We have developed a web-server for predicting the folding rate of a protein based on its amino acid sequence information alone. The web- server is called Pred-PFR (Predicting Protein Folding Rate). Pred-PFR is feature...We have developed a web-server for predicting the folding rate of a protein based on its amino acid sequence information alone. The web- server is called Pred-PFR (Predicting Protein Folding Rate). Pred-PFR is featured by fusing multiple individual predictors, each of which is established based on one special feature derived from the protein sequence. The ensemble pre-dictor thus formed is superior to the individual ones, as demonstrated by achieving higher correlation coefficient and lower root mean square deviation between the predicted and observed results when examined by the jack-knife cross-validation on a benchmark dataset constructed recently. As a user-friendly web- server, Pred-PFR is freely accessible to the public at www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/Folding Rate/.展开更多
Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Only 17% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Treatment is multidisciplinary and radiotherapy ...Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Only 17% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Treatment is multidisciplinary and radiotherapy plays a key role in all stages of the disease. More than 50% of patients with NSCLC are treated with radiotherapy(curative-intent or palliative). Technological advancesincluding highly conformal radiotherapy techniques, new immobilization and respiratory control systems, and precision image verification systems-allow clinicians to individualize treatment to maximize tumor control while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Novel therapeutic regimens such as moderate hypofractionation and advanced techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT) have reduced the number of radiotherapy sessions. The integration of SBRT into routine clinical practice has radically altered treatment of early-stage disease. SBRT also plays an increasingly important role in oligometastatic disease. The aim of the present guidelines is to review the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of localized, locally-advanced, and metastatic NSCLC. We review the main radiotherapy techniques and clarify the role of radiotherapy in routine clinical practice. These guidelines are based on the best available evidence. The level and grade of evidence supporting each recommendation is provided.展开更多
Bone fracture non-unions, the failure of a fracture to heal, occur in 10%-20% of fractures and are a costly and debilitating clinical problem. The Wnt/fl-catenin pathway is critical in bone development and fracture he...Bone fracture non-unions, the failure of a fracture to heal, occur in 10%-20% of fractures and are a costly and debilitating clinical problem. The Wnt/fl-catenin pathway is critical in bone development and fracture healing. Polymorphisms of linking low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 （LRP6）, a Wnt-binding receptor, have been associated with decreased bone mineral density and fragility fractures, although this remains controversial. Mice with a homozygous deletion of Lrp6 have severe skeletal abnormalities and are not viable, whereas mice with a heterozygous deletion have a combinatory effect with Lrp5 to decrease bone mineral density. As fracture healing closely models embryonic skeletal development, we investigated the process of fracture healing in mice heterozygous for Lrp6 （Lrp6~/-） and hypothesized that the heterozygous deletion of Lrp6 would impair fracture healing. Mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were induced in Lrp6~^- mice and wild-type controls （Lrp6~/~）. Fractures were analyzed using micro-computed tomography （~CT） scans, biomechanical testing, and histological analysis. Lrp6~/- mice had significantly decreased stiffness and strength at 28 days post fracture （PF） and significantly decreased BV/TV, total density, immature bone density, and mature area within the callus on day-14 and -21 PF; they had significantly increased empty callus area at days 14 and 21 PF. Our results demonstrate that the heterozygous deletion of Lrp6 impairs fracture healing, which suggests that Lrp6 has a role in fracture healing.展开更多
Little is known about the productive performance of Mexican turkey, so the objective of the present study was to characterize growth performance curves of backyard turkey under a confined system. Forty fertile eggs we...Little is known about the productive performance of Mexican turkey, so the objective of the present study was to characterize growth performance curves of backyard turkey under a confined system. Forty fertile eggs were artificially incubated and turkey weight was recorded at hatch. During growth performance weekly weight was measured until 385 days of age. Turkey commercial feed and water were offered ad libitum. To characterize growth curves, a fourth degree polynomial model regression and a Richards biological model were used, which were compared by determination coefficient (r2), to reach the best fit model. The best fit model was the fourth degree polynomial regression model from a mathematical standpoint of view. It was found that maximum tom growth was reached at 15.7 weeks with a weight gain of 259.3 g/week and in hens at 12.4 weeks with a weight gain of 112.0 g/week. Body weight reached by toms at 40 weeks was 6 kg and hens at 35 weeks with 3.6 kg.展开更多
Background:Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment.However,the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown.We aimed to investigate the effect of exer...Background:Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment.However,the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown.We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on(a)blood biomarkers selected based on previous evidence(brainderived neurotrophic factor,β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB),cathepsin B(CTSB),kynurenine,fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1));and(b)a panel of 92 neurology-related proteins(discovery analysis).We also investigated whether changes in these biomarkers mediate the effects of exercise on brain health(hippocampal structure and function,cognitive performance,and mental health).Methods:We randomized 81 overweight/obese children(10.1±1.1 years,41%girls)into 2 groups:either 20 weeks of aerobic plus resistance exercise or control.Candidate biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for kynurenine,FGF21,and CTSB;colorimetry forβ-hydroxybutyrate;and XMap for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.The92 neurology-related proteins were analyzed by an antibody-based proteomic analysis.Results:Our intervention had no significant effect on candidate biomarkers(all p>0.05).In the discovery analysis,a reduction in circulating macrophage scavenger receptor type-I was observed(standardized differences between groups=-0.3,p=0.001).This effect was validated using ELISA methods(standardized difference=-0.3,p=0.01).None of the biomarkers mediated the effects of exercise on brain health.Conclusions:Our study does not support a chronic effect of exercise on candidate biomarkers.We observed that while chronic exercise reduced the levels of macrophage scavenger receptor type-Ⅰ,it did not mediate the effects of exercise on brain health.Future studies should explore the implications of this novel biomarker for overall health.展开更多
