Lichens exhibit exceptional ecological adaptability,thriving in diverse habitats ranging from temperate forests to extreme environments.They colonize various substrates,including tree bark,rocks,soil,and artificial su...Lichens exhibit exceptional ecological adaptability,thriving in diverse habitats ranging from temperate forests to extreme environments.They colonize various substrates,including tree bark,rocks,soil,and artificial surfaces,playing critical roles as bioindicators of air quality and environmental change.Despite their ecological and economic importance,regions like Pakistan remain underexplored for lichen diversity,leaving significant gaps in knowledge about local lichen flora.This study hypothesizes that the ecological diversity and environmental gradients in the Hazara Division,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,significantly influence the distribution,composition,and community structure of lichens.Field surveys were conducted from March 2021 to December 2023 across 48 locations in the Hazara Division,covering diverse altitudes,aspects,and vegetation types.Epiphytic lichens were sampled using standardized transect methods with vertical grids on tree stems.Specimens were collected,shade-dried,and identified using chemical spot tests.Multivariate analyses,including TWINSPAN,CCA,and DCA,were employed to examine species-environment relationships.A total of 97 lichen species were identified across 44 genera and 19 families.Physciaceae was the dominant family(24 species).Foliose lichens represented 55%of the total species,highlighting morphological diversity.Among the recorded species,11 were new to Pakistan,and 30 were newly documented for the Himalayan region of Hazara.The study documented 52 host tree species across 36 genera,with Quercus being the most dominant genus.Multivariate analyses identified seven distinct lichen communities.Altitude and road distance emerged as the strongest drivers of lichen distribution,with specific species exhibiting distinct responses to environmental gradients.In DCA ordination the Eigen value was maximum for axis 1,(0.67)followed by axis 2(0.56).The maximum gradients was 5.87 recorded axis 1.Canonical Correspondence Analysis captured 15.09%of the total variation,with significant contributions from altitude,temperature,and substrate type.The per mutation result for all axis were pseudo(F=1.1,P=0.01).The result showed that species,stand and environmental variables were in linear combination with each other.This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of lichen diversity and ecology in the Hazara Division,unveiling significant species-environment relationships and ecological patterns.The findings underscore the importance of multivariate analysis in lichen studies and highlight the region's potential for further ecological and conservation research.展开更多
Rice cultivation,vital to global food security and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),faces increasing threats from industrial pollution,which contaminates soil and water,endangers human health,and...Rice cultivation,vital to global food security and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),faces increasing threats from industrial pollution,which contaminates soil and water,endangers human health,and weakens agricultural resilience.Studies indicate that contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants,radioactive elements,dyes,and potentially toxic elements,particularly from mining and industrial activities,significantly degrade soil fertility,impair plant health,and introduce harmful residues into the food chain.This contamination compromises food safety and diminishes agricultural productivity,posing a serious challenge to sustainability.Addressing these impacts requires sustainable industrial practices,advanced technologies,and eco-friendly remediation techniques.Solutions like biochar applications,precision farming,and artificial intelligence(AI)-driven pollution detection provide effective measures for restoring soil health,protecting crop integrity,and ensuring the resilience of rice farming.These approaches align rice cultivation with global sustainability goals by integrating sustainable soil and water management,adaptive crop selection,and AI innovations.Protecting rice cultivation upholds farmer livelihoods and strengthens global commitments to SDGs Zero Hunger and a resilient,safe food supply,underscoring the essential balance between industrial progress and sustainable rice cultivation.展开更多
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.ex Royle,an endangered Ayurvedic medicinal plant,is predominantly found in the alpine and subalpine zones of the Himalayas.This study aimed to enhance seed germination under various soil co...Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.ex Royle,an endangered Ayurvedic medicinal plant,is predominantly found in the alpine and subalpine zones of the Himalayas.This study aimed to enhance seed germination under various soil conditions,to facilitate conservation and provide opportunities for income generation through large-scale cultivation.The selection of soil treatments was based on their contrasting physicochemical properties and known influence on seed germination in related high altitude species.The study was conducted in a mist chamber at the Deoban nursery in Dehradun,India,using five soil conditions:normal forest soil(NS),vermiculite(Vc),vermiculite+normal forest soil(Vc+NS),normal forest soil+sand(NS+S),and a mixture of soil,sand,vermiculite,and vermicompost(NS+S+Vc+VCo).All the soil treatments were replicated ten times under the controlled environmental conditions.These substrates were selected to represent a gradient of water retention,aeration,nutrient content,and organic matter composition,which are known to affect seed germination and early seedling development.Results showed significant different among treatments in terms of physical and chemical soil properties in sand,silt,clay,pH,organic carbon,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,as well as growth parameters such as,seed vigor index,root length,plant length,and leaf number across soil conditions.Among all treatments,vermiculite alone showed the highest germination rate(73.33%),peak germination value(0.719),and seed vigor index(24.02),along with superior growth parameters and the lowest seed mortality index(2.45).These findings in addition to its low seed mortality underscore vermiculite's potential as a suitable growth medium for the ex-situ cultivation of A.heterophyllum offering a promising alternative to wild harvesting while supporting conservation and sustainable use of this valuable Himalayan species.展开更多
