<strong>Context:</strong> Due to the late referral of the pads to the nephrologist and the lack of medical follow-up, many patients are admitted with complications from kidney disease requiring the urgent ...<strong>Context:</strong> Due to the late referral of the pads to the nephrologist and the lack of medical follow-up, many patients are admitted with complications from kidney disease requiring the urgent start of hemodialysis sessions. <strong>Purpose:</strong> Study the profile of emergency hemodialysis patients in order to ease their management. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out at the Nephrology Department of the Teaching Hospital of Yopougon from January 1st to December 31st, 2016. This study included all patients who had received a first session of hemodialysis in an emergency context. <strong>Results:</strong> We collected 146 patients with an average age of 39.80 ± 14.55 years and a sex ratio of 0.6 for men. Before admission, patients were known as hypertensives (63.9%), followed by CKD (23.9%) and HIV-infected (8.2%). The main clinical signs were hypertension (64.3%), edema (44.5%) and coma (30.1%). Anemia was observed in 97.2% of cases and it was less than 8 g/dl in 57.5%. Kidney failure was chronic in 75.3% and acute in 24.6%. Chronic nephropathies were glomerular (54.1%), vascular (20.5%). The main indications for hemodialysis were encephalopathy (33.5%), severe uremia (28%), acute pulmonary edema (19.8%), persistent anuria (11.6%) and hyperkalemia (5.4%). The vascular approach was a catheter in 97.2% (femoral site in 53.4% and jugular in 43.8% and arteriovenous fistula in 2.7%). Death was observed in 17.8%. In univariate analysis, age > 65 years (p = 0.04), coma (p = 0.004) and acute kidney failure (p = 0.02) were associated with the risk of death, and in multivariate analysis, only coma (p = 0.024, OR = 5.88) seemed to be associated with mortality risk for our patients. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Hemodialysis in an emergency situation is a common practice in the Teaching Hospital of Yopougon and mainly concerns patients with CKD.展开更多
Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a rather rare disorder in children and difficult to diagnose. It is generally linked to congenital heart defects or connective-tissue diseases. Our case is a 10-year-old girl admitted in th...Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a rather rare disorder in children and difficult to diagnose. It is generally linked to congenital heart defects or connective-tissue diseases. Our case is a 10-year-old girl admitted in the pediatric emergency care unit on January 19th, 2015 for massive haemoptysis and severe anaemia. Examination revealed severe anemia and a silent left lung. The Chest X-Ray revealed an abnormal mass on the upper left side of the mediastinum, and left lower lobe consolidation. The thoracic CT scan highlighted a 64 mm aneurysm of the subisthmic aorta with a thin 5 mm hole. It also showed pseudocoarctation of the aorta. Treatment in intensive care consisted of blood transfusion and iron supplement. She was due to travel abroad for cardio vascular surgery, but died on November 2016. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in our setting was discovered incidentally. In spite the fact that it is an extreme surgical emergency, in Burkina Faso, treatment can only be possible abroad upon medical evacuation.展开更多
Background: Pre-eclampsia has long been considered as a disease that disappears after the removal of the placenta. It has now been shown that its symptoms can persist for months after giving birth. Objectives: To stud...Background: Pre-eclampsia has long been considered as a disease that disappears after the removal of the placenta. It has now been shown that its symptoms can persist for months after giving birth. Objectives: To study the evolution of proteinuria and renal function in women with pre-eclampsia. Patients and Methods: An analytical prospective study was carried out in the Hospitalization Unit of the Gynecology Department of the Teaching Hospital of Cocody (Abidjan) from May 3, 2021 to November 15, 2021. It focused on the follow-up of proteinuria and renal function in 50 women who had pre-eclampsia during their pregnancy, in the three months following their delivery. Results: The average age of the patients was 30.38 ± 6 years (range 18 and 40 years). Thirty-two percent were nulliparous and 62% had no risk factors for pre-eclampsia. The diagnosis of pre-eclampsia was made in 52% of cases before 37 weeks of amenorrhea. Sixty-two percent had Grade 3 arte-rial hypertension. The average proteinuria/creatininuria ratio was 3592.08 ± 7009.57 mg/g and 32% of women had glomerular grade proteinuria. The mean serum creatinine was 13.61 ± 12.62 mg/l. AKI (Acute Renal Failure) was present in 30% of women. All patients had received a central antihypertensive drug of which 88% were a calcium channel blocker. For the delivery mode, a Caesarean section was performed in 88% of cases. In the three months postpartum, 40% of women had persistent hypertension, 58% had persistent proteinuria and 6% had persistent impaired renal function. Prematurity (p = 0.0091), IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) (p = 0.0012) and IUFD (intrauterine fetal death) (p = 0.0012) were associated with the persistence of proteinuria at M3 postpartum. Conclusion: Symptoms of pre-eclampsia do not automatically disappear after the delivery. Proteinuria and renal failure can persist beyond three months after the delivery and require treatment by a nephrologist.展开更多
Dear Editor,We are much obliged that Hadziselimovic1 has used our data2 to highlight the substantial proportion of boys with cryptorchidism where gonadotropin insufficiency is an important factor related to the pathog...Dear Editor,We are much obliged that Hadziselimovic1 has used our data2 to highlight the substantial proportion of boys with cryptorchidism where gonadotropin insufficiency is an important factor related to the pathogenesis.We have recently presented a study on a series of 453 consecutive boys with bilateral nonsyndromic cryptorchidism,in which we conducted hormonal evaluations and assessed germ cell numbers in testicular biopsies.3 In this series,45%of the boys were classified as having gonadotropin insufficiency.3 Identifying these patients at the time of surgery is important.A recent follow-up study of 208 boys with nonsyndromic bilateral cryptorchidism from our department showed that the boys with gonadotropin insufficiency had an impaired fertility potential after surgery compared to boys with an intact hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal feedback mechanism.4 In a review from 2022,Hadziselimovic5 suggested that infertility in patients diagnosed with cryptorchid testes is a consequence of a hormonal deficiency rather than temperature-induced cellular damage.展开更多
