The Almus Fault Zone(AFZ)is one of the major splay faults of the North Anatolian Fault Zone(NAFZ)and is important for understanding its tectonic features and assessing regional seismic hazards.This research presents t...The Almus Fault Zone(AFZ)is one of the major splay faults of the North Anatolian Fault Zone(NAFZ)and is important for understanding its tectonic features and assessing regional seismic hazards.This research presents the integration of morphometric indices to quantitatively assess the spatial variation of tectonic activity along the AFZ.The AFZ is an active fault with both strike-slip and normal fault components and consists of two main branches,Mercimekdağı-Çamdere Fault(MÇF)and Tokat Fault(TF)segments.This study aims to assess the relative tectonic activity of the AFZ using various morphometric indices,based on a 10 m resolution DEM,with the aid of ArcGIS and MATLAB software.For this purpose,morphometric indices such as hypsometric integral(HI:0.35-0.65),mountain front sinuosity(Smf:1.3-1.44),valley floor width-height ratio(Vf:0.15-2.28),asymmetry factor(AF:23-77),drainage basin shape(Bs:1.13-6.10)and normalized steepness index(ksn:1-498)were applied to 53 drainage basins.When the Smf and mean Vf indices results were evaluated,it was calculated that the uplift ratio of the region was more than 0.5 mm/yr.The spatial distribution of the relative tectonic activity(Iat)of the area was revealed by combining the obtained morphometric indices analysis results.According to the Iat result,it was concluded that the MercimekdağıÇamdere Fault and Tokat Fault segments have high tectonic activity,but the Mercimekdağı-Çamdere Fault segment has higher tectonic activity.The results obtained were also confirmed by field observations.This research provides valuable information for the evaluation of tectonic activity in drainage systems controlled by splay faults.展开更多
Perception of air pollution is subjective and context-dependent.Previous studies exploring the association between measured air pollution and perceived air quality mainly focused on air pollution levels measured in th...Perception of air pollution is subjective and context-dependent.Previous studies exploring the association between measured air pollution and perceived air quality mainly focused on air pollution levels measured in the residence-based(RB)or regional context,overlooking the mobility-based(MB)context in which people are exposed to air pollution.This study measures air pollution levels in MB,RB,and regional contexts and examines their relationships with perceived air quality across different neighborhoods and gender sub-groups of Hong Kong,China to investigate how people perceive air quality.The results indicate that particulate matter 2.5(PM_(2.5))measured in RB and the regional context significantly contributes to people’s perceived air quality compared to MB PM_(2.5).Individuals in Central and Western district of Hong Kong rely on RB,regional and MB PM_(2.5) to assess air pollution.In Sham Shui Po,RB PM_(2.5) exhibits the highest influence on people’s perceived air quality,followed by regional PM_(2.5).Women’s perceived air quality is strongly related to their RB PM_(2.5) exposure,while men’s perceived air quality is associated with both RB PM_(2.5) and regional PM_(2.5) levels.We conclude that neighborhood effects and mobility levels are the two most important factors influencing the association between meas-ured air pollution and perceived air quality.We reveal that the neighborhood effect averaging problem(NEAP)influences the associ-ation between perceived air quality and measured air pollution levels in a way that differs from health outcome-related studies.Effect-ive measures are needed to improve the public’s awareness of air pollution,and scientific control should be implemented to reduce pub-lic exposure.展开更多
Mount Kandil is situated in the eastern sector of the EAHP(Eastern Anatolian High Plateau),to the south of the Lesser Caucasus.The mountain lies at the westernmost end of the Aras Mountains,which extends approximately...Mount Kandil is situated in the eastern sector of the EAHP(Eastern Anatolian High Plateau),to the south of the Lesser Caucasus.The mountain lies at the westernmost end of the Aras Mountains,which extends approximately 80 km along a NW-SE axis.With a summit reaching~3214 m(a.s.l.),Mount Kandil is a stratovolcano that,like many other peaks within the EAHP and the Lesser Caucasus,experienced significant environmental changes during Late Pleistocene.Among these,glacial processes stand out as the most profound,having distinctly shaped the mountains geomorphic landscape.This study presents,for the first time,a comprehensive analysis of the glacial morphology of Mount Kandil based on multiple datasets.Field-based morphological observations indicate that an area of approximately 32.62 km^(2)has been sculpted by glacial activity.Within six glaciated regions on Mount Kandil,25 cirques and 6 glacial valleys have been identified.In addition,moraines in various locations exhibit characteristic morphologies.Furthermore,valley glaciers are inferred to have descended to altitudes as low as~2000 m.The paleoequilibrium line(p ELA)was estimated to use AABR method within GIS,yielding a mean pELA of~2730 m.Ice thickness modelling indicates that the thickness of glaciers in the Kandil Mountain valleys reaches up to~350 m.Due to its orographic extension,Mount Kandil is exposed to humid northwest winds and receives substantial frontal precipitation(~686 mm annually).The compiled geomorphic,cartographic and morphometric parameters suggest that the glaciation dynamics of Mount Kandil—situated between the Southeastern Taurus and the Lesser Caucasus—closely resemble those observed in the Lesser Caucasus.This indicates that glaciation was primarily governed by northern atmospheric systems with additional influences from southerly or westerly winds.The integrated data also underscores the role of multiple atmospheric systems in controlling the glaciation regime around the Lesser Caucasus.Additionally,findings on regional pELA question the common belief that pELA increases eastward in EAHP.展开更多
Background:Social connection is widely recognized as a protective determinant of health,yet its direct and indirect effects on mental health remain underexplored.This study examines the relationship between social con...Background:Social connection is widely recognized as a protective determinant of health,yet its direct and indirect effects on mental health remain underexplored.This study examines the relationship between social connection and mental health,focusing on the mediating role of quality of life(QoL)and the moderating effect of regional differences.Methods:We analyzed data from the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey,comprising 229,099 adults.Mental health was assessed through validated measures of depressive symptoms and psychological well-being.Social connection was measured using indicators of interpersonal ties and community participation,and QoL was assessed via self-reported health-related satisfaction across major life domains.Analytical procedures included mediation modeling and subgroup analyses by region,with significance levels set at p<0.05.Results:The results indicate that social connections are significantly associated with lower stress levels and reduced depressive symptoms,with QoL playing a critical mediating role.Notably,the indirect effect of social connection on mental health via QoL is stronger in rural areas compared to urban regions,highlighting the importance of social cohesion and community support in mental well-being.Among 203,567 adults,greater social participation was associated with lower subjective stress(total effect=−0.052,p<0.001)and fewer depressive symptoms(PHQ-9 total effect=−0.308,p<0.001).QoL significantly mediated these associations,with the strongest indirect pathways observed through usual activities(19.2%for stress;27.6%for depression)and mobility(24.4%for depression).Regional analysis showed stronger mediation in rural areas(up to 26.8%for stress and 32.6%for depression)than in urban areas(8–16%and 14.9–23%).Direct effects remained significant,indicating partial mediation.These findings highlight that social participation enhances mental health directly and indirectly through QoL,particularly in rural contexts.Conclusions:Social connection contributes to better mental health both directly and indirectly through improved QoL,with stronger effects observed in rural communities.These findings highlight the importance of fostering social cohesion and enhancing life quality as strategies for improving population mental health.Policy interventions should adopt context-sensitive approaches that account for regional differences in social resources and service availability.展开更多
