Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The progressive degeneration of dopamine(DA)producing neurons in the midbrain is the pathological hallmark,which leads to debilitating motor...Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The progressive degeneration of dopamine(DA)producing neurons in the midbrain is the pathological hallmark,which leads to debilitating motor symptoms,including tremors,rigidity,and bradykinesia.Drug treatments,such as levodopa,provide symptomatic relief.However,they do not halt disease progression,and their effectiveness diminishes over time(reviewed in Poewe et al.,2017).展开更多
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis(RAS)is a very frequent condition in developed countries whose basic symptom is a lesion referred to as an aphthous ulcer.High levels of interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6 and low salivary levels ...Recurrent aphthous stomatitis(RAS)is a very frequent condition in developed countries whose basic symptom is a lesion referred to as an aphthous ulcer.High levels of interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6 and low salivary levels of IL-10 are the basis of RAS pathogenesis.Sublingual supplements based on IL-10 can be very useful in reducing the phenomenon of aphthous recurrence in patients with RAS.An observational clinical experience with a group of 5 patients with RAS receiving a commercially available IL-10-based supplement was reported by the authors.The findings revealed a subsequent reduction in the incidence of mouth ulcers.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and recurrent intestinal disease,and has become a major global health issue.Individuals with IBD face an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer(CRC),and recent studie...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and recurrent intestinal disease,and has become a major global health issue.Individuals with IBD face an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer(CRC),and recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both IBD and CRC.This review covers the pathogenesis of IBD and CRC,focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction,and explores pharmacological targets and strategies for addressing both conditions by modulating mitochondrial function.Additionally,recent advancements in the pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction for treating IBD and CRC,encompassing mitochondrial damage,release of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA),and impairment of mitophagy,are thoroughly summarized.The review also provides a systematic overview of natural compounds(such as flavonoids,alkaloids,and diterpenoids),Chinese medicines,and intestinal microbiota,which can alleviate IBD and attenuate the progression of CRC by modulating mitochondrial function.In the future,it will be imperative to develop more practical methodologies for real-time monitoring and accurate detection of mitochondrial function,which will greatly aid scientists in identifying more effective agents for treating IBD and CRC through modulation of mitochondrial function.展开更多
Concrete pavement often experiences accelerated deterioration due to water and chemical ingress through micro-cracks and surface voids.Particularly,the ingress of aggressive agents into the concrete matrix results in ...Concrete pavement often experiences accelerated deterioration due to water and chemical ingress through micro-cracks and surface voids.Particularly,the ingress of aggressive agents into the concrete matrix results in irreversible changes and deterioration on its endurance.Numerous studies unveiled that hydrophobic surface protection could be an inexpensive and effective way of enhancing the durability of concrete.This research work aims to assess the feasibility of bio-cement posttreatment for facilitating hydrophobic surface protection,thus enhancing the performance and durability of concrete blocks.Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)is one of the promising bio-cement methods.Concrete blocks casted in four different grades were subjected to EICP treatment with different treatment schemes and recipes of cementation media.The treated blocks were tested for water absorption,ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV)measurements,unconfined compressive strength(UCS),thermal performance,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicated that the concrete blocks subjected to EICP posttreatment showed over a 55%reduction in water absorption,a 15%higher UCS and a 6.7%higher UPV when compared with control blocks.The SEM analysis suggested that the EICP posttreatment could enhance the durability of concrete paving blocks by enabling a layer of calcite on the surface and by plugging the transport pore channels of the concrete.Although most of the posttreatment strategies investigated herein were found to be operative,a better response was seen in the posttreatment by spraying scheme with 0.5 mol/L cementation media(CM).With the successful demonstration,the EICP treatment prior to the use of concrete blocks can be recommended to the pavement construction industry.展开更多
Enhancing the efficiency of Rankine cycles is crucial for improving the performance of thermal power plants,as it directly impacts operational costs and emissions in light of energy transition goals.This study sets it...Enhancing the efficiency of Rankine cycles is crucial for improving the performance of thermal power plants,as it directly impacts operational costs and emissions in light of energy transition goals.This study sets itself apart from existing research by applying a novel optimization technique to a basic ideal Rankine cycle,focusing on a specific power plant that has not been previously analyzed.Currently,this cycle operates at 41%efficiency and a steam quality of 76%,constrained by fixed operational parameters.The primary objectives are to increase thermal efficiency beyond 46%and raise steam quality above 85%,while adhering to operational limits:a boiler pressure not exceeding 15 MPa,condenser pressure not dropping below 10 kPa,and turbine temperature not surpassing 500℃.This study utilizes numerical simulations to model the effects of varying boiler pressure(Pb)and condenser pressure(Pc)within the ranges of 12MPa<Pb<15 MPa and 5 kPa<Pc<10 kPa.By systematically adjusting these parameters,the proposed aimto identify optimal conditions that maximize efficiency and performance within specified constraints.The findings will provide valuable insights for power plant operators seeking to optimize performance under real-world conditions,contributing to more efficient and sustainable power generation.展开更多
Complex genetic relationships between neurodegenerative disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms have been shown, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms and emphasizing the potential for developing common therapeutic ...Complex genetic relationships between neurodegenerative disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms have been shown, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms and emphasizing the potential for developing common therapeutic targets. Apolipoprotein E(APOE) genotypes and their corresponding protein(Apo E) isoforms may influence the biophysical properties of the cell membrane lipid bilayer. However, the role of APOE in central nervous system pathophysiology extended beyond its lipid transport function. In the present review article, we analyzed the links existing between APOE genotypes and the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. APOE genotypes(APOE ε2, APOE ε3, and APOE ε4) were implicated in common mechanisms underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including sporadic Alzheimer's disease, synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. These shared pathways often involved neuroinflammation, abnormal protein accumulation, or responses to acute detrimental events. Across these conditions, APOE variants are believed to contribute to the modulation of inflammatory responses, the regulation of amyloid and tau pathology, as well as the clearance of proteins such as α-synuclein. The bidirectional interactions among Apo E, amyloid and mitochondrial metabolism, immunomodulatory effects, neuronal repair, and remodeling underscored the complexity of Apo E's role in neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with these conditions since from early phases of cognitive impairment such as mild cognitive impairment and mild behavioral impairment. Besides Apo E-specific isoforms' link to increased neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease(depression, psychosis, aberrant motor behaviors, and anxiety, not apathy), the APOE ε4 genotype was also considered a significant genetic risk factor for Lewy body disease and its worse cognitive outcomes. Conversely, the APOE ε2 variant has been observed not to exert a protective effect equally in all neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, in Lewy body disease, this variant may delay disease onset, paralleling its protective role in Alzheimer's disease, although its role in frontotemporal dementia is uncertain. The APOE ε4 genotype has been associated with adverse cognitive outcomes across other various neurodegenerative conditions. In Parkinson's disease, the APOE ε4 allele significantly impacted cognitive performance, increasing the risk of developing dementia, even in cases of pure synucleinopathies with minimal co-pathology from Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, in traumatic brain injury, recovery rates varied, with APOE ε4 carriers demonstrating a greater risk of poor long-term cognitive outcomes and elevated levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, APOE ε4 influenced the age of onset and severity of stroke, as well as the likelihood of developing stroke-associated dementia, potentially due to its role in compromising endothelial integrity and promoting blood–brain barrier dysfunction.展开更多