Objectives:Bladder Cancer(BC)is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide,with high rates of mortality and morbidity.It can be classified as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)or muscle-invasive ...Objectives:Bladder Cancer(BC)is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide,with high rates of mortality and morbidity.It can be classified as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)or muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC),with radical cystectomy being the treatment for MIBC,which significantly reduces quality of life.MicroRNAs(miRs)act as critical genetic regulators,with both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles.MiR-10a is described as a tumor suppressor in various neoplasms,but its role in BC is controversial.This study aims to assess the activity of miR-10a in cellular invasion and proliferation in two distinct BC cell lines.Methods:The study used high-grade T24 and low-grade RT4 bladder cell lines.Cells were transfected with miR-10a mimic or a non-targeting control.Transfection efficiency was validated by qPCR.Cell proliferation was cultured for 10–14 days.Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Matrigel.All assays were conducted in triplicate.Results:The T24 cells transfected with miR-10a presented decreased cellular proliferation and invasion compared to the Scramble(p=0.0481 and p<0.0001,respectively).In the RT4 cell line,there was only a significant reduction in cellular proliferation after miR-10a transfection(p=0.0029).Conclusions:Our findings suggest that miR-10a has a tumoral suppressor role in BC,demonstrating higher efficacy in high-grade cells.展开更多
Gastric cancer currently ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the western world, it is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage, after becoming metastatic at distant sites. Patients with advanced di...Gastric cancer currently ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the western world, it is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage, after becoming metastatic at distant sites. Patients with advanced disease(locally advanced or metastatic) have a somber prognosis, with a median overall survival of 10-12 mo, and palliative chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. In recent years, novel approaches using inhibition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) have demonstrated significant improvements in progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in first-line treatment of patients with overexpression of HER2. In addition, both second-line chemotherapy and treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-inhibitor ramucirumab demonstrated significant benefits in terms of overall survival, compared with best supportive care, in randomized studies. Moreover, ramucirumab in combination with chemotherapy demonstrated further significant benefits in terms of progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in second-line treatment for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. A recently published molecular classification of gastric cancer is expected to improve patient stratification and selection for clinical trials and provide a roadmap for future drug development. Nevertheless, despite these developments the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer remains poor. In this review we discuss current standards of care and outline major topics of drug development in gastric cancer.展开更多
During epididymal transit, spermatozoa acquire new proteins. Some of these newly acquired proteins behave as integral membrane proteins, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol （GPI）-anchored proteins. This suggests ...During epididymal transit, spermatozoa acquire new proteins. Some of these newly acquired proteins behave as integral membrane proteins, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol （GPI）-anchored proteins. This suggests that the secreted epididymal proteins are transferred to spermatozoa by an unusual mechanism. Within the epididymal lumen, spermatozoa interact with small membranous vesicles named epididymosomes. Many proteins are associated with epididymosomes and the protein composition of these vesicles varies along the excurrent duct and differs from soluble intraluminal proteins. Some epididymosome-associated proteins have been identified and their functions in sperm maturation hypothesized. These include P25b, a zona pellucida binding protein, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, enzymes of the polyol pathway, HE5/CD52, type 5 glutathione peroxidase, and SPAM 1 or PH-20. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins associated to epididymosomes are complex and some of these proteins are transferred to defined surface domains of epididymal spermatozoa. Epididymosomes collected from different epididymal segments interact differently with spermatozoa. This protein transfer from epididymosomes to spermatozoa is timedependent, temperature-dependent and pH-dependent, and is more efficient in the presence of zinc. Some proteins are segregated to lipid raft domains of epididymosomes and are selectively transferred to raft domains of the sperm plasma membrane. Some evidence is presented showing that epididymosomes are secreted in an apocrine manner by the epididymal epithelial cells. In conclusion, epididymosomes are small membranous vesicles secreted in an apocrine manner in the intraluminal compartment of the epididymis and play a major role in the acquisition of new proteins by the maturing spermatozoa. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 483-491）展开更多
In this research, we study the cognitive workload of aircraft pilots during a simulated takeoff procedure. We propose a proof-of-concept setup environment to gather heart rate, pupil dilation, and brain cognitive work...In this research, we study the cognitive workload of aircraft pilots during a simulated takeoff procedure. We propose a proof-of-concept setup environment to gather heart rate, pupil dilation, and brain cognitive workload data during an A320 takeoff within a simulator. Experiments were performed during which we collected 136 takeoffs across 13 pilots for more than 9 hours of time-series data. Moreover, this paper investigates the correlations between heart rate, pupil dilation, and cognitive workload during such exercise and found that a spike in cognitive load during a critical moment, such as an engine failure, augments a pilot’s heart rate and pupil dilation. Results show that a critical moment within a takeoff procedure increases a pilot’s cognitive load. Next, we used a stacked-LSTM model to predict cognitive workload 5 seconds into the future. The model was able to produce accurate predictions.展开更多