The Selenge River Basin(SRB)in Mongolia has faced ecosystem degradation because of climate change and overloading.The dynamics of the pastoral system and the extent of overload under future scenarios have not been doc...The Selenge River Basin(SRB)in Mongolia has faced ecosystem degradation because of climate change and overloading.The dynamics of the pastoral system and the extent of overload under future scenarios have not been documented.This study aims to answer the following questions:Will the typical soums in the SRB become more overgrazed in the future?What optimal strategy should be implemented?Multisource data were integrated and utilized to model the pastoral system of typical soums using a system dynamics approach.Future scenarios under three SSP-RCPs were projected using the model.The conclusions are as follows:(1)From upstream to downstream,rational scenarios for pastoral system transferred from SSP1-RCP2.6 to SSP2-RCP4.5,which reflect improved productivity at the expense of ecosystem stability.(2)Compared with that during the historical period of 2000-2020,the projected carrying capacity of the soums decreases by 15.2%-37.3%,whereas the number of livestock continues to increase.Consequently,the stocking rate is expected to increase from 0.32-1.16 during 2000-2020 to 1.26-2.02 during 2021-2050,indicating that rangeland will become more overloaded.(3)A livestock reduction strategy based on future livestock stock and grassland carrying capacity scenarios was proposed to maintain a dynamic forage-livestock equilibrium.It is suggested that reducing livestock is a practical option for harmonizing grassland conservation with livestock husbandry development.展开更多
Projections of future urban land change are essential for a range of sustainability assessments,including those related to biodiversity loss,carbon emissions,and agricultural land conversion.However,to what extent and...Projections of future urban land change are essential for a range of sustainability assessments,including those related to biodiversity loss,carbon emissions,and agricultural land conversion.However,to what extent and where current projections agree or disagree remains unknown.Here,we systematically compare existing global projections that are consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.We find that the total global urban land area is expected to increase by 112%between 2020 and 2100(averaged across all projections),with a coefficient of variation of 0.81.This variation is mostly caused by the selection of the underlying drivers that are included in the different models.Regionally,the highest average growth rates are found in sub-Saharan Africa(+679%to+730%),while this region also has the highest variation across projections(coefficient of variation ranging from 2.02 to 2.18).When ranking scenarios within a study from the highest to the lowest projected increase in urban land,rankings are relatively similar for regions in the Global North,but not for regions in the Global South.The large disagreement across projections can lead to high uncertainties in assessments of future urban land change impacts,which can undermine the effectiveness of long-term planning,policymaking,and resource management decisions.展开更多
Soft-tissue motion introduces significant challenges in robotic teleoperation,especially in medical scenarios where precise target tracking is critical.Latency across sensing,computation,and actuation chains leads to ...Soft-tissue motion introduces significant challenges in robotic teleoperation,especially in medical scenarios where precise target tracking is critical.Latency across sensing,computation,and actuation chains leads to degraded tracking performance,particularly around high-acceleration segments and trajectory inflection points.This study investigates machine learning-based predictive compensation for latency mitigation in soft-tissue tracking.Three models—autoregressive(AR),long short-term memory(LSTM),and temporal convolutional network(TCN)—were implemented and evaluated on both synthetic and real datasets.By aligning the prediction horizon with the end-to-end system delay,we demonstrate that prediction-based compensation significantly reduces tracking errors.Among the models,TCN achieved superior robustness and accuracy on complex motion patterns,particularly in multi-step prediction tasks,and exhibited better latency–horizon compatibility.The results suggest that TCN is a promising candidate for real-time latency compensation in teleoperated robotic systems involving dynamic soft-tissue interaction.展开更多
Xylogenesis,the process through which wood cells are formed,results in the long-term storage of carbon in woody biomass,making it a key component of the global carbon cycle.Understanding how environmental drivers infl...Xylogenesis,the process through which wood cells are formed,results in the long-term storage of carbon in woody biomass,making it a key component of the global carbon cycle.Understanding how environmental drivers influence xylogenesis during the growing season is therefore of great interest.However,studying shortterm drivers of wood production using xylogenetic data is complicated by the usual sampling scheme and the influence of eccentric growth,i.e.,heterogeneous growth around the stem.In this study,we improve xylogenesis research by introducing a statistical approach that explicitly considers seasonal phenology,short-term growth rates,and growth eccentricity.To this end,we developed Bayesian models of xylogenesis and compared them with a conventional method based on the use of Gompertz functions.Our results show that eccentricity generated high temporal autocorrelation between successive samples,and that explicitly taking it into account improved both the representativeness of phenology and intra-ring variability.We observed consistent short-term patterns in the model residuals,suggesting the influence of an unaccounted-for environmental variable on cell production.The proposed models offer several advantages over traditional methods,including robust confidence intervals around predictions,consistency with phenology,and reduced sensitivity to extreme observations at the end of the growing season,often linked to eccentric growth.These models also provide a benchmark for mechanistic testing of short-term drivers of wood formation.展开更多
