Toxocariasis is a helminthic zoonosis due to the presence in the human body of larvae of Toxocara sp., roundworms of the Ascaridae family. Less than 50 cases of central involvement related to toxocarasis have been rep...Toxocariasis is a helminthic zoonosis due to the presence in the human body of larvae of Toxocara sp., roundworms of the Ascaridae family. Less than 50 cases of central involvement related to toxocarasis have been reported in immunocompetent individuals. This involvement can result in epilepsy, meningoencephalitis, myelitis or encephalopathy. The standard treatment is albendazole at a dosage of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day. The duration of treatment varies greatly depending on the clinical cases reported, ranging from 5 days to several weeks in the case of severe forms. We report a case of myelitis due to Toxocara canis in a 14-year-old patient admitted for gait disorders. The laboratory assessment shows isolated hypereosinophilia at 8000 elements per mm3. Medullary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intradural process of inflammatory and infectious appearance extended between T10 and L1 levels, hypointense in T1, hyperintense in T2, and homogeneous. Parasitological analysis of the stools noted the presence of high concentrations of Toxocara canis. Serology by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is strongly positive for toxocariasis, and western blot confirms the presence of antibodies directed against Toxocara larvae. Treatment with albendazole 400 mg × 2/day for 10 days associated with corticosteroid therapy (prednisone 50 mg/day for 5 days) allowed the disappearance of pain in 8 days, normalization of eosinophilia and improvement of walking.展开更多
Introduction: Malignant sylvian infarction (MSI) is a type of ischemic stroke (ICS) usually affecting the entire territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) associated with significant cerebral edema and a mass. It ...Introduction: Malignant sylvian infarction (MSI) is a type of ischemic stroke (ICS) usually affecting the entire territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) associated with significant cerebral edema and a mass. It represents about 10% of all AICs, with a mortality of up to 80%. The objectives of our study were to describe the sociodemographic profile and the main clinical manifestations and identify the prognostic factors of ISM. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a 2-year period. It included patients hospitalized for cerebral infarction involving 2/3 of the ACM territory with a NIHSS score ≥ 17 and/or a Glasgow score Results: We collected 223 patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke, of whom 21 patients (9.4%) presented with ISM. The mean age was 57.43 ± 24.24 years with a male predominance (52.4%). The mean admission time was 47 ± 0.87 hours, and hemiplegia was the frequent neurological sign (85.7%). HBP was the common cardiovascular risk factor (76.2%). The mean NIHSS at admission was 18.38 ± 12.29. Respiratory distress (p-value = 0.00015), aspiration pneumonia (p-value = 0.015) and brain herniation (p-value = 0.014) were the main complications associated with mortality. Conclusion: ISM is associated with poor prognosis in the absence of surgical treatment. Respiratory distress, aspiration pneumonia and brain herniation are associated with high mortality.展开更多
Introduction: Pain has been defined for more than 20 years by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue dam...Introduction: Pain has been defined for more than 20 years by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. It has been recognized as a feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) since the first descriptions of the disease. Material and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting six (06) months from November 1, 2023 to April 30, 2024. We included all patients diagnosed with PD and who had pain. Sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data were evaluated for each patient. Results: We identified a sample of 62 Parkinson’s patients, of whom 52 patients or 85.2% had associated pain. We noted a male predominance (38M/14F) and a sex ratio of 2.71. Musculoskeletal pain was common in 80% of our respondents. WHO level I, antidepressants and background treatment for KD were the most prescribed molecules. Conclusion: Our study shows a frequency of pain in PD. However, musculoskeletal pain is the most frequently encountered type of pain in PD patients. WHO step I analgesics, antidepressants and background treatment of KD were the main prescriptions in our study.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients in neurology intensive care units(ICU)are prone to pressure injuries(PU)due to factors such as severe illness,long-term bed rest,and physiological dysfunction.PU not only causes pain and complicati...BACKGROUND Patients in neurology intensive care units(ICU)are prone to pressure injuries(PU)due to factors such as severe illness,long-term bed rest,and physiological dysfunction.PU not only causes pain and complications to patients,but also increases medical burden,prolongs hospitalization time,and affects the recovery process.AIM To evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of pressure injury prevention nursing measures in neurology ICU patients.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,and 60 patients who were admitted to the ICU of the Department of Neurology were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the order of admission,with 30 people in each group.The observation group implemented pressure injury prevention and nursing measures,while the control group adopted routine care.RESULTS Comparison between observation and control groups following pressure injury prevention nursing intervention revealed significantly lower incidence rates in the observation group compared to the control group at 48 h(8.3%vs 26.7%),7 d(16.7%vs 43.3%),and 14 d(20.0%vs 50.0%).This suggests a substantial reduction in pressure injury incidence in the observation group,with the gap widening over time.Additionally,patients in the observation group exhibited quicker recovery,with a shorter average time to get out of bed(48 h vs 72 h)and a shorter average length of stay(12 d vs 15 d)compared to the control group.Furthermore,post-intervention,patients in the observation group reported significantly improved quality of life scores,including higher scores in body satisfaction,feeling and function,and comfort(both psychological and physiological),indicating enhanced overall well-being and comfort following the implementation of pressure injury prevention nursing measures.CONCLUSION Implementing pressure injury preventive care measures for neurology ICU patients will have better results.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the clinical application effect of nursing intervention in the fall nursing of elderly patients in the Department of Neurology. Methods: in this study, 72 patients with the risk of falling admitt...Objective: to analyze the clinical application effect of nursing intervention in the fall nursing of elderly patients in the Department of Neurology. Methods: in this study, 72 patients with the risk of falling admitted to the Department of Neurology in our hospital from April 2018 to April 2020 were taken as the research objects. According to the random number method, they were randomly divided into the control group and the research group, with 36 cases in the former group (routine care) and 36 cases in the latter group (comprehensive care). Two kinds of nursing application and clinical fall event prevention and nursing satisfaction to carry out a comparative analysis. Results: the incidence of decline in the study group (2.7%) was lower than that in the control group (22.2%). Nursing satisfaction in the study group (100%) was higher than that in the control group (83.3%), P < 0.05. Conclusion: reasonable nursing intervention in the neurology department of elderly patients fall nursing can play a good preventive effect, and can improve nursing satisfaction.展开更多