The presence of tetracyclines in soil and surface water is an emerging concern. The present study was undertaken to investigate remediation of tetracylines (tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycli...The presence of tetracyclines in soil and surface water is an emerging concern. The present study was undertaken to investigate remediation of tetracylines (tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC)) from aqueous solution using vetiver grass, water lettuce, and sunflower and root exudates of water lettuce, sunflower and from soil by tomato, Indian mustard and carrot plant. The data of this study denote that vetiver grass, water lettuce, sunflower remedy tetracyclines from water. The remediation % after 63 days of treatment was 87-61 for TC;88-68 for OTC and 87-68 for CTC. The remediation of tetracyclines at lower concentration of antibiotics in presence of root exudates of water lettuce and sunflower was more than 99% and remediation was faster than water lettuce or sunflower. The remediation of tetracyclines from aqueous solution may be due to oxidation of-OH group(s) of tetracycline through a process that is thought to involve reactive oxygen intermediates and/or role of peroxidase enzyme. The plant crops viz., tomato, Indian mustard and carrot can remedy 41%-72% of amended tetracyclines. The maximum bioaccumulation of TC and CTC was in Indian mustard and OTC was maximally bioaccumulated in tomato.展开更多
The second(O2)observational campaign of gravitational waves(GWs)organized by the LIGO/Virgo Collaborations has led to several breakthroughs such as the detection of GW signals from merger systems involving black holes...The second(O2)observational campaign of gravitational waves(GWs)organized by the LIGO/Virgo Collaborations has led to several breakthroughs such as the detection of GW signals from merger systems involving black holes or neutrons stars.During O2,14 GW alerts were sent to the astronomical community with sky regions mostly covering over hundreds of square degrees.Among them,six were finally confirmed as real astrophysical events.Since 2013,a new set of ground-based robotic telescopes called Ground-based Wide Angle Camera system(GWAC)project and its pathfinder mini-GWAC has been developed to contribute to the various challenges of multi-messenger and time domain astronomy.The GWAC system is built up in the framework of the ground-segment system of the SVOM mission that will be devoted to the study of the multi-wavelength transient sky in the next decade.During O2,only the mini-GWAC telescope network was fully operational.Due to the wide field of view and fast automatic follow-up capabilities of the mini-GWAC telescopes,they were adept to efficiently cover the sky localization areas of GW event candidates.In this paper,we present the mini-GWAC pipeline we have set up to respond to GW alerts and we report our optical follow-up observations of eight GW alerts detected during the O2 run.Our observations provided the largest coverage of the GW localization areas with a short latency made by any optical facility.We found tens of optical transient candidates in our images,but none of those could be securely associated with any confirmed black hole-black hole merger event.Based on this first experience and the near future technical improvements of our network system,we will be more competitive in detecting the optical counterparts from some GW events that will be identified during the upcoming O3 run,especially those emerging from binary neutron star mergers.展开更多
In this work,a Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)(CZTS)ingot is grown via a melting method,then cooled;the resulting molten stoichiomet-ric mixture is sealed off in a quartz ampoule under vacuum.The CZTS powder chemical composition anal...In this work,a Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)(CZTS)ingot is grown via a melting method,then cooled;the resulting molten stoichiomet-ric mixture is sealed off in a quartz ampoule under vacuum.The CZTS powder chemical composition analyses are determined us-ing energy dispersive spectroscopy,and revealing the slightly Cu-rich and Zn-poor character of the ingot.Powder X-ray diffrac-tion analysis reveals a crystalline structure with a kesterite phase formation,and a preferred orientation of(112)plane.The lat-tice constants of the a-and c-axes,calculated based on the XRD analyses,are a=5.40Åand c=10.84Å.Based on Hall measure-ments at room temperature,we find that the crystal exhibits p-type conductivity,with a high concentration of 1018 cm^(-3),a res-istivity of 1.7Ωcm,and a mobility of 10.69 cm^(2)V-1s-1.Activation energies are estimated based on an Arrhenius plot of conductiv-ity versus 1/T,for a temperature range of 80-350 K,measuring 35 and 160 meV in low-and high-temperature regimes,respect-ively,which is attributed to complex defects(2CuZn+SnZn)and antisite defects(CuZn),respectively.The observed scattering mech-anisms are attributed to ionized impurities and acoustic phonons at low and high temperatures,respectively.The extracted band-gap is 1.37 eV.展开更多
We consider the AB-(Bernal) stacking for the bi-layer graphene (BLG) system and assume that a perpendicular electric field is created by the external gates deposited on the BLG surface. In the basis (A1, B2, A2, B1) f...We consider the AB-(Bernal) stacking for the bi-layer graphene (BLG) system and assume that a perpendicular electric field is created by the external gates deposited on the BLG surface. In the basis (A1, B2, A2, B1) for the valleyKand the basis (B2, A1, B1, A2) for the valley K′, we show the occurrence of trigonal warping [1], that is, splitting of the energy bands or the density of states on the kx - ky plane into four pockets comprising of the central part and three legs due to a (skew) interlayer hopping between A1 and B2. The hopping between A1 - B2 leads to a concurrent velocity v3 in addition to the Fermi velocity vF. Our noteworthy outcome is that the above-mentioned topological change, referred to as the Lifshitz transition [2, 3], is entirely bias-tunable. Furthermore, the many-body effects, which is known to yield logarithmic renormalizations [4] in the band dispersions of monolayer graphene, is found to have significant effect on the bias-tunability of this transition. We also consider a variant of the system where the A atoms of the two layers are over each other and the B atoms of the layers are displaced with respect to each other. The Fermi energy density of statesfor zero bias corresponds to the inverted sombrero-like structure. The structure is found to get deformed due to the increase in the bias.展开更多
Concentrations of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni were determined in the red alga Corallina officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), the green alga Ulva lactuca (Linnaeus, 1753) and sediment sampled in four stations of the coastline o...Concentrations of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni were determined in the red alga Corallina officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), the green alga Ulva lactuca (Linnaeus, 1753) and sediment sampled in four stations of the coastline of Hona?ne (extreme Western Algeria). The abundance of metal concentrations in algae and sediment samples, is in the following order: Fe > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. The schematic representation by PCA reflects a strong correlation of the corallina with Cd and Pb, the ulva with Zn and Ni and sediment with Cu and Fe, in addition, to homogeneity of rehearsals in each matrix. The results of this study validate the use of these species as reliable tools for biomonitoring of metal pollution of coastal ecosystems, even if the levels of heavy metals in sediment and algae from the coastline of Hona?ne are in general, very low compared with those from other geographic areas and by guidelines.展开更多