In the evolving global economy,China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI)holds increasing significance,specially within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Despite earlier studies have acknowledged ...In the evolving global economy,China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI)holds increasing significance,specially within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Despite earlier studies have acknowledged the role of governance quality in at-tracting Chinese OFDI,their explanatory capacity regarding human development has not received sufficient attention.This study ad-dresses this gap,investigating the relationship between Chinese OFDI and human development,emphasizing the governance quality’s moderating role.Using data from 122 BRI countries from 2004 to 2021,we employed the Panel Corrected Standard Error model through Prais-Winsten regression,complimented by robustness check via the Spatial Durbin Model.Our analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between Chinese OFDI and human development in BRI countries,indicating that Chinese investments act as cata-lysts for improved well-being.More importantly,governance quality plays a vital role in shaping this relationship,revealing that effect-ive governance enhanced the human development outcomes of OFDI.Post-hoc analysis of governance indicators,both as a composite index and individual dimensions,supported this finding.Regional heterogeneity analysis further showed that Chinese OFDI has stronger effects on Human Development Index(HDI)in Asia and Africa compared to Europe,Latin America,and Oceania.However,the moder-ating effect of governance quality seemed more prominent in Oceania and Latin America,indicating its role in fostering the benefits of Chinese investments in these regions.These findings hold implications for academia and policy,emphasizing the need for transparent,accountable,and effective governance to drive sustainable and inclusive human development within the BRI framework.展开更多
Research into the location and development of rice paddies after the collapse of Neolithic cultures is of crucial importance.This study explores the phytolith assemblages and soil micromorphologies of potential rice p...Research into the location and development of rice paddies after the collapse of Neolithic cultures is of crucial importance.This study explores the phytolith assemblages and soil micromorphologies of potential rice paddy relics found at the Xingang Site(3556-3360 cal.a BP)in the Taihu Lake Plain,Lower Yangtze River,offering insights into these issues.The discriminant function of the phytolith assemblage distinguished six out of 19 samples in the suspected paddy field area as wild rice fields,while the rest were non-rice fields.Soil micromorphology indicated that the alleged paddy field area experienced repeated dry and wet conditions,with signs of plant growth but no evidence of human activity,suggesting it was not an artificially managed paddy field.These findings suggest the area during the Shang Dynasty consisted of abandoned paddies from the post-Neolithic era.The proportion of rice bulliform phytoliths with≤9 fish-scale decorations(35%–47%)was significantly lower at the Xingang Site(marginal area)during the Shang Dynasty compared to periods like Qianshan-yang-Guangfulin(4300−3900 a BP)(central area),suggesting that diminished population density in marginal areas after the Neolithic collapse likely led to paddy field abandonment.Additionally,the collapse of the Liangzhu social structure,along with a rice-farming economy that lacked strong resource competitiveness,may have also contributed to this phenomenon.This study provides an empirical example of rice paddy locations following the Neolithic collapse in the Lower Yangtze River,enhancing our understanding of the decline of the Liangzhu civilization.展开更多
This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis...This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.展开更多
The increase in China’s skilled labor force has drawn much attention from policymakers,national and international firms and media.Understanding how educated talent locates and re-locates across the country can guide ...The increase in China’s skilled labor force has drawn much attention from policymakers,national and international firms and media.Understanding how educated talent locates and re-locates across the country can guide future policy discussions of equality,firm localization and service allocation.Prior studies have tended to adopt a static cross-national approach providing valuable insights into the relative importance of economic and amenity differentials driving the distribution of talent in China.Yet,few adopt longitudinal analysis to examine the temporal dynamics in the stregnth of existing associations.Recently released official statistical data now enables space-time analysis of the geographic distribution of talent and its determinants in China.Using four-year city-level data from national population censuses and 1%population sample surveys conducted every five years between 2000 and 2015,we examine the spatial patterns of talent across Chinese cities and their underpinning drivers evolve over time.Results reveal that the spatial distribution of talent in China is persistently unequal and spatially concentrated between 2000 and 2015.It also shows gradually strengthened and significantly positive spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of talent.An eigenvector spatial filtering negative binomial panel is employed to model the spatial determinants of talent distribution.Results indicate the influences of both economic opportunities and urban amenities,particularly urban public services and greening rate,on the distribution of talent.These results highlight that urban economic-and amenity-related factors have simultaneously driven China’s talent’s settlement patterns over the first fifteen years of the 21st century.展开更多
There is currently considerable interest in what degrowth compatible business practices may be and what they may look like.However,while the embeddedness of a degrowth business in the wider environment has been recogn...There is currently considerable interest in what degrowth compatible business practices may be and what they may look like.However,while the embeddedness of a degrowth business in the wider environment has been recognised,and this affects theorising of practices and principles,there remains a need to seriously consider the inter-connection between degrowth business and its surrounding environment as a physical and cultural space.To avoid merely hinting at geographical concepts such as space,place,and location,a better approach is establishing a dialogue between degrowth business and geography.To do this,I use the degrowth business framework and connect its elements with the concepts of space,place,and location.This analysis shows that each of the elements is intimately inter-related with geographical concepts and needs to be thought of,theorised,and implemented as such.I conclude that geographical concepts should not be merely implied when theorising degrowth business.Rather,looking at degrowth business through various lenses provided by geographies is indispensable for making degrowth reality in diverse locations.展开更多
Currently, the OGC GML （Geography Markup Language） specification has been the de facto standard for GIS data sharing and exchanging and spatial interoperation. Adopting nested association expression approach of XML ...Currently, the OGC GML （Geography Markup Language） specification has been the de facto standard for GIS data sharing and exchanging and spatial interoperation. Adopting nested association expression approach of XML data, GML data documents can store both spatial information and semantic relationship information of geographical elements. To improve the efficiency of path query on GML two type information, the paper describes a holistic index method for GML data, which we call EKR^＋ （optimized R＋-tree base on Extend Region Code and K-means extent partition of GML feature elements）. The experiment results show that the efficiency of semantic-spatial query can be improved greatly by utilizing EKR^＋.展开更多
Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students.However,understanding of the current supply of campus green space(CGS)and its drivers at different educ...Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students.However,understanding of the current supply of campus green space(CGS)and its drivers at different education stages is still limited.A new framework was established to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors across all education stages(kindergarten,primary school,middle school,college)in 1100 schools at the urban scale of Xi’an,China.The research results show that:1)CGS is lower in the Baqiao district and higher in the Yanta and Xincheng districts of Xi’an City.‘Green wealthy schools are mainly concentrated in the Weiyang,Chang’an and Yanta districts.2)CGS of these schools in descending order is college(31.40%)>kindergarten(18.32%)>middle school(13.56%)>primary school(10.70%).3)Colleges have the most recreation sites(n(number)=2),the best education levels(11.93 yr),and the lowest housing prices(1.18×10^(4) yuan(RMB)/m^(2));middle schools have the highest public expenditures(3.97×10^(9) yuan/yr);primary schools have the highest CGS accessibility(travel time gap(TTG)=31.33).4)Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model and Spearman’s test prove that recreation sites have a significant positive impact on college green spaces(0.28–0.35),and education level has a significant positive impact on kindergarten green spaces(0.16–0.24).This research framework provides important insights for the assessment of school greening initiatives aimed at fostering healthier learning environments for future generations.展开更多
Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities,such as poor land cover management.One of the most crucial elements of a successful l...Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities,such as poor land cover management.One of the most crucial elements of a successful land resource management plan is the evaluation of Land Use Land Cover(LULC).Over the past 20 years,our planet’s land cover resources have undergone substantial changes due to rapid development.The Land Use Land Cover(LULC)categories of the Patna Urban Agglomeration(PUA),including water bodies,agricultural land,barren land,built-up areas,and vegetation,were identified using Geographic Information System(GIS)techniques.Three multi-temporal images were analyzed and classified through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood method.By comparing three separately created LULC categorized maps from 1990 and 2024,temporal changes were analyzed.In order to update land cover or manage natural resources,it is vital to use change detection as a tool to identify changes in LULC over time in PUA,Patna between 1990,2010 and 2024.According to their respective Kappa coefficients,the accuracy rates for 1990,2010 and 2024 LULC are 91.66 and 94.93,respectively.An accuracy evaluation was conducted to determine the correctness of the classification system and to determine the efficacy of the LULC classification maps.One hundred reference test pixels were identified.There have been found significant changes in the LULC were built up area has increased doubled in last thirty-four years of timeline.展开更多
Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LM...Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.展开更多
Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research probl...Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research problem.Previous studies relied on statistical regression models that failed to capture the complex nonlinear relationships between carbon emissions and characteristic variables.In this study,we propose a machine learning algorithm for carbon emissions,a Bayesian optimized XGboost regression model,using multi-year energy carbon emission data and nighttime lights(NTL)remote sensing data from Shaanxi Province,China.Our results demonstrate that the XGboost algorithm outperforms linear regression and four other machine learning models,with an R^(2)of 0.906 and RMSE of 5.687.We observe an annual increase in carbon emissions,with high-emission counties primarily concentrated in northern and central Shaanxi Province,displaying a shift from discrete,sporadic points to contiguous,extended spatial distribution.Spatial autocorrelation clustering reveals predominantly high-high and low-low clustering patterns,with economically developed counties showing high-emission clustering and economically relatively backward counties displaying low-emission clustering.Our findings show that the use of NTL data and the XGboost algorithm can estimate and predict carbon emissionsmore accurately and provide a complementary reference for satellite remote sensing image data to serve carbon emission monitoring and assessment.This research provides an important theoretical basis for formulating practical carbon emission reduction policies and contributes to the development of techniques for accurate carbon emission estimation using remote sensing data.展开更多
Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security...Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security.This study investigates the interplay between these land use changes and their environmental implications at macro(district)and micro(village)levels,focusing on agricultural productivity and resource sustainability.The study employs a mixed-method approach,integrating secondary data from official datasets and primary data gathered through structured household surveys,focus group discussions,and visual analysis techniques.Data from 20 villages,selected based on predominant land use characteristics,were analysed using statistical and geospatial tools,including ArcGIS and STATA,to quantify food grain losses and evaluate environmental degradation.Findings of this study reveal a 19%reduction in agricultural land over two decades(2000-2024),correlating with increased residential and industrial areas.Groundwater resources face severe overexploitation,with pollution from industrial clusters further degrading water and soil quality.The study estimates a total food grain loss of 1.5 million kilograms across surveyed villages due to land acquisitions.A strong positive correlation(R^(2)=0.98)between land acquisition and food loss underscores the direct impact of urbanization on agricultural output.The research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management practices,including preserving agricultural lands,optimizing groundwater usage,and enhancing community involvement in planning.By addressing these challenges,the study advocates for balanced urban expansion and food security to ensure ecological and economic resilience in the region.展开更多
文摘The Almus Fault Zone(AFZ)is one of the major splay faults of the North Anatolian Fault Zone(NAFZ)and is important for understanding its tectonic features and assessing regional seismic hazards.This research presents the integration of morphometric indices to quantitatively assess the spatial variation of tectonic activity along the AFZ.The AFZ is an active fault with both strike-slip and normal fault components and consists of two main branches,Mercimekdağı-Çamdere Fault(MÇF)and Tokat Fault(TF)segments.This study aims to assess the relative tectonic activity of the AFZ using various morphometric indices,based on a 10 m resolution DEM,with the aid of ArcGIS and MATLAB software.For this purpose,morphometric indices such as hypsometric integral(HI:0.35-0.65),mountain front sinuosity(Smf:1.3-1.44),valley floor width-height ratio(Vf:0.15-2.28),asymmetry factor(AF:23-77),drainage basin shape(Bs:1.13-6.10)and normalized steepness index(ksn:1-498)were applied to 53 drainage basins.When the Smf and mean Vf indices results were evaluated,it was calculated that the uplift ratio of the region was more than 0.5 mm/yr.The spatial distribution of the relative tectonic activity(Iat)of the area was revealed by combining the obtained morphometric indices analysis results.According to the Iat result,it was concluded that the MercimekdağıÇamdere Fault and Tokat Fault segments have high tectonic activity,but the Mercimekdağı-Çamdere Fault segment has higher tectonic activity.The results obtained were also confirmed by field observations.This research provides valuable information for the evaluation of tectonic activity in drainage systems controlled by splay faults.