Objective: to explore the effect of humanized nursing in intensive care of neurology department. Methods: 58 severe patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology in our hospital from February to October 20...Objective: to explore the effect of humanized nursing in intensive care of neurology department. Methods: 58 severe patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology in our hospital from February to October 2019 were selected as the research subjects, and they were equally divided into the experimental group and the control group. The effects and effectiveness of humanized nursing care in two groups were compared. Results: in terms of clinical nursing care, the effective rates of patient care in the experimental group and the control group were 95.55% and 82.76%, respectively. The effective rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the two groups' data were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In terms of comfort and neurological care, the difference in scores between the two groups was obviously insufficient before treatment, and both groups had improvements after treatment. The neurological score and comfort score in the experimental group were (11.09±2.17) and (11.09±2.17), respectively. In the control group, the neurological scores were (15.36±3.43) and comfort scores were (5.03±2.24). The experimental group was better than the control group, and the data between the two groups had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: humanistic nursing care for severe patients in neurology department is worthy of learning, because it can promote neurological recovery, improve comfort and prognosis.展开更多
Objective: with the increasing awareness of national health care and rights protection, the requirements for achieving high-quality prognosis and complete medical care skills are increasing. This is thought-provoking....Objective: with the increasing awareness of national health care and rights protection, the requirements for achieving high-quality prognosis and complete medical care skills are increasing. This is thought-provoking. In recent years, closed-loop management has been widely discussed and applied in the field of health care. Methods: 780 patients hospitalized in hospitals from April 2016 to March 2017 were selected as the control group, and 820 patients hospitalized in hospitals from April 2017 to March 2018 were selected as the observation group. Patients in control group were given routine nursing management. The observation group applied the closed-loop nursing management mode, which took the time of nurses nursing patients as the main line. The content of nursing work runs through the whole nursing work flow of nurses from the beginning of nursing, the implementation of nursing process, the end of nursing and the handover, forming a closed-loop process chain, which refines and streamlines nursing work and emphasizes the whole process quality control. Results: the difference between the two nursing management modes was evaluated by comparing the nurses' awareness rate of illness, mastery rate of safety knowledge of patients or accompanying nurses, satisfaction of patients or accompanying nurses, nursing quality and incidence rate of nursing risk events. Conclusion: the application effect of closed-loop management in neurology department is better than that of routine management, which can effectively improve the nursing effect and reduce the incidence of adverse risk events, and is worthy of clinical application.展开更多
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is an extremely rare and poorly described complication of central nervous system Tuberculosis (CNS-TB). In this study, we report the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a we...Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is an extremely rare and poorly described complication of central nervous system Tuberculosis (CNS-TB). In this study, we report the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a weakness of the left hemibody with diffuse headache, altered consciousness associated with fever. No notion of contagion was noted. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed a hematoma in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles with peri-lesional oedema of the right hemisphere;after injection of contrast product (CP), there were ring-shaped contrasts in the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle and the right thalamus. Angioscan showed no aneurysms or vascular anomalies. Chest X-ray showed micronodular opacities less than 1.5 cm in size in relation to miliary. Xpert MTB/RIF of sputum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT). The patient’s course was favourable under antihypertensive and antitubercular treatment. Conclusion: This case illustrates the diagnostic difficulties of CNS-TB due to the polymorphism of the clinical and radiological presentation of CNS-TB.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the application effect of safety management in nursing management of neurology department. Methods: 78 patients with neurological diseases in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were s...Objective: to analyze the application effect of safety management in nursing management of neurology department. Methods: 78 patients with neurological diseases in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 39 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing management, while the observation group was given additional safety management on the basis of routine nursing management. The incidence of risk and patient satisfaction under two different nursing management modes were compared. Results: the observation group using safety management had 1 case of adverse events, the risk incidence rate was (2.56%);while the control group using routine nursing management had 5 cases of adverse events, the risk incidence rate was (12.82%), the risk incidence rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).Secondly, the satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion: the safety measures in nerve nursing management can effectively reduce the risk, and play an important role in helping patients recover.展开更多