Plant tissue culture represents an advanced biotechnological technique for propagating and conserving threatened plant species efficiently.This method enables the rapid production of genetically identical plants under...Plant tissue culture represents an advanced biotechnological technique for propagating and conserving threatened plant species efficiently.This method enables the rapid production of genetically identical plants under controlled sterile laboratory conditions(in vitro).Its applications span forestry,horticulture,and,crucially,plant breeding.Nanoparticles have emerged as innovative tools to address limitations in conventional plant tissue culture,offering diverse functionalities based on their unique physicochemical properties.This review focuses on the utilization of nanotechnology in enhancing various aspects of plant tissue culture.Nanoparticles,such as silver and zinc oxide,have demonstrated significant roles as antimicrobial agents and anti-browning agents.They also serve as elicitors,stimulating callus proliferation,root elongation,rapid shoot formation,and the enhanced production of bioactive compounds on a large scale.Furthermore,nanoparticles contribute to mitigating oxidative stress within cells,thereby promoting increased callus formation,elongated roots,and elevated production of secondary metabolites.Their influence extends to somaclonal variation and genetic transformation processes within plant tissue culture.These contributions collectively underscore the potential of nanoparticles to foster more efficient,sustainable,and scalable biotechnological solutions in in vitro culture.The implications extend to reducing resource dependency and mitigating environmental impacts,positioning nanotechnology as a transformative approach in sustainable plant biotechnology.展开更多
Rapid colonization by invasive plants threatened local biodiversity worldwide;however,their distributional hotspots and future habitat shifts remain poorly understood in developing nations such as Nigeria.Using MaxEnt...Rapid colonization by invasive plants threatened local biodiversity worldwide;however,their distributional hotspots and future habitat shifts remain poorly understood in developing nations such as Nigeria.Using MaxEnt model,we investigated present and future habitat suitability for two aggressive invaders,C.odorata and T.diversifolia,across Nigeria's urban landscapes.We used a dataset consisting of 327 and 108 occurrence points for C.odorata and T.diversifolia,respectively,along with twenty-three(23)environmental variables to identify occurrence and areas of concern under current climatic fluctuations.The results revealed that the model performed strongly(AUC>0.85)and identified precipitation seasonality as the dominant predictor for both species.The finding indicates that precipitation seasonality of≤59 CV,isothermality of≥57%and precipitation of wettest month of≥170 mm enhance niche occupancy of C.odorata,while precipitation seasonality of 62-70 CV,precipitation of wettest quarter and maximum temperature of warmest month of≥450 mm and 35℃,respectively enhance that of T.differsifolia.Current predictions place C.odorata primarily along the southern coast,while T.diversifolia is most suitable in the southwest and extends into the northcentral.Future suitable area for C.odorata will slightly expand by 2050 and 2070,encroaching into southeastern and some central states.In contrast,T.diversifolia contracts under CNRM-CM5 but shows a modest expansion under GFDL-CM3.These projections indicate that climate change may reinforce the dominance of C.odorata in southern Nigeria,whereas T.differsifolia may exhibit divergent trajectories from southern to certain northern states in the future.展开更多
Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)(Meloidogyne sp.,Globodera sp.,and Pratylenchus sp.)and fungi are two of the most economically important groups of organisms affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.The interaction...Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)(Meloidogyne sp.,Globodera sp.,and Pratylenchus sp.)and fungi are two of the most economically important groups of organisms affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.The interactions among PPNs,biocontrol fungi,and soil ecosystem can significantly impact plant health,disease management,and ecosystem functioning.We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex relationships between PPNs and biocontrol fungi,including pathogenic and biocontrol interactions.We summarized the molecular and ecological mechanisms underlying these interactions,highlighting the key players,signaling pathways,and environmental factors that influence the interactions.We also reviewed current knowledge on fungus-based biocontrol strategies against PPNs,including the development of novel management approaches.Furthermore,we explored the prospects of nematode-fungus interactions in agriculture,including the potential applications and technologies,precision agriculture,and integrated pest management approaches.This review highlights the need for further research on nematode-fungus interactions and their impact on plant infection and productivity,with an emphasis on the development of sustainable and effective strategies for managing PPNs and enhancing plant health in agricultural ecosystems.展开更多
Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cel...Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.展开更多
With rising anthropogenic activities,the contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals has become a pressing global concern,posing significant threats to plant growth,soil health,and human safety.Biochar,derived from ...With rising anthropogenic activities,the contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals has become a pressing global concern,posing significant threats to plant growth,soil health,and human safety.Biochar,derived from pyrolysis of organic wastes,has emerged as a promising,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly solution for mitigating heavy metal toxicity in soil.This review explores the multifunctional properties of biochar that make it an effective adsorbent for heavy metals,highlighting the pivotal role of pyrolysis temperature in determining its physiochemical and structural properties.Higher pyrolytic temperatures enhance biochar's specific surface area,microporosity,p H,and stability,contributing to its increased efficiency in adsorbing heavy metals such as chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)),cadmium(Cd(Ⅱ)),and zinc(Zn(Ⅱ)).The mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization by biochar are influenced by the variations in biomass feedstock,pyrolysis conditions,and functional group modifications.This review also delves into the molecular mechanisms by which biochar regulates stress responses in plants,including the expression of key genes like Os FSD1,Os CAT,Os SOD,and Bn IRT1,which mitigate oxidative stress induced by heavy metals.Thus,by improving soil properties and promoting plant resilience,biochar stands as a versatile soil amendment with vast potential for environmental bioremediation.展开更多