基金Under the auspices of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(No.14605920,14606922,14603724,C4023-20GF,8601219,8601242,3110151)a Grant from the Research Committee on Research Sustainability of Major Research Grants Council Funding Schemes of the Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK,No.3133235)the Vice-Chancellor’s One-off Discretionary Fund of CUHK(No.4930787)。
文摘Perception of air pollution is subjective and context-dependent.Previous studies exploring the association between measured air pollution and perceived air quality mainly focused on air pollution levels measured in the residence-based(RB)or regional context,overlooking the mobility-based(MB)context in which people are exposed to air pollution.This study measures air pollution levels in MB,RB,and regional contexts and examines their relationships with perceived air quality across different neighborhoods and gender sub-groups of Hong Kong,China to investigate how people perceive air quality.The results indicate that particulate matter 2.5(PM_(2.5))measured in RB and the regional context significantly contributes to people’s perceived air quality compared to MB PM_(2.5).Individuals in Central and Western district of Hong Kong rely on RB,regional and MB PM_(2.5) to assess air pollution.In Sham Shui Po,RB PM_(2.5) exhibits the highest influence on people’s perceived air quality,followed by regional PM_(2.5).Women’s perceived air quality is strongly related to their RB PM_(2.5) exposure,while men’s perceived air quality is associated with both RB PM_(2.5) and regional PM_(2.5) levels.We conclude that neighborhood effects and mobility levels are the two most important factors influencing the association between meas-ured air pollution and perceived air quality.We reveal that the neighborhood effect averaging problem(NEAP)influences the associ-ation between perceived air quality and measured air pollution levels in a way that differs from health outcome-related studies.Effect-ive measures are needed to improve the public’s awareness of air pollution,and scientific control should be implemented to reduce pub-lic exposure.
基金supported by Van Yüzüncü Yıl University,Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit(Project No:SDK-2025-11935)Van Yüzüncü Yıl University,Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit for supporting the study。
文摘Mount Kandil is situated in the eastern sector of the EAHP(Eastern Anatolian High Plateau),to the south of the Lesser Caucasus.The mountain lies at the westernmost end of the Aras Mountains,which extends approximately 80 km along a NW-SE axis.With a summit reaching~3214 m(a.s.l.),Mount Kandil is a stratovolcano that,like many other peaks within the EAHP and the Lesser Caucasus,experienced significant environmental changes during Late Pleistocene.Among these,glacial processes stand out as the most profound,having distinctly shaped the mountains geomorphic landscape.This study presents,for the first time,a comprehensive analysis of the glacial morphology of Mount Kandil based on multiple datasets.Field-based morphological observations indicate that an area of approximately 32.62 km^(2)has been sculpted by glacial activity.Within six glaciated regions on Mount Kandil,25 cirques and 6 glacial valleys have been identified.In addition,moraines in various locations exhibit characteristic morphologies.Furthermore,valley glaciers are inferred to have descended to altitudes as low as~2000 m.The paleoequilibrium line(p ELA)was estimated to use AABR method within GIS,yielding a mean pELA of~2730 m.Ice thickness modelling indicates that the thickness of glaciers in the Kandil Mountain valleys reaches up to~350 m.Due to its orographic extension,Mount Kandil is exposed to humid northwest winds and receives substantial frontal precipitation(~686 mm annually).The compiled geomorphic,cartographic and morphometric parameters suggest that the glaciation dynamics of Mount Kandil—situated between the Southeastern Taurus and the Lesser Caucasus—closely resemble those observed in the Lesser Caucasus.This indicates that glaciation was primarily governed by northern atmospheric systems with additional influences from southerly or westerly winds.The integrated data also underscores the role of multiple atmospheric systems in controlling the glaciation regime around the Lesser Caucasus.Additionally,findings on regional pELA question the common belief that pELA increases eastward in EAHP.
基金supported by the“Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)”through the Seoul RISE Center,funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Seoul Metropolitan Government.(2025-RISE-01-005-07).
