Accounting's emphasis has changed from standard financial reporting to sustainability reporting that takes environmental factors into account as a result of the sustainable development paradigm's evolution.In ...Accounting's emphasis has changed from standard financial reporting to sustainability reporting that takes environmental factors into account as a result of the sustainable development paradigm's evolution.In order to facilitate the incorporation of environmental data into the ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)reporting framework,green accounting has become a popular strategic approach.A comprehensive evaluation of recent research on the effects of green accounting on the quality of ESG disclosure,risk perception,and investment decision-making,as well as the use of digital technology in corporate operations,is the goal of this study.By analyzing 74 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2021 and 2024,this study finds that the integration of green accounting enhances the transparency and accountability of environmental reporting,influences firm valuation,and serves as a credibility signal to the market.Furthermore,the adoption of technologies such as AI,blockchain,and big data has proven to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of green accounting practices,although technical and resource-related challenges remain,particularly in developing countries and the SME sector.This study makes both theoretical and practical contributions to support more sustainable decision-making and proposes a future research agenda that position green accounting as a strategic instrument within the green economy.展开更多
This study analyses IASB＇s stipulations on fair value usage in its standard designed for SMEs and the reactions of national standard setters, preparers and users of financial reporting in this respect. It tries to cl...This study analyses IASB＇s stipulations on fair value usage in its standard designed for SMEs and the reactions of national standard setters, preparers and users of financial reporting in this respect. It tries to clarify fair value applications such as market value and value in use and the appropriateness of their usage for the case on hand. This research determines the inconsistencies within IASB ED IFRSfor SMEs （2007） related to the usage of fair value, underlined by the respondents＇ comment letters. The content analysis of all the above, conducted according to the type of economy and nature of respondent, along with the statistical techniques applied, indicates a partial approval of fair value usage under the following conditions： clarification of the concept, details on its usage in relation to market liquidity and the nature of the asset, additional guidance regarding the measurement methods. We advocate for the value in use, an application of the fair value based on internal valuations, which offers an adequate cost-benefit rate. The final version ofIFRSfor SMEs highlights both the preference of market information over the internal valuations and the insufficient information regarding solutions suited for non-liquid markets. It may be appropriate for the IASB, maybe in collaboration with the IVSC, to provide guidance and details regarding the implementation and disclosure of the valuation techniques applicable to this type of entities.展开更多
We perform an empirical analysis on the benefits of, and the challenges faced by, sustainability accounting in measuring the effects of climate change for a sample of Spanish rice farms. We use farm yields, revenues a...We perform an empirical analysis on the benefits of, and the challenges faced by, sustainability accounting in measuring the effects of climate change for a sample of Spanish rice farms. We use farm yields, revenues and incomes as indicators of economic performance, and greenhouse gas emissions, and direct and indirect energy consumption as indicators of climate change effects. According to our data, farms with higher yields, revenues and income are responsible for a greater environmental impact, measured in total gigajoules of energy consumed and tons of carbon dioxide emitted, than farms with a lower economic performance. Results show that in our sample the achievement of higher yields is attributable to the greater use of chemical inputs and fossil fuels and not to innovative and sustainable farming practices. The results indicate that accounting for climate change effects is not only possible but also necessary to provide more accurate information on the overall costs and benefits of farming. Greater transparency in accounting information should serve to highlight which farming activities are better able to reduce climate change impacts.展开更多
Value relevance of accounting information analyses the relationship between accounting information and the mar—ket-value of equity.At present,the study of the value relevance gets into trouble:the correlation is not ...Value relevance of accounting information analyses the relationship between accounting information and the mar—ket-value of equity.At present,the study of the value relevance gets into trouble:the correlation is not high;a lot of findings are inconsistent.Through literature review,this paper analyses the logical origin and evolution of value relevance,points out that there are some flaws such as tacitly treeing capital market as semi-strong eficient,investors as rational an d their beliefs as homogeneous,pm—poses an approach to improve value relevan ce of accounting inform ation,and puts forward some advices for future study of value relevan ce of accounting information and policy-making.展开更多
In this study we examine the validity of the earnings-book value capitalization model in the pricing of bank stocks in Europe. We perform cross-sectional tests using a sample of banks operating in 21 European Union co...In this study we examine the validity of the earnings-book value capitalization model in the pricing of bank stocks in Europe. We perform cross-sectional tests using a sample of banks operating in 21 European Union countries. We split our sample into code and common law countries to control for the influence of the financial reporting system upon the pricing of earnings and book value. Our empirical findings suggest that disaggregating total reported clean surplus income into reported gains and losses from securities and other income increases the explanatory power of the accounting valuation model. Indeed, reported gains and losses from securities are priced lower than other income, irrespective of whether the financial reporting system is classified as a code or a common law system, probably because the market considers the former as a less stable source of income. Additionally, we observe that the pricing of both earnings and book value is influenced by the financial reporting system. We conclude that earnings announced under a common law financial reporting system are priced differently from those reported under the respective code law system. Finally, we provide evidence that comprehensive and dirty surplus income are two value relevant variables for banks reporting earnings under the code law system, although dirty surplus income is priced lower than clean surplus income.展开更多