The literature on multi-attribute optimization for renewable energy source(RES)placement in deregulated power markets is extensive and diverse in methodology.This study focuses on the most relevant publications direct...The literature on multi-attribute optimization for renewable energy source(RES)placement in deregulated power markets is extensive and diverse in methodology.This study focuses on the most relevant publications directly addressing the research problem at hand.Similarly,while the body of work on optimal location and sizing of renewable energy generators(REGs)in balanced distribution systems is substantial,only the most pertinent sources are cited,aligning closely with the study’s objective function.A comprehensive literature review reveals several key research areas:RES integration,RES-related optimization techniques,strategic placement of wind and solar generation,and RES promotion in deregulated powermarkets,particularly within transmission systems.Furthermore,the optimal location and sizing of REGs in both balanced and unbalanced distribution systems have been extensively studied.RESs demonstrate significant potential for standalone applications in remote areas lacking conventional transmission and distribution infrastructure.Also presents a thorough review of current modeling and optimization approaches for RES-based distribution system location and sizing.Additionally,it examines the optimal positioning,sizing,and performance of hybrid and standalone renewable energy systems.This paper provides a comprehensive review of current modeling and optimization approaches for the location and sizing of Renewable Energy Sources(RESs)in distribution systems,focusing on both balanced and unbalanced networks.展开更多
Social learning is a mechanism used by many species to effciently gain information about their environment.Although many animals live in an environment where members of other species are present,little is known about ...Social learning is a mechanism used by many species to effciently gain information about their environment.Although many animals live in an environment where members of other species are present,little is known about interspecifc social learning.Domesticated and urbanized species provide the opportunity to investigate whether nonhuman animals can learn from heterospecifcs such as humans,who are integral parts of their social landscape.Although domestic dogs Canis familiaris have been intensively researched for their ability to learn from humans,most studies have focused on dogs living as pets.However,free-ranging dogs represent the majority of the world’s dog population,they live alongside humans,scavenge on human refuse,and are subject to natural and sexual selection.Thus,free-ranging dogs with extensive exposure to humans and their artifacts provide the opportunity to investigate interspecifc social learning in a naturalistic setting,where learning from humans might be a beneft for them.Here we tested individual free-ranging dogs in a between-subject design:Dogs in the control group could spontaneously choose between two novel and differently patterned food-delivering boxes.In the experimental group,instead,dogs could frst observe an unfamiliar human approaching and eating from 1 of the 2 boxes.We provide the frst evidence that free-ranging dogs match the choice of an unfamiliar human.These results show that at least simple forms of interspecifc social learning might be involved in dogs’success in living alongside humans in a complex urbanized environment.展开更多
The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chemical fuels via electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-b...The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chemical fuels via electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-based electrocatalyst was developed for use in gas-diffusion electrodes(GDE),and the effect of nitrogen(N)doping on the ECR activity of ZnO electrocatalysts was investigated.Initially,a ZnO nanosheet was prepared via the hydrothermal method,and nitridation was performed at different times to control the N-doping content.With an increase in the N-doping content,the morphological properties of the nanosheet changed significantly,namely,the 2D nanosheets transformed into irregularly shaped nanoparticles.Furthermore,the ECR performance of Zn O electrocatalysts with different N-doping content was assessed in 1.0 M KHCO_(3) electrolyte using a gas-diffusion electrode-based ECR cell.While the ECR activity increased after a small amount of N doping,it decreased for higher N doping content.Among them,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalysts showed the best CO selectivity,with a faradaic efficiency(FE_(CO))of 92.7%at-0.73 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was greater than that of an undoped Zn O electrocatalyst(FE_(CO)of 63.4%at-0.78 V_(RHE)).Also,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding durability for 16 h,with a partial current density of-92.1 mA cm^(-2).This improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst can be explained by density functional theory calculations,demonstrating that this improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst comes from(ⅰ)the optimized active sites lowering the free energy barrier for the rate-determining step(RDS),and(ⅱ)the modification of electronic structure enhancing the electron transfer rate by N doping.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)links various devices to digital services and significantly improves the quality of our lives.However,as IoT connectivity is growing rapidly,so do the risks of network vulnerabilities and th...The Internet of Things(IoT)links various devices to digital services and significantly improves the quality of our lives.However,as IoT connectivity is growing rapidly,so do the risks of network vulnerabilities and threats.Many interesting Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs)are presented based on machine learning(ML)techniques to overcome this problem.Given the resource limitations of fog computing environments,a lightweight IDS is essential.This paper introduces a hybrid deep learning(DL)method that combines convolutional neural networks(CNN)and long short-term memory(LSTM)to build an energy-aware,anomaly-based IDS.We test this system on a recent dataset,focusing on reducing overhead while maintaining high accuracy and a low false alarm rate.We compare CICIoT2023,KDD-99 and NSL-KDD datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed IDS model based on key metrics,including latency,energy consumption,false alarm rate and detection rate metrics.Our findings show an accuracy rate over 92%and a false alarm rate below 0.38%.These results demonstrate that our system provides strong security without excessive resource use.The practicality of deploying IDS with limited resources is demonstrated by the successful implementation of IDS functionality on a Raspberry Pi acting as a Fog node.The proposed lightweight model,with a maximum power consumption of 6.12 W,demonstrates its potential to operate effectively on energy-limited devices such as low-power fog nodes or edge devices.We prioritize energy efficiency whilemaintaining high accuracy,distinguishing our scheme fromexisting approaches.Extensive experiments demonstrate a significant reduction in false positives,ensuring accurate identification of genuine security threats while minimizing unnecessary alerts.展开更多