Objective: to explore the utility value of safety management in nursing management of neurology department. Methods: 130 patients were randomly selected in the department of neurology in the hospital for a comparative...Objective: to explore the utility value of safety management in nursing management of neurology department. Methods: 130 patients were randomly selected in the department of neurology in the hospital for a comparative study, and divided into two groups. There were 65 cases in the control group and 65 cases in the observation group. They were adopted routine nursing management and safety management on this basis respectively. The incidence of adverse events and nursing satisfaction were compared. Results: the data showed that the data of the observation group implementing safety management were excellent, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: in the clinical nursing of patients in neurology department, safety management can effectively avoid various risk factors, reduce the occurrence of accidents, and provide them with high-quality nursing and good rehabilitation environment.展开更多
Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional recovery.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this condition.E...Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional recovery.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this condition.Exosomes are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological conditions.They have low immunogenicity,good stability,high delivery efficiency,and the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier.These physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic stroke.The rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes,which can effectively improve targeting ability,enhance therapeutic efficacy,and minimize the dosages needed.Advances in technology have also driven clinical translational research on exosomes.In this review,we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke,including their antiinflammation,anti-apoptosis,autophagy-regulation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and glial scar formation reduction effects.However,it is worth noting that,despite their significant therapeutic potential,there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified exosomes.Future optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic stroke.Ultimately,our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modu...Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as ‘cell polarization.’ There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations(microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.展开更多
Neurotoxic astrocytes are a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Low-density lipoprotein receptor,a classic cholesterol regulatory receptor,has been found to inhibit...Neurotoxic astrocytes are a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Low-density lipoprotein receptor,a classic cholesterol regulatory receptor,has been found to inhibit NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in neurons following ischemic stroke and to suppress the activation of microglia and astrocytes in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.However,little is known about the effects of low-density lipoprotein receptor on astrocytic activation in ischemic stroke.To address this issue in the present study,we examined the mechanisms by which low-density lipoprotein receptor regulates astrocytic polarization in ischemic stroke models.First,we examined low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in astrocytes via immunofluorescence staining and western blotting analysis.We observed significant downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor following middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.Second,we induced the astrocyte-specific overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor using astrocyte-specific adeno-associated virus.Low-density lipoprotein receptor overexpression in astrocytes improved neurological outcomes in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice and reversed neurotoxic astrocytes to create a neuroprotective phenotype.Finally,we found that the overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injured astrocytes and that the addition of nigericin,an NLRP3 agonist,restored the neurotoxic astrocyte phenotype.These findings suggest that low-density lipoprotein receptor could inhibit the NLRP3-meidiated neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes and that increasing low-density lipoprotein receptor in astrocytes might represent a novel strategy for treating cerebral ischemic stroke.展开更多
The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically revie...The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed.Here,we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy,ferroptosis,cellular pyroptosis,disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis,inflammatory responses,disruption of the blood–brain barrier,microglia transformation,and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.We further analyze the value of cGAS–STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms.Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.展开更多
Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta.Ferroptosis,a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidati...Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta.Ferroptosis,a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation,plays a vital role in the death of dopaminergic neurons.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons have not yet been completely elucidated.NADPH oxidase 4 is related to oxidative stress,however,whether it regulates dopaminergic neuronal ferroptosis remains unknown.The aim of this study was to determine whether NADPH oxidase 4 is involved in dopaminergic neuronal ferroptosis,and if so,by what mechanism.We found that the transcriptional regulator activating transcription factor 3 increased NADPH oxidase 4 expression in dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model.NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition improved the behavioral impairments observed in the Parkinson's disease model animals and reduced the death of dopaminergic neurons.Moreover,NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition reduced lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in the substantia nigra of the Parkinson's disease model animals.Mechanistically,we found that NADPH oxidase 4 interacted with activated protein kinase Cαto prevent ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons.Furthermore,by lowering the astrocytic lipocalin-2 expression,NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition reduced 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine-induced neuroinflammation.These findings demonstrate that NADPH oxidase 4 promotes ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons and neuroinflammation,which contribute to dopaminergic neuron death,suggesting that NADPH oxidase 4 is a possible therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxid...Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Regulated cell death(such as apoptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,autophagy,cuproptosis,ferroptosis,disulfidptosis)involves complex signaling pathways and molecular effectors,and has been proven to be an important regulat...Regulated cell death(such as apoptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,autophagy,cuproptosis,ferroptosis,disulfidptosis)involves complex signaling pathways and molecular effectors,and has been proven to be an important regulatory mechanism for regulating neuronal aging and death.However,excessive activation of regulated cell death may lead to the progression of aging-related diseases.This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of seven forms of regulated cell death in age-related diseases.Notably,the newly identified ferroptosis and cuproptosis have been implicated in the risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.These forms of cell death exacerbate disease progression by promoting inflammation,oxidative stress,and pathological protein aggregation.The review also provides an overview of key signaling pathways and crosstalk mechanisms among these regulated cell death forms,with a focus on ferroptosis,cuproptosis,and disulfidptosis.For instance,FDX1 directly induces cuproptosis by regulating copper ion valency and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase aggregation,while copper mediates glutathione peroxidase 4 degradation,enhancing ferroptosis sensitivity.Additionally,inhibiting the Xc-transport system to prevent ferroptosis can increase disulfide formation and shift the NADP^(+)/NADPH ratio,transitioning ferroptosis to disulfidptosis.These insights help to uncover the potential connections among these novel regulated cell death forms and differentiate them from traditional regulated cell death mechanisms.In conclusion,identifying key targets and their crosstalk points among various regulated cell death pathways may aid in developing specific biomarkers to reverse the aging clock and treat age-related neurodegenerative conditions.展开更多
The endoplasmic reticulum,a key cellular organelle,regulates a wide variety of cellular activities.Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy,one of the quality control systems of the endoplasmic reticulum,plays a pivotal role i...The endoplasmic reticulum,a key cellular organelle,regulates a wide variety of cellular activities.Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy,one of the quality control systems of the endoplasmic reticulum,plays a pivotal role in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by controlling endoplasmic reticulum turnover,remodeling,and proteostasis.In this review,we briefly describe the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system,and subsequently focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy,emphasizing the spatial and temporal mechanisms underlying the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy according to cellular requirements.We also summarize the evidence relating to how defective or abnormal endoplasmic reticulum autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.In summary,this review highlights the mechanisms associated with the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and how they influence the pathophysiology of degenerative nerve disorders.This review would help researchers to understand the roles and regulatory mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum-phagy in neurodegenerative disorders.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older adults.Despite its prevalence,its pathogenesis remains unclea r.In addition to the most widely accepted causes,which in clude excessive amyloid-b...Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older adults.Despite its prevalence,its pathogenesis remains unclea r.In addition to the most widely accepted causes,which in clude excessive amyloid-beta aggregation,tau hyperphosphorylation,and deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine,numerous studies have shown that the dopaminergic system is also closely associated with the occurrence and development of this condition.Dopamine is a crucial catecholaminergic neurotransmitter in the human body.Dopamine-associated treatments,such as drugs that target dopamine receptor D and dopamine analogs,can improve cognitive function and alleviate psychiatric symptoms as well as ameliorate other clinical manifestations.Howeve r,therapeutics targeting the dopaminergic system are associated with various adverse reactions,such as addiction and exacerbation of cognitive impairment.This review summarizes the role of the dopaminergic system in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease,focusing on currently available dopamine-based therapies for this disorder and the common side effects associated with dopamine-related drugs.The aim of this review is to provide insights into the potential connections between the dopaminergic system and Alzheimer's disease,thus helping to clarify the mechanisms underlying the condition and exploring more effective therapeutic options.展开更多
Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic ...Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.展开更多
文摘Toxocariasis is a helminthic zoonosis due to the presence in the human body of larvae of Toxocara sp., roundworms of the Ascaridae family. Less than 50 cases of central involvement related to toxocarasis have been reported in immunocompetent individuals. This involvement can result in epilepsy, meningoencephalitis, myelitis or encephalopathy. The standard treatment is albendazole at a dosage of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day. The duration of treatment varies greatly depending on the clinical cases reported, ranging from 5 days to several weeks in the case of severe forms. We report a case of myelitis due to Toxocara canis in a 14-year-old patient admitted for gait disorders. The laboratory assessment shows isolated hypereosinophilia at 8000 elements per mm3. Medullary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intradural process of inflammatory and infectious appearance extended between T10 and L1 levels, hypointense in T1, hyperintense in T2, and homogeneous. Parasitological analysis of the stools noted the presence of high concentrations of Toxocara canis. Serology by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is strongly positive for toxocariasis, and western blot confirms the presence of antibodies directed against Toxocara larvae. Treatment with albendazole 400 mg × 2/day for 10 days associated with corticosteroid therapy (prednisone 50 mg/day for 5 days) allowed the disappearance of pain in 8 days, normalization of eosinophilia and improvement of walking.