This study explores ethical violations and audit failures in various large-scale corporate fraud cases.Using a qualitative descriptive method and based on secondary data from documented fraud cases and published audit...This study explores ethical violations and audit failures in various large-scale corporate fraud cases.Using a qualitative descriptive method and based on secondary data from documented fraud cases and published audit reports,the study applies the Fraud Triangle framework,focusing on how weak integrity,objectivity,and professional competence have undermined public trust in the auditing profession.Using a qualitative descriptive method and the Fraud Triangle framework,which includes pressure,opportunity,and rationalization,the study analyzes cases from Indonesia(SNP Finance,Jiwasraya),China(Evergrande),and Germany(Wirecard).The analysis reveals that many audit failures observed in this study appear to stem more from ethical challenges than from technical incapability,driven by client pressure,weak internal controls,and compromised auditor independence.These cases demonstrate a recurring global pattern in which auditors neglect their responsibility to act in the public interest.展开更多
This study investigates the spatial courting between digital economic signs and local monetary overall performance throughout ten provinces in Sumatra,Indonesia,from 2019 to 2022.As digitalization hastens economic and...This study investigates the spatial courting between digital economic signs and local monetary overall performance throughout ten provinces in Sumatra,Indonesia,from 2019 to 2022.As digitalization hastens economic and business sports,devices together with fintech lending,e-cash,debit card usage,and e-commerce are increasingly more diagnosed as capability drivers of regional increase.But,the unequal distribution of digital infrastructure and monetary literacy across regions raises issues approximately the inclusivity of these benefits.constructing upon current findings by using Miranti et al.(2024),this research employs spatial econometric fashions-particularly the Spatial Lag model(SLM)and Spatial mistakes model(SEM)-to evaluate how digital variables influence provincial financial overall performance while accounting for spatial spillover consequences.The results reveal that fintech lending and debit card usage exert a positive and significant impact on economic growth,whereas the effect of e-money is negative,suggesting potential substitution effects or access constraints.Spatial dependency is also evident,as demonstrated by the significant lambda coefficient in the SEM model.These findings highlight the importance of spatially coordinated digital policies,particularly in addressing disparities and enhancing digital financial inclusion.The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at fostering inclusive and spatially balanced digital economic development in Sumatra.展开更多
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and automation has significantly transformed the accounting profession,shifting the role of accountants from routine data processors to strategic decision makers and...The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and automation has significantly transformed the accounting profession,shifting the role of accountants from routine data processors to strategic decision makers and ethical stewards of technology.This conceptual study explores how AI and automation are reshaping accounting tasks,transforming required competencies,and redefining professional responsibilities.By analyzing relevant literature and theoretical frameworks,this paper identifies the evolving skill sets,both technical such as data analytics and AI literacy,and nontechnical such as critical thinking and ethical judgment,that are essential for modern accountants.The study also emphasizes the importance of continuous education,ethical integrity,and adaptive learning in navigating the digital transformation of accounting.Ultimately,this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how accountants can maintain relevance and add value in an increasingly automated and data driven environment.展开更多
This study analyzes the impact of profitability,firm size,and capital structure on firm value within the manufacturing sector.Utilizing a descriptive literature-based method,this research synthesizes various findings ...This study analyzes the impact of profitability,firm size,and capital structure on firm value within the manufacturing sector.Utilizing a descriptive literature-based method,this research synthesizes various findings from previous studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationships among these variables.Profitability,often measured by Return on Assets(ROA)or Return on Equity(ROE),is expected to have a positive relationship with firm value as it reflects a company’s ability to generate profits.Firm size,measured by total assets or the logarithm of sales,is also assumed to influence firm value,both through economies of scale and better access to capital markets.Meanwhile,capital structure,measured by Debt to Equity Ratio(DER)or Debt to Asset Ratio(DAR),has a complex impact;while debt can enhance firm value through tax shields,excessive debt levels can increase financial risk and potentially decrease firm value.The synthesis of literature indicates a general consensus on the importance of profitability and firm size in shaping firm value,though there is variation in the significance and direction of the relationship for capital structure variables.This study provides important implications for company managers and investors in making strategic decisions related to resource allocation and selecting an optimal capital structure to enhance firm value.展开更多
