Despite public and private investments in the senior housing sector,an alternative to retirement homes is not yet truly present in Italy,except for a few rare cases.The spots in residential facilities for the elderly ...Despite public and private investments in the senior housing sector,an alternative to retirement homes is not yet truly present in Italy,except for a few rare cases.The spots in residential facilities for the elderly are limited and not enough to fill a demand for spaces that is continuously increasing.Another underlying problem is that the type of user that senior housing is aimed at is not currently considered by the Italian market;the impact of factors that can decrease the quality of life in elderly people,such as loneliness,lack of physical activity or loss of routine is underestimated.This set of negative factors promotes the opposite of what is considered active aging.In recent years senior houses,intended as a residential typology for self-sufficient elderly people,have undergone a significant evolution,reflecting social,demographic and technological changes;this reflects a paradigm shift in the way society approaches care to the elderly,focusing increasingly on autonomy,personalization and well-being.From 2010 to 2024,there has been greater attention towards customization of programs and spaces dedicated to the elderly,with the aim of offering services that meet everyone’s specific needs.Senior houses are becoming more oriented towards a wellbeing-based approach and are starting to focus on social inclusion as well,promoting recreational and cultural activities to improve the quality of life of elderly vips.A strategy used for social inclusion is to dedicate part of the project to functions open to the public(kindergartens,community centers,spaces for associations,etc.)so that the project fits into the urban level of the city by interacting with it.The proposal is to integrate cultural spaces with senior housing in a way that the elderly residents can become the keepers and narrators of local heritage,creating intergenerational communities.展开更多
Traditional architecture is a cultural expression of a community that has developed from time to time with changes in and continuity of its cultural values.There are cultural values that remain stable and can still su...Traditional architecture is a cultural expression of a community that has developed from time to time with changes in and continuity of its cultural values.There are cultural values that remain stable and can still survive in contemporary culture,whereas others change following the socio-cultural development of the community.There needs to be a balance between the change in and continuity of cultural values to achieve the sustainability of traditional architecture.Balance can be achieved if the core of its heritage,which is the cultural values of the community,is maintained and if the heritage values of old cultural products can be appreciated in contemporary culture.Tenganan Pegringsingan Village,a traditional Bali Aga village,has developed into a cultural tourism village.Most of its residents are involved in tourism activities,having opened art shops in their houses and selling crafts in the open spaces of the village.Problems arise when changes in the architecture of the village and residents'houses,regarding which there is fear that they will affect the sustainability of residents'traditional cultural values,increase.This study aims to examine the changes in and continuity of traditional architecture in the Tenganan Pegringsingan Village settlement.It observed the village and spatial layout of houses,conducted in-depth interviews with homeowners and village leaders,and was supported by data from questionnaires.Qualitative analysis was carried out,supported by maps,photos,and architectural drawings.This study revealed that there are changes in four elements of village architecture due to tourism,including village spatial design,the function and design of awangan(open space),the function and layout of houses,and building façades.The intervention of the government and the involvement of the community in tourism activities for economic interests have triggered many changes.However,the continuity of these components still exists because the village community continues to strongly hold traditional rules.Tenganan Pegringsingan Village is under threat due to the decline of its architectural continuity,which will obscure and degrade the cultural values of its heritage.The balance between the change in and continuity of the elements of village spatial design and houses,which is strongly influenced by the dynamics of the community's cultural life,is the novelty of this architectural research.展开更多
Unbonded post-tensioned(PT)concrete systems are widely used in safety-critical structures,yet model-ing practices for prestress implementation and tendon-concrete interaction remain inconsistent.This study investigate...Unbonded post-tensioned(PT)concrete systems are widely used in safety-critical structures,yet model-ing practices for prestress implementation and tendon-concrete interaction remain inconsistent.This study investigates the effects of sheath(duct)implementation and confinement assumptions through nonlinear finite element analysis.Four modeling cases were defined,consisting of an explicit sheath without tendon-concrete confinement(S)and three no-sheath variants with different confinement levels(X,N,A).One-way beams and two-way panels were analyzed,and panel blast responses were validated against experimental results.In both beams and panels,average initial stress levels were similar across models,through local stress concentrations appeared when the sheath was modeled.Under blast loading,these local effects became critical,and the sheath-implemented model reproduced experimental behavior most accurately,whereas non-implemented models deviated.Reduced blast intensity diminished the differences among models,thereby reaffirming that sheath-induced localization and damage propagation are critical factors.These findings highlight the importance of explicit sheath implementation for realistic numerical assessment of unbonded PT structures under extreme loads.展开更多
The stress minimization multi-material topology optimization(MMTO)approach has recently attracted significant attention because of its applications in aerospace and mechanical engineering.Nonetheless,the stress minimi...The stress minimization multi-material topology optimization(MMTO)approach has recently attracted significant attention because of its applications in aerospace and mechanical engineering.Nonetheless,the stress minimization MMTO approach may result in stress surpassing the material's tolerance limit,potentially culminating in failure.This research proposes a novel way for imposing stress constraints on each material to regulate their respective stress levels.The fundamental concept is that each material possesses its own interpolation function for the stress model.The maximum von Mises stress for each material can be established with the definition of an upper limit,ensuring that the materials will perform safely and effectively.This aids topological structures in resisting failure and augmenting strength.A multi-physics system including thermoelastic and self-weight loads is concurrently examined alongside stress limitations.The global stress constraint utilizes the p-norm function,and the adjoint method is used to derive sensitivity.This work employs a three-field strategy utilizing density filtering and Heaviside projection functions to mitigate the artificial stress in low density.The technique is assessed through two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)examples,illustrating the influence of stress limits on the compliance minimization under heat and self-weight loads.The optimized results indicate a substantial decrease in the stress levels accompanied by a minor gain in compliance,while maintaining the stress within the specified range for all materials.展开更多
Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive exa...Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.展开更多
Mental-health risk detection seeks early signs of distress from social media posts and clinical transcripts to enable timely intervention before crises.When such risks go undetected,consequences can escalate to self-h...Mental-health risk detection seeks early signs of distress from social media posts and clinical transcripts to enable timely intervention before crises.When such risks go undetected,consequences can escalate to self-harm,long-term disability,reduced productivity,and significant societal and economic burden.Despite recent advances,detecting risk from online text remains challenging due to heterogeneous language,evolving semantics,and the sequential emergence of new datasets.Effective solutions must encode clinically meaningful cues,reason about causal relations,and adapt to new domains without forgetting prior knowledge.To address these challenges,this paper presents a Continual Neuro-Symbolic Graph Learning(CNSGL)framework that unifies symbolic reasoning,causal inference,and continual learning within a single architecture.Each post is represented as a symbolic graph linking clinically relevant tags to textual content,enriched with causal edges derived from directional Point-wise Mutual Information(PMI).A two-layer Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)encodes these graphs,and a Transformer-based attention pooler aggregates node embeddings while providing interpretable tag-level importances.Continual adaptation across datasets is achieved through the Multi-Head Freeze(MH-Freeze)strategy,which freezes a shared encoder and incrementally trains lightweight task-specific heads(small classifiers attached to the shared embedding).Experimental evaluations across six diverse mental-health datasets ranging from Reddit discourse to clinical interviews,demonstrate that MH-Freeze consistently outperforms existing continual-learning baselines in both discriminative accuracy and calibration reliability.Across six datasets,MH-Freeze achieves up to 0.925 accuracy and 0.923 F1-Score,with AUPRC≥0.934 and AUROC≥0.942,consistently surpassing all continual-learning baselines.The results confirm the framework’s ability to preserve prior knowledge,adapt to domain shifts,and maintain causal interpretability,establishing CNSGL as a promising step toward robust,explainable,and lifelong mental-health risk assessment.展开更多
Concrete production often relies on natural aggregates,which can lead to resource depletion and environmental harm.In addition,improper disposal of thermoplastic waste exacerbates ecological problems.Although signific...Concrete production often relies on natural aggregates,which can lead to resource depletion and environmental harm.In addition,improper disposal of thermoplastic waste exacerbates ecological problems.Although significant attention has recently been given to recycling various waste materials into concrete,studies specifically addressing thermoplastic recycled aggregates are still trending.This underscores the need to comprehensively review existing literature,identify research trends,and recognize gaps in understanding the mechanical performance of thermoplastic-based recycled aggregate concrete.Accordingly,this review summarizes recent investigations focused on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic-based recycled aggregate concrete,emphasizing aspects such as compressive strength,tensile behavior,modulus of elasticity,and durability characteristics.The primary aim is to consolidate scattered research findings,identify key parameters influencing mechanical behavior,and propose future research directions.Understanding the influence of recycled thermoplastic aggregates on concrete performance significantly supports sustainable construction practices by reducing dependency on virgin aggregates and mitigating environmental impacts associated with waste disposal.In addition,assessing mechanical performance contributes to confidence in the practical application,encouraging the broader adoption of thermoplastic-based recycled aggregate concrete in construction projects.Through this critical synthesis,the review guides researchers and industry practitioners toward informed decisions on the feasibility and reliability of integrating thermoplastic waste into concrete,thereby promoting sustainable infrastructure development.展开更多
Conventional low-carbon concrete design approaches have often overlooked carbonation durability and the progressive loss of cover caused by surface scaling,both of which can increase the long-term risk of reinforcemen...Conventional low-carbon concrete design approaches have often overlooked carbonation durability and the progressive loss of cover caused by surface scaling,both of which can increase the long-term risk of reinforcement corrosion.To address these limitations,this study proposes an improved design framework for low-carbon slag concrete that simultaneously incorporates carbonation durability and cover scaling effects into the mix proportioning process.Based on experimental data,a linear predictive model was developed to estimate the 28-day compressive strength of slag concrete,achieving a correlation coefficient of R=0.87711 and a root mean square error(RMSE)of 7.55 MPa.The mechanism-based equation exhibits strong physical interpretability,as each parameter corresponds to a clear physical process,satisfying the requirements of design codes for physical significance.By integrating the strength and carbon-emission models,the carbon-emission efficiency was further analyzed.Across all water–binder ratios(0.3,0.4,0.5),CO_(2) emissions per unit strength decreased steadily with increasing slag content,indicating that carbon efficiency is primarily governed by slag replacement rather than the water/binder ratio.Four design cases,all with a design strength of 30 MPa,were then evaluated to illustrate the combined effects of carbonation and scaling.In Case 1,without considering carbonation durability,the carbonation depth after 50 years exceeded the 25 mm cover,leading to potential corrosion.In Case 2,when carbonation durability was considered,the required actual strength increased to 31.28 MPa.When mild cover scaling of 3 mm was introduced(Case 3),the required strength rose to 34.59 MPa,and under severe scaling of 10 mm(Case 4),it increased to 45.73 MPa.These results indicate that intensified scaling demands higher strength and lower water/binder ratios to maintain durability.Overall,the proposed framework quantitatively balances strength,durability,and embodied carbon,supporting sustainable low-carbon concrete design.展开更多