文摘Background:Social connection is widely recognized as a protective determinant of health,yet its direct and indirect effects on mental health remain underexplored.This study examines the relationship between social connection and mental health,focusing on the mediating role of quality of life(QoL)and the moderating effect of regional differences.Methods:We analyzed data from the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey,comprising 229,099 adults.Mental health was assessed through validated measures of depressive symptoms and psychological well-being.Social connection was measured using indicators of interpersonal ties and community participation,and QoL was assessed via self-reported health-related satisfaction across major life domains.Analytical procedures included mediation modeling and subgroup analyses by region,with significance levels set at p<0.05.Results:The results indicate that social connections are significantly associated with lower stress levels and reduced depressive symptoms,with QoL playing a critical mediating role.Notably,the indirect effect of social connection on mental health via QoL is stronger in rural areas compared to urban regions,highlighting the importance of social cohesion and community support in mental well-being.Among 203,567 adults,greater social participation was associated with lower subjective stress(total effect=−0.052,p<0.001)and fewer depressive symptoms(PHQ-9 total effect=−0.308,p<0.001).QoL significantly mediated these associations,with the strongest indirect pathways observed through usual activities(19.2%for stress;27.6%for depression)and mobility(24.4%for depression).Regional analysis showed stronger mediation in rural areas(up to 26.8%for stress and 32.6%for depression)than in urban areas(8–16%and 14.9–23%).Direct effects remained significant,indicating partial mediation.These findings highlight that social participation enhances mental health directly and indirectly through QoL,particularly in rural contexts.Conclusions:Social connection contributes to better mental health both directly and indirectly through improved QoL,with stronger effects observed in rural communities.These findings highlight the importance of fostering social cohesion and enhancing life quality as strategies for improving population mental health.Policy interventions should adopt context-sensitive approaches that account for regional differences in social resources and service availability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32161143025,No.42371283,No.W2412155National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFE0119200。
文摘The Selenge River Basin(SRB)in Mongolia has faced ecosystem degradation because of climate change and overloading.The dynamics of the pastoral system and the extent of overload under future scenarios have not been documented.This study aims to answer the following questions:Will the typical soums in the SRB become more overgrazed in the future?What optimal strategy should be implemented?Multisource data were integrated and utilized to model the pastoral system of typical soums using a system dynamics approach.Future scenarios under three SSP-RCPs were projected using the model.The conclusions are as follows:(1)From upstream to downstream,rational scenarios for pastoral system transferred from SSP1-RCP2.6 to SSP2-RCP4.5,which reflect improved productivity at the expense of ecosystem stability.(2)Compared with that during the historical period of 2000-2020,the projected carrying capacity of the soums decreases by 15.2%-37.3%,whereas the number of livestock continues to increase.Consequently,the stocking rate is expected to increase from 0.32-1.16 during 2000-2020 to 1.26-2.02 during 2021-2050,indicating that rangeland will become more overloaded.(3)A livestock reduction strategy based on future livestock stock and grassland carrying capacity scenarios was proposed to maintain a dynamic forage-livestock equilibrium.It is suggested that reducing livestock is a practical option for harmonizing grassland conservation with livestock husbandry development.
基金supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO in the form of a VIDI grant(Grant No.VI.Vidi.198.008).
文摘Projections of future urban land change are essential for a range of sustainability assessments,including those related to biodiversity loss,carbon emissions,and agricultural land conversion.However,to what extent and where current projections agree or disagree remains unknown.Here,we systematically compare existing global projections that are consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.We find that the total global urban land area is expected to increase by 112%between 2020 and 2100(averaged across all projections),with a coefficient of variation of 0.81.This variation is mostly caused by the selection of the underlying drivers that are included in the different models.Regionally,the highest average growth rates are found in sub-Saharan Africa(+679%to+730%),while this region also has the highest variation across projections(coefficient of variation ranging from 2.02 to 2.18).When ranking scenarios within a study from the highest to the lowest projected increase in urban land,rankings are relatively similar for regions in the Global North,but not for regions in the Global South.The large disagreement across projections can lead to high uncertainties in assessments of future urban land change impacts,which can undermine the effectiveness of long-term planning,policymaking,and resource management decisions.
基金Support by Sichuan Science and Technology Program[2023YFSY0026,2023YFH0004]Guangzhou Huashang University[2024HSZD01,HS2023JYSZH01].
文摘Soft-tissue motion introduces significant challenges in robotic teleoperation,especially in medical scenarios where precise target tracking is critical.Latency across sensing,computation,and actuation chains leads to degraded tracking performance,particularly around high-acceleration segments and trajectory inflection points.This study investigates machine learning-based predictive compensation for latency mitigation in soft-tissue tracking.Three models—autoregressive(AR),long short-term memory(LSTM),and temporal convolutional network(TCN)—were implemented and evaluated on both synthetic and real datasets.By aligning the prediction horizon with the end-to-end system delay,we demonstrate that prediction-based compensation significantly reduces tracking errors.Among the models,TCN achieved superior robustness and accuracy on complex motion patterns,particularly in multi-step prediction tasks,and exhibited better latency–horizon compatibility.The results suggest that TCN is a promising candidate for real-time latency compensation in teleoperated robotic systems involving dynamic soft-tissue interaction.
基金supported by the Discovery Grants program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(No.RGPIN-2021-03553)the Canadian Research Chair in dendroecology and dendroclimatology(CRC-2021-00368)+3 种基金the Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et des Forèts(MRNF,Contract no.142332177-D)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Alliance Grant No.ALLRP 557148-20,obtained in partnership with the MRNF and Resolute Forest Products)the Fonds de recherche du Qu ebec–Nature et technologies(Partnership Research Program on the Contribution of the Forestry Sector to Climate Change MitigationGrant No.2022-0FC-309064)。
文摘Xylogenesis,the process through which wood cells are formed,results in the long-term storage of carbon in woody biomass,making it a key component of the global carbon cycle.Understanding how environmental drivers influence xylogenesis during the growing season is therefore of great interest.However,studying shortterm drivers of wood production using xylogenetic data is complicated by the usual sampling scheme and the influence of eccentric growth,i.e.,heterogeneous growth around the stem.In this study,we improve xylogenesis research by introducing a statistical approach that explicitly considers seasonal phenology,short-term growth rates,and growth eccentricity.To this end,we developed Bayesian models of xylogenesis and compared them with a conventional method based on the use of Gompertz functions.Our results show that eccentricity generated high temporal autocorrelation between successive samples,and that explicitly taking it into account improved both the representativeness of phenology and intra-ring variability.We observed consistent short-term patterns in the model residuals,suggesting the influence of an unaccounted-for environmental variable on cell production.The proposed models offer several advantages over traditional methods,including robust confidence intervals around predictions,consistency with phenology,and reduced sensitivity to extreme observations at the end of the growing season,often linked to eccentric growth.These models also provide a benchmark for mechanistic testing of short-term drivers of wood formation.
