight,following specific criteria outlined in the PRISMA process.Findings:In the context of customer satisfaction research,analysis often reveals that satisfaction can be organized into several main themes.Here are five variables that frequently appear in on customer satisfaction,customer loyalty,behavioral intentions,often considering various dimensions like access,search,and transaction convenience.The analysis shows a significant spike in conveniencebased accounting research from 2012 to 2024,indicating growing interest in the topic.展开更多
The feasibility of using a problem-dependent method to solve systems of second order ODEs is corroborated by an eigen-based theory and a methodology to develop such a numerical method is constructed.The key steps of t...The feasibility of using a problem-dependent method to solve systems of second order ODEs is corroborated by an eigen-based theory and a methodology to develop such a numerical method is constructed.The key steps of this methodology are to decouple a system of ODEs of second order into a set of uncoupled ODEs of second order;next,an eigen-dependent method is proposed to approximate the solution of each uncoupled ODE of second order.It is vital to transform all eigen-dependent methods to a problem-dependent method to bypass an Eigen analysis.The development of an eigen-dependent method plays a key role in this methodology so that slow eigenmodes can be accurately integrated while there is no instability or excessive amplitude growth in fast eigenmodes.This can explain why a problem-dependent method can simultaneously combine the explicitness of each step and A-stability.Consequently,huge computational efforts can be saved for solving nonlinear stiff problems.A new family of problem-dependent methods is developed in this work so that the feasibility of the proposed methodology can be affirmed.It has almost the same performance as that of the HHT-αmethod.However,it can save more than 99.5%of CPU demand in approximating a solution for a system of 1000 nonlinear second order ODEs.展开更多
In Japan, the per capita arable land area is small, the natural resources are short, and agricultural production has the typical characteristics of the peasant economy. Even if there are many unfavorable conditions, t...In Japan, the per capita arable land area is small, the natural resources are short, and agricultural production has the typical characteristics of the peasant economy. Even if there are many unfavorable conditions, the level of agricultural modernization of Japan has exceeded that of many developed countries. We conduct comparative analysis on the development characteristics of China's agriculture and Japan's agriculture, and summarize the realization path of Japan's agricultural modernization. Based on the reality of China, we can draw on the following experience from Japan: establishing and improving the agricultural legislation for agriculture; improving the rural cooperative economic organizations; deepening the reform of the agricultural land property right system; increasing the government's direct funds input of into agriculture; improving the agricultural technology extension system.展开更多
Abundant potential of renewable energy(RE)in Indonesia is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion year by year.However,until now,the use of RE has only reached 2%of the existin...Abundant potential of renewable energy(RE)in Indonesia is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion year by year.However,until now,the use of RE has only reached 2%of the existing potential of 441.7 GW.The main overview of this work is to investigate the availability of RE that can be utilized for electricity generation in Indonesia.National energy demand and targets in the long run during the 2017-2050 period are also discussed.Besides,government policies in supporting RE development are considered in this work.The results show that the potential of RE in Indonesia can be utilized and might replace conventional energy for decades.The use of RE for electricity generation can be achieved by employing a government policy that supports the investor as the executor of RE development.The selling price of electricity generated from RE is cheaper than electricity generated from fossils;this makes economy is more affordable for people.Finally,the target set by the government for utilizing RE as the main energy in Indonesia can be done by implementing several policies for the RE development.Thus,greenhouse gas emissions and the use of petroleum fuels can be reduced.展开更多
文摘Accounting's emphasis has changed from standard financial reporting to sustainability reporting that takes environmental factors into account as a result of the sustainable development paradigm's evolution.In order to facilitate the incorporation of environmental data into the ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)reporting framework,green accounting has become a popular strategic approach.A comprehensive evaluation of recent research on the effects of green accounting on the quality of ESG disclosure,risk perception,and investment decision-making,as well as the use of digital technology in corporate operations,is the goal of this study.By analyzing 74 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2021 and 2024,this study finds that the integration of green accounting enhances the transparency and accountability of environmental reporting,influences firm valuation,and serves as a credibility signal to the market.Furthermore,the adoption of technologies such as AI,blockchain,and big data has proven to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of green accounting practices,although technical and resource-related challenges remain,particularly in developing countries and the SME sector.This study makes both theoretical and practical contributions to support more sustainable decision-making and proposes a future research agenda that position green accounting as a strategic instrument within the green economy.