As it leads to a significant transformation under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative,artificial intelligence(AI)is changing the course of corporate systems,including financial reporting.This research examines the ...As it leads to a significant transformation under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative,artificial intelligence(AI)is changing the course of corporate systems,including financial reporting.This research examines the role of AI in advancing financial reporting quality(FRQ)in the Kingdom’s evolving movement toward improved economy and governance.Using qualitative methodology informed by semi-structured interviews with senior finance leaders,auditors,and regulatory professionals in key sectors,the study reveals rich details about how AI technologies can-and will-be realized today,and how they can effectively improve reporting accuracy,timeliness,transparency,and regulatory compliance.The study helpfully outlines several dimensions where,as sworn,AI is advancing FRQ by automating a range of complicated data-intensive tasks,examining and identifying irregularities,and contributing to real-time decision making.Participants explained that AI would reinforce FRQ by ensuring ethical and transparent governance and enabling investment in co-human collaborative decision-making.The findings relate to agency and stakeholder theories.The research supports the notion that AI reduces information asymmetry and builds trust with investors and regulators.This study adds to a small number of qualitative studies on AI and financial governance in emerging economies and has important implications for policymakers,corporate actors,and standard setters.Moreover,it demonstrates the requirement for a collaborative national AI governance approach to ensure optimized value under the full potential of digital transformation and financial reporting standards.Future studies may explore longitudinal or cross-country comparative studies to further develop these insights and understanding.展开更多
The recent surge in global financial and patent innovations and rising CO_(2) emissions in the global energy sector have drawn significant attention to China’s transportation industry.This study examines how financia...The recent surge in global financial and patent innovations and rising CO_(2) emissions in the global energy sector have drawn significant attention to China’s transportation industry.This study examines how financial innovations(FINI),patent innovations(PTIN),and bioenergy(BIOE)affect CO_(2) emissions in China’s transportation sector(TBCO_(2))using quarterly data from 2000 to 2018.This study employed a novel wavelet local multiple correlation(WLMC)methodology,alongside the time-varying causality test,to examine the time–frequency nexus,addressing a critical gap in the current literature.The WLMC bivariate analyses revealed a negative long-term relationship between PTIN and FINI with TBCO_(2).At the same time,BIOE showed only a short-term mitigating effect,with PTIN playing a dominant role in this nexus at various frequency levels.Furthermore,the three-and four-variate assessments highlight the consistent positive influence of all included factors on TBCO_(2).A timevarying causality test also demonstrated significant causal relationships between FINI,PTIN,BIOE,and TBCO_(2) across different periods,confirming the robustness of our WLMC results.This study provides crucial insights,emphasizing the urgency of promoting FINIs,technological advancement,and bioenergy usage to reduce transportation emissions and pursue sustainable solutions to address China’s environmental challenges.展开更多
In Japan, the per capita arable land area is small, the natural resources are short, and agricultural production has the typical characteristics of the peasant economy. Even if there are many unfavorable conditions, t...In Japan, the per capita arable land area is small, the natural resources are short, and agricultural production has the typical characteristics of the peasant economy. Even if there are many unfavorable conditions, the level of agricultural modernization of Japan has exceeded that of many developed countries. We conduct comparative analysis on the development characteristics of China's agriculture and Japan's agriculture, and summarize the realization path of Japan's agricultural modernization. Based on the reality of China, we can draw on the following experience from Japan: establishing and improving the agricultural legislation for agriculture; improving the rural cooperative economic organizations; deepening the reform of the agricultural land property right system; increasing the government's direct funds input of into agriculture; improving the agricultural technology extension system.展开更多
Abundant potential of renewable energy(RE)in Indonesia is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion year by year.However,until now,the use of RE has only reached 2%of the existin...Abundant potential of renewable energy(RE)in Indonesia is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion year by year.However,until now,the use of RE has only reached 2%of the existing potential of 441.7 GW.The main overview of this work is to investigate the availability of RE that can be utilized for electricity generation in Indonesia.National energy demand and targets in the long run during the 2017-2050 period are also discussed.Besides,government policies in supporting RE development are considered in this work.The results show that the potential of RE in Indonesia can be utilized and might replace conventional energy for decades.The use of RE for electricity generation can be achieved by employing a government policy that supports the investor as the executor of RE development.The selling price of electricity generated from RE is cheaper than electricity generated from fossils;this makes economy is more affordable for people.Finally,the target set by the government for utilizing RE as the main energy in Indonesia can be done by implementing several policies for the RE development.Thus,greenhouse gas emissions and the use of petroleum fuels can be reduced.展开更多