基金Under the auspices of Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,China(No.2722021EG001)。
文摘In the evolving global economy,China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI)holds increasing significance,specially within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Despite earlier studies have acknowledged the role of governance quality in at-tracting Chinese OFDI,their explanatory capacity regarding human development has not received sufficient attention.This study ad-dresses this gap,investigating the relationship between Chinese OFDI and human development,emphasizing the governance quality’s moderating role.Using data from 122 BRI countries from 2004 to 2021,we employed the Panel Corrected Standard Error model through Prais-Winsten regression,complimented by robustness check via the Spatial Durbin Model.Our analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between Chinese OFDI and human development in BRI countries,indicating that Chinese investments act as cata-lysts for improved well-being.More importantly,governance quality plays a vital role in shaping this relationship,revealing that effect-ive governance enhanced the human development outcomes of OFDI.Post-hoc analysis of governance indicators,both as a composite index and individual dimensions,supported this finding.Regional heterogeneity analysis further showed that Chinese OFDI has stronger effects on Human Development Index(HDI)in Asia and Africa compared to Europe,Latin America,and Oceania.However,the moder-ating effect of governance quality seemed more prominent in Oceania and Latin America,indicating its role in fostering the benefits of Chinese investments in these regions.These findings hold implications for academia and policy,emphasizing the need for transparent,accountable,and effective governance to drive sustainable and inclusive human development within the BRI framework.
基金The Archaeological Talent Promotion Program of China(2024-272)National Natural Science Foundation of China No.42301173,No.42101152+5 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China,No.BK20230386,No.BK20221027Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China,No.23YJCZH096The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.SKCX2024011,No.SKYZ2024026Key Project of Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice in Henan Province,No.2024 SJGLX0209Humanities and Social Sciences Prestigious Fellowship Scheme,University Grants Committee,Hong Kong,No.34000323Comprehensive Research Project on Scientific and Technological Archaeology of Changzhou City’s Daxujiacun Site and Chuanfangtou Site(Phase III),No.JSZC-320400-FW2025-06406。
文摘Research into the location and development of rice paddies after the collapse of Neolithic cultures is of crucial importance.This study explores the phytolith assemblages and soil micromorphologies of potential rice paddy relics found at the Xingang Site(3556-3360 cal.a BP)in the Taihu Lake Plain,Lower Yangtze River,offering insights into these issues.The discriminant function of the phytolith assemblage distinguished six out of 19 samples in the suspected paddy field area as wild rice fields,while the rest were non-rice fields.Soil micromorphology indicated that the alleged paddy field area experienced repeated dry and wet conditions,with signs of plant growth but no evidence of human activity,suggesting it was not an artificially managed paddy field.These findings suggest the area during the Shang Dynasty consisted of abandoned paddies from the post-Neolithic era.The proportion of rice bulliform phytoliths with≤9 fish-scale decorations(35%–47%)was significantly lower at the Xingang Site(marginal area)during the Shang Dynasty compared to periods like Qianshan-yang-Guangfulin(4300−3900 a BP)(central area),suggesting that diminished population density in marginal areas after the Neolithic collapse likely led to paddy field abandonment.Additionally,the collapse of the Liangzhu social structure,along with a rice-farming economy that lacked strong resource competitiveness,may have also contributed to this phenomenon.This study provides an empirical example of rice paddy locations following the Neolithic collapse in the Lower Yangtze River,enhancing our understanding of the decline of the Liangzhu civilization.
基金The National University of Mongolia,No.P2024-4814The Mongolian Science and Technology Foundation,No.CHN-2022/274The‘Chey Institute for Advanced Studies’International Scholar Exchange Fellowship for the Academic Year of 2025-2026。
文摘This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.
基金Under the auspices of the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.17ZDA055).
文摘The increase in China’s skilled labor force has drawn much attention from policymakers,national and international firms and media.Understanding how educated talent locates and re-locates across the country can guide future policy discussions of equality,firm localization and service allocation.Prior studies have tended to adopt a static cross-national approach providing valuable insights into the relative importance of economic and amenity differentials driving the distribution of talent in China.Yet,few adopt longitudinal analysis to examine the temporal dynamics in the stregnth of existing associations.Recently released official statistical data now enables space-time analysis of the geographic distribution of talent and its determinants in China.Using four-year city-level data from national population censuses and 1%population sample surveys conducted every five years between 2000 and 2015,we examine the spatial patterns of talent across Chinese cities and their underpinning drivers evolve over time.Results reveal that the spatial distribution of talent in China is persistently unequal and spatially concentrated between 2000 and 2015.It also shows gradually strengthened and significantly positive spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of talent.An eigenvector spatial filtering negative binomial panel is employed to model the spatial determinants of talent distribution.Results indicate the influences of both economic opportunities and urban amenities,particularly urban public services and greening rate,on the distribution of talent.These results highlight that urban economic-and amenity-related factors have simultaneously driven China’s talent’s settlement patterns over the first fifteen years of the 21st century.
文摘There is currently considerable interest in what degrowth compatible business practices may be and what they may look like.However,while the embeddedness of a degrowth business in the wider environment has been recognised,and this affects theorising of practices and principles,there remains a need to seriously consider the inter-connection between degrowth business and its surrounding environment as a physical and cultural space.To avoid merely hinting at geographical concepts such as space,place,and location,a better approach is establishing a dialogue between degrowth business and geography.To do this,I use the degrowth business framework and connect its elements with the concepts of space,place,and location.This analysis shows that each of the elements is intimately inter-related with geographical concepts and needs to be thought of,theorised,and implemented as such.I conclude that geographical concepts should not be merely implied when theorising degrowth business.Rather,looking at degrowth business through various lenses provided by geographies is indispensable for making degrowth reality in diverse locations.
文摘Currently, the OGC GML （Geography Markup Language） specification has been the de facto standard for GIS data sharing and exchanging and spatial interoperation. Adopting nested association expression approach of XML data, GML data documents can store both spatial information and semantic relationship information of geographical elements. To improve the efficiency of path query on GML two type information, the paper describes a holistic index method for GML data, which we call EKR^＋ （optimized R＋-tree base on Extend Region Code and K-means extent partition of GML feature elements）. The experiment results show that the efficiency of semantic-spatial query can be improved greatly by utilizing EKR^＋.
