Digital content such as games,extended reality(XR),and movies has been widely and easily distributed over wireless networks.As a result,unauthorized access,copyright infringement by third parties or eavesdroppers,and ...Digital content such as games,extended reality(XR),and movies has been widely and easily distributed over wireless networks.As a result,unauthorized access,copyright infringement by third parties or eavesdroppers,and cyberattacks over these networks have become pressing concerns.Therefore,protecting copyrighted content and preventing illegal distribution in wireless communications has garnered significant attention.The Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)is regarded as a promising technology for future wireless and mobile networks due to its ability to reconfigure the radio propagation environment.This study investigates the security performance of an uplink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)system integrated with an IRS and employing Fountain Codes(FCs).Specifically,two users send signals to the base station at separate distances.A relay receives the signal from the nearby user first and then relays it to the base station.The IRS receives the signal from the distant user and reflects it to the relay,which then sends the reflected signal to the base station.Furthermore,a malevolent eavesdropper intercepts both user and relay communications.We construct mathematical equations for Outage Probability(OP),throughput,diversity evaluation,and Interception Probability(IP),offering quantitative insights to assess system security and performance.Additionally,OP and IP are analyzed using a Deep Neural Network(DNN)model.A deeper comprehension of the security performance of the IRS-assisted NOMA systemin signal transmission is provided by Monte Carlo simulations,which are also carried out to confirm the theoretical conclusions.展开更多
An objective grading method using a Computer Vision System (CVS) for mangoes is proposed. Red peel was selected using two types of color space values at chroma = 22 and hue angle = 52°. Eighteen out of 25 fully-r...An objective grading method using a Computer Vision System (CVS) for mangoes is proposed. Red peel was selected using two types of color space values at chroma = 22 and hue angle = 52°. Eighteen out of 25 fully-ripened fruits were graded as “excellent,” determined by the share of red area per fruit being in the range of 80% - 100%. In contrast, all green-mature fruits were graded as “fair,” where the share of red area per fruit was - 0.0542x + 7.83), with a correlation coefficient accuracy of 0.94 and root mean square error of 1.31 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>. This result may be effective for the visualization of anthocyanin distribution on mango skin. The threshold for red peel can be in the range of 131 - 186 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>. This suggests that the pigment concentration is usable as a universal threshold. This value is unaffected by conditions for image acquisition or color measurement (e.g., light source, sensor, filter, and optical geometry), unlike color space values as hue angle.展开更多
COVID-19 virus is certainly considered as one of the harmful viruses amongst all the illnesses in biological science. COVID-19 symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat, and headache. The paper gave a singular function f...COVID-19 virus is certainly considered as one of the harmful viruses amongst all the illnesses in biological science. COVID-19 symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat, and headache. The paper gave a singular function for the prediction of most of the COVID-19 virus diseases and presented with the Convolutional Neural Networks and Logistic Regression which might be the supervised learning and gaining knowledge of strategies for most of COVID-19 virus diseases detection. The proposed system makes use of an 8-fold pass determination to get a correct result. The COVID-19 virus analysis dataset is taken from Microsoft Database, Kaggle, and UCI websites gaining knowledge of the repository. The proposed studies investigate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Logistic Regression (LR) about the usage of the UCI database, Kaggle, and Google Database Datasets. This paper proposed a hybrid method for COVID-19 virus, most disease analyses through reducing the dimensionality of capabilities the usage of Logistic Regression (LR), after which making use of the brand new decreased function dataset to Convolutional Neural Networks and Logistic regression. The proposed method received the accuracy of 78.82%, sensitiveness of 97.41%, and specialness of 98.73%. The overall performance of the proposed system is appraised thinking about performance, accuracy, error rate, sensitiveness, particularity, correlation and coefficient. The proposed strategies achieved the accuracy of 78.82% and 97.41% respectively through Convolutional Neural Networks and Logistic Regression.展开更多
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that is rampant worldwide,with up to 70%of cases reported to be asymptomatic during epidemics.In this paper,a reaction-diffusion dengue model with asymptomatic carrier transmission i...Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that is rampant worldwide,with up to 70%of cases reported to be asymptomatic during epidemics.In this paper,a reaction-diffusion dengue model with asymptomatic carrier transmission is investigated.We aim to study the existence,nonexistence and minimum wave speed of traveling wave solutions to the model.The results show that the existence and nonexistence of traveling wave solutions are fully determined by the threshold values,which are,the basic reproduction number R0 and critical wave speed c^(*)>0.Specifically,when R0>1 and the wave speed c≥c^(*),the existence of the traveling wave solution is obtained by using Schauder's fixed point theorem and Lyapunov functional.It is proven that the model has no nontrivial traveling wave solutions for R0≤1 or R0>1 and 0<c<c^(*)by employing comparison principle and limit theory.As a consequence,we conclude that the critical wave speed c^(*)is the minimum wave speed of the model.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effects of several important parameters on the minimum wave speed.展开更多