This study assessed the feasibility of testis tissue cryopreservation (TTC) for fertility preservation in prepubescent boys with cryptorchidism. From January 2014 to December 2022, the University Hospital of Copenhage...This study assessed the feasibility of testis tissue cryopreservation (TTC) for fertility preservation in prepubescent boys with cryptorchidism. From January 2014 to December 2022, the University Hospital of Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark) implemented TTC for 56 boys with cryptorchidism to preserve their reproductive potential. Testis tissue samples were collected during orchiopexy (32 cases) or at subsequent follow-up procedures (24 cases), necessitated by an increased risk of infertility as indicated by hormonal assessments and/or findings from initial surgical biopsies. Testis samples were procured for TTC and pathological analysis. The cohort had an average age of 1.3 (range: 0.3–3.8) years at the time of orchiopexy, with 91.1% presenting bilateral cryptorchidism. The study revealed a median germ cell count of 0.39 (range: 0–2.88) per seminiferous tubule, with germ cells detected in 98.0% of the bilateral biopsies and 100% of the unilateral, indicating a substantial potential for fertility in these immature tissues. A dark spermatogonia (Ad) was detected in 37 out of 56 patients evaluated, with a median Ad spermatogonia count of 0.027 (range: 0.002–0.158) per seminiferous tubule. A total of 30.2% of the samples lacked Ad spermatogonia, indicative of potential gonadotrophin insufficiency. The median hormone levels measured were as follows: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at 0.69 (range: 0.16–2.5) U l−1, luteinizing hormone (LH) at 0.21 (range: 0.05–3.86) U l−1, and inhibin B at 126 (range: 17–300) pg ml−1. Despite early orchiopexy, 20%–25% of boys with cryptorchidism remain at risk for future infertility, substantiating the necessity of TTC as a precaution. The study highlights the need for refined predictive techniques to identify boys at higher risk of future infertility.展开更多
Sustainability is popularly defined as meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Social, economic and environmental parameters are most...Sustainability is popularly defined as meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Social, economic and environmental parameters are most commonly accepted as the three pillars of sustainability. In this paper, various sustainability indicators have been identified during the construction stage for elevated transportation corridors and thereafter classified under various categories. Using fuzzy VIKOR technique, sustainability evaluation of transportation corridors is made on two selected project sites of two different government organizations using various identified sustainability indicators, i.e., a 3.2-km long elevated road project under construction from Vikaspuri to Meerabagh in West Delhi by PWD （Public Works Department） and the metro rail elevated corridor （part） from Punjabi Bagh to Mayapuri as a part of Phase 3, Line 7 by DMRC （Delhi Metro Rail Corporation）. The study is made at both sites in the midst of the construction period and it is identified that during the construction stage, the sustainability of these transportation corridors is just not limited to three pillars, but in actuality, it is much beyond that. From the study, it is inferred that the metro rail elevated corridor is a more sustainable corridor, in the context of the identified sustainability indicators.展开更多
Thymomas are the most common neoplasms of the mediastinum. It is common that thymoma invades neighboring structures in the thorax, but direct polypoid tumor growth into the airway is extremely rare. We report a rare c...Thymomas are the most common neoplasms of the mediastinum. It is common that thymoma invades neighboring structures in the thorax, but direct polypoid tumor growth into the airway is extremely rare. We report a rare case of invasive thymoma with polypoid endobronchial growth in a 66-year-old woman. Computed tomography demonstrated an anterior mediastinal tumor which extended into the right upper lobe. Endoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor which occluded the right upper bronchus. A biopsy specimen obtained from the intraluminal mass was very suggestive of thymoma. The patient had no parathymic syndrome. The tumor was resected with the right upper lobe. The final post-operative tissue findings confirmed a type B2 thymoma of the World Health Organisation classification.展开更多
The collaborative effort of an international research team from the Early Career Psychiatrists section of the World Psychiatry Association has brought about an easy-to-use,quick and stepwise mental health care toolkit...The collaborative effort of an international research team from the Early Career Psychiatrists section of the World Psychiatry Association has brought about an easy-to-use,quick and stepwise mental health care toolkit for the identification and appropriate referral of those in need of mental health care during the pandemic.This simple guide can be applied in the general outpatient setting and is catered for all healthcare professionals,regardless of their expertise within the mental health field with minimal training.It is our hope that by incorporating this toolkit into our daily clinical care during the pandemic for high-risk patients and patients with non-specific complaints,we will be able to bridge the mental health gap present in our society.展开更多
This study was designed to evaluate the QBC ParaLensTM LED fluorescent microscope attachment and the QBC F.A.S.T.TM AFB staining system for the detection of Acid Fast Bacilli in pathological samples in Abidjan, Cote d...This study was designed to evaluate the QBC ParaLensTM LED fluorescent microscope attachment and the QBC F.A.S.T.TM AFB staining system for the detection of Acid Fast Bacilli in pathological samples in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. A total of 50 patients were tested using direct smear specimens with both Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) light microscopy and LED fluorescence microscopy with QBC F.A.S.T. AFB stain. The samples were also cultured and tested using an immunochromatograpic test for detection of antigen MPT 64 and the results were compared to direct examination. ZN light microscopy detected 20 positive cases and LED fluorescent microscopy with QBC F.A.S.T. AFB stain detected 21. The sensitivity and specificity of ZN light microscopy was determined to be 84.2% and 87.1% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LED fluorescent microscopy with QBC F.A.S.T. AFB stain was determined to be 94.7% and 90.3% respectively. Compared to ZN light microscopy, LED fluorescent microscopy with QBC F.A.S.T. AFB stain increased the sensitivity of direct examination without concentration by 10.5%.展开更多