The elderly population is increasing worldwide, with subjects 〉 65 years of age constituting the fastest-growing age group. Furthermore, the elderly face the greatest risk and burden of cardiovascular disease mortali...The elderly population is increasing worldwide, with subjects 〉 65 years of age constituting the fastest-growing age group. Furthermore, the elderly face the greatest risk and burden of cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. Although elderly patients, particularly those older 〉 75, have not been well represented in randomized clinical trials evaluating lipid-lowering therapy, the available evidence supporting the use of statin therapy in primary prevention in older individuals is derived mainly from subgroup analyses and post-hoc data. On the other hand, elderly patients often have multiple co-morbidities that require a high number of concurrent medications; this may increase the risk for drug-drug interactions, thereby reducing the potential benefits of statin therapy. The aim of this review was to present the relevant literature regarding statin use in the elderly for theft primary cardiovascular disease, with the associated risks and benefits of treatment.展开更多
Background:There are no clearly defined indications for pancreas-preserving duodenectomy.The present study aimed to analyze postoperative morbidity and the outcomes of patients undergoing pancreaspreserving duodenecto...Background:There are no clearly defined indications for pancreas-preserving duodenectomy.The present study aimed to analyze postoperative morbidity and the outcomes of patients undergoing pancreaspreserving duodenectomy.Methods:Patients undergoing pancreas-preserving duodenectomy from April 2008 to May 2020 were included.We divided the series according to indication:scenario 1,primary duodenal tumors;scenario 2,tumors of another origin with duodenal involvement;and scenario 3,emergency duodenectomy.Results:We included 35 patients.Total duodenectomy was performed in 1 patient of adenomatous duodenal polyposis,limited duodenectomy in 7,and third+fourth duodenal portion resection in 27.The indications for scenario 1 were gastrointestinal stromal tumor(n=13),adenocarcinoma(n=4),neuroendocrine tumor(n=3),duodenal adenoma(n=1),and adenomatous duodenal polyposis(n=1);scenario 2:retroperitoneal desmoid tumor(n=2),recurrence of liposarcoma(n=2),retroperitoneal paraganglioma(n=1),neuroendocrine tumor in pancreatic uncinate process(n=1),and duodenal infiltration due to metastatic adenopathies of a germinal tumor with digestive hemorrhage(n=1);and scenario 3:aortoenteric fistula(n=3),duodenal trauma(n=1),erosive duodenitis(n=1),and biliopancreatic limb ischemia(n=1).Severe complications(Clavien-Dindo≥IIIb)developed in 14%(5/35),and postoperative mortality was 3%(1/35).Conclusions:Pancreas-preserving duodenectomy is useful in the management of primary duodenal tumors,and is a technical option for some tumors with duodenal infiltration or in emergency interventions.展开更多
Epibionts are floristic and faunistic benthonic organisms living attached to the skin of another animal; this phenomenon is well known as epibiosis and has been documented for all species of marine turtles. The intera...Epibionts are floristic and faunistic benthonic organisms living attached to the skin of another animal; this phenomenon is well known as epibiosis and has been documented for all species of marine turtles. The interaction between the turtle and epibiotic organisms is to provide substrate for the epibionts communities, their presence are based mainly in the shell and in other anatomical structures in lower intensity. It has been registered that some epibionts affect growth, and can cause diverse damage in anatomical structures like the eyes, mouth, and limbs. They are usually vectors of disease. For such reasons the objective of the present work is to determinate the epibionts species associated with the marine turtle Lepidochelys olivacea in Ceuta beach, Sinaloa, Mexico. During the nesting season May-December of 2008-2009, the female turtles nesting and strandings were monitored and epibionts were collected. Eleven species distributed in the following taxa were obtained： fishes of the family Echeneidae, Hirudineos （Ozobranchus branchiatus, Ozobranchus margoi）, Arthropods （Chelonibia testudinaria, Lepas sp., Conchoderma virgatum） and the first registry of Stephanolepas muricata for Lepidochelys olivacea. According to the records from Ceuta Beach the species of epibionts are still being registered with the exception of Ozobranchus margoi, and Stephanolepas muricata, thus, suggesting further research on epibiont organisms.展开更多
Data Mining has become an important technique for the exploration and extraction of data in numerous and various research projects in different fields (technology, information technology, business, the environment, ec...Data Mining has become an important technique for the exploration and extraction of data in numerous and various research projects in different fields (technology, information technology, business, the environment, economics, etc.). In the context of the analysis and visualisation of large amounts of data extracted using Data Mining on a temporary basis (time-series), free software such as R has appeared in the international context as a perfect inexpensive and efficient tool of exploitation and visualisation of time series. This has allowed the development of models, which help to extract the most relevant information from large volumes of data. In this regard, a script has been developed with the goal of implementing ARIMA models, showing these as useful and quick mechanisms for the extraction, analysis and visualisation of large data volumes, in addition to presenting the great advantage of being applied in multiple branches of knowledge from economy, demography, physics, mathematics and fisheries among others. Therefore, ARIMA models appear as a Data Mining technique, offering reliable, robust and high-quality results, to help validate and sustain the research carried out.展开更多