Purpose:This paper aims to examine how the adoption decision of the internet banking in North Cyprus would be affected based on the following dimensions;the technology features,the personal characteristics,the social ...Purpose:This paper aims to examine how the adoption decision of the internet banking in North Cyprus would be affected based on the following dimensions;the technology features,the personal characteristics,the social environment and the expected risk.Design/methodology/approach:A self-administered survey was conducted with 291 participants responded to it.The partial least square approach of the structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)is employed to investigate the direct effects of the proposed factors on the adoption decision.Additionally,the mediation test is used to examine indirect effects.Findings:Results showed that even though the participants appreciated the benefits of the online banking as the perceived usefulness factor exerts the greatest direct effect,they would rather use clear and easy-to-use websites,adding to that their assessments of the usefulness of these services are significantly influenced by the surrounding people’s views and prior experience.This is demonstrated by the total effects of the perceived ease of use and the subjective norm factors,which are greater than the direct effect of the perceived usefulness factor since both of these factors have significant direct and indirect effects mediated by the perceived usefulness factor.The negative impact of the perceived risk factor is weak compared to the previous factors.While the personal innovativeness factor showed the weakest effect among the proposed factors.展开更多
This research aims to expose deployment challenges of offshore renewable energy systems in developing countries. The investigation of the deployment model covers climate conditions, economic conditions, necessary infr...This research aims to expose deployment challenges of offshore renewable energy systems in developing countries. The investigation of the deployment model covers climate conditions, economic conditions, necessary infrastructure services and wind power by considering the case of Cyprus Island which is one of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) countries. The convenience of Offshore Energy Systems to the territory and their systematic proper work is an important issue. Because of that, the setting up of Offshore Wind Energy Tribunes in Cyprus, the planning process, structuring of cost values and necessary resources, the investigation of the geographic conditions for obtaining the energy flow and assessment of these conditions for Offshore Wind Tribunes are the prime objectives of this study. The orientation period and the applicable qualifications of the offshore energy systems were evaluated on the basis of the world wide references. The study is concluded by the estimation of the advantages and disadvantages of the system for Cyprus.展开更多
Background:The purpose of the study is to understand the role of cash flow sensitivity to investment as a measure of financial constraints among listed Indian manufacturing firms.It also analyses the role of tangibili...Background:The purpose of the study is to understand the role of cash flow sensitivity to investment as a measure of financial constraints among listed Indian manufacturing firms.It also analyses the role of tangibility in alleviating financial constraints.Further,the role of other financial factors in investment decisions is explored.Methods:The study is conducted using the generalized method of moments(GMM)estimator on dynamic panel data for the period of(2009–2015)on 768 listed manufacturing firms.Results:The analysis finds that cash flow sensitivity is a valid measure of financial constraints in the Indian manufacturing sector.Results according to splitting criteria found that investment decisions of standalone firms are more sensitive to cash flow than group affiliated firms.Further,splitting the firms according to market capitalization and tangible net worth reveals a higher degree of cash flow sensitivity by firms with lower market capitalization and asset tangibility.The results for the effects of tangibility of assets on easing financial constraint were found significant only in the case of firms with low tangible net worth and medium market capitalization.Conclusions:The study confirms cash flow sensitivity to investment as a valid measure of financial constraints.It will confirm pooling of internal funds by financially constrained firms to accept profitable investment opportunities in future.Further,it also reports that asset tangibility eases the financial constraints faced by firms.展开更多
An in-depth study of the energy related carbon emissions has important practical significance for carbon emissions reduction and structural adjustment in Shandong Province and throughout China.Based on the perspective...An in-depth study of the energy related carbon emissions has important practical significance for carbon emissions reduction and structural adjustment in Shandong Province and throughout China.Based on the perspective of industrial structure,the expanded KAYA equation to measure the energy related carbon emissions of the primary industries(Resources and Agriculture)and secondary industries(Manufacturing and Construction)and tertiary industries(Retail and Service)was utilized in Shandong Province from 2011 to 2017.The carbon emissions among industries in Shandong Province were empirically analyzed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition approach.The results were follows:(1)Under the three industrial dimensions,the energy structure effect and the energy intensity effect have a restraining influence on the carbon emissions of the three industries.(2)The development level effect and the employment scale effect play a pulling role in carbon emissions.(3)From the perspective of the employment structure effect of the primary industry,there is a restraining effect on carbon emissions,while the employment structure effects of the secondary and tertiary industries play a pulling role in carbon emissions,and the employment structure effect of the tertiary industry has a greater pulling effect on carbon emissions than the secondary industry.展开更多
This paper studies the effect of option trading on corporate investment and financing policies.Based on prior literature,I hypothesize that option market induces informed trading and thus reduces information asymmetry...This paper studies the effect of option trading on corporate investment and financing policies.Based on prior literature,I hypothesize that option market induces informed trading and thus reduces information asymmetry and the cost of capital.As a result,firms with high option trading have more investment and financing.Specifically,based on the United States public data,this paper finds that option trading volume increases corporate investment and financing,but reduces cash holdings and corporate payouts.These results are robust to the inclusion of industry or firm fixed effect,a control for endogenous options trading,and the use of alternative measures of option trading and corporate policies.The effect of option trading is stronger for firms with higher information asymmetry problems.Finally,this paper finds the results are inconsistent with the“quiet Life”hypothesis and the catering hypothesis.展开更多