文摘Introduction: Malignant sylvian infarction (MSI) is a type of ischemic stroke (ICS) usually affecting the entire territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) associated with significant cerebral edema and a mass. It represents about 10% of all AICs, with a mortality of up to 80%. The objectives of our study were to describe the sociodemographic profile and the main clinical manifestations and identify the prognostic factors of ISM. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a 2-year period. It included patients hospitalized for cerebral infarction involving 2/3 of the ACM territory with a NIHSS score ≥ 17 and/or a Glasgow score Results: We collected 223 patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke, of whom 21 patients (9.4%) presented with ISM. The mean age was 57.43 ± 24.24 years with a male predominance (52.4%). The mean admission time was 47 ± 0.87 hours, and hemiplegia was the frequent neurological sign (85.7%). HBP was the common cardiovascular risk factor (76.2%). The mean NIHSS at admission was 18.38 ± 12.29. Respiratory distress (p-value = 0.00015), aspiration pneumonia (p-value = 0.015) and brain herniation (p-value = 0.014) were the main complications associated with mortality. Conclusion: ISM is associated with poor prognosis in the absence of surgical treatment. Respiratory distress, aspiration pneumonia and brain herniation are associated with high mortality.
文摘Introduction: Pain has been defined for more than 20 years by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. It has been recognized as a feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) since the first descriptions of the disease. Material and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting six (06) months from November 1, 2023 to April 30, 2024. We included all patients diagnosed with PD and who had pain. Sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data were evaluated for each patient. Results: We identified a sample of 62 Parkinson’s patients, of whom 52 patients or 85.2% had associated pain. We noted a male predominance (38M/14F) and a sex ratio of 2.71. Musculoskeletal pain was common in 80% of our respondents. WHO level I, antidepressants and background treatment for KD were the most prescribed molecules. Conclusion: Our study shows a frequency of pain in PD. However, musculoskeletal pain is the most frequently encountered type of pain in PD patients. WHO step I analgesics, antidepressants and background treatment of KD were the main prescriptions in our study.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients in neurology intensive care units(ICU)are prone to pressure injuries(PU)due to factors such as severe illness,long-term bed rest,and physiological dysfunction.PU not only causes pain and complications to patients,but also increases medical burden,prolongs hospitalization time,and affects the recovery process.AIM To evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of pressure injury prevention nursing measures in neurology ICU patients.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,and 60 patients who were admitted to the ICU of the Department of Neurology were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the order of admission,with 30 people in each group.The observation group implemented pressure injury prevention and nursing measures,while the control group adopted routine care.RESULTS Comparison between observation and control groups following pressure injury prevention nursing intervention revealed significantly lower incidence rates in the observation group compared to the control group at 48 h(8.3%vs 26.7%),7 d(16.7%vs 43.3%),and 14 d(20.0%vs 50.0%).This suggests a substantial reduction in pressure injury incidence in the observation group,with the gap widening over time.Additionally,patients in the observation group exhibited quicker recovery,with a shorter average time to get out of bed(48 h vs 72 h)and a shorter average length of stay(12 d vs 15 d)compared to the control group.Furthermore,post-intervention,patients in the observation group reported significantly improved quality of life scores,including higher scores in body satisfaction,feeling and function,and comfort(both psychological and physiological),indicating enhanced overall well-being and comfort following the implementation of pressure injury prevention nursing measures.CONCLUSION Implementing pressure injury preventive care measures for neurology ICU patients will have better results.