文摘This study explores ethical violations and audit failures in various large-scale corporate fraud cases.Using a qualitative descriptive method and based on secondary data from documented fraud cases and published audit reports,the study applies the Fraud Triangle framework,focusing on how weak integrity,objectivity,and professional competence have undermined public trust in the auditing profession.Using a qualitative descriptive method and the Fraud Triangle framework,which includes pressure,opportunity,and rationalization,the study analyzes cases from Indonesia(SNP Finance,Jiwasraya),China(Evergrande),and Germany(Wirecard).The analysis reveals that many audit failures observed in this study appear to stem more from ethical challenges than from technical incapability,driven by client pressure,weak internal controls,and compromised auditor independence.These cases demonstrate a recurring global pattern in which auditors neglect their responsibility to act in the public interest.
文摘This study investigates the spatial courting between digital economic signs and local monetary overall performance throughout ten provinces in Sumatra,Indonesia,from 2019 to 2022.As digitalization hastens economic and business sports,devices together with fintech lending,e-cash,debit card usage,and e-commerce are increasingly more diagnosed as capability drivers of regional increase.But,the unequal distribution of digital infrastructure and monetary literacy across regions raises issues approximately the inclusivity of these benefits.constructing upon current findings by using Miranti et al.(2024),this research employs spatial econometric fashions-particularly the Spatial Lag model(SLM)and Spatial mistakes model(SEM)-to evaluate how digital variables influence provincial financial overall performance while accounting for spatial spillover consequences.The results reveal that fintech lending and debit card usage exert a positive and significant impact on economic growth,whereas the effect of e-money is negative,suggesting potential substitution effects or access constraints.Spatial dependency is also evident,as demonstrated by the significant lambda coefficient in the SEM model.These findings highlight the importance of spatially coordinated digital policies,particularly in addressing disparities and enhancing digital financial inclusion.The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at fostering inclusive and spatially balanced digital economic development in Sumatra.
文摘The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and automation has significantly transformed the accounting profession,shifting the role of accountants from routine data processors to strategic decision makers and ethical stewards of technology.This conceptual study explores how AI and automation are reshaping accounting tasks,transforming required competencies,and redefining professional responsibilities.By analyzing relevant literature and theoretical frameworks,this paper identifies the evolving skill sets,both technical such as data analytics and AI literacy,and nontechnical such as critical thinking and ethical judgment,that are essential for modern accountants.The study also emphasizes the importance of continuous education,ethical integrity,and adaptive learning in navigating the digital transformation of accounting.Ultimately,this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how accountants can maintain relevance and add value in an increasingly automated and data driven environment.
文摘This study analyzes the impact of profitability,firm size,and capital structure on firm value within the manufacturing sector.Utilizing a descriptive literature-based method,this research synthesizes various findings from previous studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationships among these variables.Profitability,often measured by Return on Assets(ROA)or Return on Equity(ROE),is expected to have a positive relationship with firm value as it reflects a company’s ability to generate profits.Firm size,measured by total assets or the logarithm of sales,is also assumed to influence firm value,both through economies of scale and better access to capital markets.Meanwhile,capital structure,measured by Debt to Equity Ratio(DER)or Debt to Asset Ratio(DAR),has a complex impact;while debt can enhance firm value through tax shields,excessive debt levels can increase financial risk and potentially decrease firm value.The synthesis of literature indicates a general consensus on the importance of profitability and firm size in shaping firm value,though there is variation in the significance and direction of the relationship for capital structure variables.This study provides important implications for company managers and investors in making strategic decisions related to resource allocation and selecting an optimal capital structure to enhance firm value.