The domestic architecture of a traditional settlement is greatly influenced by the socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics of its residents.Benin City which is the focus of the paper is a case of a tradition...The domestic architecture of a traditional settlement is greatly influenced by the socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics of its residents.Benin City which is the focus of the paper is a case of a traditional settlement undergoing domestic architectural evolution with the changing times influenced by factors of growth and development.The paper has examined the effect of socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics as factors that partly determine the design,style,pattern,space use,organization,location and meaning as well as land use of the domestic architecture of Benin.The study employed the use of questionnaire administered to residents across the cross-section of the city.In the end,descriptive frequency tables were used to analyse the data collected from the residential zones in Benin.The research has been able to corroborate the theory that socio-economic and socio-cultural factors are some of the determinants/elements of domestic architecture of a people.展开更多
Some of the most important elements of healing architecture are light and color,which have been considered in diverse studies of environmental design for treatment and an effect on health.However,there is a lack of re...Some of the most important elements of healing architecture are light and color,which have been considered in diverse studies of environmental design for treatment and an effect on health.However,there is a lack of research in the field of the proportion of light and color with human differences.The goal of the present research is to provide a new perspective regarding the correlation between humans and the environment based on the philosophy of natural sciences in Iranian traditional medicine,with a focus on color and light to contrive an all-out balance of humans.The present article establishes a connection between traditional and modern medicine;it also indicates medical and health activists to draw their attention to the need for basic researches in traditional Iranian medicine to improve it based on scientific evidence as well as change the attitude of architects to design places based on people’s temperament(in traditional Persian medicine,temperament implies the same and new quality that results from the combination of the four elements(fire,air,water,and earth are four essential constituents of human and non-human beings)with each other and with their interaction in a composite body).This article is a descriptive method in a qualitative study that discuss elements of light and color from the perspective of traditional Persian medicine,after reviewing the history of color and light therapy.From the perspective of modern research,the study additionally discusses the effect of light and color on humans,the relationship of light and color with the temperament of people,and the effect of environmental color and light on people’s temperament.Notably,humans differ with regard to their characteristics and thus have different temperaments,which causes them to have different tendencies toward environmental factors.Qualitative data indicate the difference in the propensity of individuals to color and light according to a physical and psychological condition,and the effect of color and light on human temperament.Thus,the recommendations of traditional medicine can help present a proper pattern of design.展开更多
Streaming media data have strict delay and loss requirements, which cannot be adequately supported by the current Internet. Proxy caching technology is introduced to alleviate the effect of the bottleneck bandwidth on...Streaming media data have strict delay and loss requirements, which cannot be adequately supported by the current Internet. Proxy caching technology is introduced to alleviate the effect of the bottleneck bandwidth on the transporting quality. A new architecture of multimedia proxy caching is given to solve the problem of the traditional Web caching technology for the multimedia streaming. The mixed media management module and the (resource) management module are added to this architecture, the prefetching and replacement method is studied considering the characteristics of streaming media data, the concept of weighed popularity is given to enhance the (exactness) of the replacement algorithm.展开更多
Architecture in Jordan characterized by using the most basic raw materials in the natural environment （such as stone, straw and mud etc.）. Jordanian designer interacts with natural materials and link these materials...Architecture in Jordan characterized by using the most basic raw materials in the natural environment （such as stone, straw and mud etc.）. Jordanian designer interacts with natural materials and link these materials to the local environment and the climatic characteristics of the place. This research focuses on the basic material in construction in Jordan, a substance of natural stone, where the researchers studied the historical relationship between architecture in Jordan and natural stone material, and also studied the properties, specifications, types and methods of formation of this natural material. This research aims to shed light on the modern material of architecture in Jordan and how the architects deal with natural stone and other alternative materials where the architects became underestimate the use of natural stone material and use modern materials far from the architectural heritage and which are sometimes not compatible with the construction environment in Jordan. To conclude from this study the importance of maintaining the continuity of the historical relationship between natural stone and Jordanian architecture, where the study recommends to the possibility of development of use this material through using it in interior architecture to conserve on natural stone as a feedstock in the architecture of Jordan.展开更多
Rational and intuitive can be considered as two sides of the same coin? If they coexist in the design process,what do they refer to and what do they stand out for? What kind of relationship can be established between ...Rational and intuitive can be considered as two sides of the same coin? If they coexist in the design process,what do they refer to and what do they stand out for? What kind of relationship can be established between the act of prefiguring the work and of putting it into operation,according to procedures and techniques that are coherent and necessary for its construction? The value of an architectural project is shown by its being a continuous search for expression of art,even if,as we know,architecture also has a social function and plays a civil role.The universal meanings and the cultural reference context,which have always been the heritage of the architectural project,are increasingly taking on a secondary value.Issues and concepts such as:tradition,memory,modernity,invention and location seem to have lost any research prerogative at the expense of the meaning and use attributed to the architectural and urban composition in the overall design process.展开更多