文摘Objective: to analyze the clinical application effect of nursing intervention in the fall nursing of elderly patients in the Department of Neurology. Methods: in this study, 72 patients with the risk of falling admitted to the Department of Neurology in our hospital from April 2018 to April 2020 were taken as the research objects. According to the random number method, they were randomly divided into the control group and the research group, with 36 cases in the former group (routine care) and 36 cases in the latter group (comprehensive care). Two kinds of nursing application and clinical fall event prevention and nursing satisfaction to carry out a comparative analysis. Results: the incidence of decline in the study group (2.7%) was lower than that in the control group (22.2%). Nursing satisfaction in the study group (100%) was higher than that in the control group (83.3%), P < 0.05. Conclusion: reasonable nursing intervention in the neurology department of elderly patients fall nursing can play a good preventive effect, and can improve nursing satisfaction.
文摘Objective: to explore the effect of humanized nursing in intensive care of neurology department. Methods: 58 severe patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology in our hospital from February to October 2019 were selected as the research subjects, and they were equally divided into the experimental group and the control group. The effects and effectiveness of humanized nursing care in two groups were compared. Results: in terms of clinical nursing care, the effective rates of patient care in the experimental group and the control group were 95.55% and 82.76%, respectively. The effective rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the two groups' data were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In terms of comfort and neurological care, the difference in scores between the two groups was obviously insufficient before treatment, and both groups had improvements after treatment. The neurological score and comfort score in the experimental group were (11.09±2.17) and (11.09±2.17), respectively. In the control group, the neurological scores were (15.36±3.43) and comfort scores were (5.03±2.24). The experimental group was better than the control group, and the data between the two groups had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: humanistic nursing care for severe patients in neurology department is worthy of learning, because it can promote neurological recovery, improve comfort and prognosis.
文摘Objective: with the increasing awareness of national health care and rights protection, the requirements for achieving high-quality prognosis and complete medical care skills are increasing. This is thought-provoking. In recent years, closed-loop management has been widely discussed and applied in the field of health care. Methods: 780 patients hospitalized in hospitals from April 2016 to March 2017 were selected as the control group, and 820 patients hospitalized in hospitals from April 2017 to March 2018 were selected as the observation group. Patients in control group were given routine nursing management. The observation group applied the closed-loop nursing management mode, which took the time of nurses nursing patients as the main line. The content of nursing work runs through the whole nursing work flow of nurses from the beginning of nursing, the implementation of nursing process, the end of nursing and the handover, forming a closed-loop process chain, which refines and streamlines nursing work and emphasizes the whole process quality control. Results: the difference between the two nursing management modes was evaluated by comparing the nurses' awareness rate of illness, mastery rate of safety knowledge of patients or accompanying nurses, satisfaction of patients or accompanying nurses, nursing quality and incidence rate of nursing risk events. Conclusion: the application effect of closed-loop management in neurology department is better than that of routine management, which can effectively improve the nursing effect and reduce the incidence of adverse risk events, and is worthy of clinical application.
文摘Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is an extremely rare and poorly described complication of central nervous system Tuberculosis (CNS-TB). In this study, we report the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a weakness of the left hemibody with diffuse headache, altered consciousness associated with fever. No notion of contagion was noted. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed a hematoma in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles with peri-lesional oedema of the right hemisphere;after injection of contrast product (CP), there were ring-shaped contrasts in the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle and the right thalamus. Angioscan showed no aneurysms or vascular anomalies. Chest X-ray showed micronodular opacities less than 1.5 cm in size in relation to miliary. Xpert MTB/RIF of sputum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT). The patient’s course was favourable under antihypertensive and antitubercular treatment. Conclusion: This case illustrates the diagnostic difficulties of CNS-TB due to the polymorphism of the clinical and radiological presentation of CNS-TB.
文摘Objective: to analyze the application effect of safety management in nursing management of neurology department. Methods: 78 patients with neurological diseases in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 39 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing management, while the observation group was given additional safety management on the basis of routine nursing management. The incidence of risk and patient satisfaction under two different nursing management modes were compared. Results: the observation group using safety management had 1 case of adverse events, the risk incidence rate was (2.56%);while the control group using routine nursing management had 5 cases of adverse events, the risk incidence rate was (12.82%), the risk incidence rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).Secondly, the satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion: the safety measures in nerve nursing management can effectively reduce the risk, and play an important role in helping patients recover.