文摘This study analyses IASB＇s stipulations on fair value usage in its standard designed for SMEs and the reactions of national standard setters, preparers and users of financial reporting in this respect. It tries to clarify fair value applications such as market value and value in use and the appropriateness of their usage for the case on hand. This research determines the inconsistencies within IASB ED IFRSfor SMEs （2007） related to the usage of fair value, underlined by the respondents＇ comment letters. The content analysis of all the above, conducted according to the type of economy and nature of respondent, along with the statistical techniques applied, indicates a partial approval of fair value usage under the following conditions： clarification of the concept, details on its usage in relation to market liquidity and the nature of the asset, additional guidance regarding the measurement methods. We advocate for the value in use, an application of the fair value based on internal valuations, which offers an adequate cost-benefit rate. The final version ofIFRSfor SMEs highlights both the preference of market information over the internal valuations and the insufficient information regarding solutions suited for non-liquid markets. It may be appropriate for the IASB, maybe in collaboration with the IVSC, to provide guidance and details regarding the implementation and disclosure of the valuation techniques applicable to this type of entities.
文摘We perform an empirical analysis on the benefits of, and the challenges faced by, sustainability accounting in measuring the effects of climate change for a sample of Spanish rice farms. We use farm yields, revenues and incomes as indicators of economic performance, and greenhouse gas emissions, and direct and indirect energy consumption as indicators of climate change effects. According to our data, farms with higher yields, revenues and income are responsible for a greater environmental impact, measured in total gigajoules of energy consumed and tons of carbon dioxide emitted, than farms with a lower economic performance. Results show that in our sample the achievement of higher yields is attributable to the greater use of chemical inputs and fossil fuels and not to innovative and sustainable farming practices. The results indicate that accounting for climate change effects is not only possible but also necessary to provide more accurate information on the overall costs and benefits of farming. Greater transparency in accounting information should serve to highlight which farming activities are better able to reduce climate change impacts.
文摘Value relevance of accounting information analyses the relationship between accounting information and the mar—ket-value of equity.At present,the study of the value relevance gets into trouble:the correlation is not high;a lot of findings are inconsistent.Through literature review,this paper analyses the logical origin and evolution of value relevance,points out that there are some flaws such as tacitly treeing capital market as semi-strong eficient,investors as rational an d their beliefs as homogeneous,pm—poses an approach to improve value relevan ce of accounting inform ation,and puts forward some advices for future study of value relevan ce of accounting information and policy-making.
文摘In this study we examine the validity of the earnings-book value capitalization model in the pricing of bank stocks in Europe. We perform cross-sectional tests using a sample of banks operating in 21 European Union countries. We split our sample into code and common law countries to control for the influence of the financial reporting system upon the pricing of earnings and book value. Our empirical findings suggest that disaggregating total reported clean surplus income into reported gains and losses from securities and other income increases the explanatory power of the accounting valuation model. Indeed, reported gains and losses from securities are priced lower than other income, irrespective of whether the financial reporting system is classified as a code or a common law system, probably because the market considers the former as a less stable source of income. Additionally, we observe that the pricing of both earnings and book value is influenced by the financial reporting system. We conclude that earnings announced under a common law financial reporting system are priced differently from those reported under the respective code law system. Finally, we provide evidence that comprehensive and dirty surplus income are two value relevant variables for banks reporting earnings under the code law system, although dirty surplus income is priced lower than clean surplus income.
文摘This study aims to investigate how auditors’reliance on artificial intelligence(AI)impacts their professional scepticism in the French auditing profession.While artificial intelligence offers benefits,like improved audit efficiency,concerns arise regarding its potential to reduce scepticism.Using a multiple regression approach with maximum likelihood estimation,we analyzed 107 responses from external auditors.The findings reveal a significant positive association between AI reliance and professional scepticism,moderated by trait scepticism.The study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the complex interplay between technological adoption and individual judgment in auditing.It offers insights into the French context and emphasizes the importance of understanding how AI affects professional scepticism among auditors.Additionally,the findings underscore the crucial role of individual auditor traits,such as scepticism levels,in shaping their responses to technological advancements in auditing practices.