Recently,Internet of Drones(IoD)has garnered significant attention due to its widespread applications.However,deploying IoD for area coverage poses numerous limitations and challenges.These include interference betwee...Recently,Internet of Drones(IoD)has garnered significant attention due to its widespread applications.However,deploying IoD for area coverage poses numerous limitations and challenges.These include interference between neighboring drones,the need for directional antennas,and altitude restrictions for drones.These challenges necessitate the development of efficient solutions.This research paper presents a cooperative decision-making approach for an efficient IoDdeployment to address these challenges effectively.The primary objective of this study is to achieve an efficient IoDdeployment strategy thatmaximizes the coverage regionwhile minimizing interference between neighboring drones.In deployment problem,the interference increases as the number of deployed drones increases,resulting in bad quality of communication.On the other hand,deploying a few drones cannot satisfy the coverage demand.To accomplish this,an enhanced version of a concise population-based meta-heuristic algorithm,namely Improved Particle SwarmOptimization(IPSO),is applied.The objective function of IPSO is defined based on the coverage probability,which is primarily influenced by the characteristics of the antennas and drone altitude.A radio frequency(RF)model is derived to evaluate the coverage quality,considering both Line of Sight(LOS)and Non-Line of Sight(NLOS)down-link coverage probabilities for ground communication.It is assumed that each drone is equipped with a directional antenna to optimize coverage in a given region.Extensive simulations are conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves maximum coverage with minimum transmission power.Furthermore,a comparison is made against Collaborative Visual Area Coverage Approach(CVACA),and a game-based approach in terms of coverage quality and convergence speed.The simulation results reveal that our approach outperforms both CVACA and the gamebased schemes in terms of coverage and convergence speed.Comparisons validate the superiority of our approach over existing methods.To assess the robustness of the proposed RFmodel,we have considered two distinct ranges of noise:range1 spanning from−120 to−90 dBm,and range2 spanning from−90 to−70 dBmfor different numbers of UAVs.In summary,this research presents a cooperative decision-making approach for efficient IoD deployment to address the challenges associatedwith area coverage and achieves an optimal coveragewithminimal interference.展开更多
In this study,the effects of stacked nanosheets and the surrounding interphase zone on the resistance of the contact region between nanosheets and the tunneling conductivity of samples are evaluated with developed equ...In this study,the effects of stacked nanosheets and the surrounding interphase zone on the resistance of the contact region between nanosheets and the tunneling conductivity of samples are evaluated with developed equations superior to those previously reported.The contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are modeled by several influencing factors,including stack properties,interphase depth,tunneling size,and contact diameter.The developed model's accuracy is verified through numerous experimental measurements.To further validate the models and establish correlations between parameters,the effects of all the variables on contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are analyzed.Notably,the contact resistance is primarily dependent on the polymer tunnel resistivity,contact area,and tunneling size.The dimensions of the graphene nanosheets significantly influence the conductivity,which ranges from 0 S/m to90 S/m.An increased number of nanosheets in stacks and a larger gap between them enhance the nanocomposite's conductivity.Furthermore,the thicker interphase and smaller tunneling size can lead to higher sample conductivity due to their optimistic effects on the percolation threshold and network efficacy.展开更多
The recent pandemic crisis has highlighted the importance of the availability and management of health data to respond quickly and effectively to health emergencies, while respecting the fundamental rights of every in...The recent pandemic crisis has highlighted the importance of the availability and management of health data to respond quickly and effectively to health emergencies, while respecting the fundamental rights of every individual. In this context, it is essential to find a balance between the protection of privacy and the safeguarding of public health, using tools that guarantee transparency and consent to the processing of data by the population. This work, starting from a pilot investigation conducted in the Polyclinic of Bari as part of the Horizon Europe Seeds project entitled “Multidisciplinary analysis of technological tracing models of contagion: the protection of rights in the management of health data”, has the objective of promoting greater patient awareness regarding the processing of their health data and the protection of privacy. The methodology used the PHICAT (Personal Health Information Competence Assessment Tool) as a tool and, through the administration of a questionnaire, the aim was to evaluate the patients’ ability to express their consent to the release and processing of health data. The results that emerged were analyzed in relation to the 4 domains in which the process is divided which allows evaluating the patients’ ability to express a conscious choice and, also, in relation to the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients themselves. This study can contribute to understanding patients’ ability to give their consent and improve information regarding the management of health data by increasing confidence in granting the use of their data for research and clinical management.展开更多
Gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs) are a rather frequent finding,occurring in about 0.36%of routine upper GIendoscopies.Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) has emerged as a reliable investigative procedure for evaluation of ...Gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs) are a rather frequent finding,occurring in about 0.36%of routine upper GIendoscopies.Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) has emerged as a reliable investigative procedure for evaluation of these lesions.Diagnostic EUS has the ability to differentiate intramural tumors from extraluminal compressions and can also show the layer of origin of gastric SMTs.Tumors can be further characterized by their layer of origin,echo pattern and margin.EUS-risk criteria of their malignant potential are presented,although the emergence of EUS-FNA has opened new indications for transmural tissue diagnosis and expanded the possibilities of EUS in SMTs of the stomach.Tissue diagnosis should address whether the SMT is a Gastrointestinal stromal tumour(GIST) or another tumor type and evaluate the malignant potential of a given GIST.However,there seems to be a lack of data on the optimal strategy in SMTs suspected to be GISTs with a negative EUS-FNA tissue diagnosis.The current management strategies,as well as open questions regarding their treatment are also presented.展开更多
AIM: Endoscopic dilation of esophageal strictures is acommonly performed procedure in the management ofdysphagia. The procedure is usually done withfluoroscopic guidance. The aim of this study was toassess the use of ...AIM: Endoscopic dilation of esophageal strictures is acommonly performed procedure in the management ofdysphagia. The procedure is usually done withfluoroscopic guidance. The aim of this study was toassess the use of Tracer guide wire in conjunction withSavary-Gilliard dilators in the dilation of tightesophageal strictures without fluoroscopy.METHODS: Fifty-five patients with significant dysphagiafrom strictures due to a variety of causes were dilatedendoscopically. The procedure consisted of two parts.First, a guidewire was passed using endoscopic guidance,and then, dilation was performed without fiuoroscopy.Amodified Tracer wire was employed and was particularlyeffective in negotiating very tight esophageal strictures,in which the lumen is less than 6 mm. In general, the'Rule of Three' and '2-3 sessions in 10 days, maximumdilation up to 42 French' rules were followed. 40:1dilations in a total of 55 patients(malignant strictures 30,benign 25) in 177 sessions were carried out.RESULTS: The guide wire placement and Savary-Gilliarddilation were successfully performed without fluoroscopy,and improvement of dysphagia was achieved in allpatients. Esophageal plastic stent (out diameter 40French) was placed in five patients with malignantstricture-three of them with tracheo-esophageal fistula.CONCLUSION: Dilation using Tracer guide wire withoutfluoroscopy is safe and effective in treatment of evenvery tight esophageal strictures.展开更多