Biological invasion is one of the leading causes of global biodiversity loss and the degradation of ecosystem services.Wetlands situated within human-dominated landscapes are particularly vulnerable to these invasions...Biological invasion is one of the leading causes of global biodiversity loss and the degradation of ecosystem services.Wetlands situated within human-dominated landscapes are particularly vulnerable to these invasions.However,extent of plant invasions in many wetlands remains insufficiently known for guiding effective management.This study aimed to analyze the status of plant invasions in the Lake Cluster of the Pokhara Valley(LCPV),a Ramsar site encompassing nine wetlands in the rapidly urbanizing region of central Nepal.A total of 89 plots(20 m×5 m)along the lakeshore were surveyed to record the richness and coverage of both native and naturalized plant species.Water samples were also collected from each plot to measure nitrogen and phosphorus levels.Data were analyzed using analysis of variance,generalized linear models,multiple regression,and canonical correspondence analysis.The results revealed significant variation in native and naturalized species richness and composition across the wetlands.Naturalized species richness was positively correlated with native species richness.Species richness was the highest in the smallest wetlands site(i.e.,Kamalpokhari)and the species composition of the largest wetland site with the highest tourist visitation(i.e.,Phewa lake)was distinctly different from the rest of the other wetlands.Species composition similarity increased when only the naturalized species were accounted,relative to the scenario when only native species were considered,suggesting increased homogenization due to plant invasions.No significant effects of nitrogen or phosphorus levels on species richness or coverage were found.Understanding these local drivers that affect naturalized plant diversity in the LCPV can inform management strategies to protect these wetlands from further invasion by alien species.展开更多
Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are critical for plant drought adaptation,but their environmental drivers under prolonged drought remains unclear.We investigated seasonal NSCs dynamics in the leaf,stem and root of P...Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are critical for plant drought adaptation,but their environmental drivers under prolonged drought remains unclear.We investigated seasonal NSCs dynamics in the leaf,stem and root of Picea crass ifolia(Qinghai spruce)during the growing seasons of2021-2023 under intensifying drought at three altitudes in Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.Our results revealed synchronous seasonal patterns in soluble sugar,starch,and total non-structural carbohydrate within the same year,contrasting with marked altitudinal disparities.As drought progressed(from 2021 to 2023),soluble sugars initially increased(2022)then declined(2023),while starch showed consistent reduction(except leaves).Moreover,the altitude of peak NSCs concentrations shifted from 3200 m in 2021to 2700 m in 2023.In particular,prolonged drought alters the environmental factors affecting NSCs.NSCs demonstrated significant positive correlations with soil temperature during humid 2021,then negatively with air temperature,vapor pressure deficit,and precipitation during 2022's initial drought,whereas under 2023's persistent drought conditions,soil temperature and water content emerged as dominant drivers.Concurrently,the ratio of soluble sugar to starch transitioned from air temperature and precipitation associations(2021-2022)to soil parameter dependence in2023.These findings provide new insights into the seasonal carbon dynamics of Qinghai spruce and the environmental response mechanisms under increasing drought stress,contributing to a better understanding of tree physiological adaptations in drought stress.展开更多
The genus Clematis(Ranunculaceae)comprises over 300 species with remarkable morphological and ecological diversity worldwide.Despite its horticultural,medicinal,and ecological importance,a well-resolved phylogeny and ...The genus Clematis(Ranunculaceae)comprises over 300 species with remarkable morphological and ecological diversity worldwide.Despite its horticultural,medicinal,and ecological importance,a well-resolved phylogeny and coherent infrageneric classification are still lacking.Here,we reconstruct a robust phylogeny for Clematis using a phylogenomic approach and revise its infrageneric taxonomy.We incorporated 198 samples representing 151 species,two subspecies,and 12 varieties,covering all subgenera and most sections worldwide,obtained from both fresh and herbarium material.Nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and complete plastid genomes were assembled for phylogenetic analyses.We also prepared a nuclear ribosomal ITS(nrITS)dataset comprising 171 species,two subspecies,and 12 varieties(217 samples)to include as many species as possible for phylogenetic inference.Phylogenies based on plastid genomes and nrITS exhibited limited resolution and modest support,highlighting challenges in resolving certain relationships.Nuclear SNP analyses yielded a robust phylogenetic tree with 22 well-supported clades corresponding to 22 sections,with most previously recognized subgenera and sections not recovered as monophyletic.Ancestral state reconstruction of 12 key morphological characters revealed multiple independent origins of character states.This study presents the first comprehensive sectional classification for Clematis based on robust phylogenomic evidence,redefines morphological characteristics for each section,and resolves long-standing taxonomic ambiguities.Our results establish a framework for future studies on the evolution,ecology,and horticultural potential of this globally significant genus.展开更多
La-BiO_(2-x)composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through a single-step hydrothermal strategy.The introduction of La3+into the BiO_(2-x)lattice replaces the Bi^(3+)in the BiO_(2-x)lattice,resulting in a...La-BiO_(2-x)composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through a single-step hydrothermal strategy.The introduction of La3+into the BiO_(2-x)lattice replaces the Bi^(3+)in the BiO_(2-x)lattice,resulting in a new defect level and oxygen vacancies(Vo)generation.The·O_(2)^(−)generated in the surface of Vo,which was converted into singlet oxygen(1O2)with the transformation of Bi^(5+)to Bi^(3+).Upon visible(near-infrared)light irradiation,the removal rates of tetracycline(TC),oxytetracycline(OTC),and levofloxacin(LEV)by trace 5%La-BiO_(2-x)(0.1 g/L)reached 84.18%(55.56%),78.85%and 70.12%,respectively.The Toxicity Estimation Software Tool(T.E.S.T)based on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship(QSAR)models illustrated that the biological toxicity of TC intermediates can be eliminated by 5%La-BiO_(2-x).The green bean germination rates in 5%La-BiO_(2-x)treated TC solution was close to that in the tap water(100.0%).The inorganic anion and humic acid(HA)exhibited almost no influence on the degradation of TC in lake water and river water.This study enhances the comprehension of biological toxicity elimination in antibiotics degradation process,providing the possibilities for actual applications of La-BiO_(2-x).展开更多
