Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA...Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA-induced joint pain is characterized as a deep tissue pain that potentially involves distinct subgroups of peripheral sensory neurons and central processing mechanisms.Furthermore,KOA pain is closely related to locomotion activity.Impaired sensorimotor integration and pain mutually reinforce each other in KOA,forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression.In this review,we highlight the key differences between KOA pain and cutaneous pain,and the latter has been extensively studied in the pain field.We hope to offer new insights into the central mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for KOA based on the interactions between impaired sensorimotor integration and chronic joint pain.展开更多
Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels,often leading to stroke and dementia.Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological me...Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels,often leading to stroke and dementia.Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological mechanisms,preventing and treating cerebral small vessel vasculopathy is challenging.Recent studies have shown that the glymphatic system plays a crucial role in interstitial solute clearance and the maintenance of brain homeostasis.Increasing evidence also suggests that dysfunction in glymphatic clearance is a key factor in the progression of cerebral small vessel disease.This review begins with a comprehensive introduction to the structure,function,and driving factors of the glymphatic system,highlighting its essential role in brain waste clearance.Afterwards,cerebral small vessel disease was reviewed from the perspective of the glymphatic system,after which the mechanisms underlying their correlation were summarized.Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain,thereby exacerbating the pathological processes associated with cerebral small vessel disease.The review also discussed the direct evidence of glymphatic dysfunction in patients and animal models exhibiting two subtypes of cerebral small vessel disease:arteriolosclerosis-related cerebral small vessel disease and amyloid-related cerebral small vessel disease.Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space is an important non-invasive tool for assessing the clearance function of the glymphatic system.However,the effectiveness of its parameters needs to be enhanced.Among various nervous system diseases,including cerebral small vessel disease,glymphatic failure may be a common final pathway toward dementia.Overall,this review summarizes prevention and treatment strategies that target glymphatic drainage and will offer valuable insight for developing novel treatments for cerebral small vessel disease.展开更多
Pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG),as the central nodes of primary sensory afferents,possess a distinctive T-junction that is not merely a morphological peculiarity but also performs complex roles ...Pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG),as the central nodes of primary sensory afferents,possess a distinctive T-junction that is not merely a morphological peculiarity but also performs complex roles in rapid,multiplexed shunting and regulation of sensory signals.This specialized geometry enables separation,filtering,and feedback regulation of neuronal signals,thereby coordinating peripheral and central responses at multiple levels.Recent advances,including spatial transcriptomics,single-cell sequencing,super-resolution microscopy,organoid models,and novel electrophysiological methods,have permitted more precise dissection of the T-junction's molecular composition,ion-channel distribution,and electrophysiological properties.Here,we review current knowledge of the T-junction's developmental regulation and multilayered molecular networks,and we detail its functional alterations in both physiological signaling and pathological pain states,with particular emphasis on ion-channel modulation,signal attenuation,and selective transmission mechanisms.Finally,we discuss contemporary pain-intervention approaches and prospects for precision-targeted therapies,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future studies in pain physiology and clinical translation.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate laboratory findings that predict bacterial meningitis in emergency service and their diagnostic effectiveness.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients presenting with m...Objective:To evaluate laboratory findings that predict bacterial meningitis in emergency service and their diagnostic effectiveness.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients presenting with meningitis symptoms at a referral hospital in Mersin,Turkey,between January 2019 and January 2022.Clinical findings and laboratory results,including leukocyte count,C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin levels in blood,were examined.Logistic regression,Chi square test,and receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve analyses assessed the predictive value of these parameters.Results:A total of 199 participants were included in the study;99 patients were diagnosed with meningitis after lumbar puncture and 100 served as controls.Patients with meningitis exhibited significantly higher leukocyte counts(median:11890×10^(3)/μL vs.7905×10^(3)/μL,P<0.001)and CRP levels(median:6.00 mg/dL vs.0.95 mg/dL,P<0.001)compared to controls.Procalcitonin levels were significantly elevated in meningitis patients(median:0.21 ng/mL vs.0.10 ng/mL,P<0.001).Logistic regression identified albumin(OR=0.16,95%CI=0.06-0.40),and CRP(OR=1.18,95%CI=1.08-1.28)as independent predictors of meningitis.ROC analysis for CRP demonstrated a sensitivity of 80.6%and specificity of 70.0%at a cut-off value of 2.23 mg/dL(AUC=0.792).Conclusions:Elevated albumin levels and CRP contents in the blood were significant predictors of meningitis in emergency service.Early identification of predictive markers may aid in timely lumbar puncture and management of atypical cases.展开更多
We read the article by Karim MM et al discusses the presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism as recurrent acute pancreatitis,a rare clinical condition in pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department.As...We read the article by Karim MM et al discusses the presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism as recurrent acute pancreatitis,a rare clinical condition in pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department.As emergency medicine clinicians,we frequently encounter diverse and complex cases,and such rare conditions pose significant challenges in the diagnostic process.This article will discuss the management and diagnostic approach of such cases encountered in the emergency department.展开更多
Introduction: Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop from the connective and muscular tissues of the uterus. Common among African-American women, patients suffering from them often arrive late to the hospital...Introduction: Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop from the connective and muscular tissues of the uterus. Common among African-American women, patients suffering from them often arrive late to the hospital in our African regions. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perception of uterine fibroids among women who came to the gynecology-obstetrics department of the Regional Hospital Center (CHR) Tsévié. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study, with data collection conducted from May 7th to 20th, 2024, using systematic sampling. The study included all women present in the Gynecology-Obstetrics Department of CHR Tsévié during the study period who willingly and informedly consented to participate in the survey. Results: 362 women participated in the study. Among them, 36.8% had a secondary level, and 72.9% were Christians. About 97.5% had heard of uterine fibroids. In 63.5% of cases, their entourage was the principal source of information. The diagnostic methods mentioned by the women were ultrasound in 94.6% of cases, while prayers and occultism were also cited in 28% and 33.3% of cases, respectively. While 91.9% of the women considered the hospital, the place for treatment, some indicated that treatment would require plant-based approaches (46.8%) and prayers (26%). The cost of treatment was an obstacle for 85.4% of women, and 61.3% expressed fear of dying during surgery. There was a statistically significant relationship between treatment choice and religion. Conclusion: The majority of women had heard of uterine fibroids but had incorrect information about the treatment.展开更多
Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological mechanism in retinal degeneration.PANoptosis is a newly defined integral form of regulated cell death that combines the key features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,...Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological mechanism in retinal degeneration.PANoptosis is a newly defined integral form of regulated cell death that combines the key features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necroptosis.Oligomerization of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 is an important pathological event in regulating cell death in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury.However,its role in PANoptosis remains largely unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with PANoptosis in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury.Inhibition of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction and PANoptosis in retinal cells subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury.Mechanistically,mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species played a central role in the voltagedependent anion channel 1-mediated regulation of PANoptosis by promoting PANoptosome assembly.Moreover,inhibiting voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization protected against PANoptosis in the retinas of rats subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury.Overall,our findings reveal the critical role of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization in regulating PANoptosis in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury,highlighting voltage-dependent anion channel 1 as a promising therapeutic target.展开更多
Introduction: The therapeutic approach to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has evolved profoundly. Surgical treatment is reserved for complicated cases and the reference surgical technique is transurethral resection...Introduction: The therapeutic approach to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has evolved profoundly. Surgical treatment is reserved for complicated cases and the reference surgical technique is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). This work aims to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate in our department. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive study with retrospective data collection over a 12-month period from November 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024. The urology unit, an integral part of the surgery department, of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital in Conakry served as the setting for this study. It included 27 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy treated surgically by monopolar transurethral resection and having a usable medical record. The parameters studied were epidemiological, clinics and therapeutic. Results: The mean age of the patients was 68.57 ± 5.7 years with extremes from 50 to 79 years. The peak frequency was observed between 70 and 79 years (48.15%). All our patients had lower urinary tract disorders, i.e. 100% of cases. On digital rectal examination, an increase in the volume of the prostate of benign appearance was observed in all cases. The mean prostate volume was 43.7 cc on ultrasound with extremes from 34 cc to 58 cc. The total PSA level was less than 4 ng/ml in the majority of cases. The postoperative course was generally uncomplicated (n = 26) with removal of the urinary catheter on the second postoperative day (D2). However, one peroperative complication was observed in one patient;it was a bladder breach, leading to the passage of glycine into the peritoneum. Conclusion: Transurethral resection of the prostate has reduced the length of hospital stay of our patients, as well as the comorbidities associated with the treatment. The complications associated with it are rare but potentially serious. Its performance requires in-depth mastery of the endoscopic anatomy of the lower urinary tract as well as technical operative expertise.展开更多
Introduction: Urethral prolapse, a rare benign lesion of the female urethra, is considered unusual in children, but it is far from exceptional in girls aged 18 to 24. African origin. The diagnosis is clinical but can ...Introduction: Urethral prolapse, a rare benign lesion of the female urethra, is considered unusual in children, but it is far from exceptional in girls aged 18 to 24. African origin. The diagnosis is clinical but can be overlooked or confused with other pathologies. Treatment remains controversial. The aim of this work is to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data of urethral mucosal prolapse in young girls in our department. Materials and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study on urethral mucosal prolapse in little girls identified from the hospitalization records of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital in Conakry. The study period was 5 years. Patients were selected randomly. Outcome assessment focused on the occurrence of recurrences and urinary incontinence. The mean follow-up duration was 24 months. The parameters studied were: Age, clinical and histological findings, therapeutic data and patient outcomes. Results: The incidence of urethral mucosal prolapse in girls in the urology department was 2.2 cases/year. The mean age of the patients was 6.7 years (with extremes of 5 months and 10 years). The age group of 7 to 10 years was the most represented, observed in 63.63% of patients. The most frequent reason for consultation was vulvar bleeding in 7 patients, or 63.63%. Malpighian hyperplasia with a congested chorion was the most observed histological type, in 4 patients. Surgical treatment consisting of complete excision of the prolapsed part had given excellent results. Conclusion: Urethral prolapse is a rare pathology, observed mainly in young black girls. Its diagnosis is based mainly on clinical examination. Surgical treatment gives satisfactory results, both clinically and aesthetically.展开更多
Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common metabolic complication of diabetes. Although historically reported in children, it is increasingly observed in adults. Short-term outcomes and prognosis var...Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common metabolic complication of diabetes. Although historically reported in children, it is increasingly observed in adults. Short-term outcomes and prognosis vary widely across healthcare settings. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence, diagnostic characteristics, and outcomes of newly diagnosed diabetic ketoacidosis in a hospital setting in Dakar. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from January 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021, in the Endocrinology-Metabolism Department of the Pikine National Hospital Center. All diabetic patients hospitalized for newly diagnosed diabetic ketoacidosis during this period were included. Results: A total of 54 patients were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of newly diagnosed DKA in the facility was 17.1%. The mean age was 38.54 years, with a male predominance and a sex ratio of 1.16. Thirty-five patients had a family history of diabetes. Upon admission, 14.9% of patients had altered consciousness, and 92.4% exhibited cardinal symptoms, with an average duration of 14.2 days. Kussmaul breathing and gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in 13% and 33% of cases, respectively. The mean capillary blood glucose level at admission was 3.43 g/L. Infection was identified as the precipitating factor in half of the cases, while no triggering factor was found in the remaining cases. The mean BMI was 25.27 kg/m², and the average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 12.2%. We recorded the diabetes classification for all patients. Nine had type 1 diabetes, twelve had type 1b diabetes, thirty-one had type 2 diabetes, and two had diabetes secondary to corticosteroid therapy. All patients received continuous intravenous insulin therapy via a syringe pump. The mean time to ketosis resolution was 34.6 hours. The average total dose of regular insulin administered was 442.3 IU. The mean duration of hospitalization was 7.6 days. One patient died, and fifty-one were discharged while continuing insulin therapy, with an average dose of 53 IU. Conclusion: The prevalence of newly diagnosed DKA remains high. With proper management, the prognosis is generally favorable. Diabetes classification is crucial, as it determines subsequent treatment strategies.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’...Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
In order to explore the reduction pathways of zinc oxide in LiCl molten salt and the optimal process,experiments were conducted in an alumina crucible using metallic lithium as the reducing agent and lithium chloride ...In order to explore the reduction pathways of zinc oxide in LiCl molten salt and the optimal process,experiments were conducted in an alumina crucible using metallic lithium as the reducing agent and lithium chloride molten salt as the reaction medium at 923 K.The study assessed the effects of lithium thermochemical reduction and electrolytic reduction of ZnO.The volatilization behavior of metal oxides in molten salts,the equivalent of a reducing agent,reduction time,amount of molten salt,stirring time,and the method of reduction feed were investigated for their impacts on the reduction yield and product composition.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)analysis of the products showed that lithium reduction of ZnO not only produced metallic Zn but also formed a LiZn alloy.Electrolytic reduction can be used to obtain the metallic Zn product by controlling the potential below-2.2 V(vs Ag/Ag^(+)).Moreover,sintered oxides and higher electrode potentials could enhance the efficiency of electrolysis.Under the optimal reaction conditions determined experimentally,the lithium reduction experiment achieved a yield of 77.2%after a 12-h test,and the electrolytic reduction reached a yield of 85.4%after a 6-h test.展开更多
Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Method...Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Methods We retrieved data from sepsis patients who underwent Th1/Th2 cytokine testing in Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from June 1,2020,to February 1,2022.An unsupervised K-means clustering method classified participants based on Th1/Th2 cytokine levels,with the primary outcome being the 7-day mortality rate post-ICU admission.Cox proportional hazards and Restricted Mean Survival Time(RMST)analyses were utilized to explore survival outcomes.Results A total of 321 sepsis patients were included.IL-6(HR 1.69,95%CI:1.22,2.34)and IL-10(HR 1.81,95%CI:1.37,2.40)emerged as independent predictors of 7-day mortality.Unsupervised K-means clustering revealed 3 inflammatory/immune subgroups:Cluster 1(n=166,low inflammatory response),Cluster 2(n=99,moderate inflammatory response with immune suppression),and Cluster 3(n=56,strong inflammatory and immune suppression).Compared to Cluster 1,Clusters 2 and 3 had higher 7-day mortality risks(14.4%vs 23.2%,HR=4.30,95%CI:1.51-12.26;14.4%vs 35.7%,HR=7.32,95%CI:2.57-20.79).Conclusion Septic patients in a protective immune response state(Cluster 1)exhibit better short-term prognoses,suggesting the importance of understanding inflammatory/immune states for precise treatment and improved outcomes.展开更多
The department of Tillabéri is primarily affected by climatic phenomena, impacting crop yields, growing cycles, and consequently, the economic outcomes of agricultural operations. The objective of this study is t...The department of Tillabéri is primarily affected by climatic phenomena, impacting crop yields, growing cycles, and consequently, the economic outcomes of agricultural operations. The objective of this study is to analyze these impacts of climate disruption on the economic performance of farms. The methodology adopted for this study combined documentary research with field surveys conducted on a sample of 250 randomly selected farmers. The analytical methods used mainly consisted of linear regression, profitability calculations, and linear programming. The findings indicate that all productions across different crops have experienced a decrease over the past 30 years. For instance, the production of millet, sorghum, and cowpea, which were respectively 812 kg/ha, 260 kg/ha, and 100 kg/ha between the last 30 and 20 years, has now dropped to 412 kg/ha, 106 kg/ha, and 46 kg/ha respectively. A negative and significant effect on agricultural net margin was observed due to variables such as flooding, drought, pest invasion in rice fields, and temperature changes. Smallholder farms show a relatively low margin (46%) to cover their fixed costs, which may indicate a risk if fixed expenses are high. Furthermore, the analysis results from linear programming reveal that farmers could achieve an additional net profit per hectare of 116,861 FCFA, 217201.5 FCFA, and 291988.2 FCFA respectively for small, medium, and large producers by managing variable costs and health-related expenses for households.展开更多
An upconversion nanoparticle(NaErF_(4)∶Yb/Tm@NaLuF_(4)∶Yb@NaLuF_(4)∶Nd/Yb@NaLuF_(4),noted as UC)was designed,emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser.The mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2))shell co‑doped with chlorin e6(C...An upconversion nanoparticle(NaErF_(4)∶Yb/Tm@NaLuF_(4)∶Yb@NaLuF_(4)∶Nd/Yb@NaLuF_(4),noted as UC)was designed,emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser.The mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2))shell co‑doped with chlorin e6(Ce6)and triethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H‑nonafluorohexyl)silane(TFS)was coated on the outer layer of UC,and then a layer of HKUST‑1 shell was coated.The obtained nanocomposite UC@Ce6/TFS@mSiO_(2)@HKUST‑1(noted as UCTSH)was used for the synergistic treatment of chemodynamic therapy(CDT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT).Interestingly,the nanostructures can specifically re lease Cu^(2+)in the acidic tumor microenvironment.Cu^(2+)reacts with excess hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in the tumor microenvironment to form cytotoxic hydroxyl radical.Secondly,Ce6,with the action of oxygen‑carrying TFS,selectively produces a large amount of singlet oxygen by 808 nm laser irradiation.UCTSH can enhance the anti‑tumor effects of PDT and CDT by increasing the production level of reactive oxygen species,without causing damage to normal cells.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathologica...Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.展开更多