基金Under the auspices of Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2024JC-YBMS-196)。
文摘Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students.However,understanding of the current supply of campus green space(CGS)and its drivers at different education stages is still limited.A new framework was established to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors across all education stages(kindergarten,primary school,middle school,college)in 1100 schools at the urban scale of Xi’an,China.The research results show that:1)CGS is lower in the Baqiao district and higher in the Yanta and Xincheng districts of Xi’an City.‘Green wealthy schools are mainly concentrated in the Weiyang,Chang’an and Yanta districts.2)CGS of these schools in descending order is college(31.40%)>kindergarten(18.32%)>middle school(13.56%)>primary school(10.70%).3)Colleges have the most recreation sites(n(number)=2),the best education levels(11.93 yr),and the lowest housing prices(1.18×10^(4) yuan(RMB)/m^(2));middle schools have the highest public expenditures(3.97×10^(9) yuan/yr);primary schools have the highest CGS accessibility(travel time gap(TTG)=31.33).4)Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model and Spearman’s test prove that recreation sites have a significant positive impact on college green spaces(0.28–0.35),and education level has a significant positive impact on kindergarten green spaces(0.16–0.24).This research framework provides important insights for the assessment of school greening initiatives aimed at fostering healthier learning environments for future generations.
文摘Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities,such as poor land cover management.One of the most crucial elements of a successful land resource management plan is the evaluation of Land Use Land Cover(LULC).Over the past 20 years,our planet’s land cover resources have undergone substantial changes due to rapid development.The Land Use Land Cover(LULC)categories of the Patna Urban Agglomeration(PUA),including water bodies,agricultural land,barren land,built-up areas,and vegetation,were identified using Geographic Information System(GIS)techniques.Three multi-temporal images were analyzed and classified through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood method.By comparing three separately created LULC categorized maps from 1990 and 2024,temporal changes were analyzed.In order to update land cover or manage natural resources,it is vital to use change detection as a tool to identify changes in LULC over time in PUA,Patna between 1990,2010 and 2024.According to their respective Kappa coefficients,the accuracy rates for 1990,2010 and 2024 LULC are 91.66 and 94.93,respectively.An accuracy evaluation was conducted to determine the correctness of the classification system and to determine the efficacy of the LULC classification maps.One hundred reference test pixels were identified.There have been found significant changes in the LULC were built up area has increased doubled in last thirty-four years of timeline.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42161006Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects No.202201AT070094,No.202301BF070001-004+1 种基金Special Project for High-level Talents of Yunnan Province for Young Top Talents,No.C6213001159European Research Council(ERC)Starting-Grant STORIES,No.101040939。
文摘Due to water conflicts and allocation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),the spatio-temporal differentiation of total water resources and the natural-human influence need to be clarified.This work investigated LMRB's terrestrial water storage anomaly(TWSA)and its spatio-temporal dynamics during 2002–2020.Considering the effects of natural factors and human activities,the respective contributions of climate variability and human activities to terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)were separated.Results showed that:(1)LMRB's TWSA decreased by 0.3158 cm/a.(2)TWSA showed a gradual increase in distribution from southwest of MRB to middle LMRB and from northeast of LRB to middle LMRB.TWSA positively changed in Myanmar while slightly changed in Laos and China.It negatively changed in Vietnam,Thailand and Cambodia.(3)TWSA components decreased in a descending order of soil moisture,groundwater and precipitation.(4)Natural factors had a substantial and spatial differentiated influence on TWSA over the LMRB.(5)Climate variability contributed 79%of TWSC in the LMRB while human activities contributed 21%with an increasing impact after 2008.The TWSC of upstream basin countries was found to be controlled by climate variability while Vietnam and Cambodia's TWSC has been controlled by human activities since 2012.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2022ZDLSF07-05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(No.300102352901)。
文摘Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research problem.Previous studies relied on statistical regression models that failed to capture the complex nonlinear relationships between carbon emissions and characteristic variables.In this study,we propose a machine learning algorithm for carbon emissions,a Bayesian optimized XGboost regression model,using multi-year energy carbon emission data and nighttime lights(NTL)remote sensing data from Shaanxi Province,China.Our results demonstrate that the XGboost algorithm outperforms linear regression and four other machine learning models,with an R^(2)of 0.906 and RMSE of 5.687.We observe an annual increase in carbon emissions,with high-emission counties primarily concentrated in northern and central Shaanxi Province,displaying a shift from discrete,sporadic points to contiguous,extended spatial distribution.Spatial autocorrelation clustering reveals predominantly high-high and low-low clustering patterns,with economically developed counties showing high-emission clustering and economically relatively backward counties displaying low-emission clustering.Our findings show that the use of NTL data and the XGboost algorithm can estimate and predict carbon emissionsmore accurately and provide a complementary reference for satellite remote sensing image data to serve carbon emission monitoring and assessment.This research provides an important theoretical basis for formulating practical carbon emission reduction policies and contributes to the development of techniques for accurate carbon emission estimation using remote sensing data.
文摘Land use transformations in Sonipat District,Haryana,driven by urbanization,industrialization,and land acquisitions,have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges,particularly concerning food security.This study investigates the interplay between these land use changes and their environmental implications at macro(district)and micro(village)levels,focusing on agricultural productivity and resource sustainability.The study employs a mixed-method approach,integrating secondary data from official datasets and primary data gathered through structured household surveys,focus group discussions,and visual analysis techniques.Data from 20 villages,selected based on predominant land use characteristics,were analysed using statistical and geospatial tools,including ArcGIS and STATA,to quantify food grain losses and evaluate environmental degradation.Findings of this study reveal a 19%reduction in agricultural land over two decades(2000-2024),correlating with increased residential and industrial areas.Groundwater resources face severe overexploitation,with pollution from industrial clusters further degrading water and soil quality.The study estimates a total food grain loss of 1.5 million kilograms across surveyed villages due to land acquisitions.A strong positive correlation(R^(2)=0.98)between land acquisition and food loss underscores the direct impact of urbanization on agricultural output.The research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management practices,including preserving agricultural lands,optimizing groundwater usage,and enhancing community involvement in planning.By addressing these challenges,the study advocates for balanced urban expansion and food security to ensure ecological and economic resilience in the region.