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a biliary malignancy arising from the perihilar biliary tree,which is associated with poor oncological outcomes due to its aggressive biology,chemo-resistance and insidious onset[1].As stat...Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a biliary malignancy arising from the perihilar biliary tree,which is associated with poor oncological outcomes due to its aggressive biology,chemo-resistance and insidious onset[1].As stated by Di Martino et al.,the standard of care is radical resection,and during the last decades,there have been great efforts to improve survival of potentially resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma,with surgery being the treatment associated with longer survival[2].However,radical resection still represents a challenging operation with high risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications.展开更多
Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy(SABR)is an effective technique comparable to surgery in terms of local control and efficacy in early stages of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and pulmonary metastasis.Several ...Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy(SABR)is an effective technique comparable to surgery in terms of local control and efficacy in early stages of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and pulmonary metastasis.Several fractionation schemes have proven to be safe and effective,including the single fraction(SF)scheme.SF is an option costeffectiveness,more convenience and comfortable for the patient and flexible in terms of its management combined with systemic treatments.The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has driven this not new but underutilized paradigm,recommending this option to minimize patients’visits to hospital.SF SABR already has a long experience,strong evidence and sufficient maturity to reliably evaluate outcomes in peripheral primary NSCLC and there are promising outcomes in pulmonary metastases,making it a valid treatment option;although its use in central locations,synchronous and recurrencies tumors requires more prospective safety and efficacy studies.The SABR radiobiology study,together with the combination with systemic therapies,(targeted therapies and immunotherapy)is a direction of research in both advanced disease and early stages whose future includes SF.展开更多
This paper analyses the climate change in La Plata Basin, one of the most important regions in South America due to its economy and population. For this work it has been used the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI...This paper analyses the climate change in La Plata Basin, one of the most important regions in South America due to its economy and population. For this work it has been used the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) and the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) atmospheric global model. For both near and far future, the projected changes for temperature over the entire basin were positive, although they were only statistically significant at the end of the XXI century. Changes in the annual cycle of mean temperature were also positive in all subregions of the basin. Regarding precipitation, there were no changes in the near future that were statistically significant. The summer (winter) is the only season where both models project positive (negative) changes for both periods of the future. In the transitional seasons these changes vary depending on the spatial resolution model and the area of study. The annual cycle showed that the largest changes in precipitation (positive or negative) coincide with the rainy season of each subregion. Regarding the interannual variability of temperature, it was found that the 20 km. model pro-jected a decrease of this variability for both near and far future, especially in summer and autumn. On the other hand, the 60 km. ensemble model showed a decreased of year-to-year variability for summer and an increase in winter and spring. It was also found that both models project an increase in precipitation variability for winter and summer, while in other seasons, only the 60 km. ensemble model presents the mentioned behavior.展开更多
Thymic epithelial tumours(TET)are rare,heterogeneous neoplasms that range from resectable indolent tumours to aggressive thymic carcinomas with a strong tendency to metastasize.The pathological diagnosis is complex,in...Thymic epithelial tumours(TET)are rare,heterogeneous neoplasms that range from resectable indolent tumours to aggressive thymic carcinomas with a strong tendency to metastasize.The pathological diagnosis is complex,in part due to the management of TETs is scant and mainly based on non-randomised studies and retrospective series.Consequently,the clinical management of TETs tends to be highly heterogenous,which makes it difficult to improve the evidence level.The role of technological advances in the field of radiotherapy and new systemic therapies in the treatment of TETs has received little attention to date.In the present clinical guidelines,developed by the GOECP/SEOR,we review recent developments in the diagnosis and classification of TETs.We also present a consensus-based therapeutic strategy for each disease stage that takes into consideration the best available evidence.These guidelines focus primarily on the role of radiotherapy,including recent advances,in the management of TETs.The main aim of this document is to promote the standardisation of clinical practice and lay the foundations for future studies to clarify the main unresolved questions related to the optimal management of TET.展开更多
Objective Pharmacopoeias regulate the manufacture of potentised pharmaceutical preparations used in different branches of complementary and integrative medicine.The physicochemical properties and biological activity o...Objective Pharmacopoeias regulate the manufacture of potentised pharmaceutical preparations used in different branches of complementary and integrative medicine.The physicochemical properties and biological activity of these preparations are often investigated in preclinical research,yet no guidelines for experimental research currently exist in this area.The present PrePoP guidelines aim to provide recommendations to promote high-quality,statistically sound,and reproducible preclinical research on potentised preparations.Methods Input was gathered from researchers nominated by the relevant scientific societies using a simplified Delphi consensus approach covering the most relevant aspects of basic research methodology in the field including appropriate controls,sample preparation and handling,and statistics.After three rounds of feedback,a consensus was finally reached on the most important aspects and considerations for conducting high-quality research on potentised preparations.Results We present a series of recommendations on a range of topics including experimental controls,system stability,blinding and randomisation,environmental influences,and procedures for the preparation of potentised samples and controls,and we address some specific challenges of this research field.Conclusion This expert consensus process resulted in a robust set of methodological guidelines for research on potentised preparations and provides a valuable framework that will inform and improve the quality of subsequent research in this emerging field.展开更多