Fever is the primary reason for consultation and admission to pediatric emergency departments. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, etiological and prognostic aspects of acute fever in children aged 0 -...Fever is the primary reason for consultation and admission to pediatric emergency departments. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, etiological and prognostic aspects of acute fever in children aged 0 - 15 years. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022 and affected all children aged 0 to 15 years old with a temperature of 39˚C or higher (≥), having less than five days and hospitalized in the pediatric department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. Results: During the study period, 150 children were included, the sex-ratio was 0.85. Children aged 0 - 5 years represented 71.4% of the sample. References represented more than half of the sample, or 58% of cases. Body temperature was above 40˚C in 18.7% of cases. Functional signs were dominated by respiratory signs in 28% and digestive signs in 18%. Clinical pallor was found in 55.3% of children associated with signs of respiratory struggle in 70% of cases and tachycardia in 40% of patients. Anemia was present in 65.3% of patients. Hyperleucocytosis and leukopenia were found in 45.3% and 43.3% of patients respectively. The C-reactive protein was positive in 44.7% of patients and Cytobacteriological Examination and Chemistry of Cerebrospinal Fluid was positive in 8.7% of cases. The thick drop was positive in 44.7% of patients and blood cultures grew in 6 patients. Etiology was dominated by severe malaria 54 cases (36%), pneumonia (19.3%), meningitis (12.6%), and in those under one month it was bacterial neonatal infection (8.6%). In our study, slightly more than one patient out of three died during hospitalization, 36% (54 cases/150) and among these 70% (38 cases/54) were under 5 years old. The most lethal pathologies were severe malaria (36%), bacterial pneumonia (19.3%), meningitis (12.6%), bacterial neonatal infections (8.6%) and measles complicated by pneumonia (5.3%). Mortality during hospitalization was 36% of deaths (54 out of 150 patients) and 70.3% (38/54) of the deceased patients were under 5 years old. Conclusion: This study shows that fever is a frequent symptom and a sign of serious and very lethal pathologies. The cause of fever can be a diagnostic challenge for health workers. However, early identification of children at risk for serious illness could allow for prompt and appropriate management in appropriate settings.展开更多
Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are a means of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent scalability,safety,long cycling life,and decoupled power and energy capacities.However,the slow redox kinetics of va...Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are a means of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent scalability,safety,long cycling life,and decoupled power and energy capacities.However,the slow redox kinetics of vanadium species on conventional carbon electrodes remains a major limitation to their performance.We investigated the deposition of carbon black,carbon nanotubes,and electrochemically exfoliated graphene(Exf-Gr)onto thermally-activated carbon paper(ACP)by spray coating to increase the electrode electrocatalytic activity.The modified electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and surface area analysis,while their electrochemical properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and singlecell VRFB testing.Among the modified electrodes,Exf-Gr/ACP had the best performance,achieving a 2.9-fold reduction in charge transfer resistance compared to pristine ACP and delivering 2.5 times the discharge capacity in single-cell tests.This improvement is attributed to Exf-Gr’s high surface area,favorable catalytic activity,and excellent dispersion on the ACP substrate.Surface modification with electrochemically exfoliated graphene is a highly effective strategy for improving the electrode performance in VRFB systems,with significant implications for large-scale energy storage.展开更多
Neuronal cell death is a common outcome of multiple pathophysiological processes and a key factor in neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neuronal ferroptosis in particular plays an important role in...Neuronal cell death is a common outcome of multiple pathophysiological processes and a key factor in neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neuronal ferroptosis in particular plays an important role in early brain injury.Bromodomain-containing protein 4,a member of the bromo and extraterminal domain family of proteins,participated in multiple cell death pathways,but the mechanisms by which it regulates ferroptosis remain unclear.The primary aim of this study was to investigate how bromodomain-containing protein 4 affects neuronal ferroptosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro.Our findings revealed that endogenous bromodomain-containing protein 4 co-localized with neurons,and its expression was decreased 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage of the cerebral cortex in vivo.In addition,ferroptosis-related pathways were activated in vivo and in vitro after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Targeted inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 4 in neurons increased lipid peroxidation and intracellular ferrous iron accumulation via ferritinophagy and ultimately led to neuronal ferroptosis.Using cleavage under targets and tagmentation analysis,we found that bromodomain-containing protein 4 enrichment in the Raf-1 promoter region decreased following oxyhemoglobin stimulation in vitro.Furthermore,treating bromodomain-containing protein 4-knockdown HT-22 cell lines with GW5074,a Raf-1 inhibitor,exacerbated neuronal ferroptosis by suppressing the Raf-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Moreover,targeted inhibition of neuronal bromodomain-containing protein 4 exacerbated early and long-term neurological function deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Our findings suggest that bromodomain-containing protein 4 may have neuroprotective effects after subarachnoid hemorrhage,and that inhibiting ferroptosis could help treat subarachnoid hemorrhage.展开更多
The complexes 1-4 of cyclobutanocucurbit[5]uril(CyB5Q[5])with Na^(+)/K^(+)have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The results show that although the inorganic salts are used when th...The complexes 1-4 of cyclobutanocucurbit[5]uril(CyB5Q[5])with Na^(+)/K^(+)have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The results show that although the inorganic salts are used when the cations are the same and the anions are different,in complex 1,Na^(+)closes one port of CyB5Q[5]through Na—O seven coordination bonds to form a molecular bowl;in complex 3,Na^(+)completely closes the two ports of CyB5Q[5]to form a molecular capsule with six Na—O coordination bonds;in complexes 2 and 4,the two ports of CyB5Q[5]are completely closed to form K—O coordinated molecular capsules,but the K^(+)of complex 2 is six-coordinated and that of complex 4 is eight-/nine-coordinated.and complex 4 are connected by three oxygen bridges to form a 1D molecular chain.CCDC:2457122,1;2457121,2;2457400,3;2457120,4.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.F252065)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271190,32571323)the STI 2030 Major Project(No.2021ZD0203202)。
文摘Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA-induced joint pain is characterized as a deep tissue pain that potentially involves distinct subgroups of peripheral sensory neurons and central processing mechanisms.Furthermore,KOA pain is closely related to locomotion activity.Impaired sensorimotor integration and pain mutually reinforce each other in KOA,forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression.In this review,we highlight the key differences between KOA pain and cutaneous pain,and the latter has been extensively studied in the pain field.We hope to offer new insights into the central mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for KOA based on the interactions between impaired sensorimotor integration and chronic joint pain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82274304(to YH)the Major Clinical Study Projects of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center,No.SHDC2020CR2046B(to YH)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Talent Plan,No.2022LJ010(to YH).