Subtropical evergreen sub-montane forests in Punjab,Pakistan,are vital for carbon sequestration and play an essential role in supporting local communities.While the global importance of tree species diversity in enhan...Subtropical evergreen sub-montane forests in Punjab,Pakistan,are vital for carbon sequestration and play an essential role in supporting local communities.While the global importance of tree species diversity in enhancing aboveground carbon(AGC)storage is well established,there remains limited empirical evidence from Pakistan’s forest ecosystems.This study investigated how taxonomic and functional diversity,alongside topographical variables,influence AGC across four districts in Punjab.Taxonomic metrics such as the Importance Value Index(IVI)and genus richness were computed,along with functional diversity indices including functional richness(FRic),functional dispersion(FDis),functional divergence(FDiv),and functional evenness(FEve).AGC was estimated using species-specific allometric equations,and linear mixed-effects models were applied to identify the most influential predictors.Acacia modesta and A.nilotica emerged as the dominant species in the studied sites.While species richness and biomass increased with elevation,Shannon diversity showed a negative relationship with elevation.AGC values ranged from 100 to 350 Mg ha⁻¹across the study sites.Among diversity metrics,FRic(0.042)and FDis(0.342)were significantly associated with higher AGC,whereas taxonomic diversity measures showed weaker correlations.Although elevation was a strong predictor of diversity patterns,it did not have a significant direct effect on carbon storage.These findings underscore the importance of incorporating functional trait diversity and topographic variability into forest management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration,strengthen ecosystem resilience and support sustainable rural livelihoods.展开更多
Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to i...Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.展开更多
Euclea undulata(E. undulata) is traditionally used for the treatment of body pains, chest complaints, cough, diabetes, diarrhoea, headaches, heart diseases and toothaches in southern Africa. This study was aimed at re...Euclea undulata(E. undulata) is traditionally used for the treatment of body pains, chest complaints, cough, diabetes, diarrhoea, headaches, heart diseases and toothaches in southern Africa. This study was aimed at reviewing the botany, ethnopharmacology and biological activities of E. undulata in southern Africa. Results presented in this study are based on review of literature using search engines such as Science Direct, Springerlink,Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science, Bio Med Central and Google Scholar. Herbal medicine is prepared from the decoctions of the roots, bark and leaves, and extracts of these plant parts have demonstrated anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antiplasmodial, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities. Multiple classes of phytochemical compounds such alkaloids, diterpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, glycosides, naphthoquinones, phenolics, phytosterols, reducing sugars, saponins and tannins have been isolated from the species. E. undulata has a lot of potential as herbal medicine in tropical Africa, and advanced research is required aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.展开更多
Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy,District Swat,invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various purposes.Based on their traditional local uses,fifty-seven species (45.2...Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy,District Swat,invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various purposes.Based on their traditional local uses,fifty-seven species (45.2%) were classified as medicinal,forty-seven as fire wood (37.3%),forty-five as forage (35.7%),twenty-eight as honey bee species (22.2%),twenty-seven as vegetable species (21.4%),25 as edible fruits (14 wild and 11cultivated),thirteen as timber wood (10.3%),twelve as ornamental (9.5%),eleven as furniture wood,ten as shelter and thatch makers (7.9%),ten as fencing (7.9%),five as poisonous (4%),four as religious/superstitious species,three species used in making hand sticks and wooden tools (2.4%),three as utensil cleaner species (2.4%),three as evil repellent and one as fish poisoning species.The area is in plant resources and traditional knowledge but it needs ecological management for its sustainability.展开更多
Diospyros lycioides Desf.(D. lycioides) is traditionally used as herbal medicine against various human and animal ailments in tropical Africa. The present paper reviewed information on botany, medicinal uses, phytoche...Diospyros lycioides Desf.(D. lycioides) is traditionally used as herbal medicine against various human and animal ailments in tropical Africa. The present paper reviewed information on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of D. lycioides. This review was compiled using scientific literature from electronic search engine such as PubMed,Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, BioMed Central, Scielo, Medline and Science domain.Additional literatures were obtained from book chapters, books, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. D. lycioides is used as traditional medicine in 50% of the countries where the species is native in tropical Africa. This study recorded 22 medicinal uses of D.lycioides which included abdominal pains, infertility in women, sexually transmitted infections,and used as chewing sticks(or mouthwash), toothbrushes and ethnoveterinary medicine. D.lycioides extracts demonstrated anti-adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, antioxidant,antifungal, antiproliferative, mutagenicity and antibacterial activities. Future research should focus on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, clinical trials and pharmacokinetics of D. lycioides which will enhance the therapeutic potential of the species.展开更多
A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during ...A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.展开更多
Elaeagnaceae Juss. belongs to the family Elaeagnus L. and Shepherdia Nutt. This study aims at the significance and vegetative reproduction of species of the family (Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. and Shepherdia canadens...Elaeagnaceae Juss. belongs to the family Elaeagnus L. and Shepherdia Nutt. This study aims at the significance and vegetative reproduction of species of the family (Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.) in the national economy. The trials were carried out in the experimental site of SamSU’s Botanic Garden, which is named after Sharof Rashidov. The study’s findings are based on the results obtained by planting cuttings of S. canadensis and E. macrophylla species of varying sizes and durations, as well as the cuttings’ roots and the impacts of growth chemicals.展开更多