文摘Objective: to explore the utility value of safety management in nursing management of neurology department. Methods: 130 patients were randomly selected in the department of neurology in the hospital for a comparative study, and divided into two groups. There were 65 cases in the control group and 65 cases in the observation group. They were adopted routine nursing management and safety management on this basis respectively. The incidence of adverse events and nursing satisfaction were compared. Results: the data showed that the data of the observation group implementing safety management were excellent, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: in the clinical nursing of patients in neurology department, safety management can effectively avoid various risk factors, reduce the occurrence of accidents, and provide them with high-quality nursing and good rehabilitation environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071291(to YY),82301464(to HM)the Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University,No.2022JBGS03(to YY)+2 种基金a grant from Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,Nos.YDZJ202302CXJD061(to YY),20220303002SF(to YY)a grant from Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory,No.YDZJ202302CXJD017(to YY)Talent Reserve Program of First Hospital of Jilin University,No.JDYYCB-2023002(to ZNG)。
文摘Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional recovery.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this condition.Exosomes are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological conditions.They have low immunogenicity,good stability,high delivery efficiency,and the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier.These physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic stroke.The rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes,which can effectively improve targeting ability,enhance therapeutic efficacy,and minimize the dosages needed.Advances in technology have also driven clinical translational research on exosomes.In this review,we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke,including their antiinflammation,anti-apoptosis,autophagy-regulation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and glial scar formation reduction effects.However,it is worth noting that,despite their significant therapeutic potential,there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified exosomes.Future optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic stroke.Ultimately,our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos.82201474 (to GL), 82071330 (to ZT), and 92148206 (to ZT)Key Research and Discovery Program of Hubei Province, No.2021BCA109 (to ZT)。
文摘Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as ‘cell polarization.’ There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations(microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82201460(to YH)Nanjing Medical University Science and Technology Development Fund,No.NMUB20210202(to YH).
文摘Neurotoxic astrocytes are a promising therapeutic target for the attenuation of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Low-density lipoprotein receptor,a classic cholesterol regulatory receptor,has been found to inhibit NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in neurons following ischemic stroke and to suppress the activation of microglia and astrocytes in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.However,little is known about the effects of low-density lipoprotein receptor on astrocytic activation in ischemic stroke.To address this issue in the present study,we examined the mechanisms by which low-density lipoprotein receptor regulates astrocytic polarization in ischemic stroke models.First,we examined low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in astrocytes via immunofluorescence staining and western blotting analysis.We observed significant downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor following middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.Second,we induced the astrocyte-specific overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor using astrocyte-specific adeno-associated virus.Low-density lipoprotein receptor overexpression in astrocytes improved neurological outcomes in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice and reversed neurotoxic astrocytes to create a neuroprotective phenotype.Finally,we found that the overexpression of low-density lipoprotein receptor inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injured astrocytes and that the addition of nigericin,an NLRP3 agonist,restored the neurotoxic astrocyte phenotype.These findings suggest that low-density lipoprotein receptor could inhibit the NLRP3-meidiated neurotoxic polarization of astrocytes and that increasing low-density lipoprotein receptor in astrocytes might represent a novel strategy for treating cerebral ischemic stroke.
基金supported by Yuan Du Scholars,Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University,No.2022WYFYLCYJ02Weifang Key Laboratory,Weifang Science and Technology Development Plan Project Medical Category,No.2022YX093.