Purpose:This paper presents the ARQUIGRAFIA project,an open,public and nonprofit,continuous growth web collaborative environment dedicated to Brazilian architectural photographic images.Design/methodology/approach:The...Purpose:This paper presents the ARQUIGRAFIA project,an open,public and nonprofit,continuous growth web collaborative environment dedicated to Brazilian architectural photographic images.Design/methodology/approach:The ARQUIGRAFIA project promotes the active and collaborative participation among its institutional users(GLAMs,NGOs,laboratories and research groups)and private users(students,professionals,professors,researchers),both can create an account and share their digitized iconographic collections in the same Web environment by uploading their files,indexing,georeferencing and assigning a Creative Commons license.Findings:The development of users interactions by means of semantic differentials impressions recording on visible plastic-spatial aspects of the architectures in synthetic infographics,as well as by the retrieval of images through an advanced system search based on those impressions parameters.By gamification means,the system often invites users to review images’in order to improve images’data accuracy.The pilot project named Open Air Museum that allows users to add audio descriptions to images in situ.An interface for users’digital curatorship will be soon available.Research limitations:The ARQUIGRAFIA’s multidisciplinary team gathering professorsresearchers,graduate and undergraduate students from the Architecture and Urbanism,Design,Information Science,Computer Science faculties of the University of S?o Paulo,demands continuous financial resources for grants,for contracting third party services,for the participation in scientific events in Brazil and abroad,and for equipment.Since 2016,significant budget cuts in the University of S?o Paulo own research funds and in Brazilian federal scientific agencies can compromise the continuity of this project.Practical implications:The open source template called+GRAFIA that can freely help other areas of knowledge to build their own visual Web collaborative environments.Originality/value:The collaborative nature of the ARQUIGRAFIA distinguishes it from institutional image databases on the internet,precisely because it involves a heterogeneous network of collaborators.展开更多
Nigeria,the home of the largest conglomeration of blacks in the world,deserves its unique architectural identity.Its variety of vernacular built environment seems to hold promise to that ambition.Vernacular architectu...Nigeria,the home of the largest conglomeration of blacks in the world,deserves its unique architectural identity.Its variety of vernacular built environment seems to hold promise to that ambition.Vernacular architecture across Nigeria’s geographical clusters has demonstrated a thorough response to the climate,local technology and socio-economic parameters in which they developed.The advent of colonialism,the spread of Islam in Africa,and the end of slave trade,impacted tremendously on the options available to developers and master builders over the years.This review paper identifies the prospective sources of evolving the country’s unique spatial identity and architectural language by critically exploring the determinant and moderating factors of the development of ethno-regional built environment for the country.The life style and the divergent historical circumstances of the nation’s core subdivisions readily suggest the devolution regional identities.The paper argues that a national identity could be forged through a five-tier synthesis of architectural strategies,to positively integrate form,space,and order imaginatively to fit user“genius loci”,i.e.sense of rootedness.The application of the courtyard within the family compound(groups of dwelling units sharing common services),serves physical,social,and economic functions concurrently.Hence,the essence of traditional style has to be cherished dearly,to ensure cultural heritage conservation of the society.It could be concluded that despite the gradual replacement of traditional building practices with modern trends;core cultural values like hierarchic selective interaction(privacy)afforded by the courtyard housing system,seem to be retained as consistent features of Nigeria’s build environment,which must be jealously guarded.展开更多
The nanotechnology can provide radical and systematic innovation in architecture. The extent to which, and the manner in which architects, engineers, researchers, builders and producers embrace this innovation will de...The nanotechnology can provide radical and systematic innovation in architecture. The extent to which, and the manner in which architects, engineers, researchers, builders and producers embrace this innovation will determine the future of architectural operations. The introduction of new materials and technologies in architecture has always led to linguistic and typological modifications. It was true even in the past, let＇s just think of the consequences of the industrial revolution. This paper presents some nano-materials for architecture, that can contribute to the energy efficiency of buildings： self-repairing concrete, insulation nano-coating, photo-catalytic cements, anti-stain coating. If we consider new materials and new technologies as a determining factor for a new architecture, then the innovations in the field of concrete, glass, lighting, prompted by nanotechnology, will also influence the language of architecture.展开更多
Water is one of the fundamental resources for the survival of humanity and during the centuries in all the world it became integral part of building and garden architecture. For this reason, starting from general cons...Water is one of the fundamental resources for the survival of humanity and during the centuries in all the world it became integral part of building and garden architecture. For this reason, starting from general considerations of our countries of origin, we wanted to collect in this article some of the most representative examples of water treatment all over the world in three different fields: the outdoor spaces, the indoor spaces and the in-between spaces, both public and private, to mark the role of water in the designing of architectural process in the last 25 years and proposals for the future not so far.展开更多
In megacities, the phenomenon of the highrise buildings which add fashion elements into the body and facades seems as big sculptures. Architect composed their work by applying the cross-pollination of design method. T...In megacities, the phenomenon of the highrise buildings which add fashion elements into the body and facades seems as big sculptures. Architect composed their work by applying the cross-pollination of design method. They adopted the various elements to enrich their building＇s facade in order to look different. On the other hand, the traditional architecture expressed the tribe civilization by placing their proud artifacts into the building＇s facade. The purpose of this study is to find a new theory of architecture during their process of becoming of the architecture＇s form. The study applied a phenomenological investigation method of several highrise building＇s facade at Jakarta and several districts of Singapore, Brisbane and Melbourne. The study result is a new theory named ＂the fashion-architecture＂ is a building composed by adopting the cross-pollination of design method. To enrich the building＇s facade, architect adopted anything including the fashion＇s design elements： accessories, millineries, and cosmetics also reflected by the traditional architecture. Their fashion-architecture works are reflecting the tribe civilization into a contemporary architecture design.展开更多