Lianas are distributed as ornamental, perennial plants that are widely used in landscaping and popular all over the world. However, in recent times, ornamental lianas have also been used for vertical landscaping in re...Lianas are distributed as ornamental, perennial plants that are widely used in landscaping and popular all over the world. However, in recent times, ornamental lianas have also been used for vertical landscaping in residential buildings. Today, many lianas occupy a leading position among plants, due to their landscape features, such as the colorfulness of flowers, the variety of leaf shapes, and their aroma. The practice of growing flowers in Uzbekistan dates back to ancient times. Floriculture came to our republic through the Great Silk Road from China, Egypt, and India. Because of this, ornamental plants have been widely used for landscaping in cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Shahrisabz, Kokand, and Margilan. Nowadays, perennial lianas are planted on the grounds of the Botanical Garden at Samarkand State University, and collections of these plants have been created. The garden area contains various species of lianas, including Lonicera japonica Thunb, Clematis florida Thunb, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern) Fritsch, Hedera spiral L, Hedera canariensis Willd, Campsis radicans L, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A.Chev.), Humulus lupulus L, Aristolochia clematitis L, and several varieties of Rosa canina L. such as Golden Celebration, Paprika, Aspirin, Burgund, and Rosarium Uetersen.展开更多
文摘Lichens exhibit exceptional ecological adaptability,thriving in diverse habitats ranging from temperate forests to extreme environments.They colonize various substrates,including tree bark,rocks,soil,and artificial surfaces,playing critical roles as bioindicators of air quality and environmental change.Despite their ecological and economic importance,regions like Pakistan remain underexplored for lichen diversity,leaving significant gaps in knowledge about local lichen flora.This study hypothesizes that the ecological diversity and environmental gradients in the Hazara Division,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,significantly influence the distribution,composition,and community structure of lichens.Field surveys were conducted from March 2021 to December 2023 across 48 locations in the Hazara Division,covering diverse altitudes,aspects,and vegetation types.Epiphytic lichens were sampled using standardized transect methods with vertical grids on tree stems.Specimens were collected,shade-dried,and identified using chemical spot tests.Multivariate analyses,including TWINSPAN,CCA,and DCA,were employed to examine species-environment relationships.A total of 97 lichen species were identified across 44 genera and 19 families.Physciaceae was the dominant family(24 species).Foliose lichens represented 55%of the total species,highlighting morphological diversity.Among the recorded species,11 were new to Pakistan,and 30 were newly documented for the Himalayan region of Hazara.The study documented 52 host tree species across 36 genera,with Quercus being the most dominant genus.Multivariate analyses identified seven distinct lichen communities.Altitude and road distance emerged as the strongest drivers of lichen distribution,with specific species exhibiting distinct responses to environmental gradients.In DCA ordination the Eigen value was maximum for axis 1,(0.67)followed by axis 2(0.56).The maximum gradients was 5.87 recorded axis 1.Canonical Correspondence Analysis captured 15.09%of the total variation,with significant contributions from altitude,temperature,and substrate type.The per mutation result for all axis were pseudo(F=1.1,P=0.01).The result showed that species,stand and environmental variables were in linear combination with each other.This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of lichen diversity and ecology in the Hazara Division,unveiling significant species-environment relationships and ecological patterns.The findings underscore the importance of multivariate analysis in lichen studies and highlight the region's potential for further ecological and conservation research.
文摘Rice cultivation,vital to global food security and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),faces increasing threats from industrial pollution,which contaminates soil and water,endangers human health,and weakens agricultural resilience.Studies indicate that contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants,radioactive elements,dyes,and potentially toxic elements,particularly from mining and industrial activities,significantly degrade soil fertility,impair plant health,and introduce harmful residues into the food chain.This contamination compromises food safety and diminishes agricultural productivity,posing a serious challenge to sustainability.Addressing these impacts requires sustainable industrial practices,advanced technologies,and eco-friendly remediation techniques.Solutions like biochar applications,precision farming,and artificial intelligence(AI)-driven pollution detection provide effective measures for restoring soil health,protecting crop integrity,and ensuring the resilience of rice farming.These approaches align rice cultivation with global sustainability goals by integrating sustainable soil and water management,adaptive crop selection,and AI innovations.Protecting rice cultivation upholds farmer livelihoods and strengthens global commitments to SDGs Zero Hunger and a resilient,safe food supply,underscoring the essential balance between industrial progress and sustainable rice cultivation.
文摘Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.ex Royle,an endangered Ayurvedic medicinal plant,is predominantly found in the alpine and subalpine zones of the Himalayas.This study aimed to enhance seed germination under various soil conditions,to facilitate conservation and provide opportunities for income generation through large-scale cultivation.The selection of soil treatments was based on their contrasting physicochemical properties and known influence on seed germination in related high altitude species.The study was conducted in a mist chamber at the Deoban nursery in Dehradun,India,using five soil conditions:normal forest soil(NS),vermiculite(Vc),vermiculite+normal forest soil(Vc+NS),normal forest soil+sand(NS+S),and a mixture of soil,sand,vermiculite,and vermicompost(NS+S+Vc+VCo).All the soil treatments were replicated ten times under the controlled environmental conditions.These substrates were selected to represent a gradient of water retention,aeration,nutrient content,and organic matter composition,which are known to affect seed germination and early seedling development.Results showed significant different among treatments in terms of physical and chemical soil properties in sand,silt,clay,pH,organic carbon,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,as well as growth parameters such as,seed vigor index,root length,plant length,and leaf number across soil conditions.Among all treatments,vermiculite alone showed the highest germination rate(73.33%),peak germination value(0.719),and seed vigor index(24.02),along with superior growth parameters and the lowest seed mortality index(2.45).These findings in addition to its low seed mortality underscore vermiculite's potential as a suitable growth medium for the ex-situ cultivation of A.heterophyllum offering a promising alternative to wild harvesting while supporting conservation and sustainable use of this valuable Himalayan species.
基金The corresponding author is also deeply grateful to Ministry of Minority Affairs,Government of India,for providing financial assistance(MANF-JAM-99722)during his research work.
