A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during ...A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.展开更多
Elaeagnaceae Juss. belongs to the family Elaeagnus L. and Shepherdia Nutt. This study aims at the significance and vegetative reproduction of species of the family (Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. and Shepherdia canadens...Elaeagnaceae Juss. belongs to the family Elaeagnus L. and Shepherdia Nutt. This study aims at the significance and vegetative reproduction of species of the family (Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.) in the national economy. The trials were carried out in the experimental site of SamSU’s Botanic Garden, which is named after Sharof Rashidov. The study’s findings are based on the results obtained by planting cuttings of S. canadensis and E. macrophylla species of varying sizes and durations, as well as the cuttings’ roots and the impacts of growth chemicals.展开更多
Lianas are distributed as ornamental, perennial plants that are widely used in landscaping and popular all over the world. However, in recent times, ornamental lianas have also been used for vertical landscaping in re...Lianas are distributed as ornamental, perennial plants that are widely used in landscaping and popular all over the world. However, in recent times, ornamental lianas have also been used for vertical landscaping in residential buildings. Today, many lianas occupy a leading position among plants, due to their landscape features, such as the colorfulness of flowers, the variety of leaf shapes, and their aroma. The practice of growing flowers in Uzbekistan dates back to ancient times. Floriculture came to our republic through the Great Silk Road from China, Egypt, and India. Because of this, ornamental plants have been widely used for landscaping in cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Shahrisabz, Kokand, and Margilan. Nowadays, perennial lianas are planted on the grounds of the Botanical Garden at Samarkand State University, and collections of these plants have been created. The garden area contains various species of lianas, including Lonicera japonica Thunb, Clematis florida Thunb, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern) Fritsch, Hedera spiral L, Hedera canariensis Willd, Campsis radicans L, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A.Chev.), Humulus lupulus L, Aristolochia clematitis L, and several varieties of Rosa canina L. such as Golden Celebration, Paprika, Aspirin, Burgund, and Rosarium Uetersen.展开更多
Coarse woody debris(CWD) plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems by supporting habitat complexity and influencing soil properties.This study investigates the effects of CWD on gastropod d...Coarse woody debris(CWD) plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems by supporting habitat complexity and influencing soil properties.This study investigates the effects of CWD on gastropod diversity within managed spruce(Picea abies) forests in the Czech Republic,comparing results to nearby nature reserves(NRs).Gastropod species richness and composition were evaluated at both plot(50 m×50 m) and mesohabitat scales across gradients of CWD and beech(Fagus sylvatica) tree representation.Our results indicate significantly reduced species richness in managed forests(median 7 species per plot) compared to NRs(median15 species),attributed to lower soil pH,calcium availability,and moisture due to the dominance of spruce and the limited availability of CWD.Species richness was positively influenced by CWD volume,with two amounts identified:a minimum of 4 m^(3)·ha^(-1) to prevent significant biodiversity loss and 20 m^(3)·ha^(-1)to support sensitive and dendrophile species.At the within-plot scale,CWD was the species richest mesohabitat,playing a particularly important role in acidic and nutrient-poor environments.Furthermore,beech basal area positively correlated with species richness,mitigating the negative impact of spruce.The findings highlight the critical need for changes in forest management,including increased retention of CWD and integration of deciduous trees,to support biodiversity in intensively managed forests.These measures are particularly urgent given the susceptibility of spruce monocultures to climate change and pest outbreaks.Gastropods,as sessile indicators of environmental change,may serve as effective umbrella species for conservation efforts targeting forest soil biodiversity.展开更多
A tree's basal area(BA)and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specifc patterns.Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to...A tree's basal area(BA)and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specifc patterns.Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to climate change,rising CO_(2) levels,and/or changes in forest management.We analyzed 9,214 cores from nine conifer and 11 broadleaf species grown in managed mixed-species stands in the upper Midwest to quantify how well diameter(diameter at breast height(DBH))serves to predict BA growth and above-ground wood and carbon(C).These samples include many large trees.We ft mixed models to predict BA growth and above-ground biomass/C from diameter,tree height,and the BA of nearby trees while controlling for site effects.Models account for 55%–83%of the variance in log(recent growth),improving predictions over earlier models.Growth-diameter scaling exponents covary with certain leaf and stem(but not wood)functional traits,reflecting growth strategies.LogBA increment scales linearly with log(diameter)as trees grow bigger in 16/20 species and growth actually accelerates in Quercus rubra L.Three other species plateau in growth.Growth only decelerates in red pine,Pinus resinosa Ait.Growth in whole-tree,above-ground biomass,and C accelerate even more strongly with diameter(mean exponent:2.08 vs.1.30 for BA growth).Sustained BA growth and accelerating wood/C growth contradict the common assumption that tree growth declines in bigger trees.Yield tables and silvicultural guidelines should be updated to reflect these current relationships.Such revisions will favor delaying harvests in many managed stands to increase wood production and enhance ecosystem values including C fxation and storage.Further research may resolve the relative roles of thinning,climatic conditions,nitrogen inputs,and rising CO2 levels on changing patterns of tree growth.展开更多
Although metabolic homeostasis disruption,cellular damage,and premature senescence caused by salinity stress are well-documented in the literature,there are few studies investigating cytological changes induced by sal...Although metabolic homeostasis disruption,cellular damage,and premature senescence caused by salinity stress are well-documented in the literature,there are few studies investigating cytological changes induced by salinity stress within the altered metabolic landscape of rice,and this study aims to fill that gap.The cytological characterization of root tips(in terms of mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness,laggards,fragments,bridges,micronuclei,ring chromosomes,and total mitotic abnormalities)was conducted on 10 experimental rice landraces from coastal Bangladesh,grown under post-imbibitional salinity stress(PISS),while correlating these changes with their metabolic status.The results revealed a strong correlation between salinity-induced cytological changes in root cells(mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities)and the redox interactome status of all experimental rice landraces.The landraces Kutepatnai,Talmugur,Nonakochi,and Benapol,which exhibited a higher ability to mitigate PISS-induced chromosomal abnormalities and improve mitotic index,also showed lower accumulation of oxidative stress markers(protein carbonylation,lipid peroxidation,prooxidant accumulation,oxidative stress index,reactive oxygen species(ROS)-antioxidative stress index,and efficiency of ROS processing via the Halliwell-Asada pathway)compared with more susceptible landraces(Charobalam,Jotaibalam,Kachra,and Lalmota).These findings underscore the role of redox biology in preventing chromotoxic effects under salinity stress.Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis,used to determine variations and similarities among the experimental rice landraces based on cytological attributes,redox interactome,and physiological phenotypes,classified the landraces according to their salinity tolerance and sensitivity.This study proposes a novel approach for exploring redox-regulated cytological fingerprints as a tool for identifying salinity-tolerant rice landraces.展开更多