Architecture and science have always been interrelated for educational purposes.For this reason the course of Interior Architecture and Exhibit Design at Master of Science in Architecture Construction City of Politecn...Architecture and science have always been interrelated for educational purposes.For this reason the course of Interior Architecture and Exhibit Design at Master of Science in Architecture Construction City of Politecnico di Torino,starting from the knowledge of the role of the Academy and its scientific content,proposed new and current forms of exhibits and communication in respect of the courtly architecture that is called to emphasize with its language the authority and perennial values of the sciences.展开更多
The preparation and cooking of food is part of everyday life from the moment in which man began to cook meat on fire; thusa process has begun that has led the space where these functions are carried out to becoming on...The preparation and cooking of food is part of everyday life from the moment in which man began to cook meat on fire; thusa process has begun that has led the space where these functions are carried out to becoming one of the most significant environments inthe house. With the passing of time and changing needs, the kitchen has undergone substantial changes both in terms of its location andimportance within the house, and for its furnishings and equipment.展开更多
文摘Despite public and private investments in the senior housing sector,an alternative to retirement homes is not yet truly present in Italy,except for a few rare cases.The spots in residential facilities for the elderly are limited and not enough to fill a demand for spaces that is continuously increasing.Another underlying problem is that the type of user that senior housing is aimed at is not currently considered by the Italian market;the impact of factors that can decrease the quality of life in elderly people,such as loneliness,lack of physical activity or loss of routine is underestimated.This set of negative factors promotes the opposite of what is considered active aging.In recent years senior houses,intended as a residential typology for self-sufficient elderly people,have undergone a significant evolution,reflecting social,demographic and technological changes;this reflects a paradigm shift in the way society approaches care to the elderly,focusing increasingly on autonomy,personalization and well-being.From 2010 to 2024,there has been greater attention towards customization of programs and spaces dedicated to the elderly,with the aim of offering services that meet everyone’s specific needs.Senior houses are becoming more oriented towards a wellbeing-based approach and are starting to focus on social inclusion as well,promoting recreational and cultural activities to improve the quality of life of elderly vips.A strategy used for social inclusion is to dedicate part of the project to functions open to the public(kindergartens,community centers,spaces for associations,etc.)so that the project fits into the urban level of the city by interacting with it.The proposal is to integrate cultural spaces with senior housing in a way that the elderly residents can become the keepers and narrators of local heritage,creating intergenerational communities.
基金funded by the Department of Architecture and Planning,Faculty of Engineering,Universitas Gadjah Mada.
文摘Traditional architecture is a cultural expression of a community that has developed from time to time with changes in and continuity of its cultural values.There are cultural values that remain stable and can still survive in contemporary culture,whereas others change following the socio-cultural development of the community.There needs to be a balance between the change in and continuity of cultural values to achieve the sustainability of traditional architecture.Balance can be achieved if the core of its heritage,which is the cultural values of the community,is maintained and if the heritage values of old cultural products can be appreciated in contemporary culture.Tenganan Pegringsingan Village,a traditional Bali Aga village,has developed into a cultural tourism village.Most of its residents are involved in tourism activities,having opened art shops in their houses and selling crafts in the open spaces of the village.Problems arise when changes in the architecture of the village and residents'houses,regarding which there is fear that they will affect the sustainability of residents'traditional cultural values,increase.This study aims to examine the changes in and continuity of traditional architecture in the Tenganan Pegringsingan Village settlement.It observed the village and spatial layout of houses,conducted in-depth interviews with homeowners and village leaders,and was supported by data from questionnaires.Qualitative analysis was carried out,supported by maps,photos,and architectural drawings.This study revealed that there are changes in four elements of village architecture due to tourism,including village spatial design,the function and design of awangan(open space),the function and layout of houses,and building façades.The intervention of the government and the involvement of the community in tourism activities for economic interests have triggered many changes.However,the continuity of these components still exists because the village community continues to strongly hold traditional rules.Tenganan Pegringsingan Village is under threat due to the decline of its architectural continuity,which will obscure and degrade the cultural values of its heritage.The balance between the change in and continuity of the elements of village spatial design and houses,which is strongly influenced by the dynamics of the community's cultural life,is the novelty of this architectural research.
基金supported by the Nuclear Safety Research Program through the Korea Foundation of Nuclear Safety(KoFONS)using the financial resource granted by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission(NSSC)of the Republic of Korea[RS-2025-02310881]the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning[KETEP]grant funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)[RS-2025-25447272].
文摘Unbonded post-tensioned(PT)concrete systems are widely used in safety-critical structures,yet model-ing practices for prestress implementation and tendon-concrete interaction remain inconsistent.This study investigates the effects of sheath(duct)implementation and confinement assumptions through nonlinear finite element analysis.Four modeling cases were defined,consisting of an explicit sheath without tendon-concrete confinement(S)and three no-sheath variants with different confinement levels(X,N,A).One-way beams and two-way panels were analyzed,and panel blast responses were validated against experimental results.In both beams and panels,average initial stress levels were similar across models,through local stress concentrations appeared when the sheath was modeled.Under blast loading,these local effects became critical,and the sheath-implemented model reproduced experimental behavior most accurately,whereas non-implemented models deviated.Reduced blast intensity diminished the differences among models,thereby reaffirming that sheath-induced localization and damage propagation are critical factors.These findings highlight the importance of explicit sheath implementation for realistic numerical assessment of unbonded PT structures under extreme loads.