Wiener amalgam spaces are a class of function spaces where the function’s local and global behavior can be easily distinguished. These spaces are ex-tensively used in Harmonic analysis that originated in the work of ...Wiener amalgam spaces are a class of function spaces where the function’s local and global behavior can be easily distinguished. These spaces are ex-tensively used in Harmonic analysis that originated in the work of Wiener. In this paper: we first introduce a two-variable exponent amalgam space (L<sup>q</sup><sup>()</sup>,l<sup>p</sup><sup>()</sup>)(Ω). Secondly, we investigate some basic properties of these spaces, and finally, we study their dual.展开更多
A marked increase in antipsychotic prescriptions has been observed in most countries since the introduction of second-generation antipsychotics. Misuse could partly explain this rise. We described the use of antipsych...A marked increase in antipsychotic prescriptions has been observed in most countries since the introduction of second-generation antipsychotics. Misuse could partly explain this rise. We described the use of antipsychotic medication in France. This retrospective analysis was conducted on the sample “Echantillon généraliste de beneficiaries” from the French National Insurance Healthcare System. All reimbursements for antipsychotic medications in 2010 were identified. Antipsychotics use was described in terms of patient’s profiles and condition of use. In 2010, we identified 11,729 single patients with at least one reimbursement for antipsychotic medication (2.23% of French health insurance beneficiaries). The mean age in the population was 54 (sd 20) years. Forty-one percent had declared psychiatric disorder and 15% had a psychiatric follow-up for unknown diseases. Schizophrenia, others psychosis and personality disorders were the three main diagnoses of psychiatric disease. Patients without declared psychiatric disorders and without psychiatric follow-up accounted for 23% (aged between 15 and 65) and 20% (aged 65 years and over) of the population using antipsychotics. Forty-five percent of patients aged between 15 and 65 had more than 3 months of treatment refunded. Patients aged 65 years and over were 69% without dementia and 47% had more than three months of treatment of antipsychotics refunded during the year. These results suggested that antipsychotic treatments were used in France at long term in particular for patients without declared psychiatric disorder or psychiatric follow-up.展开更多
文摘<strong>Context:</strong> Due to the late referral of the pads to the nephrologist and the lack of medical follow-up, many patients are admitted with complications from kidney disease requiring the urgent start of hemodialysis sessions. <strong>Purpose:</strong> Study the profile of emergency hemodialysis patients in order to ease their management. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out at the Nephrology Department of the Teaching Hospital of Yopougon from January 1st to December 31st, 2016. This study included all patients who had received a first session of hemodialysis in an emergency context. <strong>Results:</strong> We collected 146 patients with an average age of 39.80 ± 14.55 years and a sex ratio of 0.6 for men. Before admission, patients were known as hypertensives (63.9%), followed by CKD (23.9%) and HIV-infected (8.2%). The main clinical signs were hypertension (64.3%), edema (44.5%) and coma (30.1%). Anemia was observed in 97.2% of cases and it was less than 8 g/dl in 57.5%. Kidney failure was chronic in 75.3% and acute in 24.6%. Chronic nephropathies were glomerular (54.1%), vascular (20.5%). The main indications for hemodialysis were encephalopathy (33.5%), severe uremia (28%), acute pulmonary edema (19.8%), persistent anuria (11.6%) and hyperkalemia (5.4%). The vascular approach was a catheter in 97.2% (femoral site in 53.4% and jugular in 43.8% and arteriovenous fistula in 2.7%). Death was observed in 17.8%. In univariate analysis, age > 65 years (p = 0.04), coma (p = 0.004) and acute kidney failure (p = 0.02) were associated with the risk of death, and in multivariate analysis, only coma (p = 0.024, OR = 5.88) seemed to be associated with mortality risk for our patients. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Hemodialysis in an emergency situation is a common practice in the Teaching Hospital of Yopougon and mainly concerns patients with CKD.
文摘Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a rather rare disorder in children and difficult to diagnose. It is generally linked to congenital heart defects or connective-tissue diseases. Our case is a 10-year-old girl admitted in the pediatric emergency care unit on January 19th, 2015 for massive haemoptysis and severe anaemia. Examination revealed severe anemia and a silent left lung. The Chest X-Ray revealed an abnormal mass on the upper left side of the mediastinum, and left lower lobe consolidation. The thoracic CT scan highlighted a 64 mm aneurysm of the subisthmic aorta with a thin 5 mm hole. It also showed pseudocoarctation of the aorta. Treatment in intensive care consisted of blood transfusion and iron supplement. She was due to travel abroad for cardio vascular surgery, but died on November 2016. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in our setting was discovered incidentally. In spite the fact that it is an extreme surgical emergency, in Burkina Faso, treatment can only be possible abroad upon medical evacuation.
文摘Background: Pre-eclampsia has long been considered as a disease that disappears after the removal of the placenta. It has now been shown that its symptoms can persist for months after giving birth. Objectives: To study the evolution of proteinuria and renal function in women with pre-eclampsia. Patients and Methods: An analytical prospective study was carried out in the Hospitalization Unit of the Gynecology Department of the Teaching Hospital of Cocody (Abidjan) from May 3, 2021 to November 15, 2021. It focused on the follow-up of proteinuria and renal function in 50 women who had pre-eclampsia during their pregnancy, in the three months following their delivery. Results: The average age of the patients was 30.38 ± 6 years (range 18 and 40 years). Thirty-two percent were nulliparous and 62% had no risk factors for pre-eclampsia. The diagnosis of pre-eclampsia was made in 52% of cases before 37 weeks of amenorrhea. Sixty-two percent had Grade 3 arte-rial hypertension. The average proteinuria/creatininuria ratio was 3592.08 ± 7009.57 mg/g and 32% of women had glomerular grade proteinuria. The mean serum creatinine was 13.61 ± 12.62 mg/l. AKI (Acute Renal Failure) was present in 30% of women. All patients had received a central antihypertensive drug of which 88% were a calcium channel blocker. For the delivery mode, a Caesarean section was performed in 88% of cases. In the three months postpartum, 40% of women had persistent hypertension, 58% had persistent proteinuria and 6% had persistent impaired renal function. Prematurity (p = 0.0091), IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) (p = 0.0012) and IUFD (intrauterine fetal death) (p = 0.0012) were associated with the persistence of proteinuria at M3 postpartum. Conclusion: Symptoms of pre-eclampsia do not automatically disappear after the delivery. Proteinuria and renal failure can persist beyond three months after the delivery and require treatment by a nephrologist.
