Background:Oral cancer remains a significant global health challenge,as it has high morbidity and mortality rates.Current treatments show limited efficacy and have severe side effects,prompting searches for new therap...Background:Oral cancer remains a significant global health challenge,as it has high morbidity and mortality rates.Current treatments show limited efficacy and have severe side effects,prompting searches for new therapeutic agents.SH003,a traditional herbal formulation comprising Astragalus membranaceus,Angelica gigas,and Trichosanthes kirilowii,has demonstrated potential anticancer properties in previous studies.However,its specific efficacy against oral cancer and the role of its key components,particularly Cucurbitacin D,remain underexplored.Methods:The cytotoxic effects of SH003 and its major components—i.e.,Cucurbitacin D,Decursin,Formononetin,and Nodakenin—were evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide(MTT),Trypan Blue exclusion,and Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH)release assays.Cell migration was analyzed via wound healing assays,and apoptosis induction was assessed using cell cycle analysis and caspase activation assays.Epithelial-tomesenchymal transition(EMT)marker expression(E-cadherin and N-cadherin)was measured using Western blotting and Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR).Results:SH003 significantly reduced cell viability in a dosedependent manner,with YD-8 and YD-9 cells showing greater sensitivity than YD-38 cells.Of the individual compounds,Cucurbitacin D was identified as a key active agent,as it exhibited potent inhibition of cell migration and significant modulation of EMT markers,including the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin.These effects were most pronounced in YD-9 cells.Conclusions:Taken together,these findings suggest that Cucurbitacin D plays a crucial role mediating the anticancer activity of SH003,particularly via the reversal of EMT and the reduction of migratory and invasive potential of oral cancer cells.This study provides valuable insight into the mechanistic basis of SH003,highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent against oral cancer.Further research,including in vivo studies and clinical trials,is needed to elucidate its precise mechanisms and potential applications against other cancer types.展开更多
Objectives: Identification of the level of knowledge on ergonomics principles, and application of these by dentistry students to investigate whether painful symptomatology was experienced. An-other objective is the ex...Objectives: Identification of the level of knowledge on ergonomics principles, and application of these by dentistry students to investigate whether painful symptomatology was experienced. An-other objective is the expansion of discussions on occupational health in academic settings. Study Design and Settings: Dentistry students of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (n = 148) were surveyed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to determine the severity of musculoskeletal symptoms experienced. Data were analyzed through EpiInfo 7.0 to measure central trends and variability 5for quantitative variables, absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables, and significance between groups (confidence intervals and chisquare). Association analysis (Pearson) was also carried out. Results: Ergonomic measures were not reported by students. Within the musculoskeletal symptoms described, females were the most affected, independent of academic level. Conclusions: Positive correlations were verified between all categories and all anatomic regions (e.g., neck, lower back, wrists, hands, and shoulders). Data suggest progressive worsening of symptoms, which will eventually result in leaves of absence.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Cariostat caries activity test(CAT)was used to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized oral hygiene management combining oral health education and professional mechanical tooth cleaning on the oral h...BACKGROUND The Cariostat caries activity test(CAT)was used to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized oral hygiene management combining oral health education and professional mechanical tooth cleaning on the oral health status of pregnant women.AIM To investigate whether personalized oral hygiene management enhances the oral health status of pregnant women.METHODS A total of 114 pregnant women who were examined at Dalian Women’s and Children’s Medical Center were divided into four groups:High-risk experimental group(n=29;CAT score≥2;received personalized oral hygiene management training),low-risk experimental group(n=29;CAT score≤1;received oral health education),high-risk control group(n=28;CAT score≥2),and low-risk control group(n=28;CAT score≤1).No hygiene intervention was provided to control groups.CAT scores at different times were compared using independent samples t-test and least significant difference t-test.RESULTS No significant difference in baseline CAT scores was observed between the experimental and control groups,either in the high-risk or low-risk groups.CAT scores were reduced significantly after 3(1.74±0.47 vs 2.50±0.38,P<0.0001)and 6 months(0.53±0.50 vs 2.45±0.42,P<0.0001)of personalized oral hygiene management intervention but not after oral health education alone(0.43±0.39 vs 0.46±0.33,P>0.05 and 0.45±0.36 vs 0.57±0.32,P>0.05,respectively).Within groups,the decrease in CAT scores was significant(2.43±0.44 vs 1.74±0.47 vs 0.53±0.50,P<0.0001)for only the high-risk experimental group.CONCLUSION Personalized oral hygiene management is effective in improving the oral health of pregnant women and can improve pregnancy outcomes and the oral health of the general population.展开更多
Wnt signaling are critical pathway involved in organ development, tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. WNT7A, a member of the Wnt family, remains poorly understood in terms of its role and the underlying molecular m...Wnt signaling are critical pathway involved in organ development, tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. WNT7A, a member of the Wnt family, remains poorly understood in terms of its role and the underlying molecular mechanisms it entails in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), transcriptome sequencing data of HNSCC, the expression level of WNT7A in tumors was found to be higher than in adjacent normal tissues, which was validated using Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Unexpectedly, overexpression of WNT7A did not activate the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway in HNSCC. Instead, our findings suggested that WNT7A potentially activated the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to enhanced cell proliferation, self-renewal, and resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model, high expression of WNT7A and phosphorylated STAT3 was observed, which positively correlated with tumor progression.These findings underscore the significance of WNT7A in HNSCC progression and propose the targeting of key molecules within the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 pathway as a promising strategy for precise treatment of HNSCC.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world.Although environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of CRC,extensive research has suggested that vitamin D ma...