Fatigue is usually the cause for the cracks identified at bridge elements in service. With an increase in the introduction of corrugated steel web girders in recent highway bridge construction, the understanding of th...Fatigue is usually the cause for the cracks identified at bridge elements in service. With an increase in the introduction of corrugated steel web girders in recent highway bridge construction, the understanding of the fatigue behaviour of welded details in such structures becomes an important issue for the design. The typical welded details were represented as welded joints assembled by longitudinal corrugated plates. All the experiments were performed under fatigue loading using a servo-control testing machine. The test results from the failure mode observation with the aid of infrared thermo-graph technology show that the failure manner of these welded joints is comparable to that of the corrugated steel web beams reported previously. It is indicated from the stiffness degradation analysis that the welded joints with larger corrugation angle have higher stiffness and greater stiffness degradation in the notable stiffness degradation range. It is shown from the test S-N relations based on the free regression and forced regression analyses that there is a good linear dependence between lg(N) and lg(ΔS). It is also demonstrated that the proposed fracture mechanics analytical model is able to give a prediction slightly lower but on the safe side for the mean stresses at 2 million cycles of the test welded joints.展开更多
文摘Accounting's emphasis has changed from standard financial reporting to sustainability reporting that takes environmental factors into account as a result of the sustainable development paradigm's evolution.In order to facilitate the incorporation of environmental data into the ESG(Environmental,Social,and Governance)reporting framework,green accounting has become a popular strategic approach.A comprehensive evaluation of recent research on the effects of green accounting on the quality of ESG disclosure,risk perception,and investment decision-making,as well as the use of digital technology in corporate operations,is the goal of this study.By analyzing 74 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2021 and 2024,this study finds that the integration of green accounting enhances the transparency and accountability of environmental reporting,influences firm valuation,and serves as a credibility signal to the market.Furthermore,the adoption of technologies such as AI,blockchain,and big data has proven to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of green accounting practices,although technical and resource-related challenges remain,particularly in developing countries and the SME sector.This study makes both theoretical and practical contributions to support more sustainable decision-making and proposes a future research agenda that position green accounting as a strategic instrument within the green economy.
文摘This study analyses IASB＇s stipulations on fair value usage in its standard designed for SMEs and the reactions of national standard setters, preparers and users of financial reporting in this respect. It tries to clarify fair value applications such as market value and value in use and the appropriateness of their usage for the case on hand. This research determines the inconsistencies within IASB ED IFRSfor SMEs （2007） related to the usage of fair value, underlined by the respondents＇ comment letters. The content analysis of all the above, conducted according to the type of economy and nature of respondent, along with the statistical techniques applied, indicates a partial approval of fair value usage under the following conditions： clarification of the concept, details on its usage in relation to market liquidity and the nature of the asset, additional guidance regarding the measurement methods. We advocate for the value in use, an application of the fair value based on internal valuations, which offers an adequate cost-benefit rate. The final version ofIFRSfor SMEs highlights both the preference of market information over the internal valuations and the insufficient information regarding solutions suited for non-liquid markets. It may be appropriate for the IASB, maybe in collaboration with the IVSC, to provide guidance and details regarding the implementation and disclosure of the valuation techniques applicable to this type of entities.
文摘We perform an empirical analysis on the benefits of, and the challenges faced by, sustainability accounting in measuring the effects of climate change for a sample of Spanish rice farms. We use farm yields, revenues and incomes as indicators of economic performance, and greenhouse gas emissions, and direct and indirect energy consumption as indicators of climate change effects. According to our data, farms with higher yields, revenues and income are responsible for a greater environmental impact, measured in total gigajoules of energy consumed and tons of carbon dioxide emitted, than farms with a lower economic performance. Results show that in our sample the achievement of higher yields is attributable to the greater use of chemical inputs and fossil fuels and not to innovative and sustainable farming practices. The results indicate that accounting for climate change effects is not only possible but also necessary to provide more accurate information on the overall costs and benefits of farming. Greater transparency in accounting information should serve to highlight which farming activities are better able to reduce climate change impacts.
文摘Value relevance of accounting information analyses the relationship between accounting information and the mar—ket-value of equity.At present,the study of the value relevance gets into trouble:the correlation is not high;a lot of findings are inconsistent.Through literature review,this paper analyses the logical origin and evolution of value relevance,points out that there are some flaws such as tacitly treeing capital market as semi-strong eficient,investors as rational an d their beliefs as homogeneous,pm—poses an approach to improve value relevan ce of accounting inform ation,and puts forward some advices for future study of value relevan ce of accounting information and policy-making.
