Semantic segmentation is a core task in computer vision that allows AI models to interact and understand their surrounding environment. Similarly to how humans subconsciously segment scenes, this ability is crucial fo...Semantic segmentation is a core task in computer vision that allows AI models to interact and understand their surrounding environment. Similarly to how humans subconsciously segment scenes, this ability is crucial for scene understanding. However, a challenge many semantic learning models face is the lack of data. Existing video datasets are limited to short, low-resolution videos that are not representative of real-world examples. Thus, one of our key contributions is a customized semantic segmentation version of the Walking Tours Dataset that features hour-long, high-resolution, real-world data from tours of different cities. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of open-vocabulary, semantic model OpenSeeD on our own custom dataset and discuss future implications.展开更多
Cognitive Radio Networks(CRNs)have become a successful platform in recent years for a diverse range of future systems,in particularly,industrial internet of things(IIoT)applications.In order to provide an efficient co...Cognitive Radio Networks(CRNs)have become a successful platform in recent years for a diverse range of future systems,in particularly,industrial internet of things(IIoT)applications.In order to provide an efficient connection among IIoT devices,CRNs enhance spectrum utilization by using licensed spectrum.However,the routing protocol in these networks is considered one of the main problems due to node mobility and time-variant channel selection.Specifically,the channel selection for routing protocol is indispensable in CRNs to provide an adequate adaptation to the Primary User(PU)activity and create a robust routing path.This study aims to construct a robust routing path by minimizing PU interference and routing delay to maximize throughput within the IIoT domain.Thus,a generic routing framework from a cross-layer perspective is investigated that intends to share the information resources by exploiting a recently proposed method,namely,Channel Availability Probability.Moreover,a novel cross-layer-oriented routing protocol is proposed by using a time-variant channel estimation technique.This protocol combines lower layer(Physical layer and Data Link layer)sensing that is derived from the channel estimation model.Also,it periodically updates and stores the routing table for optimal route decision-making.Moreover,in order to achieve higher throughput and lower delay,a new routing metric is presented.To evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol,network simulations have been conducted and also compared to the widely used routing protocols,as a benchmark.The simulation results of different routing scenarios demonstrate that our proposed solution outperforms the existing protocols in terms of the standard network performance metrics involving packet delivery ratio(with an improved margin of around 5–20%approximately)under varying numbers of PUs and cognitive users in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks(MCRNs).Moreover,the cross-layer routing protocol successfully achieves high routing performance in finding a robust route,selecting the high channel stability,and reducing the probability of PU interference for continued communication.展开更多
Background:The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted medical education and caused psychological distress and worry about clinical learning for those who received clinical medical education during this period.Although ...Background:The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted medical education and caused psychological distress and worry about clinical learning for those who received clinical medical education during this period.Although the acute phase of COVID-19 has now ended,understanding its impact is essential for strengthening medical system preparedness.Therefore,the present study examined the association between changes in medical education and worry about clinical learning,considering the mediating role of psychological distress among participants who received clinical training.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 542 post-graduate year(PGY)doctors and allied health students from the 2020 and 2021 cohorts in Taiwan.The survey assessed changes in clinical training modes,direct patient care,learning stress,psychological distress,and worry about clinical learning.Results:Among the participants,76.0%experienced changes in clinical training mode,and 84.3%had direct patient care experience.Direct patient care/contact was significantly correlated with lower levels of worry about clinical learning.Learning stress was positively correlated with increased psychological distress and worry about clinical learning.Psychological distress partially mediated the relationship between learning stress and worry about clinical learning.Conclusion:The findings highlight the importance of direct contact with patients because it was associated with lower levels of worry about clinical learning.Moreover,increased learning stress was associated with psychological distress and worry about clinical learning.Therefore,effective support systems are essential to mitigate these impacts and enhance clinical training during national health crises.The findings provide valuable insights for improving medical education and support systems in future health emergencies.However,the present study used a cross-sectional study design.Therefore,the mediation findings should be interpreted with caution(i.e.,no causal relationships can be determined based on cross-sectional data).展开更多