文摘The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed.Here,we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy,ferroptosis,cellular pyroptosis,disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis,inflammatory responses,disruption of the blood–brain barrier,microglia transformation,and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.We further analyze the value of cGAS–STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms.Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271444(to JP),82271268(to BZ),and 82001346(to YL)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFE0210100(to BZ)。
文摘Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta.Ferroptosis,a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation,plays a vital role in the death of dopaminergic neurons.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons have not yet been completely elucidated.NADPH oxidase 4 is related to oxidative stress,however,whether it regulates dopaminergic neuronal ferroptosis remains unknown.The aim of this study was to determine whether NADPH oxidase 4 is involved in dopaminergic neuronal ferroptosis,and if so,by what mechanism.We found that the transcriptional regulator activating transcription factor 3 increased NADPH oxidase 4 expression in dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model.NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition improved the behavioral impairments observed in the Parkinson's disease model animals and reduced the death of dopaminergic neurons.Moreover,NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition reduced lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in the substantia nigra of the Parkinson's disease model animals.Mechanistically,we found that NADPH oxidase 4 interacted with activated protein kinase Cαto prevent ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons.Furthermore,by lowering the astrocytic lipocalin-2 expression,NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition reduced 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine-induced neuroinflammation.These findings demonstrate that NADPH oxidase 4 promotes ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons and neuroinflammation,which contribute to dopaminergic neuron death,suggesting that NADPH oxidase 4 is a possible therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071442 (to LS)a grant from the Jilin Provincial Department of Finance,No.JLSWSRCZX2021-004 (to LS)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinical trials are required to validate the therapeutic effects of strategies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by the Key Projects of Medical Science and Technology of Henan Province,No.SBGJ202002099(to JY)。
文摘Regulated cell death(such as apoptosis,necroptosis,pyroptosis,autophagy,cuproptosis,ferroptosis,disulfidptosis)involves complex signaling pathways and molecular effectors,and has been proven to be an important regulatory mechanism for regulating neuronal aging and death.However,excessive activation of regulated cell death may lead to the progression of aging-related diseases.This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of seven forms of regulated cell death in age-related diseases.Notably,the newly identified ferroptosis and cuproptosis have been implicated in the risk of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.These forms of cell death exacerbate disease progression by promoting inflammation,oxidative stress,and pathological protein aggregation.The review also provides an overview of key signaling pathways and crosstalk mechanisms among these regulated cell death forms,with a focus on ferroptosis,cuproptosis,and disulfidptosis.For instance,FDX1 directly induces cuproptosis by regulating copper ion valency and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase aggregation,while copper mediates glutathione peroxidase 4 degradation,enhancing ferroptosis sensitivity.Additionally,inhibiting the Xc-transport system to prevent ferroptosis can increase disulfide formation and shift the NADP^(+)/NADPH ratio,transitioning ferroptosis to disulfidptosis.These insights help to uncover the potential connections among these novel regulated cell death forms and differentiate them from traditional regulated cell death mechanisms.In conclusion,identifying key targets and their crosstalk points among various regulated cell death pathways may aid in developing specific biomarkers to reverse the aging clock and treat age-related neurodegenerative conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.92049120 and 81870897STI2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0204001+6 种基金Guangdong Key Project for Development of New Tools for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autism,No.2018B030335001the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20181436the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drug Development,No.2019ZX09301102the Discipline Construction Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,No.XKTJ-TD202003Sino-German Cooperation Mobility Programme,No.M-0679the Science and Technology Project of Suzhou,No.SKY2022161Research Project of Neurological Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Medical Center,No.ND2023A01(all to QHM)。
文摘The endoplasmic reticulum,a key cellular organelle,regulates a wide variety of cellular activities.Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy,one of the quality control systems of the endoplasmic reticulum,plays a pivotal role in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by controlling endoplasmic reticulum turnover,remodeling,and proteostasis.In this review,we briefly describe the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system,and subsequently focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy,emphasizing the spatial and temporal mechanisms underlying the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy according to cellular requirements.We also summarize the evidence relating to how defective or abnormal endoplasmic reticulum autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.In summary,this review highlights the mechanisms associated with the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and how they influence the pathophysiology of degenerative nerve disorders.This review would help researchers to understand the roles and regulatory mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum-phagy in neurodegenerative disorders.
文摘Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older adults.Despite its prevalence,its pathogenesis remains unclea r.In addition to the most widely accepted causes,which in clude excessive amyloid-beta aggregation,tau hyperphosphorylation,and deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine,numerous studies have shown that the dopaminergic system is also closely associated with the occurrence and development of this condition.Dopamine is a crucial catecholaminergic neurotransmitter in the human body.Dopamine-associated treatments,such as drugs that target dopamine receptor D and dopamine analogs,can improve cognitive function and alleviate psychiatric symptoms as well as ameliorate other clinical manifestations.Howeve r,therapeutics targeting the dopaminergic system are associated with various adverse reactions,such as addiction and exacerbation of cognitive impairment.This review summarizes the role of the dopaminergic system in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease,focusing on currently available dopamine-based therapies for this disorder and the common side effects associated with dopamine-related drugs.The aim of this review is to provide insights into the potential connections between the dopaminergic system and Alzheimer's disease,thus helping to clarify the mechanisms underlying the condition and exploring more effective therapeutic options.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82301486(to SL)and 82071325(to FY)Medjaden Academy&Research Foundation for Young Scientists,No.MJR202310040(to SL)+2 种基金Nanjing Medical University Science and Technique Development,No.NMUB20220060(to SL)Medical Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health,No.ZDA2020019(to JZ)Health China Buchang Zhiyuan Public Welfare Project for Heart and Brain Health,No.HIGHER202102(to QD).
文摘Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.