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world.Although environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of CRC,extensive research has suggested that vitamin D may play a pivotal role in the development of CRC.Vitamin D,primarily obtained through sunlight exposure,dietary sources,and supplements,has long been recognized for its essential functions in maintaining health,including immune regulation.This article delves into the intricate relationship between vitamin D,the immune system,gut flora,and the prevention of CRC.It presents a synthesis of epidemiological data,experimental studies,and clinical trials,highlighting the mechanisms by which vitamin D influences immune cell function,cytokine production,and inflammation.By enhancing the immune system’s surveillance and antitumor activity,vitamin D may offer a promising avenue for CRC prevention.Furthermore,this comprehensive review delves into the prospective clinical applications of vitamin D supplementation and delineates the forthcoming avenues of research in this dynamic domain.Additionally,the paper tentatively outlines a spectrum of prophylactic impacts of vitamin D on CRC,emphasizing its significant potential in reducing CRC risk through shedding light on its mechanisms,encompassing antineoplastic mechanisms,influences on the immune system,and modulation of the gut microbiome.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation can lead to increased body weight and blood pressure(BP),but the latent effects of partial sleep deprivation related to required night sentry duties within a short-term period on cardiomet...BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation can lead to increased body weight and blood pressure(BP),but the latent effects of partial sleep deprivation related to required night sentry duties within a short-term period on cardiometabolic characteristic changes in military personnel are unclear.AIM To investigate the association between night sentry duty frequency in the past 3 months and cardiometabolic characteristics in armed forces personnel.METHODS A total of 867 armed forces personnel who were aged 18-39 years and did not take any antihypertensive medications in Taiwan in 2020 were included.The frequency of night sentry duty was self-reported via a questionnaire(average number of night sentry shifts per month for the past 3 months).Hemodynamic status was assessed via the resting BP and pulse rate(PR).Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.Multivariable linear regression analyses of the associations between night sentry duties and PR,BP,and other metabolic syndrome(MetS)marker levels were performed,with adjustments for age,sex,substance use,body mass index and aerobic fitness.Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the associations between night sentry duties and the prevalence of each MetS feature.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pneumoparotid is a rare disease associated with retrograde airflow into the ductal system.There is no established treatment for this disease,which has no known complications.Mouth puffing and playing wind i...BACKGROUND Pneumoparotid is a rare disease associated with retrograde airflow into the ductal system.There is no established treatment for this disease,which has no known complications.Mouth puffing and playing wind instruments are known to be the causes of this disease.CASE SUMMARY We managed a case,in which pneumoparotid suddenly recurred 4 months after surgery for purulent parotiditis.The patient did not report any obvious etiological factors,such as mouth puffing or playing a wind instrument.We reviewed 128 articles(from 1941 to 2023)that reported on a total of 166 patients with pneumoparotid,including the patient from the present case report,with imaging findings.This is the first reported case of pneumoparotid following surgery for purulent parotitis.The etiology in our case was classified as idiopathic.CONCLUSION Imaging findings could be sufficient for accurate pneumoparotid diagnoses and the exclusion of complications;computed tomography could be useful.展开更多
Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the dentition.Several microbial agents,mostly bacteria,have been identified as causative factors for periodontal disease.On the other hand,oral cav...Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the dentition.Several microbial agents,mostly bacteria,have been identified as causative factors for periodontal disease.On the other hand,oral cavity is a rich reservoir for viruses since it contains a wide variety of cell types that can be targeted by viruses.Traditionally,the focus of research about the oral flora has been on bacteria because the most widespread oral diseases,like periodontitis and dental caries,are outcomes of bacterial infection.However,recently and especially after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019,there is a growing tendency toward including viruses also into the scope of oral microbiome investigations.The global high prevalence of periodontitis and viral infections may point out to a concomitant or synergistic effect between the two.Although the exact nature of the mechanism still is not clearly understood,this could be speculated through the manipulation of the immune system by viruses;hence facilitating the furthermore colonization of the oral tissues by bacteria.This review provides an extensive and detailed update on the role of the most common viruses including herpes family(herpes simplex,varicella-zoster,Epstein-Barr,cytomegalovirus),Human papillomaviruses,Human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the initiation,progression and prognosis of periodontitis.展开更多
BACKGROUND The authors describe a technique for building an alternative jawbone phantom using dental gypsum and rice for research and dental radiology instruction.AIM To investigate the potential of an alternative pha...BACKGROUND The authors describe a technique for building an alternative jawbone phantom using dental gypsum and rice for research and dental radiology instruction.AIM To investigate the potential of an alternative phantom to simulate the trabecular bone aspect of the human maxilla in periapical radiographs.METHODS Half-maxillary phantoms built from gypsum-ground rice were exposed to X-rays,and the resulting images(experimental group)were compared to standardized radiographic images produced from dry human maxillary bone(control group)(n=7).The images were blindly assessed according to strict criteria by three examiners for the usual trabecular aspects of the surrounding bone,and significant differences between groups and in assessment reliability were compared using Fisher’s exact and kappa tests(α=0.05).RESULTS The differences in the trabecular aspects between groups were not statistically significant.In addition,interobserver agreement among observers was 0.43 and 0.51 for the control and experimental groups,respectively,whereas intraobserver agreement was 0.71 and 0.73,respectively.CONCLUSION The tested phantom seemed to demonstrate potential for trabecular bone image Munhoz EA et al.Model of hard tissue simulation for dental radiography WJM https://www.wjgnet.com 2 March 20,2024 Volume 14 Issue 1 simulation on maxillary periapical radiographs.展开更多