Cytokinins are plant hormones that are essential for plant growth and development and are involved in a variety of processes.They are synthesized by the modification of adenine with an isoprenoid chain,resulting in cy...Cytokinins are plant hormones that are essential for plant growth and development and are involved in a variety of processes.They are synthesized by the modification of adenine with an isoprenoid chain,resulting in cytokinins such as isopentenyladenine and zeatin.The levels of these hormones are regulated by conjugation,degradation and oxidation processes that modulate their activity.Cytokinins are perceived by cells through specific receptors that,when activated,trigger signaling cascades responsible for regulating the expression of genes critical for development.In addition,cytokinins interact with other hormones,such as auxins,to coordinate plant growth and architecture.They are transported by the xylem and phloem,allowing them to be distributed to different parts of the plant and to regulate processes such as cell division,morphogenesis and inhibition of leaf senescence,thereby prolonging the vegetative phase.Cytokinins also play a role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.They influence the expression of defense genes against pathogens and pests and adjust plant metabolism and growth in response to adverse conditions such as drought and salinity.Cytokinins interact in an integrated manner with other stress hormones,such as abscisic acid and ethylene,to coordinate plant responses to environmental challenges.In agriculture,the manipulation of cytokinins,whether by external application or genetic modification,shows great potential for increasing crop yields and improving plant resistance to stress.Advances in molecular biology and gene editing offer new opportunities to precisely modify these functions.This review elucidates recent research on cytokinins,covering their mechanisms of action,interactions with other hormones,and applications in agriculture.展开更多
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a prevalent genetic disorder primarily affecting individuals of African descent and populations in malaria-endemic regions, with significant global public health implications. Sickle cell c...Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a prevalent genetic disorder primarily affecting individuals of African descent and populations in malaria-endemic regions, with significant global public health implications. Sickle cell crises are their most common acute complication, characterized by episodes of intense pain and systemic manifestations that impair quality of life and impose a high healthcare burden. We present the case of a 19-year-old male diagnosed with SCA since the age of two, who developed a sickle cell crisis precipitated by right basal pneumonia. The patient exhibited sudden-onset, cyclic lumbar pain with progressive dyspnea. Initial management included multimodal pain control, volume optimization, and targeted antimicrobial therapy to achieve clinical stabilization. This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing sickle cell crises, addressing both symptomatic relief and the prevention and treatment of complications. It also highlights the need for public health strategies promoting early diagnosis, access to disease-modifying therapies such as hydroxyurea, and interdisciplinary follow-up to mitigate the socioeconomic and clinical impact of SCA.展开更多
Chaetoceros is a species-diverse genus of marine diatoms.The section Chaetoceros,recognized for the presence of numerous chloroplasts in both cell body and setae,is a common group of marine phytoplankton containing so...Chaetoceros is a species-diverse genus of marine diatoms.The section Chaetoceros,recognized for the presence of numerous chloroplasts in both cell body and setae,is a common group of marine phytoplankton containing some species,which may cause harm to marine organisms due to the robust setae.Modern taxonomic studies combining morphological and molecular data are still limited for the section Chaetoceros.To explore the diversity of the section Chaetoceros,monoclonal strains were established from the South China Sea and two novel species are described here,C.tetracarina sp.nov.and C.dicrinis sp.nov.Chaetoceros tetracarina is unique by the rimoportula on the anterior valve having four basal ridges supporting the external tube,whereas the other rimoportulae in the same chains or the one on the posterior valve for single cells each only possess a long external tube and lack basal ridges.Chaetoceros dicrinis is solitary and characterized by the symmetrical extending of the two setae on the same valve under light microscope(LM).The phylogenetic results show the presence of several groups within the section Chaetoceros.Chaetoceros tetracarina was sister to C.cf.pseudodichaeta,but differed by 33 and 46 bps in ribosomal large-subunit(LSU)and small-subunit(SSU)sequences respectively.The most closely-related species of C.dicrinis was C.denticulatus,but they were distinctly different morphologically,differing by 3 and 2 bps in LSU and SSU sequences respectively.This study provides new findings to understand the diversity of section Chaetoceros;however the inner relationships within this section remain largely unresolved.展开更多
Cetaceans include the largest animals ever to have lived onearth and are uniparous(producing a single calf at each birth)across the infraorder.However,instances of multiple fetuseshave been observed naturally among un...Cetaceans include the largest animals ever to have lived onearth and are uniparous(producing a single calf at each birth)across the infraorder.However,instances of multiple fetuseshave been observed naturally among uniparous mammals,including cetaceans.Despite this,there is no known documented case of twins in cetaceans successfully carried to termin the wild(Perrin and Donovan 1984),and if such casesexist,they would be diffcult to detect.展开更多
文摘We have developed a web-server for predicting the folding rate of a protein based on its amino acid sequence information alone. The web- server is called Pred-PFR (Predicting Protein Folding Rate). Pred-PFR is featured by fusing multiple individual predictors, each of which is established based on one special feature derived from the protein sequence. The ensemble pre-dictor thus formed is superior to the individual ones, as demonstrated by achieving higher correlation coefficient and lower root mean square deviation between the predicted and observed results when examined by the jack-knife cross-validation on a benchmark dataset constructed recently. As a user-friendly web- server, Pred-PFR is freely accessible to the public at www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/Folding Rate/.