Cellular communication is required for the normal function and maintenance of homeostasis.The extracellular communications are mediated by cell surface receptors,which transmit signals for various cell functions.Cell ...Cellular communication is required for the normal function and maintenance of homeostasis.The extracellular communications are mediated by cell surface receptors,which transmit signals for various cell functions.Cell defense also relies on distinguishing between self and non-self.The integrins belong to the transmembrane receptors family and serve a crucial function in cell-extracellular adhesion and cell–cell signaling.The cell surface integrin-associated protein,or CD47,is an important integrin regulator and performs an array of functions.The CD47 interacts with the signal regulatory proteinα(SIRPα)and regulates adhesion,apoptosis,phagocytosis,proliferation,metabolism,activation,hematopoietic stem cell migration,and malignancies.The CD47 expression is increased in tumor cells to escape immune response.The anti-CD47 antibodies have shown promising therapeutic strategies in various clinical trials in the treatment of hematologic and solid tumors.In the current review,we discussed multifunctional roles,molecular mechanisms,and therapeutic strategies of tumors by utilizing CD47/SIRPαinteractions.展开更多
The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse ef...The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse effects of abiotic stresses are increasing due to fluctuations in climate change.Several abiotic stresses(salinity,drought,water logging,minerals deficiency,temperature extremities and heavy metals)are reducing the overall productivity of crops.Therefore,the application of different management approaches,i.e.,phytohormones,nanoparticles,organic amendments,microbes and molecular aspects are effective for the mitigation of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.The aim of the present review was to explore the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to lessen the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.Fruit crops are important sources of minerals and vitamins.ZnO-NPs could improve the tolerance mechanism of fruit crops by reducing oxidative harm.Moreover,these are involved in boosting the antioxidant properties of fruit trees.Regular formation of photosynthetic pigments involved in the regulation of the photosynthesis process through ZnO-NPs applications under adverse conditions.Their use can contribute to the regulation of several metabolic processes that occur in plants subjected to abiotic stresses.The disturbances in photosynthetic pigments,irregular metabolic processes and generation of toxic substances are causing stunted growth,low yield and poor fruit quality.Hence,the application of ZnO-NPs is important for the sustainable production of fruit crops by improving seedlings’growth and fruit quality via activation of the plant defense system.However,higher concentration of nanoparticles results in growth inhibition and poor yield due to cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and genotoxicity.Therefore,nanoparticle interaction with fruit crops needs more consideration at the epigenetic level for the mitigation of multiple stresses.展开更多
The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model th...The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model that simultaneously analyzes data from multiple environments to detect Q × E interactions. This model incorporates two different kinship matrices derived from the genome-wide markers to control both main and interaction polygenic background effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that our approach is more powerful than the meta-analysis and inclusive composite interval mapping methods. We further analyze four agronomic traits of rice across four environments. A main effect QTL is identified for 1000-grain weight(KGW), while no QTL are found for tiller number. Additionally, a large QTL with a significant Q × E interaction is detected on chromosome 7 affecting grain number, yield, and KGW. This region harbors two important genes, PROG1 and Ghd7. Furthermore, we apply our mixed model to analyze lodging in barley across six environments. The six regions exhibiting Q × E interaction effects identified by our approach overlap with the SNPs previously identified using EM and MCMC-based Bayesian methods, further validating the robustness of our approach. Both simulation studies and empirical data analyses show that our method outperforms all other methods compared.展开更多
【Objective】Jatropha curcas is a potential source of biodiesel plant grown on waste and unattended lands,and parts of the areas are often suffered from flooding.The present study was conducted to develop a model to c...【Objective】Jatropha curcas is a potential source of biodiesel plant grown on waste and unattended lands,and parts of the areas are often suffered from flooding.The present study was conducted to develop a model to calculate the net CO_(2)assimilation rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance with respect to leaf position,which affect the J.curcas productivity under soil flooding.【Method】The process of developing mathematical models for physiological responses associated with parameterization,optimization and validation.The concept was applied for the calculation of net CO 2 assimilation rate from transpiration rate and stomatal conductance,transpiration rate from net CO_(2)assimilation rate and stomatal conductance,and stomatal conductance from net CO_(2)assimilation rate and transpiration rate in different leaf positions of J.curcas.The models were tested under soil flooding and normal conditions to suffice its wider applicability.A model was proposed to calculate net CO 2 assimilation rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance responses from a known set of response function data by calculating a transformation characteristic constant between any two possible paired response functions.【Result】The mean deviations and root mean square errors(RMSE)of calculated physiological responses were low,which validated the proposed hypothesis and statistical models.The approach was applied for modeling physiological responses successfully in J.curcas.RMSE ranged from1.69%to 11.17%when transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were transformed to net CO_(2)assimilation rate,and from 1.70%to 11.61%in case net CO_(2)assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were transformed to transpiration rate,and from 3.87%to 13.21%if net CO_(2)assimilation rate and transpiration rate were transformed to stomatal conductance,respectively.【Conclusion】The model can be useful for calculating cumulative responses under different conditions from a basic known set of data.The key to successful physiological models is finding the better options that are realistic,easy to understand,interpretative and practical between adherence to reality,comprehensibility,interpretative value,and practical usefulness on sustainable agriculture in years to come.展开更多