In this paper, we explore the classification of vibration modes generated by handwriting on an optical desk using deep learning architectures. Three deep learning models—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with at...In this paper, we explore the classification of vibration modes generated by handwriting on an optical desk using deep learning architectures. Three deep learning models—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with attention mechanism, Video Vision Transformer (ViViT), and Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Network (LRCN)—were evaluated to determine the most effective method for analyzing time series patterns generated by a Michelson interferometer. The interferometer was used to detect vibration modes created by handwriting, capturing time-series data from the diffraction patterns. Among these models, the LSTM-Attention network achieved the highest validation accuracy, reaching up to 92%, outperforming both ViViT and LRCN. These findings highlight the potential of deep learning in material science for detecting and classifying vibration patterns. The powerful performance of the LSTM-Attention model suggests that it could be applied to similar classification tasks in related fields.展开更多
AIM: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of noninvasive methods of arresting the progression of non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentin.METHODS: The Medline/Pub Med,LILACS,Sci ELO and Scop...AIM: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of noninvasive methods of arresting the progression of non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentin.METHODS: The Medline/Pub Med,LILACS,Sci ELO and Scopus databases were searched to identify relevant publications through to November 2013.Only clinical trials evaluating the ability of noninvasive methods to arrest the progression of occlusal non-cavitated carious lesions in dentin were included.Screening,data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.RESULTS: Of 167 citations identified,nine full text articles were screened and five were included in the analysis.All papers reported on occlusal fissure sealing using a self-curing glass ionomer(n = 1) or resin-based(n = 4) sealant.Only the use of resin-based sealant to obliterate occlusal fissures arrested the progression of non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentin.CONCLUSION: Occlusal fissure sealing with a resin-based sealant may arrest the progression of non-cavitated occlusal dentinal caries.Further clinical trials with longer follow-up times should be performed to increase scientific evidence.展开更多
This study compared the biological changes of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-treated dental pulp （DP） cells directly cultured on mineral trioxide aggregate （MTA） and calcium silicate （CS） cements. DP cells were trea...This study compared the biological changes of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-treated dental pulp （DP） cells directly cultured on mineral trioxide aggregate （MTA） and calcium silicate （CS） cements. DP cells were treated with LPS for 24 h. Then, the LPS-treated DP cells were cultured on MTA or CS cements. Cell viability, cell death mechanism and interleukin （IL）-1β expressions were analysed. A one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of the differences between the means. A significantly higher IL-1β expression （2.9-fold） was found for LPS-treated cells （P〈0.05） compared with DP cells without LPS treatment at 24 h. Absorbance values of LPS-treated cells cultured on CS cement were higher than a tissue culture plate. A significant difference （P〈0.05） in cell viability was observed between cells on CS and MTA cements 24 h after seeding. At 48 h, a high concentration of Si （5 mM） was released from MTA, which induced LPS-treated DP cell apoptosis. The present study demonstrates that CS cement is biocompatible with cultured LPS-treated DP cells. MTA stimulates inflammation in LPS-treated DP cells, which leads to greater IL-1β expression and apoptosis.展开更多
Objective To investigate the feature and frequency of medical emergencies in dental clinics in China and the Methods A survey study was conducted among 2408 dentists who attended continuing educational courses held by...Objective To investigate the feature and frequency of medical emergencies in dental clinics in China and the Methods A survey study was conducted among 2408 dentists who attended continuing educational courses held by Society of Sedation and Analgesia of Chinese Stomatological Association in 18 cities from December 2015 to December 2018.Demographic information of the dentists and the characteristics of medical emergencies they encountered were collected and analyzed.The associated demographic features for dentist experiencing medical emergencies were analyzed by logistic regression model.Results A total of 2013 dentists provided valid responses and reported 2923 events of medical emergencies in dental clinics.Among them,85.0%reported that they had encountered medical emergencies,and 35.5%had encountered at least twice.Syncope(35.9%)and hypoglycemia(30.3%)were the most common reported medical emergencies.Medical emergencies were most likely to occur during local anesthesia(49.9%),out-patient oral surgery(25.9%),and root canal treatment(11.3%).There were 6 patients(0.2%)died in emergencies.84.0%dentists reported that they had never received training courses about medical emergency management in dentistry other than Basic Life Support.Longer practicing time(10-15 years)(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41-0.85,P=0.004),working in private dental facilities(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.20-2.38,P=0.003)were associated with an increased risk of experiencing medical emergencies.Conclusion More efforts are needed in prevention,early identification,and timely management of medical emergencies in dental clinics in order to prevent fatal outcomes.The results of this survey are useful information for re-designing emergency training courses for Chinese dentists.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the periodontal status and associated risk factors among women of childbearing age to increase the awareness of oral health.Methods:The study was conducted on childbearing age women in Cixi,a ...Objective:To investigate the periodontal status and associated risk factors among women of childbearing age to increase the awareness of oral health.Methods:The study was conducted on childbearing age women in Cixi,a city in Zhejiang Province in the southeast of China.A total of 754 women participated in periodontal examination while receiving prenatal care.Data of the women were collected from the Cixi Family Planning Commission and during an interview.Clinical periodontal indices,such as bleeding on probing(BOP),probing depth(PD),and clinical attachment level(CAL) were measured during the examination.Statistical analysis on subject-based data was performed.Results:The prevalence of periodontal disease among childbearing age women in Cixi was high(84.7%).A significant association was found between the disease and educational level,pregnancy,taking oral contraceptives,stress,alcohol consumption,overweight,dental visit,and teeth brushing(P<0.05).Women who suffered periodontal disease showed deep PD,obvious BOP,and clinical attachment loss.Among this population,pregnancy was closely associated with higher BOP percentage;teeth brushing no more than once per day or brushing for less than 1 min(P<0.001) after adjusting for age and stress.Conclusions:The periodontal status of childbearing age women in Cixi needs to be improved urgently.Attention towards the periodontal health should be warranted,especially for those in special statuses and with poor awareness.展开更多