文摘In this study we examine the validity of the earnings-book value capitalization model in the pricing of bank stocks in Europe. We perform cross-sectional tests using a sample of banks operating in 21 European Union countries. We split our sample into code and common law countries to control for the influence of the financial reporting system upon the pricing of earnings and book value. Our empirical findings suggest that disaggregating total reported clean surplus income into reported gains and losses from securities and other income increases the explanatory power of the accounting valuation model. Indeed, reported gains and losses from securities are priced lower than other income, irrespective of whether the financial reporting system is classified as a code or a common law system, probably because the market considers the former as a less stable source of income. Additionally, we observe that the pricing of both earnings and book value is influenced by the financial reporting system. We conclude that earnings announced under a common law financial reporting system are priced differently from those reported under the respective code law system. Finally, we provide evidence that comprehensive and dirty surplus income are two value relevant variables for banks reporting earnings under the code law system, although dirty surplus income is priced lower than clean surplus income.
文摘This study explores ethical violations and audit failures in various large-scale corporate fraud cases.Using a qualitative descriptive method and based on secondary data from documented fraud cases and published audit reports,the study applies the Fraud Triangle framework,focusing on how weak integrity,objectivity,and professional competence have undermined public trust in the auditing profession.Using a qualitative descriptive method and the Fraud Triangle framework,which includes pressure,opportunity,and rationalization,the study analyzes cases from Indonesia(SNP Finance,Jiwasraya),China(Evergrande),and Germany(Wirecard).The analysis reveals that many audit failures observed in this study appear to stem more from ethical challenges than from technical incapability,driven by client pressure,weak internal controls,and compromised auditor independence.These cases demonstrate a recurring global pattern in which auditors neglect their responsibility to act in the public interest.
文摘This study investigates the spatial courting between digital economic signs and local monetary overall performance throughout ten provinces in Sumatra,Indonesia,from 2019 to 2022.As digitalization hastens economic and business sports,devices together with fintech lending,e-cash,debit card usage,and e-commerce are increasingly more diagnosed as capability drivers of regional increase.But,the unequal distribution of digital infrastructure and monetary literacy across regions raises issues approximately the inclusivity of these benefits.constructing upon current findings by using Miranti et al.(2024),this research employs spatial econometric fashions-particularly the Spatial Lag model(SLM)and Spatial mistakes model(SEM)-to evaluate how digital variables influence provincial financial overall performance while accounting for spatial spillover consequences.The results reveal that fintech lending and debit card usage exert a positive and significant impact on economic growth,whereas the effect of e-money is negative,suggesting potential substitution effects or access constraints.Spatial dependency is also evident,as demonstrated by the significant lambda coefficient in the SEM model.These findings highlight the importance of spatially coordinated digital policies,particularly in addressing disparities and enhancing digital financial inclusion.The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at fostering inclusive and spatially balanced digital economic development in Sumatra.
文摘The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and automation has significantly transformed the accounting profession,shifting the role of accountants from routine data processors to strategic decision makers and ethical stewards of technology.This conceptual study explores how AI and automation are reshaping accounting tasks,transforming required competencies,and redefining professional responsibilities.By analyzing relevant literature and theoretical frameworks,this paper identifies the evolving skill sets,both technical such as data analytics and AI literacy,and nontechnical such as critical thinking and ethical judgment,that are essential for modern accountants.The study also emphasizes the importance of continuous education,ethical integrity,and adaptive learning in navigating the digital transformation of accounting.Ultimately,this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how accountants can maintain relevance and add value in an increasingly automated and data driven environment.
文摘This study analyzes the impact of profitability,firm size,and capital structure on firm value within the manufacturing sector.Utilizing a descriptive literature-based method,this research synthesizes various findings from previous studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationships among these variables.Profitability,often measured by Return on Assets(ROA)or Return on Equity(ROE),is expected to have a positive relationship with firm value as it reflects a company’s ability to generate profits.Firm size,measured by total assets or the logarithm of sales,is also assumed to influence firm value,both through economies of scale and better access to capital markets.Meanwhile,capital structure,measured by Debt to Equity Ratio(DER)or Debt to Asset Ratio(DAR),has a complex impact;while debt can enhance firm value through tax shields,excessive debt levels can increase financial risk and potentially decrease firm value.The synthesis of literature indicates a general consensus on the importance of profitability and firm size in shaping firm value,though there is variation in the significance and direction of the relationship for capital structure variables.This study provides important implications for company managers and investors in making strategic decisions related to resource allocation and selecting an optimal capital structure to enhance firm value.