文摘Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Only 17% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Treatment is multidisciplinary and radiotherapy plays a key role in all stages of the disease. More than 50% of patients with NSCLC are treated with radiotherapy(curative-intent or palliative). Technological advancesincluding highly conformal radiotherapy techniques, new immobilization and respiratory control systems, and precision image verification systems-allow clinicians to individualize treatment to maximize tumor control while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Novel therapeutic regimens such as moderate hypofractionation and advanced techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT) have reduced the number of radiotherapy sessions. The integration of SBRT into routine clinical practice has radically altered treatment of early-stage disease. SBRT also plays an increasingly important role in oligometastatic disease. The aim of the present guidelines is to review the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of localized, locally-advanced, and metastatic NSCLC. We review the main radiotherapy techniques and clarify the role of radiotherapy in routine clinical practice. These guidelines are based on the best available evidence. The level and grade of evidence supporting each recommendation is provided.
基金Grand Rapids Area Pre-College Engineering Programsupported by NIH grant AR053293
文摘Bone fracture non-unions, the failure of a fracture to heal, occur in 10%-20% of fractures and are a costly and debilitating clinical problem. The Wnt/fl-catenin pathway is critical in bone development and fracture healing. Polymorphisms of linking low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 （LRP6）, a Wnt-binding receptor, have been associated with decreased bone mineral density and fragility fractures, although this remains controversial. Mice with a homozygous deletion of Lrp6 have severe skeletal abnormalities and are not viable, whereas mice with a heterozygous deletion have a combinatory effect with Lrp5 to decrease bone mineral density. As fracture healing closely models embryonic skeletal development, we investigated the process of fracture healing in mice heterozygous for Lrp6 （Lrp6~/-） and hypothesized that the heterozygous deletion of Lrp6 would impair fracture healing. Mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were induced in Lrp6~^- mice and wild-type controls （Lrp6~/~）. Fractures were analyzed using micro-computed tomography （~CT） scans, biomechanical testing, and histological analysis. Lrp6~/- mice had significantly decreased stiffness and strength at 28 days post fracture （PF） and significantly decreased BV/TV, total density, immature bone density, and mature area within the callus on day-14 and -21 PF; they had significantly increased empty callus area at days 14 and 21 PF. Our results demonstrate that the heterozygous deletion of Lrp6 impairs fracture healing, which suggests that Lrp6 has a role in fracture healing.
文摘Little is known about the productive performance of Mexican turkey, so the objective of the present study was to characterize growth performance curves of backyard turkey under a confined system. Forty fertile eggs were artificially incubated and turkey weight was recorded at hatch. During growth performance weekly weight was measured until 385 days of age. Turkey commercial feed and water were offered ad libitum. To characterize growth curves, a fourth degree polynomial model regression and a Richards biological model were used, which were compared by determination coefficient (r2), to reach the best fit model. The best fit model was the fourth degree polynomial regression model from a mathematical standpoint of view. It was found that maximum tom growth was reached at 15.7 weeks with a weight gain of 259.3 g/week and in hens at 12.4 weeks with a weight gain of 112.0 g/week. Body weight reached by toms at 40 weeks was 6 kg and hens at 35 weeks with 3.6 kg.