文摘Plant tissue culture represents an advanced biotechnological technique for propagating and conserving threatened plant species efficiently.This method enables the rapid production of genetically identical plants under controlled sterile laboratory conditions(in vitro).Its applications span forestry,horticulture,and,crucially,plant breeding.Nanoparticles have emerged as innovative tools to address limitations in conventional plant tissue culture,offering diverse functionalities based on their unique physicochemical properties.This review focuses on the utilization of nanotechnology in enhancing various aspects of plant tissue culture.Nanoparticles,such as silver and zinc oxide,have demonstrated significant roles as antimicrobial agents and anti-browning agents.They also serve as elicitors,stimulating callus proliferation,root elongation,rapid shoot formation,and the enhanced production of bioactive compounds on a large scale.Furthermore,nanoparticles contribute to mitigating oxidative stress within cells,thereby promoting increased callus formation,elongated roots,and elevated production of secondary metabolites.Their influence extends to somaclonal variation and genetic transformation processes within plant tissue culture.These contributions collectively underscore the potential of nanoparticles to foster more efficient,sustainable,and scalable biotechnological solutions in in vitro culture.The implications extend to reducing resource dependency and mitigating environmental impacts,positioning nanotechnology as a transformative approach in sustainable plant biotechnology.
文摘Rapid colonization by invasive plants threatened local biodiversity worldwide;however,their distributional hotspots and future habitat shifts remain poorly understood in developing nations such as Nigeria.Using MaxEnt model,we investigated present and future habitat suitability for two aggressive invaders,C.odorata and T.diversifolia,across Nigeria's urban landscapes.We used a dataset consisting of 327 and 108 occurrence points for C.odorata and T.diversifolia,respectively,along with twenty-three(23)environmental variables to identify occurrence and areas of concern under current climatic fluctuations.The results revealed that the model performed strongly(AUC>0.85)and identified precipitation seasonality as the dominant predictor for both species.The finding indicates that precipitation seasonality of≤59 CV,isothermality of≥57%and precipitation of wettest month of≥170 mm enhance niche occupancy of C.odorata,while precipitation seasonality of 62-70 CV,precipitation of wettest quarter and maximum temperature of warmest month of≥450 mm and 35℃,respectively enhance that of T.differsifolia.Current predictions place C.odorata primarily along the southern coast,while T.diversifolia is most suitable in the southwest and extends into the northcentral.Future suitable area for C.odorata will slightly expand by 2050 and 2070,encroaching into southeastern and some central states.In contrast,T.diversifolia contracts under CNRM-CM5 but shows a modest expansion under GFDL-CM3.These projections indicate that climate change may reinforce the dominance of C.odorata in southern Nigeria,whereas T.differsifolia may exhibit divergent trajectories from southern to certain northern states in the future.
基金supported by the Construction of High Quality and Efficient Mechanized Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Team of Characteristic Coarse Cereals in Guizhou Province,China(No.BQW[2024]009)the Research and Integrated Application of Key Technologies of Green and High Yield in Characteristic Mountain Agriculture,China(No.[2023]07)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project of China(No.[2022]091)。
文摘Plant-parasitic nematodes(PPNs)(Meloidogyne sp.,Globodera sp.,and Pratylenchus sp.)and fungi are two of the most economically important groups of organisms affecting agricultural productivity worldwide.The interactions among PPNs,biocontrol fungi,and soil ecosystem can significantly impact plant health,disease management,and ecosystem functioning.We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex relationships between PPNs and biocontrol fungi,including pathogenic and biocontrol interactions.We summarized the molecular and ecological mechanisms underlying these interactions,highlighting the key players,signaling pathways,and environmental factors that influence the interactions.We also reviewed current knowledge on fungus-based biocontrol strategies against PPNs,including the development of novel management approaches.Furthermore,we explored the prospects of nematode-fungus interactions in agriculture,including the potential applications and technologies,precision agriculture,and integrated pest management approaches.This review highlights the need for further research on nematode-fungus interactions and their impact on plant infection and productivity,with an emphasis on the development of sustainable and effective strategies for managing PPNs and enhancing plant health in agricultural ecosystems.
基金supported by the Lendület/Momentum Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciencesthe National Research, Development, and Innovation Office, Hungary (Grant Nos. LP2024/21 and K146791)+2 种基金Bayers fellowship program MEDHA and Department of Botany, University of Calicutthe financial assistance provided in the form of Junior Research Fellowship from the University Grants Commission (UGC), Indiathe financial assistance provided by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR), India
文摘Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.
基金University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India(No.220520018204)for completion of this work。
文摘With rising anthropogenic activities,the contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals has become a pressing global concern,posing significant threats to plant growth,soil health,and human safety.Biochar,derived from pyrolysis of organic wastes,has emerged as a promising,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly solution for mitigating heavy metal toxicity in soil.This review explores the multifunctional properties of biochar that make it an effective adsorbent for heavy metals,highlighting the pivotal role of pyrolysis temperature in determining its physiochemical and structural properties.Higher pyrolytic temperatures enhance biochar's specific surface area,microporosity,p H,and stability,contributing to its increased efficiency in adsorbing heavy metals such as chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)),cadmium(Cd(Ⅱ)),and zinc(Zn(Ⅱ)).The mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization by biochar are influenced by the variations in biomass feedstock,pyrolysis conditions,and functional group modifications.This review also delves into the molecular mechanisms by which biochar regulates stress responses in plants,including the expression of key genes like Os FSD1,Os CAT,Os SOD,and Bn IRT1,which mitigate oxidative stress induced by heavy metals.Thus,by improving soil properties and promoting plant resilience,biochar stands as a versatile soil amendment with vast potential for environmental bioremediation.