文摘As it leads to a significant transformation under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative,artificial intelligence(AI)is changing the course of corporate systems,including financial reporting.This research examines the role of AI in advancing financial reporting quality(FRQ)in the Kingdom’s evolving movement toward improved economy and governance.Using qualitative methodology informed by semi-structured interviews with senior finance leaders,auditors,and regulatory professionals in key sectors,the study reveals rich details about how AI technologies can-and will-be realized today,and how they can effectively improve reporting accuracy,timeliness,transparency,and regulatory compliance.The study helpfully outlines several dimensions where,as sworn,AI is advancing FRQ by automating a range of complicated data-intensive tasks,examining and identifying irregularities,and contributing to real-time decision making.Participants explained that AI would reinforce FRQ by ensuring ethical and transparent governance and enabling investment in co-human collaborative decision-making.The findings relate to agency and stakeholder theories.The research supports the notion that AI reduces information asymmetry and builds trust with investors and regulators.This study adds to a small number of qualitative studies on AI and financial governance in emerging economies and has important implications for policymakers,corporate actors,and standard setters.Moreover,it demonstrates the requirement for a collaborative national AI governance approach to ensure optimized value under the full potential of digital transformation and financial reporting standards.Future studies may explore longitudinal or cross-country comparative studies to further develop these insights and understanding.
基金supported by Key Project of National Social Fund of China(21AGL014).
文摘The recent surge in global financial and patent innovations and rising CO_(2) emissions in the global energy sector have drawn significant attention to China’s transportation industry.This study examines how financial innovations(FINI),patent innovations(PTIN),and bioenergy(BIOE)affect CO_(2) emissions in China’s transportation sector(TBCO_(2))using quarterly data from 2000 to 2018.This study employed a novel wavelet local multiple correlation(WLMC)methodology,alongside the time-varying causality test,to examine the time–frequency nexus,addressing a critical gap in the current literature.The WLMC bivariate analyses revealed a negative long-term relationship between PTIN and FINI with TBCO_(2).At the same time,BIOE showed only a short-term mitigating effect,with PTIN playing a dominant role in this nexus at various frequency levels.Furthermore,the three-and four-variate assessments highlight the consistent positive influence of all included factors on TBCO_(2).A timevarying causality test also demonstrated significant causal relationships between FINI,PTIN,BIOE,and TBCO_(2) across different periods,confirming the robustness of our WLMC results.This study provides crucial insights,emphasizing the urgency of promoting FINIs,technological advancement,and bioenergy usage to reduce transportation emissions and pursue sustainable solutions to address China’s environmental challenges.
基金Supported by Shandong Social Science Planning Project(07CSHZ05)
文摘In Japan, the per capita arable land area is small, the natural resources are short, and agricultural production has the typical characteristics of the peasant economy. Even if there are many unfavorable conditions, the level of agricultural modernization of Japan has exceeded that of many developed countries. We conduct comparative analysis on the development characteristics of China's agriculture and Japan's agriculture, and summarize the realization path of Japan's agricultural modernization. Based on the reality of China, we can draw on the following experience from Japan: establishing and improving the agricultural legislation for agriculture; improving the rural cooperative economic organizations; deepening the reform of the agricultural land property right system; increasing the government's direct funds input of into agriculture; improving the agricultural technology extension system.
文摘Abundant potential of renewable energy(RE)in Indonesia is predicted to replace conventional energy which continues to experience depletion year by year.However,until now,the use of RE has only reached 2%of the existing potential of 441.7 GW.The main overview of this work is to investigate the availability of RE that can be utilized for electricity generation in Indonesia.National energy demand and targets in the long run during the 2017-2050 period are also discussed.Besides,government policies in supporting RE development are considered in this work.The results show that the potential of RE in Indonesia can be utilized and might replace conventional energy for decades.The use of RE for electricity generation can be achieved by employing a government policy that supports the investor as the executor of RE development.The selling price of electricity generated from RE is cheaper than electricity generated from fossils;this makes economy is more affordable for people.Finally,the target set by the government for utilizing RE as the main energy in Indonesia can be done by implementing several policies for the RE development.Thus,greenhouse gas emissions and the use of petroleum fuels can be reduced.
文摘Purpose:This paper aims to examine how the adoption decision of the internet banking in North Cyprus would be affected based on the following dimensions;the technology features,the personal characteristics,the social environment and the expected risk.Design/methodology/approach:A self-administered survey was conducted with 291 participants responded to it.The partial least square approach of the structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)is employed to investigate the direct effects of the proposed factors on the adoption decision.Additionally,the mediation test is used to examine indirect effects.Findings:Results showed that even though the participants appreciated the benefits of the online banking as the perceived usefulness factor exerts the greatest direct effect,they would rather use clear and easy-to-use websites,adding to that their assessments of the usefulness of these services are significantly influenced by the surrounding people’s views and prior experience.This is demonstrated by the total effects of the perceived ease of use and the subjective norm factors,which are greater than the direct effect of the perceived usefulness factor since both of these factors have significant direct and indirect effects mediated by the perceived usefulness factor.The negative impact of the perceived risk factor is weak compared to the previous factors.While the personal innovativeness factor showed the weakest effect among the proposed factors.