Background:Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide that results in physical and mental health problems.One major issue for physical inactivity is weight stigma(WS),especially perceived WS,which ...Background:Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide that results in physical and mental health problems.One major issue for physical inactivity is weight stigma(WS),especially perceived WS,which could lead to a tendency to avoid physical activity(PA).To better understand the association between perceived WS and PA,knowledge of the likely mediators in this association such as weight bias internalization(WBI)and psychological distress were investigated in the present study.Methods:Using a two-wave longitudinal study and convenient sampling,388 Taiwan residents participants(55%females;mean age=29.7 years[SD±6.3])completed two surveys six months apart.Body mass index(BMI),Perceived Weight Stigma Scale(PWSS),Weight Bias Internalization Scale(WBIS),Depression,Anxiety,Stress Scale(DASS-21),and Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale(TAPAS)were assessed.Results:A mediation model controlling for age,gender,and BMI with 5000 bootstrapping resamples was performed.Perceived WS exerted significant direct effects on WBI(β=0.25;p<0.001),psychological distress(β=0.15;p=0.003),and tendency to avoid PA(β=0.10;p=0.027);WBI exerted a significant direct effect on tendency to avoid PA(β=0.47;p<0.001).Standardized indirect effects of WBI and psychological distress on the association between perceived WS and tendency to avoid PA were 0.12 and 0.01,respectively.Conclusion:Given the direct association of perceived WS on the tendency to avoid PA and the mediating role of WBI in this association,interventions addressing perceived WS and WBI may contribute to promoting PA.Therefore,health interventionists(both when planning and executing PA programs)need to consider weight stigmawhen encouraging physical activity.展开更多
The Philippines is one of the most frequently affected countries by tropical cyclones(TCs),yet key questions remain about how storm behavior evolves as they enter national warning domains.In this study,we analyzed 372...The Philippines is one of the most frequently affected countries by tropical cyclones(TCs),yet key questions remain about how storm behavior evolves as they enter national warning domains.In this study,we analyzed 372 landfalling TCs from 1979 to 2024 across the TC Information Domain(TCID),Advisory Domain(TCAD),the Philippine Area of Responsibility(PAR),and the Philippine Coastal Waters(PCW),used here as a landfall proxy.By combining domain-level statistics,latitude-dependent characteristics,temporal evolution centered on landfall,and spatial patterns of intensification,this study presents a multidimensional perspective on how storm intensity and motion evolve as TCs approach and traverse the Philippine archipelago.Our results show that while TCs often persist in TCAD and PAR for several days,their presence within the Philippine coasts is brief(median:21 h).Many storms,especially those undergoing rapid intensification(RI)within 24 h before landfall,maintain high intensity up to and during coastal entry.These landfalling RI TCs(LF-RI TCs)often occur within the PAR,with intensification usually ramping up at around 36 h prior to landfall.This reinforces the operational challenge of detecting and responding to rapid changes in storm intensity close to land.TC center latitude is correlated with storm behavior:southern landfalls tend to involve faster-moving,more dynamically accelerating storms,while northern landfalls are typically stronger and slower,increasing the risk of prolonged wind and rainfall impacts.These findings underscore the value of timeand space-centered analyses in operational contexts and highlight the need to prepare not only for how many storms may arrive,but also for how strong,how fast,and how abrupt conditions may change near landfall.展开更多
文摘Semantic segmentation is a core task in computer vision that allows AI models to interact and understand their surrounding environment. Similarly to how humans subconsciously segment scenes, this ability is crucial for scene understanding. However, a challenge many semantic learning models face is the lack of data. Existing video datasets are limited to short, low-resolution videos that are not representative of real-world examples. Thus, one of our key contributions is a customized semantic segmentation version of the Walking Tours Dataset that features hour-long, high-resolution, real-world data from tours of different cities. Additionally, we evaluate the performance of open-vocabulary, semantic model OpenSeeD on our own custom dataset and discuss future implications.
文摘Cognitive Radio Networks(CRNs)have become a successful platform in recent years for a diverse range of future systems,in particularly,industrial internet of things(IIoT)applications.In order to provide an efficient connection among IIoT devices,CRNs enhance spectrum utilization by using licensed spectrum.However,the routing protocol in these networks is considered one of the main problems due to node mobility and time-variant channel selection.Specifically,the channel selection for routing protocol is indispensable in CRNs to provide an adequate adaptation to the Primary User(PU)activity and create a robust routing path.This study aims to construct a robust routing path by minimizing PU interference and routing delay to maximize throughput within the IIoT domain.Thus,a generic routing framework from a cross-layer perspective is investigated that intends to share the information resources by exploiting a recently proposed method,namely,Channel Availability Probability.Moreover,a novel cross-layer-oriented routing protocol is proposed by using a time-variant channel estimation technique.This protocol combines lower layer(Physical layer and Data Link layer)sensing that is derived from the channel estimation model.Also,it periodically updates and stores the routing table for optimal route decision-making.Moreover,in order to achieve higher throughput and lower delay,a new routing metric is presented.To evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol,network simulations have been conducted and also compared to the widely used routing protocols,as a benchmark.The simulation results of different routing scenarios demonstrate that our proposed solution outperforms the existing protocols in terms of the standard network performance metrics involving packet delivery ratio(with an improved margin of around 5–20%approximately)under varying numbers of PUs and cognitive users in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks(MCRNs).Moreover,the cross-layer routing protocol successfully achieves high routing performance in finding a robust route,selecting the high channel stability,and reducing the probability of PU interference for continued communication.
基金supported in part by(received funding from)the National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan(NSTC 113-2321-B-006-007)and the E-Da Hospital(EDAHS113037).