We report equilibrium sapphirine ＋ quartz assemblage in biotite-orthopyroxene-garnet granulites from a new locality in Panasapattu of Paderu region in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, which provide new evidence for ...We report equilibrium sapphirine ＋ quartz assemblage in biotite-orthopyroxene-garnet granulites from a new locality in Panasapattu of Paderu region in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, which provide new evidence for ultrahigh-temperature （UHT） metamorphism at 1030-1050 ℃ and 10 kbar in this region. The development of migmatitic texture, stabilization of the garnet-orthopyroxene- plagioclase-K-feldspar association, prograde biotite inclusions within garnet and sapphirine as well as sapphirine and cordierite inclusions within garnet in these granulites indicate that the observed peak assemblages probably formed during prograde dehydration melting of a Bt-Sill-Qtz assemblage, and constrain the prograde stage of the p--T path. The core domains of orthopyroxene porphyroblasts have up to w（Al203） 9.6%, which suggest that the temperatures reached up to 1150 ~C suggesting extreme crustal metamorphism. These conditions were also confirmed by the garnet-orthopyroxene thermobar- ometery, which yields a p--T range of 1012--960 ~C and 9.4 kbar. The p--T phase topologies computed using isochemical sections calculated in the model system Na20-CaO-K20--FeO-MgO-A1203-SiO2 --H2O （NCKFMASH） for metapelites, garnet-free sapphirine granulites and garnet-bearing sapphirine granulites match the melt-bearing assemblages observed in these rocks. Isochemical sections constructed in the NCKFMASH system for an average sub-aluminous metapelite bulk composition, and contoured for modal proportions of melt and garnet, as well as for the compositional isopleths of garnet, predict phase and reaction relations that are consistent with those observed in the rocks. Garnet and orthopyroxene contain Ti-rich phlogopite inclusions, suggesting formation by prograde melting reactions at the expense of phlogopite during ultrahigh-temperature conditions. These p--T results underestimate ＇peak＇ condi- tions, in part as a result of the modification of garnet compositions in the domains where some melt was retained. The post-peak evolution is constrained by a succession of melt-present reactions that occur at p 〈 10 kbar, inferred from micro-structural relations among various minerals. After high-temperature decompression from the metamorphic peak, the p--T path followed a near isobaric cooling stage to T 〈 900℃. The UHT rocks investigated in this study occur within a continental collision suture which witnessed prolonged subduction-accretion history prior to the final collision. We correlate the extreme metamorphism and the stabilization of UHT mineral assemblages to heat and volatile input from an upwelled asthenosphere during subduction--collision tectonics in a Proterozoic convergent plate margin.展开更多
Aim： To present a simple technique during penile prosthesis implantation that promotes the perception of increased phallic length. Methods： The penoscrotal web is defined. A ＂check mark＂ incision is made with exci...Aim： To present a simple technique during penile prosthesis implantation that promotes the perception of increased phallic length. Methods： The penoscrotal web is defined. A ＂check mark＂ incision is made with excision of scrotal tissue. Excellent exposure is provided for implantation of the cylinders, pump and reservoir. Wound closure is performed longitudinally. Results： This technique is a modified extension of surgeries described in the pediatric literature for webbed penis. Loss of penile length following penile implantation surgery is worrisome for patients suffering from erectile dysfunction （ED）. This technique helps with patient satisfaction, cosmetic results, and improves perception of penile length. Conclusion： Ventral phalloplasty is a safe, technically simple procedure that may be performed in concert with penile prosthesis implantation or as a stand alone procedure under＇certain circumstances.展开更多
Two bacterial stains were isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Leucobacter sp. and Alcaligenesfaecalis by 16S rDNA sequencing. Pure cultures of these two strains, representing well or poorly settled ba...Two bacterial stains were isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Leucobacter sp. and Alcaligenesfaecalis by 16S rDNA sequencing. Pure cultures of these two strains, representing well or poorly settled bacteria, were used to investigate the mechanism of bioflocculation in activated sludge. Based on the analyses of the characteristics of cells hydrophobicity, ζ-potential, flocculation ability and extracellular polymeric substance （EPS） composition under different growth stages, it was found that the ratio of cell EPS protein had the highly influence on ζ-potential and hydrophobicity, which were important factors to bioflocculation. Cellulase and Proteinase K could destroy the extracellular biopolymer and resulted in a decrease in the hydrophobicity and ζ-potential. However, in our study, the flocculation characteristics exhibited differently in relation to cellulase and Proteinase K. Flocculation of cells treated with cellulase and Proteinase K decreased sharply, and then recovered quickly in cellulase treatment, while cells treated with Proteinase K showed no sign of recovery. This reveals that the presence of protein in extracellular biopolymer plays an important role to the bioflocculation of cells.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Peroral cholangioscopy facilitates diagnosis and therapy of biliary disorders. This study prospectively evaluated a new short access cholangioscopy. METHODS： Consecutive patients were included as follows...BACKGROUND： Peroral cholangioscopy facilitates diagnosis and therapy of biliary disorders. This study prospectively evaluated a new short access cholangioscopy. METHODS： Consecutive patients were included as follows： difficult stones （group 1） underwent cholangioscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy and indeterminate biliary strictures （group 2） were evaluated with macroscopic assessment and cholangioscopy guided biopsy sampling. We evaluated the complete stone clearance rate （group 1） and diagnostic accu- racy （group 2）. Follow-up was performed over a median of 13 and I6 months, respectively. RESULTS： Group 1 （n=21）： complete stone clearance defined as lack of stones in cholangiography and stone removal dur- ing cholangioscopy was achieved in 15 （71.4%） patients. Clini- cal stone clearance defined as lack of symptoms, laboratory abnormalities and hospital visits during follow-up, irrespec- tive of stone clearance was evident in 17 （81.0%） patients. One serious adverse event occurred （bile duct perforation）. Group 2 （n=28）： malignancy was confirmed in 15 patients. Sensitiv- ity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of cholangioscopy were 85.7%, 75.0% and 80.7%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of biopsies were 54.5%, 100.0% and 72.2%, respectively. No serious adverse events occurred, and one patient was lost to follow-up.CONCLUSIONS： The novel system enabled complex stone treatment and biliary stricture diagnosis. Cholangioscopy outperformed direct biopsy regarding characterization of in- determinate strictures.展开更多
AIM To compare the aspiration needle(AN) and core biopsy needle(PC) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) of abdominal masses.METHODS Consecutive patients referred for EUS-FNA were included i...AIM To compare the aspiration needle(AN) and core biopsy needle(PC) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) of abdominal masses.METHODS Consecutive patients referred for EUS-FNA were included in this prospective single-center trial. Each patient underwent a puncture of the lesion with both standard 22-gauge(G) AN(Echo Tip Ultra; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, United States) and the novel 22 G PC(Echo Tip Pro Core; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, United States) in a randomized fashion; histology was attempted in the PC group only. The main study endpoint was the overall diagnostic accuracy, including the contribution of histology to the final diagnosis. Secondary outcome measures included material adequacy, number of needle passes, and complications.RESULTS Fifty six consecutive patients(29 men; mean age 68 years) with pancreatic lesions(n = 38), lymphadenopathy(n = 13), submucosal tumors(n = 4), or others lesions(n = 1) underwent EUS-FNA using both of the needles in a randomized order. AN and PC reached similar overall results for diagnostic accuracy(AN: 88.9 vs PC: 96.1, P = 0.25), specimen adequacy(AN: 96.4% vs PC: 91.1%, P = 0.38), mean number of passes(AN: 1.5 vs PC: 1.7, P = 0.14), mean cellularity score(AN: 1.7 vs PC: 1.1, P = 0.058), and complications(none). A diagnosis on the basis of histology was achieved in the PC group in 36(64.3%) patients, and in 2 of those as the sole modality. In patients with available histology the mean cellularity score was higher for AN(AN: 1.7 vs PC: 1.0, P = 0.034); no other differences were of statistical significance.CONCLUSION Both needles achieved high overall diagnostic yields and similar performance characteristics for cytological diagnosis; histological analysis was only possible in 2/3 of cases with the new needle.展开更多
基金supported by the DGIST start-up funds from the Ministry of Science and ICT(2024010330)a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00351442)(to TWK).