文摘Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels,often leading to stroke and dementia.Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological mechanisms,preventing and treating cerebral small vessel vasculopathy is challenging.Recent studies have shown that the glymphatic system plays a crucial role in interstitial solute clearance and the maintenance of brain homeostasis.Increasing evidence also suggests that dysfunction in glymphatic clearance is a key factor in the progression of cerebral small vessel disease.This review begins with a comprehensive introduction to the structure,function,and driving factors of the glymphatic system,highlighting its essential role in brain waste clearance.Afterwards,cerebral small vessel disease was reviewed from the perspective of the glymphatic system,after which the mechanisms underlying their correlation were summarized.Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain,thereby exacerbating the pathological processes associated with cerebral small vessel disease.The review also discussed the direct evidence of glymphatic dysfunction in patients and animal models exhibiting two subtypes of cerebral small vessel disease:arteriolosclerosis-related cerebral small vessel disease and amyloid-related cerebral small vessel disease.Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space is an important non-invasive tool for assessing the clearance function of the glymphatic system.However,the effectiveness of its parameters needs to be enhanced.Among various nervous system diseases,including cerebral small vessel disease,glymphatic failure may be a common final pathway toward dementia.Overall,this review summarizes prevention and treatment strategies that target glymphatic drainage and will offer valuable insight for developing novel treatments for cerebral small vessel disease.
基金supported by grant from the National Key Technology Support Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2021ZD0203204)。
文摘Pseudounipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG),as the central nodes of primary sensory afferents,possess a distinctive T-junction that is not merely a morphological peculiarity but also performs complex roles in rapid,multiplexed shunting and regulation of sensory signals.This specialized geometry enables separation,filtering,and feedback regulation of neuronal signals,thereby coordinating peripheral and central responses at multiple levels.Recent advances,including spatial transcriptomics,single-cell sequencing,super-resolution microscopy,organoid models,and novel electrophysiological methods,have permitted more precise dissection of the T-junction's molecular composition,ion-channel distribution,and electrophysiological properties.Here,we review current knowledge of the T-junction's developmental regulation and multilayered molecular networks,and we detail its functional alterations in both physiological signaling and pathological pain states,with particular emphasis on ion-channel modulation,signal attenuation,and selective transmission mechanisms.Finally,we discuss contemporary pain-intervention approaches and prospects for precision-targeted therapies,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for future studies in pain physiology and clinical translation.
文摘Objective:To evaluate laboratory findings that predict bacterial meningitis in emergency service and their diagnostic effectiveness.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients presenting with meningitis symptoms at a referral hospital in Mersin,Turkey,between January 2019 and January 2022.Clinical findings and laboratory results,including leukocyte count,C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin levels in blood,were examined.Logistic regression,Chi square test,and receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve analyses assessed the predictive value of these parameters.Results:A total of 199 participants were included in the study;99 patients were diagnosed with meningitis after lumbar puncture and 100 served as controls.Patients with meningitis exhibited significantly higher leukocyte counts(median:11890×10^(3)/μL vs.7905×10^(3)/μL,P<0.001)and CRP levels(median:6.00 mg/dL vs.0.95 mg/dL,P<0.001)compared to controls.Procalcitonin levels were significantly elevated in meningitis patients(median:0.21 ng/mL vs.0.10 ng/mL,P<0.001).Logistic regression identified albumin(OR=0.16,95%CI=0.06-0.40),and CRP(OR=1.18,95%CI=1.08-1.28)as independent predictors of meningitis.ROC analysis for CRP demonstrated a sensitivity of 80.6%and specificity of 70.0%at a cut-off value of 2.23 mg/dL(AUC=0.792).Conclusions:Elevated albumin levels and CRP contents in the blood were significant predictors of meningitis in emergency service.Early identification of predictive markers may aid in timely lumbar puncture and management of atypical cases.
文摘We read the article by Karim MM et al discusses the presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism as recurrent acute pancreatitis,a rare clinical condition in pediatric patients presenting to the emergency department.As emergency medicine clinicians,we frequently encounter diverse and complex cases,and such rare conditions pose significant challenges in the diagnostic process.This article will discuss the management and diagnostic approach of such cases encountered in the emergency department.