Oral diseases related to dental biofilms continue to afflict the majority of the world＇s population. Among them, dental caries continues to be the single most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease （Marsh, 200...Oral diseases related to dental biofilms continue to afflict the majority of the world＇s population. Among them, dental caries continues to be the single most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease （Marsh, 2003; Dye et al., 2007）. Dental caries results from the interaction of specific bacteria with constituents of the diet within a dental biofilm known as plaque （Bowen, 2002）. Sucrose is considered to be the ＂arch criminal＂ from the dietary aspect because it serves as a substrate for synthesis of extracellular （EPS） and intracellular （IPS） polysaccharides in dental biofilm and is also fermentable （Bowen, 2002）.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of intestinal epithelium,primarily of the colon.An increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with UC has been docu...BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of intestinal epithelium,primarily of the colon.An increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with UC has been documented recently.Still,there is no evidence that MetS alters the course of the UC.AIM To test the influence of the MetS on the severity of UC and the local and systemic immune status.METHODS Eighty nine patients with de novo histologically confirmed UC were divided in two groups,according to ATP III criteria:Group without MetS(no MetS)and group with MetS.RESULTS Clinically and histologically milder disease with higher serum level of immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10(IL-10)and fecal content of Galectin-3(Gal-3)was observed in subjects with UC and MetS,compared to subjects suffering from UC only.This was accompanied with predomination of IL-10 over pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-17(IL-17)in the sera as well as Gal-3 over TNF-αand IL-17 in feces of UC patients with MetS.Further,the patients with both conditions(UC and MetS)had higher percentage of IL-10 producing and Gal-3 expressing innate and acquired immune cells in lamina propria.CONCLUSION Local dominance of Gal-3 and IL-10 over pro-inflammatory mediators in patients with MetS may present a mechanism for limiting the inflammatory process and subsequent tissue damage in UC.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a computer-controlled periodontal ligament （PDL） injection system to the local soft tissues as the primary technique in endodontic access to mandibular posteri...Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a computer-controlled periodontal ligament （PDL） injection system to the local soft tissues as the primary technique in endodontic access to mandibular posterior teeth in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Methods A total of 162 Chinese patients who had been diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in their mandibular posterior teeth without acute infection or inflammation in the periodontal tissues were enrolled in this clinical study. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the position of the involved tooth： the premolar group （PM, z2=38）, first molar group （FM, n=66）, and second molar group （SM, n=58）. All the patients received computer-controlled PDL injection with 4% articaine and 1 ＇ 100 000 epinephrine. Immediately after the injection, endodontic access was performed, and the degree of pain during the treatment was evaluated by the patients using Visual Analogue Scale for pain. The success rates were compared among the 3 groups. The responses of local soft tissues were evaluated 3-8 days and 3 weeks after the procedure. Results The overall success rate was 76.5%. There was a significant difference in success rates among the PM, FM, and SM groups （92.1%, 53.0%, 93.1%, respectively; 2 X =34.3, P〈0.01）. Both the PM and SM groups showed higher success rates than that of the FM group （v=l, f=16.73, P〈0.01, v=l, Z = 4.5, X2 2 P〈0.01）. No irreversible adverse effects on the periodontal soft tissues at the injection sites were observed in the follow-up visits in any of the groups. Conclusion The computer-controlled PDL injection system demonstrates both satisfactory anesthetic effects and safety in local soft tissues as primary anesthetic technique in endodontic access to the mandibular posterior teeth in patients with irreversible pulpitis.展开更多
AIM To understand the effects of delivery mode on the immune cells frequency and function in cord blood and placenta.METHODS We evaluated immunological differences in cord blood and placental tissues for a case of twi...AIM To understand the effects of delivery mode on the immune cells frequency and function in cord blood and placenta.METHODS We evaluated immunological differences in cord blood and placental tissues for a case of twins one of which delivered vaginally while the other delivered by caesarian section(C-section). Cord blood mononuclear cells were isolated and placenta tissues were processed for cell isolation. Immune phenotyping was performed by flow cytometry methods following staining for T cells, natural killer(NK) cells, monocytes, neutrophils and CD71^+erythroid cells in both cord blood and placenta tissues. In addition, fetal calprotectin of twins was measured 12 wk after birth.RESULTS We found lower percentages of immune cells(e.g. T cells, monocytes and neutrophils) in the cord blood of C-section delivered compared to vaginally delivered newborn. In contrast, percentages of monocytes and neutrophils were > 2 folds higher in the placental tissues of C-section delivered newborn. More importantly, we observed lower percentages of CD71^+ erythroid cells in both cord blood and placental tissues of C-section delivered case. Lower CD71^+ erythroid cells were associated with a more pro-inflammatory milieu at the fetomaternal interface reflected by higher expression of inhibitory receptors on CD4^+ T cells, higher frequency of monocytes and neutrophils. Furthermore, type of delivery impacted the gene expression profile in CD71^+erythroid cells. Finally, we found that C-section delivered child had > 20-fold higher FCP in his fecal sample at 12 wk of age.CONCLUSION Mode of delivery impacted immune cells profile in cord blood/placenta. In particular frequency of immunosuppressive CD71^+ erythroid cells was reduced in C-section delivered newborn.展开更多
Several studies have demonstrated that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells can promote neural regeneration following brain injury. However, the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord blood-d...Several studies have demonstrated that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells can promote neural regeneration following brain injury. However, the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in guiding peripheral nerve regeneration remain poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells on neural regeneration using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells （1 ~ 106） or a PBS control were injected into the crush-injured segment of the sciatic nerve. Four weeks after cell injection, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase receptor B mRNA expression at the lesion site was increased in comparison to control. Furthermore, sciatic function index, Fluoro Gold-labeled neuron counts and axon density were also significantly increased when compared with control. Our results indicate that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchvmal stem cells promote the functinnal r~.RcJv^rv nf P.n I^h-inillr^4 ~r^i~tit, n^r~e展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital(SNUBH)Research Fund(Grant no.02-2020-0008)the Creative-Pioneering Researchers Program of Seoul National University(Grant no.860-20240109).