基金supported primarily by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness((MINECO),DEP2017-91544-EXP)the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation+13 种基金supported by additional grants from MINECO(DEP2013-47540,DEP2016-79512-R,PID2020-120249RB-I00)the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF,FEDER in Spanish)the European Commission(No.667302)Further funding was obtained from the Andalusian Operational Programme supported by the ERDF(B-CTS-355-UGR18,B-CTS-500-UGR18 and A-CTS-614-UGR20)partially funded by the University of Granada,Plan Propio de Investigación 2016,Excellence actions:Units of ExcellenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise and Health(UCEES)and by the Regional Government of Andalusia,Regional Ministry of Knowledge,Science,and Universities and the ERDF(SOMM17/6107/UGR)supported by the School of Medicine,Complutense University of Madrid,Mother-Child Health and Development Network(Red SAMID)Ⅲnetwork,Redes temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud(RETICS),funded by the PN I+D+I 20172021(Spain)funded by the Ramón Areces Foundation.AMG is supported by FPU16/03653supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(RYC2019-027287-I)supported by a grant from Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo(No.72180543)from Chilethrough a Margarita Salas grant from the Spanish Ministry Universitiessupported by MINECO and ERDF(grants RYC-2016-21199 and SAF2017-87526-R)the Junta de Andalucia(PAIDI P20_00158,PAIDI P20_00124)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and Sport(FPU 16/02760)。
文摘Background:Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment.However,the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown.We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on(a)blood biomarkers selected based on previous evidence(brainderived neurotrophic factor,β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB),cathepsin B(CTSB),kynurenine,fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1));and(b)a panel of 92 neurology-related proteins(discovery analysis).We also investigated whether changes in these biomarkers mediate the effects of exercise on brain health(hippocampal structure and function,cognitive performance,and mental health).Methods:We randomized 81 overweight/obese children(10.1±1.1 years,41%girls)into 2 groups:either 20 weeks of aerobic plus resistance exercise or control.Candidate biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for kynurenine,FGF21,and CTSB;colorimetry forβ-hydroxybutyrate;and XMap for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.The92 neurology-related proteins were analyzed by an antibody-based proteomic analysis.Results:Our intervention had no significant effect on candidate biomarkers(all p>0.05).In the discovery analysis,a reduction in circulating macrophage scavenger receptor type-I was observed(standardized differences between groups=-0.3,p=0.001).This effect was validated using ELISA methods(standardized difference=-0.3,p=0.01).None of the biomarkers mediated the effects of exercise on brain health.Conclusions:Our study does not support a chronic effect of exercise on candidate biomarkers.We observed that while chronic exercise reduced the levels of macrophage scavenger receptor type-Ⅰ,it did not mediate the effects of exercise on brain health.Future studies should explore the implications of this novel biomarker for overall health.
文摘The elderly population is increasing worldwide, with subjects 〉 65 years of age constituting the fastest-growing age group. Furthermore, the elderly face the greatest risk and burden of cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. Although elderly patients, particularly those older 〉 75, have not been well represented in randomized clinical trials evaluating lipid-lowering therapy, the available evidence supporting the use of statin therapy in primary prevention in older individuals is derived mainly from subgroup analyses and post-hoc data. On the other hand, elderly patients often have multiple co-morbidities that require a high number of concurrent medications; this may increase the risk for drug-drug interactions, thereby reducing the potential benefits of statin therapy. The aim of this review was to present the relevant literature regarding statin use in the elderly for theft primary cardiovascular disease, with the associated risks and benefits of treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Institut de Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge(IDIBELL Foundation)the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya。
文摘Background:There are no clearly defined indications for pancreas-preserving duodenectomy.The present study aimed to analyze postoperative morbidity and the outcomes of patients undergoing pancreaspreserving duodenectomy.Methods:Patients undergoing pancreas-preserving duodenectomy from April 2008 to May 2020 were included.We divided the series according to indication:scenario 1,primary duodenal tumors;scenario 2,tumors of another origin with duodenal involvement;and scenario 3,emergency duodenectomy.Results:We included 35 patients.Total duodenectomy was performed in 1 patient of adenomatous duodenal polyposis,limited duodenectomy in 7,and third+fourth duodenal portion resection in 27.The indications for scenario 1 were gastrointestinal stromal tumor(n=13),adenocarcinoma(n=4),neuroendocrine tumor(n=3),duodenal adenoma(n=1),and adenomatous duodenal polyposis(n=1);scenario 2:retroperitoneal desmoid tumor(n=2),recurrence of liposarcoma(n=2),retroperitoneal paraganglioma(n=1),neuroendocrine tumor in pancreatic uncinate process(n=1),and duodenal infiltration due to metastatic adenopathies of a germinal tumor with digestive hemorrhage(n=1);and scenario 3:aortoenteric fistula(n=3),duodenal trauma(n=1),erosive duodenitis(n=1),and biliopancreatic limb ischemia(n=1).Severe complications(Clavien-Dindo≥IIIb)developed in 14%(5/35),and postoperative mortality was 3%(1/35).Conclusions:Pancreas-preserving duodenectomy is useful in the management of primary duodenal tumors,and is a technical option for some tumors with duodenal infiltration or in emergency interventions.
文摘Epibionts are floristic and faunistic benthonic organisms living attached to the skin of another animal; this phenomenon is well known as epibiosis and has been documented for all species of marine turtles. The interaction between the turtle and epibiotic organisms is to provide substrate for the epibionts communities, their presence are based mainly in the shell and in other anatomical structures in lower intensity. It has been registered that some epibionts affect growth, and can cause diverse damage in anatomical structures like the eyes, mouth, and limbs. They are usually vectors of disease. For such reasons the objective of the present work is to determinate the epibionts species associated with the marine turtle Lepidochelys olivacea in Ceuta beach, Sinaloa, Mexico. During the nesting season May-December of 2008-2009, the female turtles nesting and strandings were monitored and epibionts were collected. Eleven species distributed in the following taxa were obtained： fishes of the family Echeneidae, Hirudineos （Ozobranchus branchiatus, Ozobranchus margoi）, Arthropods （Chelonibia testudinaria, Lepas sp., Conchoderma virgatum） and the first registry of Stephanolepas muricata for Lepidochelys olivacea. According to the records from Ceuta Beach the species of epibionts are still being registered with the exception of Ozobranchus margoi, and Stephanolepas muricata, thus, suggesting further research on epibiont organisms.