文摘Introduction: Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop from the connective and muscular tissues of the uterus. Common among African-American women, patients suffering from them often arrive late to the hospital in our African regions. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perception of uterine fibroids among women who came to the gynecology-obstetrics department of the Regional Hospital Center (CHR) Tsévié. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study, with data collection conducted from May 7th to 20th, 2024, using systematic sampling. The study included all women present in the Gynecology-Obstetrics Department of CHR Tsévié during the study period who willingly and informedly consented to participate in the survey. Results: 362 women participated in the study. Among them, 36.8% had a secondary level, and 72.9% were Christians. About 97.5% had heard of uterine fibroids. In 63.5% of cases, their entourage was the principal source of information. The diagnostic methods mentioned by the women were ultrasound in 94.6% of cases, while prayers and occultism were also cited in 28% and 33.3% of cases, respectively. While 91.9% of the women considered the hospital, the place for treatment, some indicated that treatment would require plant-based approaches (46.8%) and prayers (26%). The cost of treatment was an obstacle for 85.4% of women, and 61.3% expressed fear of dying during surgery. There was a statistically significant relationship between treatment choice and religion. Conclusion: The majority of women had heard of uterine fibroids but had incorrect information about the treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82172196(to KX),82372507(to KX)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China,No.2023JJ40804(to QZ)the Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma(Hainan Medical University)of the Ministry of Education,China,No.KLET-202210(to QZ)。
文摘Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological mechanism in retinal degeneration.PANoptosis is a newly defined integral form of regulated cell death that combines the key features of pyroptosis,apoptosis,and necroptosis.Oligomerization of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 is an important pathological event in regulating cell death in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury.However,its role in PANoptosis remains largely unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with PANoptosis in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury.Inhibition of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction and PANoptosis in retinal cells subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury.Mechanistically,mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species played a central role in the voltagedependent anion channel 1-mediated regulation of PANoptosis by promoting PANoptosome assembly.Moreover,inhibiting voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization protected against PANoptosis in the retinas of rats subjected to ischemia–reperfusion injury.Overall,our findings reveal the critical role of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 oligomerization in regulating PANoptosis in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury,highlighting voltage-dependent anion channel 1 as a promising therapeutic target.
文摘Introduction: The therapeutic approach to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has evolved profoundly. Surgical treatment is reserved for complicated cases and the reference surgical technique is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). This work aims to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate in our department. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive study with retrospective data collection over a 12-month period from November 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024. The urology unit, an integral part of the surgery department, of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital in Conakry served as the setting for this study. It included 27 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy treated surgically by monopolar transurethral resection and having a usable medical record. The parameters studied were epidemiological, clinics and therapeutic. Results: The mean age of the patients was 68.57 ± 5.7 years with extremes from 50 to 79 years. The peak frequency was observed between 70 and 79 years (48.15%). All our patients had lower urinary tract disorders, i.e. 100% of cases. On digital rectal examination, an increase in the volume of the prostate of benign appearance was observed in all cases. The mean prostate volume was 43.7 cc on ultrasound with extremes from 34 cc to 58 cc. The total PSA level was less than 4 ng/ml in the majority of cases. The postoperative course was generally uncomplicated (n = 26) with removal of the urinary catheter on the second postoperative day (D2). However, one peroperative complication was observed in one patient;it was a bladder breach, leading to the passage of glycine into the peritoneum. Conclusion: Transurethral resection of the prostate has reduced the length of hospital stay of our patients, as well as the comorbidities associated with the treatment. The complications associated with it are rare but potentially serious. Its performance requires in-depth mastery of the endoscopic anatomy of the lower urinary tract as well as technical operative expertise.
文摘Introduction: Urethral prolapse, a rare benign lesion of the female urethra, is considered unusual in children, but it is far from exceptional in girls aged 18 to 24. African origin. The diagnosis is clinical but can be overlooked or confused with other pathologies. Treatment remains controversial. The aim of this work is to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data of urethral mucosal prolapse in young girls in our department. Materials and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study on urethral mucosal prolapse in little girls identified from the hospitalization records of the Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital in Conakry. The study period was 5 years. Patients were selected randomly. Outcome assessment focused on the occurrence of recurrences and urinary incontinence. The mean follow-up duration was 24 months. The parameters studied were: Age, clinical and histological findings, therapeutic data and patient outcomes. Results: The incidence of urethral mucosal prolapse in girls in the urology department was 2.2 cases/year. The mean age of the patients was 6.7 years (with extremes of 5 months and 10 years). The age group of 7 to 10 years was the most represented, observed in 63.63% of patients. The most frequent reason for consultation was vulvar bleeding in 7 patients, or 63.63%. Malpighian hyperplasia with a congested chorion was the most observed histological type, in 4 patients. Surgical treatment consisting of complete excision of the prolapsed part had given excellent results. Conclusion: Urethral prolapse is a rare pathology, observed mainly in young black girls. Its diagnosis is based mainly on clinical examination. Surgical treatment gives satisfactory results, both clinically and aesthetically.
文摘Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common metabolic complication of diabetes. Although historically reported in children, it is increasingly observed in adults. Short-term outcomes and prognosis vary widely across healthcare settings. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence, diagnostic characteristics, and outcomes of newly diagnosed diabetic ketoacidosis in a hospital setting in Dakar. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from January 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021, in the Endocrinology-Metabolism Department of the Pikine National Hospital Center. All diabetic patients hospitalized for newly diagnosed diabetic ketoacidosis during this period were included. Results: A total of 54 patients were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of newly diagnosed DKA in the facility was 17.1%. The mean age was 38.54 years, with a male predominance and a sex ratio of 1.16. Thirty-five patients had a family history of diabetes. Upon admission, 14.9% of patients had altered consciousness, and 92.4% exhibited cardinal symptoms, with an average duration of 14.2 days. Kussmaul breathing and gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in 13% and 33% of cases, respectively. The mean capillary blood glucose level at admission was 3.43 g/L. Infection was identified as the precipitating factor in half of the cases, while no triggering factor was found in the remaining cases. The mean BMI was 25.27 kg/m², and the average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 12.2%. We recorded the diabetes classification for all patients. Nine had type 1 diabetes, twelve had type 1b diabetes, thirty-one had type 2 diabetes, and two had diabetes secondary to corticosteroid therapy. All patients received continuous intravenous insulin therapy via a syringe pump. The mean time to ketosis resolution was 34.6 hours. The average total dose of regular insulin administered was 442.3 IU. The mean duration of hospitalization was 7.6 days. One patient died, and fifty-one were discharged while continuing insulin therapy, with an average dose of 53 IU. Conclusion: The prevalence of newly diagnosed DKA remains high. With proper management, the prognosis is generally favorable. Diabetes classification is crucial, as it determines subsequent treatment strategies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFC2501200(to PC).