The genus Lilium comprises 119 taxa,primarily native to temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere,extending to the northern Philippines.In this study,we report the first occurrence of Lilium candidum L.i...The genus Lilium comprises 119 taxa,primarily native to temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere,extending to the northern Philippines.In this study,we report the first occurrence of Lilium candidum L.in Morocco,specifically in the jbel Sidi Ali El Jawzi area,within the territorial commune of Asjen,Ouezzane Province(Pre-Rif region).During a botanical survey conducted in May 2022,a population of L.candidum was identified,marking its first recorded presence in the country.Morphological characteristics were analyzed and compared with existing descriptions in the literature to confirm species identification.The species was found in a humid microclimate with calcareous soils,suggesting specific ecological requirements that facilitated its establishment.This unexpected discovery raises several questions regarding its biogeographical history,potential introduction pathways,and adaptation mechanisms in the Moroccan environment.Given its limited distribution and ecological specificity,its conservation status should be carefully evaluated,as human activities,habitat disturbance,and climate change may pose significant threats.Further studies,including genetic analyses and ecological monitoring,are needed to determine its origin,assess population stability,and establish conservation strategies.The presence of L.candidum in the Pre-Rif region expands the known distribution of the species and highlights the importance of continuous botanical exploration in North Africa,particularly in understudied mountainous ecosystems.展开更多
Functional traits are characteristics associated with the growth,reproduction,and survival of individuals.Studying them helps us understand how species traits drive ecosystem functioning.Thus,we evaluated the differen...Functional traits are characteristics associated with the growth,reproduction,and survival of individuals.Studying them helps us understand how species traits drive ecosystem functioning.Thus,we evaluated the differences in traits and functional diversity between forest edges and interiors,and how the inclusion of intraspecific trait variation affects the assessment of functional diversity in these habitats.We sampled 10 representative forest patches,and,in each patch,we established five plots on the edge and five inside the forest,collecting leaf functional traits,allometric and wood density for all species.We assessed functional diversity using functional richness(FRic),divergence(FDiv),and dispersion(FDis).To assess the impact of incorporating intraspecific variation when comparing trait values and functional diversity indices,we established two scenarios:one that excludes intraspecific variation and another that includes it.We found that the edge and interior harbor individuals with distinct functional traits that alleviate the inherent stress of each habitat.The edge was also found to be more selective in terms of the range of functional traits,resulting in lower functional diversity.Our findings demonstrated that habitats play an important role in intraspecific trait variation(ITV)and that statistically significant differences between habitats,in relation to traits and functional diversity,were better observed with the inclusion of intraspecific variation.Our study highlights the potential of using natural forest patches to understand the edge effect,regardless of habitat loss.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of incorporating ITV into functional diversity studies,especially those on a smaller scale that incorporate quantitative variables,to better understand and predict ecological patterns.展开更多
Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has ...Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has been framed to document the patterns of species richness and diversity in the state of Himachal Pradesh,western Himalaya.A total of six treeline sites(three disturbed and three undisturbed)were identified for vegetation sampling.Trees,shrubs,and herbs were sampled at each site using nested plots of 10 m^(2),5 m^(2),and 1 m^(2),respectively.The study exhibits the rich diversity of treeline communities,the patterns of which varied between treeline sites.Altogether,221 species of vascular plants belonging to 47 families and 140 genera were recorded from the area.Amongst families,Asteraceae was the dominant family followed by Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae.The study also revealed the presence of threatened species like Aconitum heterophyllum,Angelica glauca,Bergenia stracheyi,Dactylorhiza hatagirea,Picrorhiza kurroa,and Trillium govanianum etc.at treeline.Moreover,species composition revealed high densities of Betula utilis followed by the under canopy of Rhododendron campanulatum and R.anthopogon at treeline sites.Overall,species richness of herbs,shrubs,and trees were higher at undisturbed site as compared to disturbed one.The diversity indices of herbs and shrubs varied significantly between treeline sites while that of trees was non-significant.At the same time,soil properties showed distinct patterns wherein pH and available nitrogen significantly varied between treeline sites.Present study provides detailed insights into the floristic and ecological aspects of treeline communities from the unexplored ecoregion of western Himalaya.The treelines in the area are anthropogenically depressed and continued land-use activities might result in habitat fragmentation and displacement of plant communities in the near future.展开更多
Gebel Katrina,located in the Saint Catherine Protectorate of South Sinai(Egypt),is a biologically rich area with diverse plant communities shaped by factors such as elevation,slope,soil type,and precipitation.This stu...Gebel Katrina,located in the Saint Catherine Protectorate of South Sinai(Egypt),is a biologically rich area with diverse plant communities shaped by factors such as elevation,slope,soil type,and precipitation.This study was designed to examine the vegetation structure,update the occurrence of endemic taxa,and investigate the impact of environmental conditions and landform types on plant disruption in the region.The primary objective of this study was to analyze the behavior and distribution of the most common species across major environmental gradients.Between 2022 and 2024,49 stands were randomly collected within the study area characterized by relatively uniform vegetation and physiography and represent as much as possible the four major landform types(terraces,slopes,ridges,and gorges).The selected stands were distributed as follows:terraces(12 stands),slopes(9 stands),ridges(9 stands),and gorges(19 stands).For the analysis of the biological spectrum,a growth-form system with four categories was utilized:trees(T),shrubs(S),perennial herbs(PH),and annual herbs(A).Soil analyses were conducted for composite samples from the 49 stands.For each recorded species,nativity,species diversity measurements,endemism,and IUCN conservation status were depicted.Multivariate analysis techniques were used to assess the classification of the 49 stands in various landforms,and ordination with soil variables were applied using different software.A total of 137 taxa were recorded from Gebel Katrina area belonging to 39 families(1 Pteridaceae,1 Ephedraceae,and 37 Angiospermae),of which 16 were endemics,which indicates the mountain's significance as a biodiversity hotspot.Of these endemic taxa,nine were classified as Endangered(EN)and four as Least Concern(LC),together accounting for over 80%of the endemic flora.The largest angiosperm families with the highest numbers of species included Asteraceae,Lamiaceae,Poaceae,Brassicaceae,Caryophyllaceae and Fabaceae.These six families constituted more than 30%of the recorded flora.Shrubs and perennial herbs were the predominant growth forms,collectively comprising over 70%of the total flora.Native taxa comprised the dominant component of the recorded flora,accounting for 80 species(58.4%of the total).In contrast,non-native taxa were limited to two annual grasses.Analysis of IUCN Red List proportions revealed a predominance of EN taxa,accounting for 52 taxa(37.9%),followed by Least Concern(LC)taxa with 36 taxa(26.3%).Together,these two categories constituted over 60%of the total assessed flora.Hierarchical cluster analysis of a presence/absence data matrix(49 stands×91 species after removal of species with occurrences<5%),using the Sørensen(Bray-Curtis)method,identified eight distinct vegetation clusters.Each cluster is characterized by one or more dominant species,distinguished by their highest percentage of occurrence(f)within their respective group.Apart from soil reaction(pH)and diversity indices(species richness and Shannon’s index),ANOVA test showed high significant differences in most of the measured environmental variables among the obtained cluster groups(A-H).Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)showed direct correlations between the 7 examined environmental variables and plant species composition in Gebel Katrina.The eight cluster groups were separated along axes 1 and 2 of the diagram.The species-environment correlations were high for the three axes explaining 63.0%of the cumulative variance.The stands of groups(E)and(G)were correlated with coarse sand,stands of group(B)were highly correlated with electric conductivity(EC),and stands of group(F)were correlated with elevation.The endemic flora of Gebel Katrina faces multiple anthropogenic and environmental threats.Overgrazing by livestock,excessive harvesting of plants for fuelwood and traditional medicinal uses,and habitat degradation due to land-use changes have led to significant depletion of vegetation cover and biodiversity loss.展开更多
Background:The Swegali Valley in the Swat District is notable for its diverse range of plant species.Livestock plays a vital role in the development of human civilization,and similar to human disease treatments plants...Background:The Swegali Valley in the Swat District is notable for its diverse range of plant species.Livestock plays a vital role in the development of human civilization,and similar to human disease treatments plants are utilized as remedies for a variety of domestic animals.Methods:The present study was carried out to record ethnoveterinary knowledge of the local plants that are being used by the people of Swegalai Valley,Swat,Pakistan.One hundred and thirty-five residents were interviewed using a questionnaire.The data were analyzed by applying quantitative formulas,like,used value(UV),relative frequency of citations(RFCs),fidelity level value(FL)%,consensus index(CI)%,and informant consensus factor(FIC).Results:Throughout the current study,47 plants belonging to 31 families are presented;these plants have been widely used as an ethnoveterinary medicine to treat various livestock ailments.Medicinal plants with high used values were Acacia nilotica L.(UV=0.791),and Ajuga bracteosa(0.782).Using RFCs values,the most valued and cited medicinal plant species used by people for livestock disorders are A.nilotica(RFCs=0.628),and A.bracteosa(0.616).Similarly,the highest values were also found for the same plant species using CI percentage;these were for ;A.nilotica L.(CI%=84.331),followed by A.bracteosa(83.221%).The highest fidelity level was for A.nilotica(FL%=100),A.bracteosa(95.341%),Allium cepa(88.344%),A.sativum(85.311%),Aloe vera(84.25%),Artemisia scoparia(83.101%),Berberis lycium(80.451%).The informant consensus factor(FIC)ranged from 0.782 to 1.The maximum FIC values for various diseases were;bovine mastitis,anti-helminthic,eye diseases,bloat and stomachic,fracture pain,pediculosis,rheumatism,and vermifuge.Conclusion:We concluded that the people of Swegalai deeply rely on medicinal plants to treat various livestock ailments.Ethnic information also provides a framework for further phytochemical investigations.Since this useful knowledge is being lost forever due to rapid socio-economic,technological,and environmental change,recording ethnoveterinary activities in the study area was therefore very important.Thus,the people of the study area must implement in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies to ensure the sustainable utilization of these species.展开更多
The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and...The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and toxicity in plants.This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid(CA)and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars(07001;07002)of mung bean(Vigna radiata).The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 lead chloride(PbCl_(2))solution,mg⋅L-1with or without the addition of 300 CA or 500 DTPA,until maturity.The exposure of plants to Pb mg⋅L^(-1) mg⋅L^(-1) stress increased the accumulation of Pb in roots(49%of control),stems(58%of control),leaves(67%of control),and seeds(61%of control).Maximum accumulation of Pb was observed in roots and the least accumulation was found in seeds of both mung bean cultivars.The extent of Pb accumulation in different plant parts correlated positively with Pb toxicity and reduced growth of both mung bean cultivars(33%to 40%).The cultivar cv 07001 was more susceptible to Pb stress.The addition of CA and DTPA increased the accumulation of Pb in plant parts of mung bean cultivars-phytoextraction(10.8%to 21.5%).However,the addition of CA partitioned Pb in vegetative parts,i.e.,root,stem thus mitigated the toxic effects of Pb on the growth of mung bean cultivars(6.25%–10.5%).In contrast,the addition of DTPA had adverse effects on the growth of mung bean cultivars.The addition of CA facilitated a greater uptake and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorous,and potassium in the roots and leaves of mung bean cultivars.In addition,CA also improved the photosynthetic pigments(11%–14%)and photosynthetic rate(5%–12%)under both control and Pb stress conditions.The ameliorative effect of CA on the photosynthetic capacity of mung bean cultivars was likely associated with photosynthetic metabolic factors rather than stomatal factors.Furthermore,cv 07002 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress and showed better performance in CA application.Overall,the application of CA demonstrated significant potential as a chelating agent for remediating Pb-contaminated soil.展开更多
Seed to soil contact is critical for successful germination and establishment.The seed coat micromorphology is a stable trait that has contributed significant information to the phylogenetic classification of angiospe...Seed to soil contact is critical for successful germination and establishment.The seed coat micromorphology is a stable trait that has contributed significant information to the phylogenetic classification of angiosperms.Seed morphology refers to the physical characteristics of seeds,such as their size,shape,color,texture,and structure.The characteristics can vary greatly among different plant species and can provide important information about the plants'life cycle,ecological requirements,and evolutionary history.The aim of this work was to describe the 34 species representing 23 botanical families that were collected to study the micromorphological features of seeds from Khaplu and Skardu mountainous area.Seed shape,color,and texture were observed under a light and scanning microscope and stereo microscope.Micromorphological and ultrastructural data have proved useful in determining seed plant evolution,classification,ecology,and phylogeny.Seed shapes varied from elliptic,oblong,ovate,pyramidal,and spherical.Surface sculpturing varied from rugulate,negative reticulate,reticulate,foveolate,granular and striated.The seed size varied enormously from very minute Matricaria chamomilla 0.33 mm×0.06 mm to very large seed Elaeagnus angustifolia 13.76 mm×4.70 mm.Epicuticular projections,anticlinal wall,periclinal wall,wall ornamentation,and seed texture were also studied under scanning electron microscopy.Most of the seed colors were brown and black except Carthamus tinctorius which exhibits creamy white color.A principal component analysis was used to identify the most outliers in seed micromorphology and provide a significant explanation.A taxonomic key based on micromorphological features has been constructed to assist botanists in identifying species and genera,and to support the conservation of seed bank resources.展开更多
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for funding the publication of this work(Project number:KFU250560).