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The progressive degeneration of dopamine(DA)producing neurons in the midbrain is the pathological hallmark,which leads to debilitating motor symptoms,including tremors,rigidity,and bradykinesia.Drug treatments,such as levodopa,provide symptomatic relief.However,they do not halt disease progression,and their effectiveness diminishes over time(reviewed in Poewe et al.,2017).
文摘Recurrent aphthous stomatitis(RAS)is a very frequent condition in developed countries whose basic symptom is a lesion referred to as an aphthous ulcer.High levels of interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6 and low salivary levels of IL-10 are the basis of RAS pathogenesis.Sublingual supplements based on IL-10 can be very useful in reducing the phenomenon of aphthous recurrence in patients with RAS.An observational clinical experience with a group of 5 patients with RAS receiving a commercially available IL-10-based supplement was reported by the authors.The findings revealed a subsequent reduction in the incidence of mouth ulcers.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:U23A20516,82273897,and 82141203)the Organizational Key Research and Development Program of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No.:2023YZZ02)+3 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Commission's Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project,China(Grant No.:2022CX005)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plans of the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China(Grant No.:21S21900600)the Three-year Action Plan of the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Development and Inheritance Program,China(Program No.:ZY(2021-2023)-0401)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Province Education Department,China(Project No.:LJKZ0832).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and recurrent intestinal disease,and has become a major global health issue.Individuals with IBD face an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer(CRC),and recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both IBD and CRC.This review covers the pathogenesis of IBD and CRC,focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction,and explores pharmacological targets and strategies for addressing both conditions by modulating mitochondrial function.Additionally,recent advancements in the pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction for treating IBD and CRC,encompassing mitochondrial damage,release of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA),and impairment of mitophagy,are thoroughly summarized.The review also provides a systematic overview of natural compounds(such as flavonoids,alkaloids,and diterpenoids),Chinese medicines,and intestinal microbiota,which can alleviate IBD and attenuate the progression of CRC by modulating mitochondrial function.In the future,it will be imperative to develop more practical methodologies for real-time monitoring and accurate detection of mitochondrial function,which will greatly aid scientists in identifying more effective agents for treating IBD and CRC through modulation of mitochondrial function.
基金supported by the following two grants:(i)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI Grant Number JP22H01581(i)National Research Counsil(NRC)of Sri Lanka Investigator Driven Grant Number 22-041.
文摘Concrete pavement often experiences accelerated deterioration due to water and chemical ingress through micro-cracks and surface voids.Particularly,the ingress of aggressive agents into the concrete matrix results in irreversible changes and deterioration on its endurance.Numerous studies unveiled that hydrophobic surface protection could be an inexpensive and effective way of enhancing the durability of concrete.This research work aims to assess the feasibility of bio-cement posttreatment for facilitating hydrophobic surface protection,thus enhancing the performance and durability of concrete blocks.Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)is one of the promising bio-cement methods.Concrete blocks casted in four different grades were subjected to EICP treatment with different treatment schemes and recipes of cementation media.The treated blocks were tested for water absorption,ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV)measurements,unconfined compressive strength(UCS),thermal performance,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicated that the concrete blocks subjected to EICP posttreatment showed over a 55%reduction in water absorption,a 15%higher UCS and a 6.7%higher UPV when compared with control blocks.The SEM analysis suggested that the EICP posttreatment could enhance the durability of concrete paving blocks by enabling a layer of calcite on the surface and by plugging the transport pore channels of the concrete.Although most of the posttreatment strategies investigated herein were found to be operative,a better response was seen in the posttreatment by spraying scheme with 0.5 mol/L cementation media(CM).With the successful demonstration,the EICP treatment prior to the use of concrete blocks can be recommended to the pavement construction industry.
文摘Enhancing the efficiency of Rankine cycles is crucial for improving the performance of thermal power plants,as it directly impacts operational costs and emissions in light of energy transition goals.This study sets itself apart from existing research by applying a novel optimization technique to a basic ideal Rankine cycle,focusing on a specific power plant that has not been previously analyzed.Currently,this cycle operates at 41%efficiency and a steam quality of 76%,constrained by fixed operational parameters.The primary objectives are to increase thermal efficiency beyond 46%and raise steam quality above 85%,while adhering to operational limits:a boiler pressure not exceeding 15 MPa,condenser pressure not dropping below 10 kPa,and turbine temperature not surpassing 500℃.This study utilizes numerical simulations to model the effects of varying boiler pressure(Pb)and condenser pressure(Pc)within the ranges of 12MPa<Pb<15 MPa and 5 kPa<Pc<10 kPa.By systematically adjusting these parameters,the proposed aimto identify optimal conditions that maximize efficiency and performance within specified constraints.The findings will provide valuable insights for power plant operators seeking to optimize performance under real-world conditions,contributing to more efficient and sustainable power generation.
文摘Complex genetic relationships between neurodegenerative disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms have been shown, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms and emphasizing the potential for developing common therapeutic targets. Apolipoprotein E(APOE) genotypes and their corresponding protein(Apo E) isoforms may influence the biophysical properties of the cell membrane lipid bilayer. However, the role of APOE in central nervous system pathophysiology extended beyond its lipid transport function. In the present review article, we analyzed the links existing between APOE genotypes and the neurobiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. APOE genotypes(APOE ε2, APOE ε3, and APOE ε4) were implicated in common mechanisms underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including sporadic Alzheimer's disease, synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. These shared pathways often involved neuroinflammation, abnormal protein accumulation, or responses to acute detrimental events. Across these conditions, APOE variants are believed to contribute to the modulation of inflammatory responses, the regulation of amyloid and tau pathology, as well as the clearance of proteins such as α-synuclein. The bidirectional interactions among Apo E, amyloid and mitochondrial metabolism, immunomodulatory effects, neuronal repair, and remodeling underscored the complexity of Apo E's role in neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with these conditions since from early phases of cognitive impairment such as mild cognitive impairment and mild behavioral impairment. Besides Apo E-specific isoforms' link to increased neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease(depression, psychosis, aberrant motor behaviors, and anxiety, not apathy), the APOE ε4 genotype was also considered a significant genetic risk factor for Lewy body disease and its worse cognitive outcomes. Conversely, the APOE ε2 variant has been observed not to exert a protective effect equally in all neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, in Lewy body disease, this variant may delay disease onset, paralleling its protective role in Alzheimer's disease, although its role in frontotemporal dementia is uncertain. The APOE ε4 genotype has been associated with adverse cognitive outcomes across other various neurodegenerative conditions. In Parkinson's disease, the APOE ε4 allele significantly impacted cognitive performance, increasing the risk of developing dementia, even in cases of pure synucleinopathies with minimal co-pathology from Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, in traumatic brain injury, recovery rates varied, with APOE ε4 carriers demonstrating a greater risk of poor long-term cognitive outcomes and elevated levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, APOE ε4 influenced the age of onset and severity of stroke, as well as the likelihood of developing stroke-associated dementia, potentially due to its role in compromising endothelial integrity and promoting blood–brain barrier dysfunction.