基金funded by the Taif University Researchers Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘This study aims to determine whether the involvement of prestigious attorneys in issuing companies affects withdrawals in the initial public offering(IPO)market.There is little evidence on how the involvement of famous lawyers affects IPO withdrawal.The study considers a large dataset consisting of 24,312 IPOs that were either successful or withdrawn from 22 distinct IPO marketplaces between January 1995 and December 2019.We find that IPO issuers may benefit from engaging with reputed attorneys by leveraging exceptional legal or negotiating abilities as quality certification signals to reduce IPO investors’ex-ante uncertainty.Here,the objective is to protect their IPOs from withdrawal of at least by 22%.Multiple robustness tests validate the reliability of the results of this study.These findings have significant implications for researchers,legislators,investors,and issuers.
文摘This study explores whether the COVID-19 outbreak and Russian-Ukrainian(R-U)conflict have impacted the efficiency of cryptocurrencies.The novelty of this study is the use of the Cramér-von Mises test to examine cryptocurrency efficiency.We used a sample of daily prices for the six largest cryptocurrencies,covering the period from September 11,2017,to September 30,2022.Cryptocurrencies are found to be weakly efficient but exhibit heterogeneous levels of efficiency across currencies.Extraordinary events(COVID-19 and R-U)play a vital role in the degree of efficiency,where a trend toward inefficiency appears in all cryptocurrencies except for Ethereum Classic and Ripple.During the COVID-19 pandemic,the degree of inefficiency was higher than the level of inefficiency during R-U.This study provides useful guidance for investors and portfolio diversifiers to adjust their asset allocations during normal and stressful market periods.
文摘The main objective of this study is to investigate tail risk connectedness among six major cryptocurrency markets and determine the extent to which investor sentiment,economic conditions,and economic uncertainty can predict tail risk interconnectedness.Combining the Conditional Autoregressive Value-at-Risk(CAViaR)model with the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive(TVP-VAR)approach shows that the transmission of tail risks among cryptocurrencies changes dynamically over time.During crises and significant events,transmission bursts and tail risks change.Based on both in-and out-of-sample forecasts,we find that the information contained in investor sentiment,economic conditions,and uncertainty includes significant predictive content about the tail risk connectedness of cryptocurrencies.
基金supported by QNRF under the Grant Number NPRP11C-1229-170007 from the Qatar National Research Fund(a member of Qatar foundation).
文摘This study investigates the role of financial literacy(FL),perceived access to finance(PAF),information communication technology(ICT)usage,and digitization in alleviating the level of credit constraint that micro,small,and medium enterprises(MSMEs)face in an emerging market.We draw on the economic research theories of human capital,knowledge-based view,and lifecycle hypothesis to explain the relationship between the variables.Using survey data collected from 333 MSME importers in Qatar—a country with heavy reliance on foreign goods—we find strong evidence that FL,PAF,ICT usage,and digitization are key determinants of Qatari MSME access to credit.In particular,PAF and FL are significant and have their expected signs in almost all the Probit regressions.For ICT usage and digitization,although they are key determinants of credit constraints,the findings are more sensitive and dependent on the type of financing and the resulting type of credit constraint.
文摘The increasing fluency of advanced language models,such as GPT-3.5,GPT-4,and the recently introduced DeepSeek,challenges the ability to distinguish between human-authored and AI-generated academic writing.This situation is raising significant concerns regarding the integrity and authenticity of academic work.In light of the above,the current research evaluates the effectiveness of Bidirectional Long Short-TermMemory(BiLSTM)networks enhanced with pre-trained GloVe(Global Vectors for Word Representation)embeddings to detect AIgenerated scientific Abstracts drawn from the AI-GA(Artificial Intelligence Generated Abstracts)dataset.Two core BiLSTM variants were assessed:a single-layer approach and a dual-layer design,each tested under static or adaptive embeddings.The single-layer model achieved nearly 97%accuracy with trainable GloVe,occasionally surpassing the deeper model.Despite these gains,neither configuration fully matched the 98.7%benchmark set by an earlier LSTMWord2Vec pipeline.Some runs were over-fitted when embeddings were fine-tuned,whereas static embeddings offered a slightly lower yet stable accuracy of around 96%.This lingering gap reinforces a key ethical and procedural concern:relying solely on automated tools,such as Turnitin’s AI-detection features,to penalize individuals’risks and unjust outcomes.Misclassifications,whether legitimate work is misread as AI-generated or engineered text,evade detection,demonstrating that these classifiers should not stand as the sole arbiters of authenticity.Amore comprehensive approach is warranted,one which weaves model outputs into a systematic process supported by expert judgment and institutional guidelines designed to protect originality.