文摘Data Mining has become an important technique for the exploration and extraction of data in numerous and various research projects in different fields (technology, information technology, business, the environment, economics, etc.). In the context of the analysis and visualisation of large amounts of data extracted using Data Mining on a temporary basis (time-series), free software such as R has appeared in the international context as a perfect inexpensive and efficient tool of exploitation and visualisation of time series. This has allowed the development of models, which help to extract the most relevant information from large volumes of data. In this regard, a script has been developed with the goal of implementing ARIMA models, showing these as useful and quick mechanisms for the extraction, analysis and visualisation of large data volumes, in addition to presenting the great advantage of being applied in multiple branches of knowledge from economy, demography, physics, mathematics and fisheries among others. Therefore, ARIMA models appear as a Data Mining technique, offering reliable, robust and high-quality results, to help validate and sustain the research carried out.
文摘Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a biliary malignancy arising from the perihilar biliary tree,which is associated with poor oncological outcomes due to its aggressive biology,chemo-resistance and insidious onset[1].As stated by Di Martino et al.,the standard of care is radical resection,and during the last decades,there have been great efforts to improve survival of potentially resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma,with surgery being the treatment associated with longer survival[2].However,radical resection still represents a challenging operation with high risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications.
文摘Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy(SABR)is an effective technique comparable to surgery in terms of local control and efficacy in early stages of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and pulmonary metastasis.Several fractionation schemes have proven to be safe and effective,including the single fraction(SF)scheme.SF is an option costeffectiveness,more convenience and comfortable for the patient and flexible in terms of its management combined with systemic treatments.The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has driven this not new but underutilized paradigm,recommending this option to minimize patients’visits to hospital.SF SABR already has a long experience,strong evidence and sufficient maturity to reliably evaluate outcomes in peripheral primary NSCLC and there are promising outcomes in pulmonary metastases,making it a valid treatment option;although its use in central locations,synchronous and recurrencies tumors requires more prospective safety and efficacy studies.The SABR radiobiology study,together with the combination with systemic therapies,(targeted therapies and immunotherapy)is a direction of research in both advanced disease and early stages whose future includes SF.
基金funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme(FP7/2007-2013),under Grant Agreement N°212492.
文摘This paper analyses the climate change in La Plata Basin, one of the most important regions in South America due to its economy and population. For this work it has been used the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) and the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) atmospheric global model. For both near and far future, the projected changes for temperature over the entire basin were positive, although they were only statistically significant at the end of the XXI century. Changes in the annual cycle of mean temperature were also positive in all subregions of the basin. Regarding precipitation, there were no changes in the near future that were statistically significant. The summer (winter) is the only season where both models project positive (negative) changes for both periods of the future. In the transitional seasons these changes vary depending on the spatial resolution model and the area of study. The annual cycle showed that the largest changes in precipitation (positive or negative) coincide with the rainy season of each subregion. Regarding the interannual variability of temperature, it was found that the 20 km. model pro-jected a decrease of this variability for both near and far future, especially in summer and autumn. On the other hand, the 60 km. ensemble model showed a decreased of year-to-year variability for summer and an increase in winter and spring. It was also found that both models project an increase in precipitation variability for winter and summer, while in other seasons, only the 60 km. ensemble model presents the mentioned behavior.
文摘Thymic epithelial tumours(TET)are rare,heterogeneous neoplasms that range from resectable indolent tumours to aggressive thymic carcinomas with a strong tendency to metastasize.The pathological diagnosis is complex,in part due to the management of TETs is scant and mainly based on non-randomised studies and retrospective series.Consequently,the clinical management of TETs tends to be highly heterogenous,which makes it difficult to improve the evidence level.The role of technological advances in the field of radiotherapy and new systemic therapies in the treatment of TETs has received little attention to date.In the present clinical guidelines,developed by the GOECP/SEOR,we review recent developments in the diagnosis and classification of TETs.We also present a consensus-based therapeutic strategy for each disease stage that takes into consideration the best available evidence.These guidelines focus primarily on the role of radiotherapy,including recent advances,in the management of TETs.The main aim of this document is to promote the standardisation of clinical practice and lay the foundations for future studies to clarify the main unresolved questions related to the optimal management of TET.