文摘Background:Oral cancer remains a significant global health challenge,as it has high morbidity and mortality rates.Current treatments show limited efficacy and have severe side effects,prompting searches for new therapeutic agents.SH003,a traditional herbal formulation comprising Astragalus membranaceus,Angelica gigas,and Trichosanthes kirilowii,has demonstrated potential anticancer properties in previous studies.However,its specific efficacy against oral cancer and the role of its key components,particularly Cucurbitacin D,remain underexplored.Methods:The cytotoxic effects of SH003 and its major components—i.e.,Cucurbitacin D,Decursin,Formononetin,and Nodakenin—were evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide(MTT),Trypan Blue exclusion,and Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH)release assays.Cell migration was analyzed via wound healing assays,and apoptosis induction was assessed using cell cycle analysis and caspase activation assays.Epithelial-tomesenchymal transition(EMT)marker expression(E-cadherin and N-cadherin)was measured using Western blotting and Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR).Results:SH003 significantly reduced cell viability in a dosedependent manner,with YD-8 and YD-9 cells showing greater sensitivity than YD-38 cells.Of the individual compounds,Cucurbitacin D was identified as a key active agent,as it exhibited potent inhibition of cell migration and significant modulation of EMT markers,including the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin.These effects were most pronounced in YD-9 cells.Conclusions:Taken together,these findings suggest that Cucurbitacin D plays a crucial role mediating the anticancer activity of SH003,particularly via the reversal of EMT and the reduction of migratory and invasive potential of oral cancer cells.This study provides valuable insight into the mechanistic basis of SH003,highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent against oral cancer.Further research,including in vivo studies and clinical trials,is needed to elucidate its precise mechanisms and potential applications against other cancer types.
文摘Objectives: Identification of the level of knowledge on ergonomics principles, and application of these by dentistry students to investigate whether painful symptomatology was experienced. An-other objective is the expansion of discussions on occupational health in academic settings. Study Design and Settings: Dentistry students of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (n = 148) were surveyed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to determine the severity of musculoskeletal symptoms experienced. Data were analyzed through EpiInfo 7.0 to measure central trends and variability 5for quantitative variables, absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables, and significance between groups (confidence intervals and chisquare). Association analysis (Pearson) was also carried out. Results: Ergonomic measures were not reported by students. Within the musculoskeletal symptoms described, females were the most affected, independent of academic level. Conclusions: Positive correlations were verified between all categories and all anatomic regions (e.g., neck, lower back, wrists, hands, and shoulders). Data suggest progressive worsening of symptoms, which will eventually result in leaves of absence.
基金Dalian Science and Technology Plan Project,No 2022080102.
文摘BACKGROUND The Cariostat caries activity test(CAT)was used to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized oral hygiene management combining oral health education and professional mechanical tooth cleaning on the oral health status of pregnant women.AIM To investigate whether personalized oral hygiene management enhances the oral health status of pregnant women.METHODS A total of 114 pregnant women who were examined at Dalian Women’s and Children’s Medical Center were divided into four groups:High-risk experimental group(n=29;CAT score≥2;received personalized oral hygiene management training),low-risk experimental group(n=29;CAT score≤1;received oral health education),high-risk control group(n=28;CAT score≥2),and low-risk control group(n=28;CAT score≤1).No hygiene intervention was provided to control groups.CAT scores at different times were compared using independent samples t-test and least significant difference t-test.RESULTS No significant difference in baseline CAT scores was observed between the experimental and control groups,either in the high-risk or low-risk groups.CAT scores were reduced significantly after 3(1.74±0.47 vs 2.50±0.38,P<0.0001)and 6 months(0.53±0.50 vs 2.45±0.42,P<0.0001)of personalized oral hygiene management intervention but not after oral health education alone(0.43±0.39 vs 0.46±0.33,P>0.05 and 0.45±0.36 vs 0.57±0.32,P>0.05,respectively).Within groups,the decrease in CAT scores was significant(2.43±0.44 vs 1.74±0.47 vs 0.53±0.50,P<0.0001)for only the high-risk experimental group.CONCLUSION Personalized oral hygiene management is effective in improving the oral health of pregnant women and can improve pregnancy outcomes and the oral health of the general population.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant numbers: 82272868 and 82173180]the Foundation of Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology, Fujian Province (No. 2020Y9126)Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project [Grant number: 2020CXA049]。
文摘Wnt signaling are critical pathway involved in organ development, tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. WNT7A, a member of the Wnt family, remains poorly understood in terms of its role and the underlying molecular mechanisms it entails in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), transcriptome sequencing data of HNSCC, the expression level of WNT7A in tumors was found to be higher than in adjacent normal tissues, which was validated using Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Unexpectedly, overexpression of WNT7A did not activate the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway in HNSCC. Instead, our findings suggested that WNT7A potentially activated the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to enhanced cell proliferation, self-renewal, and resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model, high expression of WNT7A and phosphorylated STAT3 was observed, which positively correlated with tumor progression.These findings underscore the significance of WNT7A in HNSCC progression and propose the targeting of key molecules within the FZD7/JAK1/STAT3 pathway as a promising strategy for precise treatment of HNSCC.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world.Although environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of CRC,extensive research has suggested that vitamin D may play a pivotal role in the development of CRC.Vitamin D,primarily obtained through sunlight exposure,dietary sources,and supplements,has long been recognized for its essential functions in maintaining health,including immune regulation.This article delves into the intricate relationship between vitamin D,the immune system,gut flora,and the prevention of CRC.It presents a synthesis of epidemiological data,experimental studies,and clinical trials,highlighting the mechanisms by which vitamin D influences immune cell function,cytokine production,and inflammation.By enhancing the immune system’s surveillance and antitumor activity,vitamin D may offer a promising avenue for CRC prevention.Furthermore,this comprehensive review delves into the prospective clinical applications of vitamin D supplementation and delineates the forthcoming avenues of research in this dynamic domain.Additionally,the paper tentatively outlines a spectrum of prophylactic impacts of vitamin D on CRC,emphasizing its significant potential in reducing CRC risk through shedding light on its mechanisms,encompassing antineoplastic mechanisms,influences on the immune system,and modulation of the gut microbiome.