文摘Purpose:Service convenience explores how consumers perceive the time and effort associated with purchasing or using a service.It examines the impact of convenience on customer satisfaction,loyalty,and behavioral intentions,often considering various dimensions like access,search,and transaction convenience.The reviews also investigate how service convenience interacts with other factors like service quality,perceived value,and customer satisfaction.Therefore,this paper seeks to analyze the dispersed academic literature on service convenience research.This paper reviews the existing literature on service convenience and examines the directions in which the past studies have focused.It highlights the gap in existing literature to identify future research directions in service convenience domain.Through this review,this study aims to gain insights into various aspects including research methodology,framework,trends,important factors related to service convenience.Design/methodology/approach:Data were collected from an objective overview of service convenience research.This study used a systematic literature review approach.A total of 13 papers were published between 2012 and 2024.Selected from the Scopus database,and Emerald Insight,following specific criteria outlined in the PRISMA process.Findings:In the context of customer satisfaction research,analysis often reveals that satisfaction can be organized into several main themes.Here are five variables that frequently appear in on customer satisfaction,customer loyalty,behavioral intentions,often considering various dimensions like access,search,and transaction convenience.The analysis shows a significant spike in conveniencebased accounting research from 2012 to 2024,indicating growing interest in the topic.
文摘The feasibility of using a problem-dependent method to solve systems of second order ODEs is corroborated by an eigen-based theory and a methodology to develop such a numerical method is constructed.The key steps of this methodology are to decouple a system of ODEs of second order into a set of uncoupled ODEs of second order;next,an eigen-dependent method is proposed to approximate the solution of each uncoupled ODE of second order.It is vital to transform all eigen-dependent methods to a problem-dependent method to bypass an Eigen analysis.The development of an eigen-dependent method plays a key role in this methodology so that slow eigenmodes can be accurately integrated while there is no instability or excessive amplitude growth in fast eigenmodes.This can explain why a problem-dependent method can simultaneously combine the explicitness of each step and A-stability.Consequently,huge computational efforts can be saved for solving nonlinear stiff problems.A new family of problem-dependent methods is developed in this work so that the feasibility of the proposed methodology can be affirmed.It has almost the same performance as that of the HHT-αmethod.However,it can save more than 99.5%of CPU demand in approximating a solution for a system of 1000 nonlinear second order ODEs.
基金Supported by Shandong Social Science Planning Project(07CSHZ05)
文摘In Japan, the per capita arable land area is small, the natural resources are short, and agricultural production has the typical characteristics of the peasant economy. Even if there are many unfavorable conditions, the level of agricultural modernization of Japan has exceeded that of many developed countries. We conduct comparative analysis on the development characteristics of China's agriculture and Japan's agriculture, and summarize the realization path of Japan's agricultural modernization. Based on the reality of China, we can draw on the following experience from Japan: establishing and improving the agricultural legislation for agriculture; improving the rural cooperative economic organizations; deepening the reform of the agricultural land property right system; increasing the government's direct funds input of into agriculture; improving the agricultural technology extension system.
文摘Abundant potential of renewable energy(RE)in Indonesia is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion year by year.However,until now,the use of RE has only reached 2%of the existing potential of 441.7 GW.The main overview of this work is to investigate the availability of RE that can be utilized for electricity generation in Indonesia.National energy demand and targets in the long run during the 2017-2050 period are also discussed.Besides,government policies in supporting RE development are considered in this work.The results show that the potential of RE in Indonesia can be utilized and might replace conventional energy for decades.The use of RE for electricity generation can be achieved by employing a government policy that supports the investor as the executor of RE development.The selling price of electricity generated from RE is cheaper than electricity generated from fossils;this makes economy is more affordable for people.Finally,the target set by the government for utilizing RE as the main energy in Indonesia can be done by implementing several policies for the RE development.Thus,greenhouse gas emissions and the use of petroleum fuels can be reduced.