文摘Objective Pharmacopoeias regulate the manufacture of potentised pharmaceutical preparations used in different branches of complementary and integrative medicine.The physicochemical properties and biological activity of these preparations are often investigated in preclinical research,yet no guidelines for experimental research currently exist in this area.The present PrePoP guidelines aim to provide recommendations to promote high-quality,statistically sound,and reproducible preclinical research on potentised preparations.Methods Input was gathered from researchers nominated by the relevant scientific societies using a simplified Delphi consensus approach covering the most relevant aspects of basic research methodology in the field including appropriate controls,sample preparation and handling,and statistics.After three rounds of feedback,a consensus was finally reached on the most important aspects and considerations for conducting high-quality research on potentised preparations.Results We present a series of recommendations on a range of topics including experimental controls,system stability,blinding and randomisation,environmental influences,and procedures for the preparation of potentised samples and controls,and we address some specific challenges of this research field.Conclusion This expert consensus process resulted in a robust set of methodological guidelines for research on potentised preparations and provides a valuable framework that will inform and improve the quality of subsequent research in this emerging field.
基金funded by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES)[Funding Code 001],CAPES/BRASIL PDPG-POSDOC No.2930/2022.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico(CNPq)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais(FAPEMIG)[BPD-00571-22].
文摘Cytokinins are plant hormones that are essential for plant growth and development and are involved in a variety of processes.They are synthesized by the modification of adenine with an isoprenoid chain,resulting in cytokinins such as isopentenyladenine and zeatin.The levels of these hormones are regulated by conjugation,degradation and oxidation processes that modulate their activity.Cytokinins are perceived by cells through specific receptors that,when activated,trigger signaling cascades responsible for regulating the expression of genes critical for development.In addition,cytokinins interact with other hormones,such as auxins,to coordinate plant growth and architecture.They are transported by the xylem and phloem,allowing them to be distributed to different parts of the plant and to regulate processes such as cell division,morphogenesis and inhibition of leaf senescence,thereby prolonging the vegetative phase.Cytokinins also play a role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.They influence the expression of defense genes against pathogens and pests and adjust plant metabolism and growth in response to adverse conditions such as drought and salinity.Cytokinins interact in an integrated manner with other stress hormones,such as abscisic acid and ethylene,to coordinate plant responses to environmental challenges.In agriculture,the manipulation of cytokinins,whether by external application or genetic modification,shows great potential for increasing crop yields and improving plant resistance to stress.Advances in molecular biology and gene editing offer new opportunities to precisely modify these functions.This review elucidates recent research on cytokinins,covering their mechanisms of action,interactions with other hormones,and applications in agriculture.
文摘Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a prevalent genetic disorder primarily affecting individuals of African descent and populations in malaria-endemic regions, with significant global public health implications. Sickle cell crises are their most common acute complication, characterized by episodes of intense pain and systemic manifestations that impair quality of life and impose a high healthcare burden. We present the case of a 19-year-old male diagnosed with SCA since the age of two, who developed a sickle cell crisis precipitated by right basal pneumonia. The patient exhibited sudden-onset, cyclic lumbar pain with progressive dyspnea. Initial management included multimodal pain control, volume optimization, and targeted antimicrobial therapy to achieve clinical stabilization. This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing sickle cell crises, addressing both symptomatic relief and the prevention and treatment of complications. It also highlights the need for public health strategies promoting early diagnosis, access to disease-modifying therapies such as hydroxyurea, and interdisciplinary follow-up to mitigate the socioeconomic and clinical impact of SCA.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022 YFC 3105201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32170206)the Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China and NSFC-Shandong Joint Key Project(No.U 2106205)。
文摘Chaetoceros is a species-diverse genus of marine diatoms.The section Chaetoceros,recognized for the presence of numerous chloroplasts in both cell body and setae,is a common group of marine phytoplankton containing some species,which may cause harm to marine organisms due to the robust setae.Modern taxonomic studies combining morphological and molecular data are still limited for the section Chaetoceros.To explore the diversity of the section Chaetoceros,monoclonal strains were established from the South China Sea and two novel species are described here,C.tetracarina sp.nov.and C.dicrinis sp.nov.Chaetoceros tetracarina is unique by the rimoportula on the anterior valve having four basal ridges supporting the external tube,whereas the other rimoportulae in the same chains or the one on the posterior valve for single cells each only possess a long external tube and lack basal ridges.Chaetoceros dicrinis is solitary and characterized by the symmetrical extending of the two setae on the same valve under light microscope(LM).The phylogenetic results show the presence of several groups within the section Chaetoceros.Chaetoceros tetracarina was sister to C.cf.pseudodichaeta,but differed by 33 and 46 bps in ribosomal large-subunit(LSU)and small-subunit(SSU)sequences respectively.The most closely-related species of C.dicrinis was C.denticulatus,but they were distinctly different morphologically,differing by 3 and 2 bps in LSU and SSU sequences respectively.This study provides new findings to understand the diversity of section Chaetoceros;however the inner relationships within this section remain largely unresolved.
文摘Cetaceans include the largest animals ever to have lived onearth and are uniparous(producing a single calf at each birth)across the infraorder.However,instances of multiple fetuseshave been observed naturally among uniparous mammals,including cetaceans.Despite this,there is no known documented case of twins in cetaceans successfully carried to termin the wild(Perrin and Donovan 1984),and if such casesexist,they would be diffcult to detect.