文摘A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.
文摘Elaeagnaceae Juss. belongs to the family Elaeagnus L. and Shepherdia Nutt. This study aims at the significance and vegetative reproduction of species of the family (Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.) in the national economy. The trials were carried out in the experimental site of SamSU’s Botanic Garden, which is named after Sharof Rashidov. The study’s findings are based on the results obtained by planting cuttings of S. canadensis and E. macrophylla species of varying sizes and durations, as well as the cuttings’ roots and the impacts of growth chemicals.
文摘Lianas are distributed as ornamental, perennial plants that are widely used in landscaping and popular all over the world. However, in recent times, ornamental lianas have also been used for vertical landscaping in residential buildings. Today, many lianas occupy a leading position among plants, due to their landscape features, such as the colorfulness of flowers, the variety of leaf shapes, and their aroma. The practice of growing flowers in Uzbekistan dates back to ancient times. Floriculture came to our republic through the Great Silk Road from China, Egypt, and India. Because of this, ornamental plants have been widely used for landscaping in cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Shahrisabz, Kokand, and Margilan. Nowadays, perennial lianas are planted on the grounds of the Botanical Garden at Samarkand State University, and collections of these plants have been created. The garden area contains various species of lianas, including Lonicera japonica Thunb, Clematis florida Thunb, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern) Fritsch, Hedera spiral L, Hedera canariensis Willd, Campsis radicans L, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A.Chev.), Humulus lupulus L, Aristolochia clematitis L, and several varieties of Rosa canina L. such as Golden Celebration, Paprika, Aspirin, Burgund, and Rosarium Uetersen.
基金fnancially supported by the Czech Science Foundation(P504/23-05132S)by the Masaryk University Institutional Grant for Doctoral Students(MUNI/A/1667/2024).
文摘Coarse woody debris(CWD) plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems by supporting habitat complexity and influencing soil properties.This study investigates the effects of CWD on gastropod diversity within managed spruce(Picea abies) forests in the Czech Republic,comparing results to nearby nature reserves(NRs).Gastropod species richness and composition were evaluated at both plot(50 m×50 m) and mesohabitat scales across gradients of CWD and beech(Fagus sylvatica) tree representation.Our results indicate significantly reduced species richness in managed forests(median 7 species per plot) compared to NRs(median15 species),attributed to lower soil pH,calcium availability,and moisture due to the dominance of spruce and the limited availability of CWD.Species richness was positively influenced by CWD volume,with two amounts identified:a minimum of 4 m^(3)·ha^(-1) to prevent significant biodiversity loss and 20 m^(3)·ha^(-1)to support sensitive and dendrophile species.At the within-plot scale,CWD was the species richest mesohabitat,playing a particularly important role in acidic and nutrient-poor environments.Furthermore,beech basal area positively correlated with species richness,mitigating the negative impact of spruce.The findings highlight the critical need for changes in forest management,including increased retention of CWD and integration of deciduous trees,to support biodiversity in intensively managed forests.These measures are particularly urgent given the susceptibility of spruce monocultures to climate change and pest outbreaks.Gastropods,as sessile indicators of environmental change,may serve as effective umbrella species for conservation efforts targeting forest soil biodiversity.
文摘A tree's basal area(BA)and wood volume scale exponentially with tree diameter in species-specifc patterns.Recent observed increases in tree growth suggest these allometric relationships are shifting in response to climate change,rising CO_(2) levels,and/or changes in forest management.We analyzed 9,214 cores from nine conifer and 11 broadleaf species grown in managed mixed-species stands in the upper Midwest to quantify how well diameter(diameter at breast height(DBH))serves to predict BA growth and above-ground wood and carbon(C).These samples include many large trees.We ft mixed models to predict BA growth and above-ground biomass/C from diameter,tree height,and the BA of nearby trees while controlling for site effects.Models account for 55%–83%of the variance in log(recent growth),improving predictions over earlier models.Growth-diameter scaling exponents covary with certain leaf and stem(but not wood)functional traits,reflecting growth strategies.LogBA increment scales linearly with log(diameter)as trees grow bigger in 16/20 species and growth actually accelerates in Quercus rubra L.Three other species plateau in growth.Growth only decelerates in red pine,Pinus resinosa Ait.Growth in whole-tree,above-ground biomass,and C accelerate even more strongly with diameter(mean exponent:2.08 vs.1.30 for BA growth).Sustained BA growth and accelerating wood/C growth contradict the common assumption that tree growth declines in bigger trees.Yield tables and silvicultural guidelines should be updated to reflect these current relationships.Such revisions will favor delaying harvests in many managed stands to increase wood production and enhance ecosystem values including C fxation and storage.Further research may resolve the relative roles of thinning,climatic conditions,nitrogen inputs,and rising CO2 levels on changing patterns of tree growth.
文摘Although metabolic homeostasis disruption,cellular damage,and premature senescence caused by salinity stress are well-documented in the literature,there are few studies investigating cytological changes induced by salinity stress within the altered metabolic landscape of rice,and this study aims to fill that gap.The cytological characterization of root tips(in terms of mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness,laggards,fragments,bridges,micronuclei,ring chromosomes,and total mitotic abnormalities)was conducted on 10 experimental rice landraces from coastal Bangladesh,grown under post-imbibitional salinity stress(PISS),while correlating these changes with their metabolic status.The results revealed a strong correlation between salinity-induced cytological changes in root cells(mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities)and the redox interactome status of all experimental rice landraces.The landraces Kutepatnai,Talmugur,Nonakochi,and Benapol,which exhibited a higher ability to mitigate PISS-induced chromosomal abnormalities and improve mitotic index,also showed lower accumulation of oxidative stress markers(protein carbonylation,lipid peroxidation,prooxidant accumulation,oxidative stress index,reactive oxygen species(ROS)-antioxidative stress index,and efficiency of ROS processing via the Halliwell-Asada pathway)compared with more susceptible landraces(Charobalam,Jotaibalam,Kachra,and Lalmota).These findings underscore the role of redox biology in preventing chromotoxic effects under salinity stress.Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis,used to determine variations and similarities among the experimental rice landraces based on cytological attributes,redox interactome,and physiological phenotypes,classified the landraces according to their salinity tolerance and sensitivity.This study proposes a novel approach for exploring redox-regulated cytological fingerprints as a tool for identifying salinity-tolerant rice landraces.