文摘Background:The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted medical education and caused psychological distress and worry about clinical learning for those who received clinical medical education during this period.Although the acute phase of COVID-19 has now ended,understanding its impact is essential for strengthening medical system preparedness.Therefore,the present study examined the association between changes in medical education and worry about clinical learning,considering the mediating role of psychological distress among participants who received clinical training.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 542 post-graduate year(PGY)doctors and allied health students from the 2020 and 2021 cohorts in Taiwan.The survey assessed changes in clinical training modes,direct patient care,learning stress,psychological distress,and worry about clinical learning.Results:Among the participants,76.0%experienced changes in clinical training mode,and 84.3%had direct patient care experience.Direct patient care/contact was significantly correlated with lower levels of worry about clinical learning.Learning stress was positively correlated with increased psychological distress and worry about clinical learning.Psychological distress partially mediated the relationship between learning stress and worry about clinical learning.Conclusion:The findings highlight the importance of direct contact with patients because it was associated with lower levels of worry about clinical learning.Moreover,increased learning stress was associated with psychological distress and worry about clinical learning.Therefore,effective support systems are essential to mitigate these impacts and enhance clinical training during national health crises.The findings provide valuable insights for improving medical education and support systems in future health emergencies.However,the present study used a cross-sectional study design.Therefore,the mediation findings should be interpreted with caution(i.e.,no causal relationships can be determined based on cross-sectional data).
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST 110-2410-H-006-115,MOST 111-2410-H-006-100,NSTC 112-2410-H-006-089-SS2)E-Da Hospital(EDAHS112032,EDAHS113021 and EDAHS113036)the Higher Education Sprout Project,Ministry of Education to the Headquarters of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University(NCKU).
文摘Background:Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide that results in physical and mental health problems.One major issue for physical inactivity is weight stigma(WS),especially perceived WS,which could lead to a tendency to avoid physical activity(PA).To better understand the association between perceived WS and PA,knowledge of the likely mediators in this association such as weight bias internalization(WBI)and psychological distress were investigated in the present study.Methods:Using a two-wave longitudinal study and convenient sampling,388 Taiwan residents participants(55%females;mean age=29.7 years[SD±6.3])completed two surveys six months apart.Body mass index(BMI),Perceived Weight Stigma Scale(PWSS),Weight Bias Internalization Scale(WBIS),Depression,Anxiety,Stress Scale(DASS-21),and Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale(TAPAS)were assessed.Results:A mediation model controlling for age,gender,and BMI with 5000 bootstrapping resamples was performed.Perceived WS exerted significant direct effects on WBI(β=0.25;p<0.001),psychological distress(β=0.15;p=0.003),and tendency to avoid PA(β=0.10;p=0.027);WBI exerted a significant direct effect on tendency to avoid PA(β=0.47;p<0.001).Standardized indirect effects of WBI and psychological distress on the association between perceived WS and tendency to avoid PA were 0.12 and 0.01,respectively.Conclusion:Given the direct association of perceived WS on the tendency to avoid PA and the mediating role of WBI in this association,interventions addressing perceived WS and WBI may contribute to promoting PA.Therefore,health interventionists(both when planning and executing PA programs)need to consider weight stigmawhen encouraging physical activity.
基金supported by the Office of the Chancellor of the University of the Philippines Diliman,through the University of the Philippines Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development(PhD Incentive Award Grant#242415 PhDIA YEAR 1)supported by the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Industry,Energy,and Emerging Technology Research and Development(DOST-PCIEERD)under the project“Analysis of tropical cyclone rapid intensification in the Philippines:its characteristics,impacts,and future-projections(1211131).
文摘The Philippines is one of the most frequently affected countries by tropical cyclones(TCs),yet key questions remain about how storm behavior evolves as they enter national warning domains.In this study,we analyzed 372 landfalling TCs from 1979 to 2024 across the TC Information Domain(TCID),Advisory Domain(TCAD),the Philippine Area of Responsibility(PAR),and the Philippine Coastal Waters(PCW),used here as a landfall proxy.By combining domain-level statistics,latitude-dependent characteristics,temporal evolution centered on landfall,and spatial patterns of intensification,this study presents a multidimensional perspective on how storm intensity and motion evolve as TCs approach and traverse the Philippine archipelago.Our results show that while TCs often persist in TCAD and PAR for several days,their presence within the Philippine coasts is brief(median:21 h).Many storms,especially those undergoing rapid intensification(RI)within 24 h before landfall,maintain high intensity up to and during coastal entry.These landfalling RI TCs(LF-RI TCs)often occur within the PAR,with intensification usually ramping up at around 36 h prior to landfall.This reinforces the operational challenge of detecting and responding to rapid changes in storm intensity close to land.TC center latitude is correlated with storm behavior:southern landfalls tend to involve faster-moving,more dynamically accelerating storms,while northern landfalls are typically stronger and slower,increasing the risk of prolonged wind and rainfall impacts.These findings underscore the value of timeand space-centered analyses in operational contexts and highlight the need to prepare not only for how many storms may arrive,but also for how strong,how fast,and how abrupt conditions may change near landfall.