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids,metabolites produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbiota,have garnered significant attention due to their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases,particularly Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we summarize the changes in short-chain fatty acid levels and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in various samples from patients with Parkinson’s disease,highlighting the critical role of gut homeostasis imbalance in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease.Focusing on the nervous system,we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which short-chain fatty acids influence the homeostasis of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system.We identify key processes,including the activation of G protein-coupled receptors and the inhibition of histone deacetylases by short-chain fatty acids.Importantly,structural or functional disruptions in the enteric nervous system mediated by these fatty acids may lead to abnormalα-synuclein expression and gastrointestinal dysmotility,which could serve as an initiating event in Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,we propose that short-chain fatty acids help establish communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system via the vagal nerve,immune circulation,and endocrine signaling.This communication may shed light on their potential role in the transmission ofα-synuclein from the gut to the brain.Finally,we elucidate novel treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease that target short-chain fatty acids and examine the challenges associated with translating short-chain fatty acid-based therapies into clinical practice.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the pivotal role of short-chain fatty acids in regulating gut-brain axis integrity and their significance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease from the perspective of the nervous system.Moreover,it highlights the potential value of short-chain fatty acids in early intervention for Parkinson’s disease.Future research into the molecular mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids and their synergistic interactions with other gut metabolites is likely to advance the clinical translation of innovative short-chain fatty acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
文摘In order to explore the reduction pathways of zinc oxide in LiCl molten salt and the optimal process,experiments were conducted in an alumina crucible using metallic lithium as the reducing agent and lithium chloride molten salt as the reaction medium at 923 K.The study assessed the effects of lithium thermochemical reduction and electrolytic reduction of ZnO.The volatilization behavior of metal oxides in molten salts,the equivalent of a reducing agent,reduction time,amount of molten salt,stirring time,and the method of reduction feed were investigated for their impacts on the reduction yield and product composition.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)analysis of the products showed that lithium reduction of ZnO not only produced metallic Zn but also formed a LiZn alloy.Electrolytic reduction can be used to obtain the metallic Zn product by controlling the potential below-2.2 V(vs Ag/Ag^(+)).Moreover,sintered oxides and higher electrode potentials could enhance the efficiency of electrolysis.Under the optimal reaction conditions determined experimentally,the lithium reduction experiment achieved a yield of 77.2%after a 12-h test,and the electrolytic reduction reached a yield of 85.4%after a 6-h test.
文摘Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Methods We retrieved data from sepsis patients who underwent Th1/Th2 cytokine testing in Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from June 1,2020,to February 1,2022.An unsupervised K-means clustering method classified participants based on Th1/Th2 cytokine levels,with the primary outcome being the 7-day mortality rate post-ICU admission.Cox proportional hazards and Restricted Mean Survival Time(RMST)analyses were utilized to explore survival outcomes.Results A total of 321 sepsis patients were included.IL-6(HR 1.69,95%CI:1.22,2.34)and IL-10(HR 1.81,95%CI:1.37,2.40)emerged as independent predictors of 7-day mortality.Unsupervised K-means clustering revealed 3 inflammatory/immune subgroups:Cluster 1(n=166,low inflammatory response),Cluster 2(n=99,moderate inflammatory response with immune suppression),and Cluster 3(n=56,strong inflammatory and immune suppression).Compared to Cluster 1,Clusters 2 and 3 had higher 7-day mortality risks(14.4%vs 23.2%,HR=4.30,95%CI:1.51-12.26;14.4%vs 35.7%,HR=7.32,95%CI:2.57-20.79).Conclusion Septic patients in a protective immune response state(Cluster 1)exhibit better short-term prognoses,suggesting the importance of understanding inflammatory/immune states for precise treatment and improved outcomes.
文摘The department of Tillabéri is primarily affected by climatic phenomena, impacting crop yields, growing cycles, and consequently, the economic outcomes of agricultural operations. The objective of this study is to analyze these impacts of climate disruption on the economic performance of farms. The methodology adopted for this study combined documentary research with field surveys conducted on a sample of 250 randomly selected farmers. The analytical methods used mainly consisted of linear regression, profitability calculations, and linear programming. The findings indicate that all productions across different crops have experienced a decrease over the past 30 years. For instance, the production of millet, sorghum, and cowpea, which were respectively 812 kg/ha, 260 kg/ha, and 100 kg/ha between the last 30 and 20 years, has now dropped to 412 kg/ha, 106 kg/ha, and 46 kg/ha respectively. A negative and significant effect on agricultural net margin was observed due to variables such as flooding, drought, pest invasion in rice fields, and temperature changes. Smallholder farms show a relatively low margin (46%) to cover their fixed costs, which may indicate a risk if fixed expenses are high. Furthermore, the analysis results from linear programming reveal that farmers could achieve an additional net profit per hectare of 116,861 FCFA, 217201.5 FCFA, and 291988.2 FCFA respectively for small, medium, and large producers by managing variable costs and health-related expenses for households.
文摘An upconversion nanoparticle(NaErF_(4)∶Yb/Tm@NaLuF_(4)∶Yb@NaLuF_(4)∶Nd/Yb@NaLuF_(4),noted as UC)was designed,emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser.The mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2))shell co‑doped with chlorin e6(Ce6)and triethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H‑nonafluorohexyl)silane(TFS)was coated on the outer layer of UC,and then a layer of HKUST‑1 shell was coated.The obtained nanocomposite UC@Ce6/TFS@mSiO_(2)@HKUST‑1(noted as UCTSH)was used for the synergistic treatment of chemodynamic therapy(CDT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT).Interestingly,the nanostructures can specifically re lease Cu^(2+)in the acidic tumor microenvironment.Cu^(2+)reacts with excess hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in the tumor microenvironment to form cytotoxic hydroxyl radical.Secondly,Ce6,with the action of oxygen‑carrying TFS,selectively produces a large amount of singlet oxygen by 808 nm laser irradiation.UCTSH can enhance the anti‑tumor effects of PDT and CDT by increasing the production level of reactive oxygen species,without causing damage to normal cells.
文摘Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.