文摘The literature on multi-attribute optimization for renewable energy source(RES)placement in deregulated power markets is extensive and diverse in methodology.This study focuses on the most relevant publications directly addressing the research problem at hand.Similarly,while the body of work on optimal location and sizing of renewable energy generators(REGs)in balanced distribution systems is substantial,only the most pertinent sources are cited,aligning closely with the study’s objective function.A comprehensive literature review reveals several key research areas:RES integration,RES-related optimization techniques,strategic placement of wind and solar generation,and RES promotion in deregulated powermarkets,particularly within transmission systems.Furthermore,the optimal location and sizing of REGs in both balanced and unbalanced distribution systems have been extensively studied.RESs demonstrate significant potential for standalone applications in remote areas lacking conventional transmission and distribution infrastructure.Also presents a thorough review of current modeling and optimization approaches for RES-based distribution system location and sizing.Additionally,it examines the optimal positioning,sizing,and performance of hybrid and standalone renewable energy systems.This paper provides a comprehensive review of current modeling and optimization approaches for the location and sizing of Renewable Energy Sources(RESs)in distribution systems,focusing on both balanced and unbalanced networks.
文摘Social learning is a mechanism used by many species to effciently gain information about their environment.Although many animals live in an environment where members of other species are present,little is known about interspecifc social learning.Domesticated and urbanized species provide the opportunity to investigate whether nonhuman animals can learn from heterospecifcs such as humans,who are integral parts of their social landscape.Although domestic dogs Canis familiaris have been intensively researched for their ability to learn from humans,most studies have focused on dogs living as pets.However,free-ranging dogs represent the majority of the world’s dog population,they live alongside humans,scavenge on human refuse,and are subject to natural and sexual selection.Thus,free-ranging dogs with extensive exposure to humans and their artifacts provide the opportunity to investigate interspecifc social learning in a naturalistic setting,where learning from humans might be a beneft for them.Here we tested individual free-ranging dogs in a between-subject design:Dogs in the control group could spontaneously choose between two novel and differently patterned food-delivering boxes.In the experimental group,instead,dogs could frst observe an unfamiliar human approaching and eating from 1 of the 2 boxes.We provide the frst evidence that free-ranging dogs match the choice of an unfamiliar human.These results show that at least simple forms of interspecifc social learning might be involved in dogs’success in living alongside humans in a complex urbanized environment.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (Grant Nos.2018R1A6A1A03024334,2019R1A2C1007637,2021M3I3A1082880,2021R1I1A1A01044174)the Basic Science Research Capacity Enhancement Project through Korea Basic Science Institute (Grant No.2019R1A6C1010024)。
文摘The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chemical fuels via electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(ECR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-based electrocatalyst was developed for use in gas-diffusion electrodes(GDE),and the effect of nitrogen(N)doping on the ECR activity of ZnO electrocatalysts was investigated.Initially,a ZnO nanosheet was prepared via the hydrothermal method,and nitridation was performed at different times to control the N-doping content.With an increase in the N-doping content,the morphological properties of the nanosheet changed significantly,namely,the 2D nanosheets transformed into irregularly shaped nanoparticles.Furthermore,the ECR performance of Zn O electrocatalysts with different N-doping content was assessed in 1.0 M KHCO_(3) electrolyte using a gas-diffusion electrode-based ECR cell.While the ECR activity increased after a small amount of N doping,it decreased for higher N doping content.Among them,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalysts showed the best CO selectivity,with a faradaic efficiency(FE_(CO))of 92.7%at-0.73 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was greater than that of an undoped Zn O electrocatalyst(FE_(CO)of 63.4%at-0.78 V_(RHE)).Also,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding durability for 16 h,with a partial current density of-92.1 mA cm^(-2).This improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst can be explained by density functional theory calculations,demonstrating that this improvement of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst comes from(ⅰ)the optimized active sites lowering the free energy barrier for the rate-determining step(RDS),and(ⅱ)the modification of electronic structure enhancing the electron transfer rate by N doping.
基金supported by the interdisciplinary center of smart mobility and logistics at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals(Grant number INML2400).
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)links various devices to digital services and significantly improves the quality of our lives.However,as IoT connectivity is growing rapidly,so do the risks of network vulnerabilities and threats.Many interesting Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs)are presented based on machine learning(ML)techniques to overcome this problem.Given the resource limitations of fog computing environments,a lightweight IDS is essential.This paper introduces a hybrid deep learning(DL)method that combines convolutional neural networks(CNN)and long short-term memory(LSTM)to build an energy-aware,anomaly-based IDS.We test this system on a recent dataset,focusing on reducing overhead while maintaining high accuracy and a low false alarm rate.We compare CICIoT2023,KDD-99 and NSL-KDD datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed IDS model based on key metrics,including latency,energy consumption,false alarm rate and detection rate metrics.Our findings show an accuracy rate over 92%and a false alarm rate below 0.38%.These results demonstrate that our system provides strong security without excessive resource use.The practicality of deploying IDS with limited resources is demonstrated by the successful implementation of IDS functionality on a Raspberry Pi acting as a Fog node.The proposed lightweight model,with a maximum power consumption of 6.12 W,demonstrates its potential to operate effectively on energy-limited devices such as low-power fog nodes or edge devices.We prioritize energy efficiency whilemaintaining high accuracy,distinguishing our scheme fromexisting approaches.Extensive experiments demonstrate a significant reduction in false positives,ensuring accurate identification of genuine security threats while minimizing unnecessary alerts.
基金funded by Project Number INML2104 under the Interdisciplinary Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.This study also was supported by the Special Research Fund BOF23KV17.