基金Supported by Indian Council for Medical Research,No.56/2/Hae/BMSUniversity Grant Commission Start-Up Grant,No.30-496/2019.
文摘Cellular communication is required for the normal function and maintenance of homeostasis.The extracellular communications are mediated by cell surface receptors,which transmit signals for various cell functions.Cell defense also relies on distinguishing between self and non-self.The integrins belong to the transmembrane receptors family and serve a crucial function in cell-extracellular adhesion and cell–cell signaling.The cell surface integrin-associated protein,or CD47,is an important integrin regulator and performs an array of functions.The CD47 interacts with the signal regulatory proteinα(SIRPα)and regulates adhesion,apoptosis,phagocytosis,proliferation,metabolism,activation,hematopoietic stem cell migration,and malignancies.The CD47 expression is increased in tumor cells to escape immune response.The anti-CD47 antibodies have shown promising therapeutic strategies in various clinical trials in the treatment of hematologic and solid tumors.In the current review,we discussed multifunctional roles,molecular mechanisms,and therapeutic strategies of tumors by utilizing CD47/SIRPαinteractions.
文摘The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse effects of abiotic stresses are increasing due to fluctuations in climate change.Several abiotic stresses(salinity,drought,water logging,minerals deficiency,temperature extremities and heavy metals)are reducing the overall productivity of crops.Therefore,the application of different management approaches,i.e.,phytohormones,nanoparticles,organic amendments,microbes and molecular aspects are effective for the mitigation of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.The aim of the present review was to explore the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to lessen the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.Fruit crops are important sources of minerals and vitamins.ZnO-NPs could improve the tolerance mechanism of fruit crops by reducing oxidative harm.Moreover,these are involved in boosting the antioxidant properties of fruit trees.Regular formation of photosynthetic pigments involved in the regulation of the photosynthesis process through ZnO-NPs applications under adverse conditions.Their use can contribute to the regulation of several metabolic processes that occur in plants subjected to abiotic stresses.The disturbances in photosynthetic pigments,irregular metabolic processes and generation of toxic substances are causing stunted growth,low yield and poor fruit quality.Hence,the application of ZnO-NPs is important for the sustainable production of fruit crops by improving seedlings’growth and fruit quality via activation of the plant defense system.However,higher concentration of nanoparticles results in growth inhibition and poor yield due to cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and genotoxicity.Therefore,nanoparticle interaction with fruit crops needs more consideration at the epigenetic level for the mitigation of multiple stresses.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2024YFF1000100 and 2021YFD1301102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172702)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding (XQSWYZQZ-KFYX-4)Zaozhuang Elite Industrial Innovation ProgramAgricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP-IAS-TS-6)supported by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) Collaborative Research Grant (DBI-1458515)
文摘The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model that simultaneously analyzes data from multiple environments to detect Q × E interactions. This model incorporates two different kinship matrices derived from the genome-wide markers to control both main and interaction polygenic background effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that our approach is more powerful than the meta-analysis and inclusive composite interval mapping methods. We further analyze four agronomic traits of rice across four environments. A main effect QTL is identified for 1000-grain weight(KGW), while no QTL are found for tiller number. Additionally, a large QTL with a significant Q × E interaction is detected on chromosome 7 affecting grain number, yield, and KGW. This region harbors two important genes, PROG1 and Ghd7. Furthermore, we apply our mixed model to analyze lodging in barley across six environments. The six regions exhibiting Q × E interaction effects identified by our approach overlap with the SNPs previously identified using EM and MCMC-based Bayesian methods, further validating the robustness of our approach. Both simulation studies and empirical data analyses show that our method outperforms all other methods compared.
文摘【Objective】Jatropha curcas is a potential source of biodiesel plant grown on waste and unattended lands,and parts of the areas are often suffered from flooding.The present study was conducted to develop a model to calculate the net CO_(2)assimilation rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance with respect to leaf position,which affect the J.curcas productivity under soil flooding.【Method】The process of developing mathematical models for physiological responses associated with parameterization,optimization and validation.The concept was applied for the calculation of net CO 2 assimilation rate from transpiration rate and stomatal conductance,transpiration rate from net CO_(2)assimilation rate and stomatal conductance,and stomatal conductance from net CO_(2)assimilation rate and transpiration rate in different leaf positions of J.curcas.The models were tested under soil flooding and normal conditions to suffice its wider applicability.A model was proposed to calculate net CO 2 assimilation rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance responses from a known set of response function data by calculating a transformation characteristic constant between any two possible paired response functions.【Result】The mean deviations and root mean square errors(RMSE)of calculated physiological responses were low,which validated the proposed hypothesis and statistical models.The approach was applied for modeling physiological responses successfully in J.curcas.RMSE ranged from1.69%to 11.17%when transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were transformed to net CO_(2)assimilation rate,and from 1.70%to 11.61%in case net CO_(2)assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were transformed to transpiration rate,and from 3.87%to 13.21%if net CO_(2)assimilation rate and transpiration rate were transformed to stomatal conductance,respectively.【Conclusion】The model can be useful for calculating cumulative responses under different conditions from a basic known set of data.The key to successful physiological models is finding the better options that are realistic,easy to understand,interpretative and practical between adherence to reality,comprehensibility,interpretative value,and practical usefulness on sustainable agriculture in years to come.
文摘The genus Lilium comprises 119 taxa,primarily native to temperate and alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere,extending to the northern Philippines.In this study,we report the first occurrence of Lilium candidum L.in Morocco,specifically in the jbel Sidi Ali El Jawzi area,within the territorial commune of Asjen,Ouezzane Province(Pre-Rif region).During a botanical survey conducted in May 2022,a population of L.candidum was identified,marking its first recorded presence in the country.Morphological characteristics were analyzed and compared with existing descriptions in the literature to confirm species identification.The species was found in a humid microclimate with calcareous soils,suggesting specific ecological requirements that facilitated its establishment.This unexpected discovery raises several questions regarding its biogeographical history,potential introduction pathways,and adaptation mechanisms in the Moroccan environment.Given its limited distribution and ecological specificity,its conservation status should be carefully evaluated,as human activities,habitat disturbance,and climate change may pose significant threats.Further studies,including genetic analyses and ecological monitoring,are needed to determine its origin,assess population stability,and establish conservation strategies.The presence of L.candidum in the Pre-Rif region expands the known distribution of the species and highlights the importance of continuous botanical exploration in North Africa,particularly in understudied mountainous ecosystems.