文摘Dear Editor,We are much obliged that Hadziselimovic1 has used our data2 to highlight the substantial proportion of boys with cryptorchidism where gonadotropin insufficiency is an important factor related to the pathogenesis.We have recently presented a study on a series of 453 consecutive boys with bilateral nonsyndromic cryptorchidism,in which we conducted hormonal evaluations and assessed germ cell numbers in testicular biopsies.3 In this series,45%of the boys were classified as having gonadotropin insufficiency.3 Identifying these patients at the time of surgery is important.A recent follow-up study of 208 boys with nonsyndromic bilateral cryptorchidism from our department showed that the boys with gonadotropin insufficiency had an impaired fertility potential after surgery compared to boys with an intact hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal feedback mechanism.4 In a review from 2022,Hadziselimovic5 suggested that infertility in patients diagnosed with cryptorchid testes is a consequence of a hormonal deficiency rather than temperature-induced cellular damage.
基金supported by grants from the São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)to ThaináRodrigues(2021/04603-8).
文摘Objectives:Bladder Cancer(BC)is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide,with high rates of mortality and morbidity.It can be classified as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)or muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC),with radical cystectomy being the treatment for MIBC,which significantly reduces quality of life.MicroRNAs(miRs)act as critical genetic regulators,with both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles.MiR-10a is described as a tumor suppressor in various neoplasms,but its role in BC is controversial.This study aims to assess the activity of miR-10a in cellular invasion and proliferation in two distinct BC cell lines.Methods:The study used high-grade T24 and low-grade RT4 bladder cell lines.Cells were transfected with miR-10a mimic or a non-targeting control.Transfection efficiency was validated by qPCR.Cell proliferation was cultured for 10–14 days.Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Matrigel.All assays were conducted in triplicate.Results:The T24 cells transfected with miR-10a presented decreased cellular proliferation and invasion compared to the Scramble(p=0.0481 and p<0.0001,respectively).In the RT4 cell line,there was only a significant reduction in cellular proliferation after miR-10a transfection(p=0.0029).Conclusions:Our findings suggest that miR-10a has a tumoral suppressor role in BC,demonstrating higher efficacy in high-grade cells.
文摘Gastric cancer currently ranks fourth in cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the western world, it is most often diagnosed at an advanced stage, after becoming metastatic at distant sites. Patients with advanced disease(locally advanced or metastatic) have a somber prognosis, with a median overall survival of 10-12 mo, and palliative chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. In recent years, novel approaches using inhibition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) have demonstrated significant improvements in progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in first-line treatment of patients with overexpression of HER2. In addition, both second-line chemotherapy and treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-inhibitor ramucirumab demonstrated significant benefits in terms of overall survival, compared with best supportive care, in randomized studies. Moreover, ramucirumab in combination with chemotherapy demonstrated further significant benefits in terms of progression-free and overall survival, compared with chemotherapy alone, in second-line treatment for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. A recently published molecular classification of gastric cancer is expected to improve patient stratification and selection for clinical trials and provide a roadmap for future drug development. Nevertheless, despite these developments the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer remains poor. In this review we discuss current standards of care and outline major topics of drug development in gastric cancer.
文摘During epididymal transit, spermatozoa acquire new proteins. Some of these newly acquired proteins behave as integral membrane proteins, including glycosylphosphatidylinositol （GPI）-anchored proteins. This suggests that the secreted epididymal proteins are transferred to spermatozoa by an unusual mechanism. Within the epididymal lumen, spermatozoa interact with small membranous vesicles named epididymosomes. Many proteins are associated with epididymosomes and the protein composition of these vesicles varies along the excurrent duct and differs from soluble intraluminal proteins. Some epididymosome-associated proteins have been identified and their functions in sperm maturation hypothesized. These include P25b, a zona pellucida binding protein, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, enzymes of the polyol pathway, HE5/CD52, type 5 glutathione peroxidase, and SPAM 1 or PH-20. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins associated to epididymosomes are complex and some of these proteins are transferred to defined surface domains of epididymal spermatozoa. Epididymosomes collected from different epididymal segments interact differently with spermatozoa. This protein transfer from epididymosomes to spermatozoa is timedependent, temperature-dependent and pH-dependent, and is more efficient in the presence of zinc. Some proteins are segregated to lipid raft domains of epididymosomes and are selectively transferred to raft domains of the sperm plasma membrane. Some evidence is presented showing that epididymosomes are secreted in an apocrine manner by the epididymal epithelial cells. In conclusion, epididymosomes are small membranous vesicles secreted in an apocrine manner in the intraluminal compartment of the epididymis and play a major role in the acquisition of new proteins by the maturing spermatozoa. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 483-491）
文摘In this research, we study the cognitive workload of aircraft pilots during a simulated takeoff procedure. We propose a proof-of-concept setup environment to gather heart rate, pupil dilation, and brain cognitive workload data during an A320 takeoff within a simulator. Experiments were performed during which we collected 136 takeoffs across 13 pilots for more than 9 hours of time-series data. Moreover, this paper investigates the correlations between heart rate, pupil dilation, and cognitive workload during such exercise and found that a spike in cognitive load during a critical moment, such as an engine failure, augments a pilot’s heart rate and pupil dilation. Results show that a critical moment within a takeoff procedure increases a pilot’s cognitive load. Next, we used a stacked-LSTM model to predict cognitive workload 5 seconds into the future. The model was able to produce accurate predictions.