基金Project supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2025-02303676)。
文摘The stress minimization multi-material topology optimization(MMTO)approach has recently attracted significant attention because of its applications in aerospace and mechanical engineering.Nonetheless,the stress minimization MMTO approach may result in stress surpassing the material's tolerance limit,potentially culminating in failure.This research proposes a novel way for imposing stress constraints on each material to regulate their respective stress levels.The fundamental concept is that each material possesses its own interpolation function for the stress model.The maximum von Mises stress for each material can be established with the definition of an upper limit,ensuring that the materials will perform safely and effectively.This aids topological structures in resisting failure and augmenting strength.A multi-physics system including thermoelastic and self-weight loads is concurrently examined alongside stress limitations.The global stress constraint utilizes the p-norm function,and the adjoint method is used to derive sensitivity.This work employs a three-field strategy utilizing density filtering and Heaviside projection functions to mitigate the artificial stress in low density.The technique is assessed through two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)examples,illustrating the influence of stress limits on the compliance minimization under heat and self-weight loads.The optimized results indicate a substantial decrease in the stress levels accompanied by a minor gain in compliance,while maintaining the stress within the specified range for all materials.
文摘Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00518960)in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00563192).
文摘Mental-health risk detection seeks early signs of distress from social media posts and clinical transcripts to enable timely intervention before crises.When such risks go undetected,consequences can escalate to self-harm,long-term disability,reduced productivity,and significant societal and economic burden.Despite recent advances,detecting risk from online text remains challenging due to heterogeneous language,evolving semantics,and the sequential emergence of new datasets.Effective solutions must encode clinically meaningful cues,reason about causal relations,and adapt to new domains without forgetting prior knowledge.To address these challenges,this paper presents a Continual Neuro-Symbolic Graph Learning(CNSGL)framework that unifies symbolic reasoning,causal inference,and continual learning within a single architecture.Each post is represented as a symbolic graph linking clinically relevant tags to textual content,enriched with causal edges derived from directional Point-wise Mutual Information(PMI).A two-layer Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)encodes these graphs,and a Transformer-based attention pooler aggregates node embeddings while providing interpretable tag-level importances.Continual adaptation across datasets is achieved through the Multi-Head Freeze(MH-Freeze)strategy,which freezes a shared encoder and incrementally trains lightweight task-specific heads(small classifiers attached to the shared embedding).Experimental evaluations across six diverse mental-health datasets ranging from Reddit discourse to clinical interviews,demonstrate that MH-Freeze consistently outperforms existing continual-learning baselines in both discriminative accuracy and calibration reliability.Across six datasets,MH-Freeze achieves up to 0.925 accuracy and 0.923 F1-Score,with AUPRC≥0.934 and AUROC≥0.942,consistently surpassing all continual-learning baselines.The results confirm the framework’s ability to preserve prior knowledge,adapt to domain shifts,and maintain causal interpretability,establishing CNSGL as a promising step toward robust,explainable,and lifelong mental-health risk assessment.
文摘Concrete production often relies on natural aggregates,which can lead to resource depletion and environmental harm.In addition,improper disposal of thermoplastic waste exacerbates ecological problems.Although significant attention has recently been given to recycling various waste materials into concrete,studies specifically addressing thermoplastic recycled aggregates are still trending.This underscores the need to comprehensively review existing literature,identify research trends,and recognize gaps in understanding the mechanical performance of thermoplastic-based recycled aggregate concrete.Accordingly,this review summarizes recent investigations focused on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic-based recycled aggregate concrete,emphasizing aspects such as compressive strength,tensile behavior,modulus of elasticity,and durability characteristics.The primary aim is to consolidate scattered research findings,identify key parameters influencing mechanical behavior,and propose future research directions.Understanding the influence of recycled thermoplastic aggregates on concrete performance significantly supports sustainable construction practices by reducing dependency on virgin aggregates and mitigating environmental impacts associated with waste disposal.In addition,assessing mechanical performance contributes to confidence in the practical application,encouraging the broader adoption of thermoplastic-based recycled aggregate concrete in construction projects.Through this critical synthesis,the review guides researchers and industry practitioners toward informed decisions on the feasibility and reliability of integrating thermoplastic waste into concrete,thereby promoting sustainable infrastructure development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52463034)supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(No.2025-02314098)of the Republic of Koreasupported by the Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)program through the Gangwon RISE Center,funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Gangwon State(G.S.),Republic of Korea(2025-RISE-10-002).