文摘This research aims to expose deployment challenges of offshore renewable energy systems in developing countries. The investigation of the deployment model covers climate conditions, economic conditions, necessary infrastructure services and wind power by considering the case of Cyprus Island which is one of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) countries. The convenience of Offshore Energy Systems to the territory and their systematic proper work is an important issue. Because of that, the setting up of Offshore Wind Energy Tribunes in Cyprus, the planning process, structuring of cost values and necessary resources, the investigation of the geographic conditions for obtaining the energy flow and assessment of these conditions for Offshore Wind Tribunes are the prime objectives of this study. The orientation period and the applicable qualifications of the offshore energy systems were evaluated on the basis of the world wide references. The study is concluded by the estimation of the advantages and disadvantages of the system for Cyprus.
基金This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors。
文摘Background:The purpose of the study is to understand the role of cash flow sensitivity to investment as a measure of financial constraints among listed Indian manufacturing firms.It also analyses the role of tangibility in alleviating financial constraints.Further,the role of other financial factors in investment decisions is explored.Methods:The study is conducted using the generalized method of moments(GMM)estimator on dynamic panel data for the period of(2009–2015)on 768 listed manufacturing firms.Results:The analysis finds that cash flow sensitivity is a valid measure of financial constraints in the Indian manufacturing sector.Results according to splitting criteria found that investment decisions of standalone firms are more sensitive to cash flow than group affiliated firms.Further,splitting the firms according to market capitalization and tangible net worth reveals a higher degree of cash flow sensitivity by firms with lower market capitalization and asset tangibility.The results for the effects of tangibility of assets on easing financial constraint were found significant only in the case of firms with low tangible net worth and medium market capitalization.Conclusions:The study confirms cash flow sensitivity to investment as a valid measure of financial constraints.It will confirm pooling of internal funds by financially constrained firms to accept profitable investment opportunities in future.Further,it also reports that asset tangibility eases the financial constraints faced by firms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 71804089 and 71771138Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grants 18YJCZH034 and 19YJC790128+2 种基金Jiangsu Post-doctoral Research Funding Plan(2018K195C)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China under Grant ZR2018LG003Social Science Planning Project Foundation of Shandong Province,China under Grant 16CGLJ09.
文摘An in-depth study of the energy related carbon emissions has important practical significance for carbon emissions reduction and structural adjustment in Shandong Province and throughout China.Based on the perspective of industrial structure,the expanded KAYA equation to measure the energy related carbon emissions of the primary industries(Resources and Agriculture)and secondary industries(Manufacturing and Construction)and tertiary industries(Retail and Service)was utilized in Shandong Province from 2011 to 2017.The carbon emissions among industries in Shandong Province were empirically analyzed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition approach.The results were follows:(1)Under the three industrial dimensions,the energy structure effect and the energy intensity effect have a restraining influence on the carbon emissions of the three industries.(2)The development level effect and the employment scale effect play a pulling role in carbon emissions.(3)From the perspective of the employment structure effect of the primary industry,there is a restraining effect on carbon emissions,while the employment structure effects of the secondary and tertiary industries play a pulling role in carbon emissions,and the employment structure effect of the tertiary industry has a greater pulling effect on carbon emissions than the secondary industry.
文摘This paper studies the effect of option trading on corporate investment and financing policies.Based on prior literature,I hypothesize that option market induces informed trading and thus reduces information asymmetry and the cost of capital.As a result,firms with high option trading have more investment and financing.Specifically,based on the United States public data,this paper finds that option trading volume increases corporate investment and financing,but reduces cash holdings and corporate payouts.These results are robust to the inclusion of industry or firm fixed effect,a control for endogenous options trading,and the use of alternative measures of option trading and corporate policies.The effect of option trading is stronger for firms with higher information asymmetry problems.Finally,this paper finds the results are inconsistent with the“quiet Life”hypothesis and the catering hypothesis.
基金Projects(51308363,11327801)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013-1792-9-4)supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese ScholarsProject(YJ201307)supported by the Start-up Research Fund for Introduced Talents of Sichuan University,China
文摘Fatigue is usually the cause for the cracks identified at bridge elements in service. With an increase in the introduction of corrugated steel web girders in recent highway bridge construction, the understanding of the fatigue behaviour of welded details in such structures becomes an important issue for the design. The typical welded details were represented as welded joints assembled by longitudinal corrugated plates. All the experiments were performed under fatigue loading using a servo-control testing machine. The test results from the failure mode observation with the aid of infrared thermo-graph technology show that the failure manner of these welded joints is comparable to that of the corrugated steel web beams reported previously. It is indicated from the stiffness degradation analysis that the welded joints with larger corrugation angle have higher stiffness and greater stiffness degradation in the notable stiffness degradation range. It is shown from the test S-N relations based on the free regression and forced regression analyses that there is a good linear dependence between lg(N) and lg(ΔS). It is also demonstrated that the proposed fracture mechanics analytical model is able to give a prediction slightly lower but on the safe side for the mean stresses at 2 million cycles of the test welded joints.