文摘Recently,Internet of Drones(IoD)has garnered significant attention due to its widespread applications.However,deploying IoD for area coverage poses numerous limitations and challenges.These include interference between neighboring drones,the need for directional antennas,and altitude restrictions for drones.These challenges necessitate the development of efficient solutions.This research paper presents a cooperative decision-making approach for an efficient IoDdeployment to address these challenges effectively.The primary objective of this study is to achieve an efficient IoDdeployment strategy thatmaximizes the coverage regionwhile minimizing interference between neighboring drones.In deployment problem,the interference increases as the number of deployed drones increases,resulting in bad quality of communication.On the other hand,deploying a few drones cannot satisfy the coverage demand.To accomplish this,an enhanced version of a concise population-based meta-heuristic algorithm,namely Improved Particle SwarmOptimization(IPSO),is applied.The objective function of IPSO is defined based on the coverage probability,which is primarily influenced by the characteristics of the antennas and drone altitude.A radio frequency(RF)model is derived to evaluate the coverage quality,considering both Line of Sight(LOS)and Non-Line of Sight(NLOS)down-link coverage probabilities for ground communication.It is assumed that each drone is equipped with a directional antenna to optimize coverage in a given region.Extensive simulations are conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves maximum coverage with minimum transmission power.Furthermore,a comparison is made against Collaborative Visual Area Coverage Approach(CVACA),and a game-based approach in terms of coverage quality and convergence speed.The simulation results reveal that our approach outperforms both CVACA and the gamebased schemes in terms of coverage and convergence speed.Comparisons validate the superiority of our approach over existing methods.To assess the robustness of the proposed RFmodel,we have considered two distinct ranges of noise:range1 spanning from−120 to−90 dBm,and range2 spanning from−90 to−70 dBmfor different numbers of UAVs.In summary,this research presents a cooperative decision-making approach for efficient IoD deployment to address the challenges associatedwith area coverage and achieves an optimal coveragewithminimal interference.
基金the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,Science,and Technology(No.2022R1A2C1004437)the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)of Korea Government(No.2022M3J7A1062940)。
文摘In this study,the effects of stacked nanosheets and the surrounding interphase zone on the resistance of the contact region between nanosheets and the tunneling conductivity of samples are evaluated with developed equations superior to those previously reported.The contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are modeled by several influencing factors,including stack properties,interphase depth,tunneling size,and contact diameter.The developed model's accuracy is verified through numerous experimental measurements.To further validate the models and establish correlations between parameters,the effects of all the variables on contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are analyzed.Notably,the contact resistance is primarily dependent on the polymer tunnel resistivity,contact area,and tunneling size.The dimensions of the graphene nanosheets significantly influence the conductivity,which ranges from 0 S/m to90 S/m.An increased number of nanosheets in stacks and a larger gap between them enhance the nanocomposite's conductivity.Furthermore,the thicker interphase and smaller tunneling size can lead to higher sample conductivity due to their optimistic effects on the percolation threshold and network efficacy.
文摘The recent pandemic crisis has highlighted the importance of the availability and management of health data to respond quickly and effectively to health emergencies, while respecting the fundamental rights of every individual. In this context, it is essential to find a balance between the protection of privacy and the safeguarding of public health, using tools that guarantee transparency and consent to the processing of data by the population. This work, starting from a pilot investigation conducted in the Polyclinic of Bari as part of the Horizon Europe Seeds project entitled “Multidisciplinary analysis of technological tracing models of contagion: the protection of rights in the management of health data”, has the objective of promoting greater patient awareness regarding the processing of their health data and the protection of privacy. The methodology used the PHICAT (Personal Health Information Competence Assessment Tool) as a tool and, through the administration of a questionnaire, the aim was to evaluate the patients’ ability to express their consent to the release and processing of health data. The results that emerged were analyzed in relation to the 4 domains in which the process is divided which allows evaluating the patients’ ability to express a conscious choice and, also, in relation to the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients themselves. This study can contribute to understanding patients’ ability to give their consent and improve information regarding the management of health data by increasing confidence in granting the use of their data for research and clinical management.
文摘Gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs) are a rather frequent finding,occurring in about 0.36%of routine upper GIendoscopies.Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) has emerged as a reliable investigative procedure for evaluation of these lesions.Diagnostic EUS has the ability to differentiate intramural tumors from extraluminal compressions and can also show the layer of origin of gastric SMTs.Tumors can be further characterized by their layer of origin,echo pattern and margin.EUS-risk criteria of their malignant potential are presented,although the emergence of EUS-FNA has opened new indications for transmural tissue diagnosis and expanded the possibilities of EUS in SMTs of the stomach.Tissue diagnosis should address whether the SMT is a Gastrointestinal stromal tumour(GIST) or another tumor type and evaluate the malignant potential of a given GIST.However,there seems to be a lack of data on the optimal strategy in SMTs suspected to be GISTs with a negative EUS-FNA tissue diagnosis.The current management strategies,as well as open questions regarding their treatment are also presented.
文摘AIM: Endoscopic dilation of esophageal strictures is acommonly performed procedure in the management ofdysphagia. The procedure is usually done withfluoroscopic guidance. The aim of this study was toassess the use of Tracer guide wire in conjunction withSavary-Gilliard dilators in the dilation of tightesophageal strictures without fluoroscopy.METHODS: Fifty-five patients with significant dysphagiafrom strictures due to a variety of causes were dilatedendoscopically. The procedure consisted of two parts.First, a guidewire was passed using endoscopic guidance,and then, dilation was performed without fiuoroscopy.Amodified Tracer wire was employed and was particularlyeffective in negotiating very tight esophageal strictures,in which the lumen is less than 6 mm. In general, the'Rule of Three' and '2-3 sessions in 10 days, maximumdilation up to 42 French' rules were followed. 40:1dilations in a total of 55 patients(malignant strictures 30,benign 25) in 177 sessions were carried out.RESULTS: The guide wire placement and Savary-Gilliarddilation were successfully performed without fluoroscopy,and improvement of dysphagia was achieved in allpatients. Esophageal plastic stent (out diameter 40French) was placed in five patients with malignantstricture-three of them with tracheo-esophageal fistula.CONCLUSION: Dilation using Tracer guide wire withoutfluoroscopy is safe and effective in treatment of evenvery tight esophageal strictures.