文摘Conventional low-carbon concrete design approaches have often overlooked carbonation durability and the progressive loss of cover caused by surface scaling,both of which can increase the long-term risk of reinforcement corrosion.To address these limitations,this study proposes an improved design framework for low-carbon slag concrete that simultaneously incorporates carbonation durability and cover scaling effects into the mix proportioning process.Based on experimental data,a linear predictive model was developed to estimate the 28-day compressive strength of slag concrete,achieving a correlation coefficient of R=0.87711 and a root mean square error(RMSE)of 7.55 MPa.The mechanism-based equation exhibits strong physical interpretability,as each parameter corresponds to a clear physical process,satisfying the requirements of design codes for physical significance.By integrating the strength and carbon-emission models,the carbon-emission efficiency was further analyzed.Across all water–binder ratios(0.3,0.4,0.5),CO_(2) emissions per unit strength decreased steadily with increasing slag content,indicating that carbon efficiency is primarily governed by slag replacement rather than the water/binder ratio.Four design cases,all with a design strength of 30 MPa,were then evaluated to illustrate the combined effects of carbonation and scaling.In Case 1,without considering carbonation durability,the carbonation depth after 50 years exceeded the 25 mm cover,leading to potential corrosion.In Case 2,when carbonation durability was considered,the required actual strength increased to 31.28 MPa.When mild cover scaling of 3 mm was introduced(Case 3),the required strength rose to 34.59 MPa,and under severe scaling of 10 mm(Case 4),it increased to 45.73 MPa.These results indicate that intensified scaling demands higher strength and lower water/binder ratios to maintain durability.Overall,the proposed framework quantitatively balances strength,durability,and embodied carbon,supporting sustainable low-carbon concrete design.
文摘The domestic architecture of a traditional settlement is greatly influenced by the socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics of its residents.Benin City which is the focus of the paper is a case of a traditional settlement undergoing domestic architectural evolution with the changing times influenced by factors of growth and development.The paper has examined the effect of socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics as factors that partly determine the design,style,pattern,space use,organization,location and meaning as well as land use of the domestic architecture of Benin.The study employed the use of questionnaire administered to residents across the cross-section of the city.In the end,descriptive frequency tables were used to analyse the data collected from the residential zones in Benin.The research has been able to corroborate the theory that socio-economic and socio-cultural factors are some of the determinants/elements of domestic architecture of a people.
文摘Some of the most important elements of healing architecture are light and color,which have been considered in diverse studies of environmental design for treatment and an effect on health.However,there is a lack of research in the field of the proportion of light and color with human differences.The goal of the present research is to provide a new perspective regarding the correlation between humans and the environment based on the philosophy of natural sciences in Iranian traditional medicine,with a focus on color and light to contrive an all-out balance of humans.The present article establishes a connection between traditional and modern medicine;it also indicates medical and health activists to draw their attention to the need for basic researches in traditional Iranian medicine to improve it based on scientific evidence as well as change the attitude of architects to design places based on people’s temperament(in traditional Persian medicine,temperament implies the same and new quality that results from the combination of the four elements(fire,air,water,and earth are four essential constituents of human and non-human beings)with each other and with their interaction in a composite body).This article is a descriptive method in a qualitative study that discuss elements of light and color from the perspective of traditional Persian medicine,after reviewing the history of color and light therapy.From the perspective of modern research,the study additionally discusses the effect of light and color on humans,the relationship of light and color with the temperament of people,and the effect of environmental color and light on people’s temperament.Notably,humans differ with regard to their characteristics and thus have different temperaments,which causes them to have different tendencies toward environmental factors.Qualitative data indicate the difference in the propensity of individuals to color and light according to a physical and psychological condition,and the effect of color and light on human temperament.Thus,the recommendations of traditional medicine can help present a proper pattern of design.
文摘Streaming media data have strict delay and loss requirements, which cannot be adequately supported by the current Internet. Proxy caching technology is introduced to alleviate the effect of the bottleneck bandwidth on the transporting quality. A new architecture of multimedia proxy caching is given to solve the problem of the traditional Web caching technology for the multimedia streaming. The mixed media management module and the (resource) management module are added to this architecture, the prefetching and replacement method is studied considering the characteristics of streaming media data, the concept of weighed popularity is given to enhance the (exactness) of the replacement algorithm.
文摘Architecture in Jordan characterized by using the most basic raw materials in the natural environment （such as stone, straw and mud etc.）. Jordanian designer interacts with natural materials and link these materials to the local environment and the climatic characteristics of the place. This research focuses on the basic material in construction in Jordan, a substance of natural stone, where the researchers studied the historical relationship between architecture in Jordan and natural stone material, and also studied the properties, specifications, types and methods of formation of this natural material. This research aims to shed light on the modern material of architecture in Jordan and how the architects deal with natural stone and other alternative materials where the architects became underestimate the use of natural stone material and use modern materials far from the architectural heritage and which are sometimes not compatible with the construction environment in Jordan. To conclude from this study the importance of maintaining the continuity of the historical relationship between natural stone and Jordanian architecture, where the study recommends to the possibility of development of use this material through using it in interior architecture to conserve on natural stone as a feedstock in the architecture of Jordan.
文摘Rational and intuitive can be considered as two sides of the same coin? If they coexist in the design process,what do they refer to and what do they stand out for? What kind of relationship can be established between the act of prefiguring the work and of putting it into operation,according to procedures and techniques that are coherent and necessary for its construction? The value of an architectural project is shown by its being a continuous search for expression of art,even if,as we know,architecture also has a social function and plays a civil role.The universal meanings and the cultural reference context,which have always been the heritage of the architectural project,are increasingly taking on a secondary value.Issues and concepts such as:tradition,memory,modernity,invention and location seem to have lost any research prerogative at the expense of the meaning and use attributed to the architectural and urban composition in the overall design process.