基金the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) by granting the scholarship (Finance Code 001)supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, project number 433828/2018-8,435598/2018-0)+1 种基金the Minas Gerais Research Funding Foundation (FAPEMIG, project number CRA APQ 00929-15)CNPq productivity fellowships
文摘Functional traits are characteristics associated with the growth,reproduction,and survival of individuals.Studying them helps us understand how species traits drive ecosystem functioning.Thus,we evaluated the differences in traits and functional diversity between forest edges and interiors,and how the inclusion of intraspecific trait variation affects the assessment of functional diversity in these habitats.We sampled 10 representative forest patches,and,in each patch,we established five plots on the edge and five inside the forest,collecting leaf functional traits,allometric and wood density for all species.We assessed functional diversity using functional richness(FRic),divergence(FDiv),and dispersion(FDis).To assess the impact of incorporating intraspecific variation when comparing trait values and functional diversity indices,we established two scenarios:one that excludes intraspecific variation and another that includes it.We found that the edge and interior harbor individuals with distinct functional traits that alleviate the inherent stress of each habitat.The edge was also found to be more selective in terms of the range of functional traits,resulting in lower functional diversity.Our findings demonstrated that habitats play an important role in intraspecific trait variation(ITV)and that statistically significant differences between habitats,in relation to traits and functional diversity,were better observed with the inclusion of intraspecific variation.Our study highlights the potential of using natural forest patches to understand the edge effect,regardless of habitat loss.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of incorporating ITV into functional diversity studies,especially those on a smaller scale that incorporate quantitative variables,to better understand and predict ecological patterns.
基金the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change and GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment for providing financial assistance through the National Mission on Himalayan Studies (GAP-0199)
文摘Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has been framed to document the patterns of species richness and diversity in the state of Himachal Pradesh,western Himalaya.A total of six treeline sites(three disturbed and three undisturbed)were identified for vegetation sampling.Trees,shrubs,and herbs were sampled at each site using nested plots of 10 m^(2),5 m^(2),and 1 m^(2),respectively.The study exhibits the rich diversity of treeline communities,the patterns of which varied between treeline sites.Altogether,221 species of vascular plants belonging to 47 families and 140 genera were recorded from the area.Amongst families,Asteraceae was the dominant family followed by Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae.The study also revealed the presence of threatened species like Aconitum heterophyllum,Angelica glauca,Bergenia stracheyi,Dactylorhiza hatagirea,Picrorhiza kurroa,and Trillium govanianum etc.at treeline.Moreover,species composition revealed high densities of Betula utilis followed by the under canopy of Rhododendron campanulatum and R.anthopogon at treeline sites.Overall,species richness of herbs,shrubs,and trees were higher at undisturbed site as compared to disturbed one.The diversity indices of herbs and shrubs varied significantly between treeline sites while that of trees was non-significant.At the same time,soil properties showed distinct patterns wherein pH and available nitrogen significantly varied between treeline sites.Present study provides detailed insights into the floristic and ecological aspects of treeline communities from the unexplored ecoregion of western Himalaya.The treelines in the area are anthropogenically depressed and continued land-use activities might result in habitat fragmentation and displacement of plant communities in the near future.
文摘Gebel Katrina,located in the Saint Catherine Protectorate of South Sinai(Egypt),is a biologically rich area with diverse plant communities shaped by factors such as elevation,slope,soil type,and precipitation.This study was designed to examine the vegetation structure,update the occurrence of endemic taxa,and investigate the impact of environmental conditions and landform types on plant disruption in the region.The primary objective of this study was to analyze the behavior and distribution of the most common species across major environmental gradients.Between 2022 and 2024,49 stands were randomly collected within the study area characterized by relatively uniform vegetation and physiography and represent as much as possible the four major landform types(terraces,slopes,ridges,and gorges).The selected stands were distributed as follows:terraces(12 stands),slopes(9 stands),ridges(9 stands),and gorges(19 stands).For the analysis of the biological spectrum,a growth-form system with four categories was utilized:trees(T),shrubs(S),perennial herbs(PH),and annual herbs(A).Soil analyses were conducted for composite samples from the 49 stands.For each recorded species,nativity,species diversity measurements,endemism,and IUCN conservation status were depicted.Multivariate analysis techniques were used to assess the classification of the 49 stands in various landforms,and ordination with soil variables were applied using different software.A total of 137 taxa were recorded from Gebel Katrina area belonging to 39 families(1 Pteridaceae,1 Ephedraceae,and 37 Angiospermae),of which 16 were endemics,which indicates the mountain's significance as a biodiversity hotspot.Of these endemic taxa,nine were classified as Endangered(EN)and four as Least Concern(LC),together accounting for over 80%of the endemic flora.The largest angiosperm families with the highest numbers of species included Asteraceae,Lamiaceae,Poaceae,Brassicaceae,Caryophyllaceae and Fabaceae.These six families constituted more than 30%of the recorded flora.Shrubs and perennial herbs were the predominant growth forms,collectively comprising over 70%of the total flora.Native taxa comprised the dominant component of the recorded flora,accounting for 80 species(58.4%of the total).In contrast,non-native taxa were limited to two annual grasses.Analysis of IUCN Red List proportions revealed a predominance of EN taxa,accounting for 52 taxa(37.9%),followed by Least Concern(LC)taxa with 36 taxa(26.3%).Together,these two categories constituted over 60%of the total assessed flora.Hierarchical cluster analysis of a presence/absence data matrix(49 stands×91 species after removal of species with occurrences<5%),using the Sørensen(Bray-Curtis)method,identified eight distinct vegetation clusters.Each cluster is characterized by one or more dominant species,distinguished by their highest percentage of occurrence(f)within their respective group.Apart from soil reaction(pH)and diversity indices(species richness and Shannon’s index),ANOVA test showed high significant differences in most of the measured environmental variables among the obtained cluster groups(A-H).Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)showed direct correlations between the 7 examined environmental variables and plant species composition in Gebel Katrina.The eight cluster groups were separated along axes 1 and 2 of the diagram.The species-environment correlations were high for the three axes explaining 63.0%of the cumulative variance.The stands of groups(E)and(G)were correlated with coarse sand,stands of group(B)were highly correlated with electric conductivity(EC),and stands of group(F)were correlated with elevation.The endemic flora of Gebel Katrina faces multiple anthropogenic and environmental threats.Overgrazing by livestock,excessive harvesting of plants for fuelwood and traditional medicinal uses,and habitat degradation due to land-use changes have led to significant depletion of vegetation cover and biodiversity loss.