文摘The presence of tetracyclines in soil and surface water is an emerging concern. The present study was undertaken to investigate remediation of tetracylines (tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC)) from aqueous solution using vetiver grass, water lettuce, and sunflower and root exudates of water lettuce, sunflower and from soil by tomato, Indian mustard and carrot plant. The data of this study denote that vetiver grass, water lettuce, sunflower remedy tetracyclines from water. The remediation % after 63 days of treatment was 87-61 for TC;88-68 for OTC and 87-68 for CTC. The remediation of tetracyclines at lower concentration of antibiotics in presence of root exudates of water lettuce and sunflower was more than 99% and remediation was faster than water lettuce or sunflower. The remediation of tetracyclines from aqueous solution may be due to oxidation of-OH group(s) of tetracycline through a process that is thought to involve reactive oxygen intermediates and/or role of peroxidase enzyme. The plant crops viz., tomato, Indian mustard and carrot can remedy 41%-72% of amended tetracyclines. The maximum bioaccumulation of TC and CTC was in Indian mustard and OTC was maximally bioaccumulated in tomato.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11533003,11673006,U1331202,U1931133 and U1938201)the Guangxi Science Foundation(2016GXNSFFA380006,AD17129006and 2018GXNSFGA281007)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB23040000)the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA15052600)financial support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences PIFI post-doctoral fellowship program(program C)financial support of the Univ Earth S Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cité(ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02)
文摘The second(O2)observational campaign of gravitational waves(GWs)organized by the LIGO/Virgo Collaborations has led to several breakthroughs such as the detection of GW signals from merger systems involving black holes or neutrons stars.During O2,14 GW alerts were sent to the astronomical community with sky regions mostly covering over hundreds of square degrees.Among them,six were finally confirmed as real astrophysical events.Since 2013,a new set of ground-based robotic telescopes called Ground-based Wide Angle Camera system(GWAC)project and its pathfinder mini-GWAC has been developed to contribute to the various challenges of multi-messenger and time domain astronomy.The GWAC system is built up in the framework of the ground-segment system of the SVOM mission that will be devoted to the study of the multi-wavelength transient sky in the next decade.During O2,only the mini-GWAC telescope network was fully operational.Due to the wide field of view and fast automatic follow-up capabilities of the mini-GWAC telescopes,they were adept to efficiently cover the sky localization areas of GW event candidates.In this paper,we present the mini-GWAC pipeline we have set up to respond to GW alerts and we report our optical follow-up observations of eight GW alerts detected during the O2 run.Our observations provided the largest coverage of the GW localization areas with a short latency made by any optical facility.We found tens of optical transient candidates in our images,but none of those could be securely associated with any confirmed black hole-black hole merger event.Based on this first experience and the near future technical improvements of our network system,we will be more competitive in detecting the optical counterparts from some GW events that will be identified during the upcoming O3 run,especially those emerging from binary neutron star mergers.
文摘In this work,a Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)(CZTS)ingot is grown via a melting method,then cooled;the resulting molten stoichiomet-ric mixture is sealed off in a quartz ampoule under vacuum.The CZTS powder chemical composition analyses are determined us-ing energy dispersive spectroscopy,and revealing the slightly Cu-rich and Zn-poor character of the ingot.Powder X-ray diffrac-tion analysis reveals a crystalline structure with a kesterite phase formation,and a preferred orientation of(112)plane.The lat-tice constants of the a-and c-axes,calculated based on the XRD analyses,are a=5.40Åand c=10.84Å.Based on Hall measure-ments at room temperature,we find that the crystal exhibits p-type conductivity,with a high concentration of 1018 cm^(-3),a res-istivity of 1.7Ωcm,and a mobility of 10.69 cm^(2)V-1s-1.Activation energies are estimated based on an Arrhenius plot of conductiv-ity versus 1/T,for a temperature range of 80-350 K,measuring 35 and 160 meV in low-and high-temperature regimes,respect-ively,which is attributed to complex defects(2CuZn+SnZn)and antisite defects(CuZn),respectively.The observed scattering mech-anisms are attributed to ionized impurities and acoustic phonons at low and high temperatures,respectively.The extracted band-gap is 1.37 eV.
文摘We consider the AB-(Bernal) stacking for the bi-layer graphene (BLG) system and assume that a perpendicular electric field is created by the external gates deposited on the BLG surface. In the basis (A1, B2, A2, B1) for the valleyKand the basis (B2, A1, B1, A2) for the valley K′, we show the occurrence of trigonal warping [1], that is, splitting of the energy bands or the density of states on the kx - ky plane into four pockets comprising of the central part and three legs due to a (skew) interlayer hopping between A1 and B2. The hopping between A1 - B2 leads to a concurrent velocity v3 in addition to the Fermi velocity vF. Our noteworthy outcome is that the above-mentioned topological change, referred to as the Lifshitz transition [2, 3], is entirely bias-tunable. Furthermore, the many-body effects, which is known to yield logarithmic renormalizations [4] in the band dispersions of monolayer graphene, is found to have significant effect on the bias-tunability of this transition. We also consider a variant of the system where the A atoms of the two layers are over each other and the B atoms of the layers are displaced with respect to each other. The Fermi energy density of statesfor zero bias corresponds to the inverted sombrero-like structure. The structure is found to get deformed due to the increase in the bias.
文摘Concentrations of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni were determined in the red alga Corallina officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), the green alga Ulva lactuca (Linnaeus, 1753) and sediment sampled in four stations of the coastline of Hona?ne (extreme Western Algeria). The abundance of metal concentrations in algae and sediment samples, is in the following order: Fe > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. The schematic representation by PCA reflects a strong correlation of the corallina with Cd and Pb, the ulva with Zn and Ni and sediment with Cu and Fe, in addition, to homogeneity of rehearsals in each matrix. The results of this study validate the use of these species as reliable tools for biomonitoring of metal pollution of coastal ecosystems, even if the levels of heavy metals in sediment and algae from the coastline of Hona?ne are in general, very low compared with those from other geographic areas and by guidelines.
基金financially supported by the University Hospital of Copenhagen,Rigshospitalet,the Danish Child Cancer Foundation(2021-7395)Vissing Fonden(519140 AHO/PPT)the Research Fund between Rigshospitalet and Odense University Hospital(136-A5544).