文摘We report equilibrium sapphirine ＋ quartz assemblage in biotite-orthopyroxene-garnet granulites from a new locality in Panasapattu of Paderu region in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, which provide new evidence for ultrahigh-temperature （UHT） metamorphism at 1030-1050 ℃ and 10 kbar in this region. The development of migmatitic texture, stabilization of the garnet-orthopyroxene- plagioclase-K-feldspar association, prograde biotite inclusions within garnet and sapphirine as well as sapphirine and cordierite inclusions within garnet in these granulites indicate that the observed peak assemblages probably formed during prograde dehydration melting of a Bt-Sill-Qtz assemblage, and constrain the prograde stage of the p--T path. The core domains of orthopyroxene porphyroblasts have up to w（Al203） 9.6%, which suggest that the temperatures reached up to 1150 ~C suggesting extreme crustal metamorphism. These conditions were also confirmed by the garnet-orthopyroxene thermobar- ometery, which yields a p--T range of 1012--960 ~C and 9.4 kbar. The p--T phase topologies computed using isochemical sections calculated in the model system Na20-CaO-K20--FeO-MgO-A1203-SiO2 --H2O （NCKFMASH） for metapelites, garnet-free sapphirine granulites and garnet-bearing sapphirine granulites match the melt-bearing assemblages observed in these rocks. Isochemical sections constructed in the NCKFMASH system for an average sub-aluminous metapelite bulk composition, and contoured for modal proportions of melt and garnet, as well as for the compositional isopleths of garnet, predict phase and reaction relations that are consistent with those observed in the rocks. Garnet and orthopyroxene contain Ti-rich phlogopite inclusions, suggesting formation by prograde melting reactions at the expense of phlogopite during ultrahigh-temperature conditions. These p--T results underestimate ＇peak＇ condi- tions, in part as a result of the modification of garnet compositions in the domains where some melt was retained. The post-peak evolution is constrained by a succession of melt-present reactions that occur at p 〈 10 kbar, inferred from micro-structural relations among various minerals. After high-temperature decompression from the metamorphic peak, the p--T path followed a near isobaric cooling stage to T 〈 900℃. The UHT rocks investigated in this study occur within a continental collision suture which witnessed prolonged subduction-accretion history prior to the final collision. We correlate the extreme metamorphism and the stabilization of UHT mineral assemblages to heat and volatile input from an upwelled asthenosphere during subduction--collision tectonics in a Proterozoic convergent plate margin.
文摘Aim： To present a simple technique during penile prosthesis implantation that promotes the perception of increased phallic length. Methods： The penoscrotal web is defined. A ＂check mark＂ incision is made with excision of scrotal tissue. Excellent exposure is provided for implantation of the cylinders, pump and reservoir. Wound closure is performed longitudinally. Results： This technique is a modified extension of surgeries described in the pediatric literature for webbed penis. Loss of penile length following penile implantation surgery is worrisome for patients suffering from erectile dysfunction （ED）. This technique helps with patient satisfaction, cosmetic results, and improves perception of penile length. Conclusion： Ventral phalloplasty is a safe, technically simple procedure that may be performed in concert with penile prosthesis implantation or as a stand alone procedure under＇certain circumstances.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20977031)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No. 09zr1409000)+2 种基金the Research Initiatives of the University of Hong Kong(2006)the Royal Society of New Zealand(ISAT B09-33)Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences,Auckland University of Technology
文摘Two bacterial stains were isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Leucobacter sp. and Alcaligenesfaecalis by 16S rDNA sequencing. Pure cultures of these two strains, representing well or poorly settled bacteria, were used to investigate the mechanism of bioflocculation in activated sludge. Based on the analyses of the characteristics of cells hydrophobicity, ζ-potential, flocculation ability and extracellular polymeric substance （EPS） composition under different growth stages, it was found that the ratio of cell EPS protein had the highly influence on ζ-potential and hydrophobicity, which were important factors to bioflocculation. Cellulase and Proteinase K could destroy the extracellular biopolymer and resulted in a decrease in the hydrophobicity and ζ-potential. However, in our study, the flocculation characteristics exhibited differently in relation to cellulase and Proteinase K. Flocculation of cells treated with cellulase and Proteinase K decreased sharply, and then recovered quickly in cellulase treatment, while cells treated with Proteinase K showed no sign of recovery. This reveals that the presence of protein in extracellular biopolymer plays an important role to the bioflocculation of cells.
基金supported by a grant from Karl Storz GmbH,Tuttlingen,Germany
文摘BACKGROUND： Peroral cholangioscopy facilitates diagnosis and therapy of biliary disorders. This study prospectively evaluated a new short access cholangioscopy. METHODS： Consecutive patients were included as follows： difficult stones （group 1） underwent cholangioscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy and indeterminate biliary strictures （group 2） were evaluated with macroscopic assessment and cholangioscopy guided biopsy sampling. We evaluated the complete stone clearance rate （group 1） and diagnostic accu- racy （group 2）. Follow-up was performed over a median of 13 and I6 months, respectively. RESULTS： Group 1 （n=21）： complete stone clearance defined as lack of stones in cholangiography and stone removal dur- ing cholangioscopy was achieved in 15 （71.4%） patients. Clini- cal stone clearance defined as lack of symptoms, laboratory abnormalities and hospital visits during follow-up, irrespec- tive of stone clearance was evident in 17 （81.0%） patients. One serious adverse event occurred （bile duct perforation）. Group 2 （n=28）： malignancy was confirmed in 15 patients. Sensitiv- ity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of cholangioscopy were 85.7%, 75.0% and 80.7%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of biopsies were 54.5%, 100.0% and 72.2%, respectively. No serious adverse events occurred, and one patient was lost to follow-up.CONCLUSIONS： The novel system enabled complex stone treatment and biliary stricture diagnosis. Cholangioscopy outperformed direct biopsy regarding characterization of in- determinate strictures.
文摘AIM To compare the aspiration needle(AN) and core biopsy needle(PC) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) of abdominal masses.METHODS Consecutive patients referred for EUS-FNA were included in this prospective single-center trial. Each patient underwent a puncture of the lesion with both standard 22-gauge(G) AN(Echo Tip Ultra; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, United States) and the novel 22 G PC(Echo Tip Pro Core; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, United States) in a randomized fashion; histology was attempted in the PC group only. The main study endpoint was the overall diagnostic accuracy, including the contribution of histology to the final diagnosis. Secondary outcome measures included material adequacy, number of needle passes, and complications.RESULTS Fifty six consecutive patients(29 men; mean age 68 years) with pancreatic lesions(n = 38), lymphadenopathy(n = 13), submucosal tumors(n = 4), or others lesions(n = 1) underwent EUS-FNA using both of the needles in a randomized order. AN and PC reached similar overall results for diagnostic accuracy(AN: 88.9 vs PC: 96.1, P = 0.25), specimen adequacy(AN: 96.4% vs PC: 91.1%, P = 0.38), mean number of passes(AN: 1.5 vs PC: 1.7, P = 0.14), mean cellularity score(AN: 1.7 vs PC: 1.1, P = 0.058), and complications(none). A diagnosis on the basis of histology was achieved in the PC group in 36(64.3%) patients, and in 2 of those as the sole modality. In patients with available histology the mean cellularity score was higher for AN(AN: 1.7 vs PC: 1.0, P = 0.034); no other differences were of statistical significance.CONCLUSION Both needles achieved high overall diagnostic yields and similar performance characteristics for cytological diagnosis; histological analysis was only possible in 2/3 of cases with the new needle.