基金Supported by Medical Affairs Bureau Ministry of National Defense,No.MND-MAB-D-113200Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital,No.HAFGH-D-113008.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation can lead to increased body weight and blood pressure(BP),but the latent effects of partial sleep deprivation related to required night sentry duties within a short-term period on cardiometabolic characteristic changes in military personnel are unclear.AIM To investigate the association between night sentry duty frequency in the past 3 months and cardiometabolic characteristics in armed forces personnel.METHODS A total of 867 armed forces personnel who were aged 18-39 years and did not take any antihypertensive medications in Taiwan in 2020 were included.The frequency of night sentry duty was self-reported via a questionnaire(average number of night sentry shifts per month for the past 3 months).Hemodynamic status was assessed via the resting BP and pulse rate(PR).Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.Multivariable linear regression analyses of the associations between night sentry duties and PR,BP,and other metabolic syndrome(MetS)marker levels were performed,with adjustments for age,sex,substance use,body mass index and aerobic fitness.Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the associations between night sentry duties and the prevalence of each MetS feature.
文摘BACKGROUND Pneumoparotid is a rare disease associated with retrograde airflow into the ductal system.There is no established treatment for this disease,which has no known complications.Mouth puffing and playing wind instruments are known to be the causes of this disease.CASE SUMMARY We managed a case,in which pneumoparotid suddenly recurred 4 months after surgery for purulent parotiditis.The patient did not report any obvious etiological factors,such as mouth puffing or playing a wind instrument.We reviewed 128 articles(from 1941 to 2023)that reported on a total of 166 patients with pneumoparotid,including the patient from the present case report,with imaging findings.This is the first reported case of pneumoparotid following surgery for purulent parotitis.The etiology in our case was classified as idiopathic.CONCLUSION Imaging findings could be sufficient for accurate pneumoparotid diagnoses and the exclusion of complications;computed tomography could be useful.
文摘Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the dentition.Several microbial agents,mostly bacteria,have been identified as causative factors for periodontal disease.On the other hand,oral cavity is a rich reservoir for viruses since it contains a wide variety of cell types that can be targeted by viruses.Traditionally,the focus of research about the oral flora has been on bacteria because the most widespread oral diseases,like periodontitis and dental caries,are outcomes of bacterial infection.However,recently and especially after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019,there is a growing tendency toward including viruses also into the scope of oral microbiome investigations.The global high prevalence of periodontitis and viral infections may point out to a concomitant or synergistic effect between the two.Although the exact nature of the mechanism still is not clearly understood,this could be speculated through the manipulation of the immune system by viruses;hence facilitating the furthermore colonization of the oral tissues by bacteria.This review provides an extensive and detailed update on the role of the most common viruses including herpes family(herpes simplex,varicella-zoster,Epstein-Barr,cytomegalovirus),Human papillomaviruses,Human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the initiation,progression and prognosis of periodontitis.
文摘BACKGROUND The authors describe a technique for building an alternative jawbone phantom using dental gypsum and rice for research and dental radiology instruction.AIM To investigate the potential of an alternative phantom to simulate the trabecular bone aspect of the human maxilla in periapical radiographs.METHODS Half-maxillary phantoms built from gypsum-ground rice were exposed to X-rays,and the resulting images(experimental group)were compared to standardized radiographic images produced from dry human maxillary bone(control group)(n=7).The images were blindly assessed according to strict criteria by three examiners for the usual trabecular aspects of the surrounding bone,and significant differences between groups and in assessment reliability were compared using Fisher’s exact and kappa tests(α=0.05).RESULTS The differences in the trabecular aspects between groups were not statistically significant.In addition,interobserver agreement among observers was 0.43 and 0.51 for the control and experimental groups,respectively,whereas intraobserver agreement was 0.71 and 0.73,respectively.CONCLUSION The tested phantom seemed to demonstrate potential for trabecular bone image Munhoz EA et al.Model of hard tissue simulation for dental radiography WJM https://www.wjgnet.com 2 March 20,2024 Volume 14 Issue 1 simulation on maxillary periapical radiographs.