文摘This study assessed the feasibility of testis tissue cryopreservation (TTC) for fertility preservation in prepubescent boys with cryptorchidism. From January 2014 to December 2022, the University Hospital of Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark) implemented TTC for 56 boys with cryptorchidism to preserve their reproductive potential. Testis tissue samples were collected during orchiopexy (32 cases) or at subsequent follow-up procedures (24 cases), necessitated by an increased risk of infertility as indicated by hormonal assessments and/or findings from initial surgical biopsies. Testis samples were procured for TTC and pathological analysis. The cohort had an average age of 1.3 (range: 0.3–3.8) years at the time of orchiopexy, with 91.1% presenting bilateral cryptorchidism. The study revealed a median germ cell count of 0.39 (range: 0–2.88) per seminiferous tubule, with germ cells detected in 98.0% of the bilateral biopsies and 100% of the unilateral, indicating a substantial potential for fertility in these immature tissues. A dark spermatogonia (Ad) was detected in 37 out of 56 patients evaluated, with a median Ad spermatogonia count of 0.027 (range: 0.002–0.158) per seminiferous tubule. A total of 30.2% of the samples lacked Ad spermatogonia, indicative of potential gonadotrophin insufficiency. The median hormone levels measured were as follows: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at 0.69 (range: 0.16–2.5) U l−1, luteinizing hormone (LH) at 0.21 (range: 0.05–3.86) U l−1, and inhibin B at 126 (range: 17–300) pg ml−1. Despite early orchiopexy, 20%–25% of boys with cryptorchidism remain at risk for future infertility, substantiating the necessity of TTC as a precaution. The study highlights the need for refined predictive techniques to identify boys at higher risk of future infertility.
文摘Sustainability is popularly defined as meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Social, economic and environmental parameters are most commonly accepted as the three pillars of sustainability. In this paper, various sustainability indicators have been identified during the construction stage for elevated transportation corridors and thereafter classified under various categories. Using fuzzy VIKOR technique, sustainability evaluation of transportation corridors is made on two selected project sites of two different government organizations using various identified sustainability indicators, i.e., a 3.2-km long elevated road project under construction from Vikaspuri to Meerabagh in West Delhi by PWD （Public Works Department） and the metro rail elevated corridor （part） from Punjabi Bagh to Mayapuri as a part of Phase 3, Line 7 by DMRC （Delhi Metro Rail Corporation）. The study is made at both sites in the midst of the construction period and it is identified that during the construction stage, the sustainability of these transportation corridors is just not limited to three pillars, but in actuality, it is much beyond that. From the study, it is inferred that the metro rail elevated corridor is a more sustainable corridor, in the context of the identified sustainability indicators.
文摘Thymomas are the most common neoplasms of the mediastinum. It is common that thymoma invades neighboring structures in the thorax, but direct polypoid tumor growth into the airway is extremely rare. We report a rare case of invasive thymoma with polypoid endobronchial growth in a 66-year-old woman. Computed tomography demonstrated an anterior mediastinal tumor which extended into the right upper lobe. Endoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor which occluded the right upper bronchus. A biopsy specimen obtained from the intraluminal mass was very suggestive of thymoma. The patient had no parathymic syndrome. The tumor was resected with the right upper lobe. The final post-operative tissue findings confirmed a type B2 thymoma of the World Health Organisation classification.
文摘The collaborative effort of an international research team from the Early Career Psychiatrists section of the World Psychiatry Association has brought about an easy-to-use,quick and stepwise mental health care toolkit for the identification and appropriate referral of those in need of mental health care during the pandemic.This simple guide can be applied in the general outpatient setting and is catered for all healthcare professionals,regardless of their expertise within the mental health field with minimal training.It is our hope that by incorporating this toolkit into our daily clinical care during the pandemic for high-risk patients and patients with non-specific complaints,we will be able to bridge the mental health gap present in our society.
文摘This study was designed to evaluate the QBC ParaLensTM LED fluorescent microscope attachment and the QBC F.A.S.T.TM AFB staining system for the detection of Acid Fast Bacilli in pathological samples in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. A total of 50 patients were tested using direct smear specimens with both Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) light microscopy and LED fluorescence microscopy with QBC F.A.S.T. AFB stain. The samples were also cultured and tested using an immunochromatograpic test for detection of antigen MPT 64 and the results were compared to direct examination. ZN light microscopy detected 20 positive cases and LED fluorescent microscopy with QBC F.A.S.T. AFB stain detected 21. The sensitivity and specificity of ZN light microscopy was determined to be 84.2% and 87.1% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LED fluorescent microscopy with QBC F.A.S.T. AFB stain was determined to be 94.7% and 90.3% respectively. Compared to ZN light microscopy, LED fluorescent microscopy with QBC F.A.S.T. AFB stain increased the sensitivity of direct examination without concentration by 10.5%.
文摘Wiener amalgam spaces are a class of function spaces where the function’s local and global behavior can be easily distinguished. These spaces are ex-tensively used in Harmonic analysis that originated in the work of Wiener. In this paper: we first introduce a two-variable exponent amalgam space (L<sup>q</sup><sup>()</sup>,l<sup>p</sup><sup>()</sup>)(Ω). Secondly, we investigate some basic properties of these spaces, and finally, we study their dual.
文摘A marked increase in antipsychotic prescriptions has been observed in most countries since the introduction of second-generation antipsychotics. Misuse could partly explain this rise. We described the use of antipsychotic medication in France. This retrospective analysis was conducted on the sample “Echantillon généraliste de beneficiaries” from the French National Insurance Healthcare System. All reimbursements for antipsychotic medications in 2010 were identified. Antipsychotics use was described in terms of patient’s profiles and condition of use. In 2010, we identified 11,729 single patients with at least one reimbursement for antipsychotic medication (2.23% of French health insurance beneficiaries). The mean age in the population was 54 (sd 20) years. Forty-one percent had declared psychiatric disorder and 15% had a psychiatric follow-up for unknown diseases. Schizophrenia, others psychosis and personality disorders were the three main diagnoses of psychiatric disease. Patients without declared psychiatric disorders and without psychiatric follow-up accounted for 23% (aged between 15 and 65) and 20% (aged 65 years and over) of the population using antipsychotics. Forty-five percent of patients aged between 15 and 65 had more than 3 months of treatment refunded. Patients aged 65 years and over were 69% without dementia and 47% had more than three months of treatment of antipsychotics refunded during the year. These results suggested that antipsychotic treatments were used in France at long term in particular for patients without declared psychiatric disorder or psychiatric follow-up.