文摘Purpose:This paper presents the ARQUIGRAFIA project,an open,public and nonprofit,continuous growth web collaborative environment dedicated to Brazilian architectural photographic images.Design/methodology/approach:The ARQUIGRAFIA project promotes the active and collaborative participation among its institutional users(GLAMs,NGOs,laboratories and research groups)and private users(students,professionals,professors,researchers),both can create an account and share their digitized iconographic collections in the same Web environment by uploading their files,indexing,georeferencing and assigning a Creative Commons license.Findings:The development of users interactions by means of semantic differentials impressions recording on visible plastic-spatial aspects of the architectures in synthetic infographics,as well as by the retrieval of images through an advanced system search based on those impressions parameters.By gamification means,the system often invites users to review images’in order to improve images’data accuracy.The pilot project named Open Air Museum that allows users to add audio descriptions to images in situ.An interface for users’digital curatorship will be soon available.Research limitations:The ARQUIGRAFIA’s multidisciplinary team gathering professorsresearchers,graduate and undergraduate students from the Architecture and Urbanism,Design,Information Science,Computer Science faculties of the University of S?o Paulo,demands continuous financial resources for grants,for contracting third party services,for the participation in scientific events in Brazil and abroad,and for equipment.Since 2016,significant budget cuts in the University of S?o Paulo own research funds and in Brazilian federal scientific agencies can compromise the continuity of this project.Practical implications:The open source template called+GRAFIA that can freely help other areas of knowledge to build their own visual Web collaborative environments.Originality/value:The collaborative nature of the ARQUIGRAFIA distinguishes it from institutional image databases on the internet,precisely because it involves a heterogeneous network of collaborators.
文摘Nigeria,the home of the largest conglomeration of blacks in the world,deserves its unique architectural identity.Its variety of vernacular built environment seems to hold promise to that ambition.Vernacular architecture across Nigeria’s geographical clusters has demonstrated a thorough response to the climate,local technology and socio-economic parameters in which they developed.The advent of colonialism,the spread of Islam in Africa,and the end of slave trade,impacted tremendously on the options available to developers and master builders over the years.This review paper identifies the prospective sources of evolving the country’s unique spatial identity and architectural language by critically exploring the determinant and moderating factors of the development of ethno-regional built environment for the country.The life style and the divergent historical circumstances of the nation’s core subdivisions readily suggest the devolution regional identities.The paper argues that a national identity could be forged through a five-tier synthesis of architectural strategies,to positively integrate form,space,and order imaginatively to fit user“genius loci”,i.e.sense of rootedness.The application of the courtyard within the family compound(groups of dwelling units sharing common services),serves physical,social,and economic functions concurrently.Hence,the essence of traditional style has to be cherished dearly,to ensure cultural heritage conservation of the society.It could be concluded that despite the gradual replacement of traditional building practices with modern trends;core cultural values like hierarchic selective interaction(privacy)afforded by the courtyard housing system,seem to be retained as consistent features of Nigeria’s build environment,which must be jealously guarded.
文摘The nanotechnology can provide radical and systematic innovation in architecture. The extent to which, and the manner in which architects, engineers, researchers, builders and producers embrace this innovation will determine the future of architectural operations. The introduction of new materials and technologies in architecture has always led to linguistic and typological modifications. It was true even in the past, let＇s just think of the consequences of the industrial revolution. This paper presents some nano-materials for architecture, that can contribute to the energy efficiency of buildings： self-repairing concrete, insulation nano-coating, photo-catalytic cements, anti-stain coating. If we consider new materials and new technologies as a determining factor for a new architecture, then the innovations in the field of concrete, glass, lighting, prompted by nanotechnology, will also influence the language of architecture.
文摘Water is one of the fundamental resources for the survival of humanity and during the centuries in all the world it became integral part of building and garden architecture. For this reason, starting from general considerations of our countries of origin, we wanted to collect in this article some of the most representative examples of water treatment all over the world in three different fields: the outdoor spaces, the indoor spaces and the in-between spaces, both public and private, to mark the role of water in the designing of architectural process in the last 25 years and proposals for the future not so far.
文摘In megacities, the phenomenon of the highrise buildings which add fashion elements into the body and facades seems as big sculptures. Architect composed their work by applying the cross-pollination of design method. They adopted the various elements to enrich their building＇s facade in order to look different. On the other hand, the traditional architecture expressed the tribe civilization by placing their proud artifacts into the building＇s facade. The purpose of this study is to find a new theory of architecture during their process of becoming of the architecture＇s form. The study applied a phenomenological investigation method of several highrise building＇s facade at Jakarta and several districts of Singapore, Brisbane and Melbourne. The study result is a new theory named ＂the fashion-architecture＂ is a building composed by adopting the cross-pollination of design method. To enrich the building＇s facade, architect adopted anything including the fashion＇s design elements： accessories, millineries, and cosmetics also reflected by the traditional architecture. Their fashion-architecture works are reflecting the tribe civilization into a contemporary architecture design.
文摘Architecture and science have always been interrelated for educational purposes.For this reason the course of Interior Architecture and Exhibit Design at Master of Science in Architecture Construction City of Politecnico di Torino,starting from the knowledge of the role of the Academy and its scientific content,proposed new and current forms of exhibits and communication in respect of the courtly architecture that is called to emphasize with its language the authority and perennial values of the sciences.
文摘The preparation and cooking of food is part of everyday life from the moment in which man began to cook meat on fire; thusa process has begun that has led the space where these functions are carried out to becoming one of the most significant environments inthe house. With the passing of time and changing needs, the kitchen has undergone substantial changes both in terms of its location andimportance within the house, and for its furnishings and equipment.