文摘In this paper, we explore the classification of vibration modes generated by handwriting on an optical desk using deep learning architectures. Three deep learning models—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with attention mechanism, Video Vision Transformer (ViViT), and Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Network (LRCN)—were evaluated to determine the most effective method for analyzing time series patterns generated by a Michelson interferometer. The interferometer was used to detect vibration modes created by handwriting, capturing time-series data from the diffraction patterns. Among these models, the LSTM-Attention network achieved the highest validation accuracy, reaching up to 92%, outperforming both ViViT and LRCN. These findings highlight the potential of deep learning in material science for detecting and classifying vibration patterns. The powerful performance of the LSTM-Attention model suggests that it could be applied to similar classification tasks in related fields.
文摘AIM: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy of noninvasive methods of arresting the progression of non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentin.METHODS: The Medline/Pub Med,LILACS,Sci ELO and Scopus databases were searched to identify relevant publications through to November 2013.Only clinical trials evaluating the ability of noninvasive methods to arrest the progression of occlusal non-cavitated carious lesions in dentin were included.Screening,data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.RESULTS: Of 167 citations identified,nine full text articles were screened and five were included in the analysis.All papers reported on occlusal fissure sealing using a self-curing glass ionomer(n = 1) or resin-based(n = 4) sealant.Only the use of resin-based sealant to obliterate occlusal fissures arrested the progression of non-cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentin.CONCLUSION: Occlusal fissure sealing with a resin-based sealant may arrest the progression of non-cavitated occlusal dentinal caries.Further clinical trials with longer follow-up times should be performed to increase scientific evidence.
文摘This study compared the biological changes of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-treated dental pulp （DP） cells directly cultured on mineral trioxide aggregate （MTA） and calcium silicate （CS） cements. DP cells were treated with LPS for 24 h. Then, the LPS-treated DP cells were cultured on MTA or CS cements. Cell viability, cell death mechanism and interleukin （IL）-1β expressions were analysed. A one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of the differences between the means. A significantly higher IL-1β expression （2.9-fold） was found for LPS-treated cells （P〈0.05） compared with DP cells without LPS treatment at 24 h. Absorbance values of LPS-treated cells cultured on CS cement were higher than a tissue culture plate. A significant difference （P〈0.05） in cell viability was observed between cells on CS and MTA cements 24 h after seeding. At 48 h, a high concentration of Si （5 mM） was released from MTA, which induced LPS-treated DP cell apoptosis. The present study demonstrates that CS cement is biocompatible with cultured LPS-treated DP cells. MTA stimulates inflammation in LPS-treated DP cells, which leads to greater IL-1β expression and apoptosis.
基金Fund supported by the Youth Educational Scholar Program of Peking Union Medical College(2016ZLGC0712).
文摘Objective To investigate the feature and frequency of medical emergencies in dental clinics in China and the Methods A survey study was conducted among 2408 dentists who attended continuing educational courses held by Society of Sedation and Analgesia of Chinese Stomatological Association in 18 cities from December 2015 to December 2018.Demographic information of the dentists and the characteristics of medical emergencies they encountered were collected and analyzed.The associated demographic features for dentist experiencing medical emergencies were analyzed by logistic regression model.Results A total of 2013 dentists provided valid responses and reported 2923 events of medical emergencies in dental clinics.Among them,85.0%reported that they had encountered medical emergencies,and 35.5%had encountered at least twice.Syncope(35.9%)and hypoglycemia(30.3%)were the most common reported medical emergencies.Medical emergencies were most likely to occur during local anesthesia(49.9%),out-patient oral surgery(25.9%),and root canal treatment(11.3%).There were 6 patients(0.2%)died in emergencies.84.0%dentists reported that they had never received training courses about medical emergency management in dentistry other than Basic Life Support.Longer practicing time(10-15 years)(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41-0.85,P=0.004),working in private dental facilities(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.20-2.38,P=0.003)were associated with an increased risk of experiencing medical emergencies.Conclusion More efforts are needed in prevention,early identification,and timely management of medical emergencies in dental clinics in order to prevent fatal outcomes.The results of this survey are useful information for re-designing emergency training courses for Chinese dentists.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.30872884 and 81271142)the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (No.2010C33031),China
文摘Objective:To investigate the periodontal status and associated risk factors among women of childbearing age to increase the awareness of oral health.Methods:The study was conducted on childbearing age women in Cixi,a city in Zhejiang Province in the southeast of China.A total of 754 women participated in periodontal examination while receiving prenatal care.Data of the women were collected from the Cixi Family Planning Commission and during an interview.Clinical periodontal indices,such as bleeding on probing(BOP),probing depth(PD),and clinical attachment level(CAL) were measured during the examination.Statistical analysis on subject-based data was performed.Results:The prevalence of periodontal disease among childbearing age women in Cixi was high(84.7%).A significant association was found between the disease and educational level,pregnancy,taking oral contraceptives,stress,alcohol consumption,overweight,dental visit,and teeth brushing(P<0.05).Women who suffered periodontal disease showed deep PD,obvious BOP,and clinical attachment loss.Among this population,pregnancy was closely associated with higher BOP percentage;teeth brushing no more than once per day or brushing for less than 1 min(P<0.001) after adjusting for age and stress.Conclusions:The periodontal status of childbearing age women in Cixi needs to be improved urgently.Attention towards the periodontal health should be warranted,especially for those in special statuses and with poor awareness.