文摘Background:The Swegali Valley in the Swat District is notable for its diverse range of plant species.Livestock plays a vital role in the development of human civilization,and similar to human disease treatments plants are utilized as remedies for a variety of domestic animals.Methods:The present study was carried out to record ethnoveterinary knowledge of the local plants that are being used by the people of Swegalai Valley,Swat,Pakistan.One hundred and thirty-five residents were interviewed using a questionnaire.The data were analyzed by applying quantitative formulas,like,used value(UV),relative frequency of citations(RFCs),fidelity level value(FL)%,consensus index(CI)%,and informant consensus factor(FIC).Results:Throughout the current study,47 plants belonging to 31 families are presented;these plants have been widely used as an ethnoveterinary medicine to treat various livestock ailments.Medicinal plants with high used values were Acacia nilotica L.(UV=0.791),and Ajuga bracteosa(0.782).Using RFCs values,the most valued and cited medicinal plant species used by people for livestock disorders are A.nilotica(RFCs=0.628),and A.bracteosa(0.616).Similarly,the highest values were also found for the same plant species using CI percentage;these were for ;A.nilotica L.(CI%=84.331),followed by A.bracteosa(83.221%).The highest fidelity level was for A.nilotica(FL%=100),A.bracteosa(95.341%),Allium cepa(88.344%),A.sativum(85.311%),Aloe vera(84.25%),Artemisia scoparia(83.101%),Berberis lycium(80.451%).The informant consensus factor(FIC)ranged from 0.782 to 1.The maximum FIC values for various diseases were;bovine mastitis,anti-helminthic,eye diseases,bloat and stomachic,fracture pain,pediculosis,rheumatism,and vermifuge.Conclusion:We concluded that the people of Swegalai deeply rely on medicinal plants to treat various livestock ailments.Ethnic information also provides a framework for further phytochemical investigations.Since this useful knowledge is being lost forever due to rapid socio-economic,technological,and environmental change,recording ethnoveterinary activities in the study area was therefore very important.Thus,the people of the study area must implement in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies to ensure the sustainable utilization of these species.
基金funding from the Ongoing Research Funding program,ORF-2025-298,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The low efficiency of phytoextraction of lead(Pb)from agricultural fields poses a significant agricultural challenge.Organic chelating agents can influence Pb bioavailability in soil,affecting its uptake,transport,and toxicity in plants.This study aimed to assess the impact of citric acid(CA)and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)on chelate-assisted phytoextraction of Pb and its effect on growth and physiology of two cultivars(07001;07002)of mung bean(Vigna radiata).The cultivars of mung bean were exposed to 60 lead chloride(PbCl_(2))solution,mg⋅L-1with or without the addition of 300 CA or 500 DTPA,until maturity.The exposure of plants to Pb mg⋅L^(-1) mg⋅L^(-1) stress increased the accumulation of Pb in roots(49%of control),stems(58%of control),leaves(67%of control),and seeds(61%of control).Maximum accumulation of Pb was observed in roots and the least accumulation was found in seeds of both mung bean cultivars.The extent of Pb accumulation in different plant parts correlated positively with Pb toxicity and reduced growth of both mung bean cultivars(33%to 40%).The cultivar cv 07001 was more susceptible to Pb stress.The addition of CA and DTPA increased the accumulation of Pb in plant parts of mung bean cultivars-phytoextraction(10.8%to 21.5%).However,the addition of CA partitioned Pb in vegetative parts,i.e.,root,stem thus mitigated the toxic effects of Pb on the growth of mung bean cultivars(6.25%–10.5%).In contrast,the addition of DTPA had adverse effects on the growth of mung bean cultivars.The addition of CA facilitated a greater uptake and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorous,and potassium in the roots and leaves of mung bean cultivars.In addition,CA also improved the photosynthetic pigments(11%–14%)and photosynthetic rate(5%–12%)under both control and Pb stress conditions.The ameliorative effect of CA on the photosynthetic capacity of mung bean cultivars was likely associated with photosynthetic metabolic factors rather than stomatal factors.Furthermore,cv 07002 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress and showed better performance in CA application.Overall,the application of CA demonstrated significant potential as a chelating agent for remediating Pb-contaminated soil.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R101),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Seed to soil contact is critical for successful germination and establishment.The seed coat micromorphology is a stable trait that has contributed significant information to the phylogenetic classification of angiosperms.Seed morphology refers to the physical characteristics of seeds,such as their size,shape,color,texture,and structure.The characteristics can vary greatly among different plant species and can provide important information about the plants'life cycle,ecological requirements,and evolutionary history.The aim of this work was to describe the 34 species representing 23 botanical families that were collected to study the micromorphological features of seeds from Khaplu and Skardu mountainous area.Seed shape,color,and texture were observed under a light and scanning microscope and stereo microscope.Micromorphological and ultrastructural data have proved useful in determining seed plant evolution,classification,ecology,and phylogeny.Seed shapes varied from elliptic,oblong,ovate,pyramidal,and spherical.Surface sculpturing varied from rugulate,negative reticulate,reticulate,foveolate,granular and striated.The seed size varied enormously from very minute Matricaria chamomilla 0.33 mm×0.06 mm to very large seed Elaeagnus angustifolia 13.76 mm×4.70 mm.Epicuticular projections,anticlinal wall,periclinal wall,wall ornamentation,and seed texture were also studied under scanning electron microscopy.Most of the seed colors were brown and black except Carthamus tinctorius which exhibits creamy white color.A principal component analysis was used to identify the most outliers in seed micromorphology and provide a significant explanation.A taxonomic key based on micromorphological features has been constructed to assist botanists in identifying species and genera,and to support the conservation of seed bank resources.