基金The Hariyoban Program,WWF-Nepal(under grant agreement#GX67)the Rector’s Office,Tribhuvan University provided partial financial support for this work。
文摘Biological invasion is one of the leading causes of global biodiversity loss and the degradation of ecosystem services.Wetlands situated within human-dominated landscapes are particularly vulnerable to these invasions.However,extent of plant invasions in many wetlands remains insufficiently known for guiding effective management.This study aimed to analyze the status of plant invasions in the Lake Cluster of the Pokhara Valley(LCPV),a Ramsar site encompassing nine wetlands in the rapidly urbanizing region of central Nepal.A total of 89 plots(20 m×5 m)along the lakeshore were surveyed to record the richness and coverage of both native and naturalized plant species.Water samples were also collected from each plot to measure nitrogen and phosphorus levels.Data were analyzed using analysis of variance,generalized linear models,multiple regression,and canonical correspondence analysis.The results revealed significant variation in native and naturalized species richness and composition across the wetlands.Naturalized species richness was positively correlated with native species richness.Species richness was the highest in the smallest wetlands site(i.e.,Kamalpokhari)and the species composition of the largest wetland site with the highest tourist visitation(i.e.,Phewa lake)was distinctly different from the rest of the other wetlands.Species composition similarity increased when only the naturalized species were accounted,relative to the scenario when only native species were considered,suggesting increased homogenization due to plant invasions.No significant effects of nitrogen or phosphorus levels on species richness or coverage were found.Understanding these local drivers that affect naturalized plant diversity in the LCPV can inform management strategies to protect these wetlands from further invasion by alien species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277481,42007410,32271667,42207537)。
文摘Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are critical for plant drought adaptation,but their environmental drivers under prolonged drought remains unclear.We investigated seasonal NSCs dynamics in the leaf,stem and root of Picea crass ifolia(Qinghai spruce)during the growing seasons of2021-2023 under intensifying drought at three altitudes in Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.Our results revealed synchronous seasonal patterns in soluble sugar,starch,and total non-structural carbohydrate within the same year,contrasting with marked altitudinal disparities.As drought progressed(from 2021 to 2023),soluble sugars initially increased(2022)then declined(2023),while starch showed consistent reduction(except leaves).Moreover,the altitude of peak NSCs concentrations shifted from 3200 m in 2021to 2700 m in 2023.In particular,prolonged drought alters the environmental factors affecting NSCs.NSCs demonstrated significant positive correlations with soil temperature during humid 2021,then negatively with air temperature,vapor pressure deficit,and precipitation during 2022's initial drought,whereas under 2023's persistent drought conditions,soil temperature and water content emerged as dominant drivers.Concurrently,the ratio of soluble sugar to starch transitioned from air temperature and precipitation associations(2021-2022)to soil parameter dependence in2023.These findings provide new insights into the seasonal carbon dynamics of Qinghai spruce and the environmental response mechanisms under increasing drought stress,contributing to a better understanding of tree physiological adaptations in drought stress.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31670207).
文摘The genus Clematis(Ranunculaceae)comprises over 300 species with remarkable morphological and ecological diversity worldwide.Despite its horticultural,medicinal,and ecological importance,a well-resolved phylogeny and coherent infrageneric classification are still lacking.Here,we reconstruct a robust phylogeny for Clematis using a phylogenomic approach and revise its infrageneric taxonomy.We incorporated 198 samples representing 151 species,two subspecies,and 12 varieties,covering all subgenera and most sections worldwide,obtained from both fresh and herbarium material.Nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and complete plastid genomes were assembled for phylogenetic analyses.We also prepared a nuclear ribosomal ITS(nrITS)dataset comprising 171 species,two subspecies,and 12 varieties(217 samples)to include as many species as possible for phylogenetic inference.Phylogenies based on plastid genomes and nrITS exhibited limited resolution and modest support,highlighting challenges in resolving certain relationships.Nuclear SNP analyses yielded a robust phylogenetic tree with 22 well-supported clades corresponding to 22 sections,with most previously recognized subgenera and sections not recovered as monophyletic.Ancestral state reconstruction of 12 key morphological characters revealed multiple independent origins of character states.This study presents the first comprehensive sectional classification for Clematis based on robust phylogenomic evidence,redefines morphological characteristics for each section,and resolves long-standing taxonomic ambiguities.Our results establish a framework for future studies on the evolution,ecology,and horticultural potential of this globally significant genus.
基金supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.2022JJ40505 and 2024JJ8069)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21671026)The authors would like to extend their appreciation to Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP-2025-R20),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘La-BiO_(2-x)composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through a single-step hydrothermal strategy.The introduction of La3+into the BiO_(2-x)lattice replaces the Bi^(3+)in the BiO_(2-x)lattice,resulting in a new defect level and oxygen vacancies(Vo)generation.The·O_(2)^(−)generated in the surface of Vo,which was converted into singlet oxygen(1O2)with the transformation of Bi^(5+)to Bi^(3+).Upon visible(near-infrared)light irradiation,the removal rates of tetracycline(TC),oxytetracycline(OTC),and levofloxacin(LEV)by trace 5%La-BiO_(2-x)(0.1 g/L)reached 84.18%(55.56%),78.85%and 70.12%,respectively.The Toxicity Estimation Software Tool(T.E.S.T)based on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship(QSAR)models illustrated that the biological toxicity of TC intermediates can be eliminated by 5%La-BiO_(2-x).The green bean germination rates in 5%La-BiO_(2-x)treated TC solution was close to that in the tap water(100.0%).The inorganic anion and humic acid(HA)exhibited almost no influence on the degradation of TC in lake water and river water.This study enhances the comprehension of biological toxicity elimination in antibiotics degradation process,providing the possibilities for actual applications of La-BiO_(2-x).