文摘Oral diseases related to dental biofilms continue to afflict the majority of the world＇s population. Among them, dental caries continues to be the single most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease （Marsh, 2003; Dye et al., 2007）. Dental caries results from the interaction of specific bacteria with constituents of the diet within a dental biofilm known as plaque （Bowen, 2002）. Sucrose is considered to be the ＂arch criminal＂ from the dietary aspect because it serves as a substrate for synthesis of extracellular （EPS） and intracellular （IPS） polysaccharides in dental biofilm and is also fermentable （Bowen, 2002）.
文摘BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of intestinal epithelium,primarily of the colon.An increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MetS)in patients with UC has been documented recently.Still,there is no evidence that MetS alters the course of the UC.AIM To test the influence of the MetS on the severity of UC and the local and systemic immune status.METHODS Eighty nine patients with de novo histologically confirmed UC were divided in two groups,according to ATP III criteria:Group without MetS(no MetS)and group with MetS.RESULTS Clinically and histologically milder disease with higher serum level of immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10(IL-10)and fecal content of Galectin-3(Gal-3)was observed in subjects with UC and MetS,compared to subjects suffering from UC only.This was accompanied with predomination of IL-10 over pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-17(IL-17)in the sera as well as Gal-3 over TNF-αand IL-17 in feces of UC patients with MetS.Further,the patients with both conditions(UC and MetS)had higher percentage of IL-10 producing and Gal-3 expressing innate and acquired immune cells in lamina propria.CONCLUSION Local dominance of Gal-3 and IL-10 over pro-inflammatory mediators in patients with MetS may present a mechanism for limiting the inflammatory process and subsequent tissue damage in UC.
文摘Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a computer-controlled periodontal ligament （PDL） injection system to the local soft tissues as the primary technique in endodontic access to mandibular posterior teeth in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Methods A total of 162 Chinese patients who had been diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in their mandibular posterior teeth without acute infection or inflammation in the periodontal tissues were enrolled in this clinical study. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the position of the involved tooth： the premolar group （PM, z2=38）, first molar group （FM, n=66）, and second molar group （SM, n=58）. All the patients received computer-controlled PDL injection with 4% articaine and 1 ＇ 100 000 epinephrine. Immediately after the injection, endodontic access was performed, and the degree of pain during the treatment was evaluated by the patients using Visual Analogue Scale for pain. The success rates were compared among the 3 groups. The responses of local soft tissues were evaluated 3-8 days and 3 weeks after the procedure. Results The overall success rate was 76.5%. There was a significant difference in success rates among the PM, FM, and SM groups （92.1%, 53.0%, 93.1%, respectively; 2 X =34.3, P〈0.01）. Both the PM and SM groups showed higher success rates than that of the FM group （v=l, f=16.73, P〈0.01, v=l, Z = 4.5, X2 2 P〈0.01）. No irreversible adverse effects on the periodontal soft tissues at the injection sites were observed in the follow-up visits in any of the groups. Conclusion The computer-controlled PDL injection system demonstrates both satisfactory anesthetic effects and safety in local soft tissues as primary anesthetic technique in endodontic access to the mandibular posterior teeth in patients with irreversible pulpitis.
基金a Foundation Scheme grant and a New Investigator Salary Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(both to Elahi S)an innovation grant from Women and Children’s Health Research Institute(to Huang V and Elahi S)
文摘AIM To understand the effects of delivery mode on the immune cells frequency and function in cord blood and placenta.METHODS We evaluated immunological differences in cord blood and placental tissues for a case of twins one of which delivered vaginally while the other delivered by caesarian section(C-section). Cord blood mononuclear cells were isolated and placenta tissues were processed for cell isolation. Immune phenotyping was performed by flow cytometry methods following staining for T cells, natural killer(NK) cells, monocytes, neutrophils and CD71^+erythroid cells in both cord blood and placenta tissues. In addition, fetal calprotectin of twins was measured 12 wk after birth.RESULTS We found lower percentages of immune cells(e.g. T cells, monocytes and neutrophils) in the cord blood of C-section delivered compared to vaginally delivered newborn. In contrast, percentages of monocytes and neutrophils were > 2 folds higher in the placental tissues of C-section delivered newborn. More importantly, we observed lower percentages of CD71^+ erythroid cells in both cord blood and placental tissues of C-section delivered case. Lower CD71^+ erythroid cells were associated with a more pro-inflammatory milieu at the fetomaternal interface reflected by higher expression of inhibitory receptors on CD4^+ T cells, higher frequency of monocytes and neutrophils. Furthermore, type of delivery impacted the gene expression profile in CD71^+erythroid cells. Finally, we found that C-section delivered child had > 20-fold higher FCP in his fecal sample at 12 wk of age.CONCLUSION Mode of delivery impacted immune cells profile in cord blood/placenta. In particular frequency of immunosuppressive CD71^+ erythroid cells was reduced in C-section delivered newborn.
基金supported by a grant of the Seoul National University Dental Hospital,Republic of Korea,No.03-2010-0020
文摘Several studies have demonstrated that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells can promote neural regeneration following brain injury. However, the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in guiding peripheral nerve regeneration remain poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells on neural regeneration using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells （1 ~ 106） or a PBS control were injected into the crush-injured segment of the sciatic nerve. Four weeks after cell injection, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase receptor B mRNA expression at the lesion site was increased in comparison to control. Furthermore, sciatic function index, Fluoro Gold-labeled neuron counts and axon density were also significantly increased when compared with control. Our results indicate that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchvmal stem cells promote the functinnal r~.RcJv^rv nf P.n I^h-inillr^4 ~r^i~tit, n^r~e