文摘Fever is the primary reason for consultation and admission to pediatric emergency departments. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, etiological and prognostic aspects of acute fever in children aged 0 - 15 years. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022 and affected all children aged 0 to 15 years old with a temperature of 39˚C or higher (≥), having less than five days and hospitalized in the pediatric department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. Results: During the study period, 150 children were included, the sex-ratio was 0.85. Children aged 0 - 5 years represented 71.4% of the sample. References represented more than half of the sample, or 58% of cases. Body temperature was above 40˚C in 18.7% of cases. Functional signs were dominated by respiratory signs in 28% and digestive signs in 18%. Clinical pallor was found in 55.3% of children associated with signs of respiratory struggle in 70% of cases and tachycardia in 40% of patients. Anemia was present in 65.3% of patients. Hyperleucocytosis and leukopenia were found in 45.3% and 43.3% of patients respectively. The C-reactive protein was positive in 44.7% of patients and Cytobacteriological Examination and Chemistry of Cerebrospinal Fluid was positive in 8.7% of cases. The thick drop was positive in 44.7% of patients and blood cultures grew in 6 patients. Etiology was dominated by severe malaria 54 cases (36%), pneumonia (19.3%), meningitis (12.6%), and in those under one month it was bacterial neonatal infection (8.6%). In our study, slightly more than one patient out of three died during hospitalization, 36% (54 cases/150) and among these 70% (38 cases/54) were under 5 years old. The most lethal pathologies were severe malaria (36%), bacterial pneumonia (19.3%), meningitis (12.6%), bacterial neonatal infections (8.6%) and measles complicated by pneumonia (5.3%). Mortality during hospitalization was 36% of deaths (54 out of 150 patients) and 70.3% (38/54) of the deceased patients were under 5 years old. Conclusion: This study shows that fever is a frequent symptom and a sign of serious and very lethal pathologies. The cause of fever can be a diagnostic challenge for health workers. However, early identification of children at risk for serious illness could allow for prompt and appropriate management in appropriate settings.
基金supported by the University of Seoul’s 2025 Research Fund.
文摘Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are a means of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent scalability,safety,long cycling life,and decoupled power and energy capacities.However,the slow redox kinetics of vanadium species on conventional carbon electrodes remains a major limitation to their performance.We investigated the deposition of carbon black,carbon nanotubes,and electrochemically exfoliated graphene(Exf-Gr)onto thermally-activated carbon paper(ACP)by spray coating to increase the electrode electrocatalytic activity.The modified electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and surface area analysis,while their electrochemical properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and singlecell VRFB testing.Among the modified electrodes,Exf-Gr/ACP had the best performance,achieving a 2.9-fold reduction in charge transfer resistance compared to pristine ACP and delivering 2.5 times the discharge capacity in single-cell tests.This improvement is attributed to Exf-Gr’s high surface area,favorable catalytic activity,and excellent dispersion on the ACP substrate.Surface modification with electrochemically exfoliated graphene is a highly effective strategy for improving the electrode performance in VRFB systems,with significant implications for large-scale energy storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82371310(to YJ),82271306(to JP)the Sichuan Science and Technology Support Program,Nos.2023YFH0069(to JP),2023NSFSC0028(to YJ),2023NSFSC1559(to YJ),2022YFS0615(to JP),2022NSFSC1421(to JP)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission,No.23LCYJ040(to YJ)Youth Foundation of Southwestern Medical University and Southwest Medical University Project,Nos.2020ZRQNA038(to JP),2021ZKZD013(to JP),2021LZXNYD-P01(to YJ),2023QN014(to JP).
文摘Neuronal cell death is a common outcome of multiple pathophysiological processes and a key factor in neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neuronal ferroptosis in particular plays an important role in early brain injury.Bromodomain-containing protein 4,a member of the bromo and extraterminal domain family of proteins,participated in multiple cell death pathways,but the mechanisms by which it regulates ferroptosis remain unclear.The primary aim of this study was to investigate how bromodomain-containing protein 4 affects neuronal ferroptosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro.Our findings revealed that endogenous bromodomain-containing protein 4 co-localized with neurons,and its expression was decreased 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage of the cerebral cortex in vivo.In addition,ferroptosis-related pathways were activated in vivo and in vitro after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Targeted inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 4 in neurons increased lipid peroxidation and intracellular ferrous iron accumulation via ferritinophagy and ultimately led to neuronal ferroptosis.Using cleavage under targets and tagmentation analysis,we found that bromodomain-containing protein 4 enrichment in the Raf-1 promoter region decreased following oxyhemoglobin stimulation in vitro.Furthermore,treating bromodomain-containing protein 4-knockdown HT-22 cell lines with GW5074,a Raf-1 inhibitor,exacerbated neuronal ferroptosis by suppressing the Raf-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Moreover,targeted inhibition of neuronal bromodomain-containing protein 4 exacerbated early and long-term neurological function deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Our findings suggest that bromodomain-containing protein 4 may have neuroprotective effects after subarachnoid hemorrhage,and that inhibiting ferroptosis could help treat subarachnoid hemorrhage.
文摘The complexes 1-4 of cyclobutanocucurbit[5]uril(CyB5Q[5])with Na^(+)/K^(+)have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The results show that although the inorganic salts are used when the cations are the same and the anions are different,in complex 1,Na^(+)closes one port of CyB5Q[5]through Na—O seven coordination bonds to form a molecular bowl;in complex 3,Na^(+)completely closes the two ports of CyB5Q[5]to form a molecular capsule with six Na—O coordination bonds;in complexes 2 and 4,the two ports of CyB5Q[5]are completely closed to form K—O coordinated molecular capsules,but the K^(+)of complex 2 is six-coordinated and that of complex 4 is eight-/nine-coordinated.and complex 4 are connected by three oxygen bridges to form a 1D molecular chain.CCDC:2457122,1;2457121,2;2457400,3;2457120,4.