文摘Subtropical evergreen sub-montane forests in Punjab,Pakistan,are vital for carbon sequestration and play an essential role in supporting local communities.While the global importance of tree species diversity in enhancing aboveground carbon(AGC)storage is well established,there remains limited empirical evidence from Pakistan’s forest ecosystems.This study investigated how taxonomic and functional diversity,alongside topographical variables,influence AGC across four districts in Punjab.Taxonomic metrics such as the Importance Value Index(IVI)and genus richness were computed,along with functional diversity indices including functional richness(FRic),functional dispersion(FDis),functional divergence(FDiv),and functional evenness(FEve).AGC was estimated using species-specific allometric equations,and linear mixed-effects models were applied to identify the most influential predictors.Acacia modesta and A.nilotica emerged as the dominant species in the studied sites.While species richness and biomass increased with elevation,Shannon diversity showed a negative relationship with elevation.AGC values ranged from 100 to 350 Mg ha⁻¹across the study sites.Among diversity metrics,FRic(0.042)and FDis(0.342)were significantly associated with higher AGC,whereas taxonomic diversity measures showed weaker correlations.Although elevation was a strong predictor of diversity patterns,it did not have a significant direct effect on carbon storage.These findings underscore the importance of incorporating functional trait diversity and topographic variability into forest management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration,strengthen ecosystem resilience and support sustainable rural livelihoods.
文摘Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)Govan Mbeki Research and Development Centre(GMRDC),University of Fort Hare
文摘Euclea undulata(E. undulata) is traditionally used for the treatment of body pains, chest complaints, cough, diabetes, diarrhoea, headaches, heart diseases and toothaches in southern Africa. This study was aimed at reviewing the botany, ethnopharmacology and biological activities of E. undulata in southern Africa. Results presented in this study are based on review of literature using search engines such as Science Direct, Springerlink,Scopus, Pub Med, Web of Science, Bio Med Central and Google Scholar. Herbal medicine is prepared from the decoctions of the roots, bark and leaves, and extracts of these plant parts have demonstrated anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antiplasmodial, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities. Multiple classes of phytochemical compounds such alkaloids, diterpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, glycosides, naphthoquinones, phenolics, phytosterols, reducing sugars, saponins and tannins have been isolated from the species. E. undulata has a lot of potential as herbal medicine in tropical Africa, and advanced research is required aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.
文摘Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy,District Swat,invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various purposes.Based on their traditional local uses,fifty-seven species (45.2%) were classified as medicinal,forty-seven as fire wood (37.3%),forty-five as forage (35.7%),twenty-eight as honey bee species (22.2%),twenty-seven as vegetable species (21.4%),25 as edible fruits (14 wild and 11cultivated),thirteen as timber wood (10.3%),twelve as ornamental (9.5%),eleven as furniture wood,ten as shelter and thatch makers (7.9%),ten as fencing (7.9%),five as poisonous (4%),four as religious/superstitious species,three species used in making hand sticks and wooden tools (2.4%),three as utensil cleaner species (2.4%),three as evil repellent and one as fish poisoning species.The area is in plant resources and traditional knowledge but it needs ecological management for its sustainability.
基金supported by Govan Mbeki Research and Development Centre(CMRDC grant number C169)University of Fort Hare and the National Research Foundation(NRF grant number T398)
文摘Diospyros lycioides Desf.(D. lycioides) is traditionally used as herbal medicine against various human and animal ailments in tropical Africa. The present paper reviewed information on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of D. lycioides. This review was compiled using scientific literature from electronic search engine such as PubMed,Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, BioMed Central, Scielo, Medline and Science domain.Additional literatures were obtained from book chapters, books, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. D. lycioides is used as traditional medicine in 50% of the countries where the species is native in tropical Africa. This study recorded 22 medicinal uses of D.lycioides which included abdominal pains, infertility in women, sexually transmitted infections,and used as chewing sticks(or mouthwash), toothbrushes and ethnoveterinary medicine. D.lycioides extracts demonstrated anti-adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, antioxidant,antifungal, antiproliferative, mutagenicity and antibacterial activities. Future research should focus on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, clinical trials and pharmacokinetics of D. lycioides which will enhance the therapeutic potential of the species.
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for funding the publication of this work(Project number:KFU250560).
文摘A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.
文摘Elaeagnaceae Juss. belongs to the family Elaeagnus L. and Shepherdia Nutt. This study aims at the significance and vegetative reproduction of species of the family (Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. and Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.) in the national economy. The trials were carried out in the experimental site of SamSU’s Botanic Garden, which is named after Sharof Rashidov. The study’s findings are based on the results obtained by planting cuttings of S. canadensis and E. macrophylla species of varying sizes and durations, as well as the cuttings’ roots and the impacts of growth chemicals.
文摘Lianas are distributed as ornamental, perennial plants that are widely used in landscaping and popular all over the world. However, in recent times, ornamental lianas have also been used for vertical landscaping in residential buildings. Today, many lianas occupy a leading position among plants, due to their landscape features, such as the colorfulness of flowers, the variety of leaf shapes, and their aroma. The practice of growing flowers in Uzbekistan dates back to ancient times. Floriculture came to our republic through the Great Silk Road from China, Egypt, and India. Because of this, ornamental plants have been widely used for landscaping in cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Shahrisabz, Kokand, and Margilan. Nowadays, perennial lianas are planted on the grounds of the Botanical Garden at Samarkand State University, and collections of these plants have been created. The garden area contains various species of lianas, including Lonicera japonica Thunb, Clematis florida Thunb, Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern) Fritsch, Hedera spiral L, Hedera canariensis Willd, Campsis radicans L, Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (A.Chev.), Humulus lupulus L, Aristolochia clematitis L, and several varieties of Rosa canina L. such as Golden Celebration, Paprika, Aspirin, Burgund, and Rosarium Uetersen.