In this paper,with the method of epidemic dynamics,we assess the spread and prevalence of COVID-19 after the policy adjustment of prevention and control measure in December 2022 in Taiyuan City in China,and estimate t...In this paper,with the method of epidemic dynamics,we assess the spread and prevalence of COVID-19 after the policy adjustment of prevention and control measure in December 2022 in Taiyuan City in China,and estimate the excess population deaths caused by COVID-19.Based on the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among individuals,a dynamic model with heterogeneous contacts is established to describe the change of control measures and the population's social behavior in Taiyuan city.The model is verified and simulated by basing on reported case data from November 8th to December 5th,2022 in Taiyuan city and the statistical data of the questionnaire survey from December 1st to 23rd,2022 in Neijiang city.Combining with reported numbers of permanent residents and deaths from 2017 to 2021 in Taiyuan city,we apply the dynamic model to estimate theoretical population of 2022 under the assumption that there is no effect of COVID-19.In addition,we carry out sensitivity analysis to determine the propagation character of the Omicron strain and the effect of the control measures.As a result of the study,it is concluded that after adjusting the epidemic policy on December 6th,2022,three peaks of infection in Taiyuan are estimated to be from December 22nd to 31st,2022,from May 10th to June 1st,2023,and from September 5th to October 13th,2023,and the corresponding daily peaks of new cases can reach 400000,44000 and 22000,respectively.By the end of 2022,excess deaths can range from 887 to 4887,and excess mortality rate can range from 3.06%to 14.82%.The threshold of the infectivity of the COVID-19 variant is estimated 0.0353,that is if the strain infectivity is above it,the epidemic cannot be control with the previous normalization measures.展开更多
Global demand for electricity is growing significantly in developing nations.Renewable energy accounts for barely 3%of total energy consumption in Bangladesh.Sources of renewable energy,e.g.solar,are increasingly bein...Global demand for electricity is growing significantly in developing nations.Renewable energy accounts for barely 3%of total energy consumption in Bangladesh.Sources of renewable energy,e.g.solar,are increasingly being acknowledged as viable supply-side choices for microgrids.This article presents a grid-connected microgrid design based on meteorological data for a local community situated in Mohammadpur,Dhaka.This study presents a feasible design of a system that gives the lowest cost of energy production and emissions that is evaluated using software named Hybrid Optimization Multiple Energy Resources(HOMER Pro).Comparison and assessment of the net present cost,cost of energy,operating cost and environmental emission for five different feasible microgrids are analysed concerning real-time data.Also,a suitable case is sorted out and proposed for the local community for electrification.The proposed case offers a$0.0442/kWh cost of energy,which is~32%cheaper than the current rate with a 57.5%renewable fraction and a payback period of 16.86 years.People of this local community will have access to considerably more clean energy at a lower price by this study;also this design could sell the excess energy to the grid to avoid frequent electricity outages.展开更多
Viral hepatitis,alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are the three major causes of chronic liver diseases,which account for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide...Viral hepatitis,alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are the three major causes of chronic liver diseases,which account for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide.The current direct-acting antiviral drugs and vaccinations have effectively reduced and ameliorated viral hepatitis infection,but there are still no effective drug treatments for ALD,NAFLD and liver cancer due to the poor understanding of their pathogenesis.To better understand the pathogenesis,the fifth Chinese American Liver Society/Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America Hepatology Division Annual Symposium,which was held virtually on 21–22 October 2022,focused on the topics related to ALD,NAFLD and liver cancer.Here,we briefly highlight the presentations that focus on the current progress in basic and translational research in ALD,NAFLD and liver cancer.The roles of non-coding RNA,autophagy,extrahepatic signalling,macrophages,etc in liver diseases are deliberated,and the application of single-cell RNA sequencing in the study of liver disease is also discussed.展开更多
The pollution and toxic greenhouse gases produced by fossil fuel combustion are troubling as global energy demand continues to rise.To mitigate the consequences of global warming,a transition to sustainable energy sou...The pollution and toxic greenhouse gases produced by fossil fuel combustion are troubling as global energy demand continues to rise.To mitigate the consequences of global warming,a transition to sustainable energy sources is necessary.This manuscript presents a feasible community microgrid design in Hazaribagh,Dhaka based on meteorological data that leads to photovoltaic installation on the rooftop of a local community building.This study shows a microgrid design of a system with the lowest cost of energy and a large renewable fraction,which is analysed using the HOMER Pro software.Using real-time data,analysis of the system cost,cost of energy,renewable fraction,unmet load,energy purchased and energy sold is discussed.A suitable case for electrification is also identified and presented for the selected community.The proposed case yields a cost of energy of$0.0357/kWh,which is 52%less than the current tariff rate,with a 70%renewable fraction.This study will provide people in this community with more green energy at a lower cost;in addition,this designed microgrid sells additional energy to the grid to avoid possible power outages.The potential for a positive energy community is also investigated in terms of energy consumption and renewable output of the planned microgrid.展开更多
基金supported in part by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)under Grant 102.04-2021.57in part by Culture,Sports and Tourism R&D Program through the Korea Creative Content Agency grant funded by the Ministry of Culture,Sports and Tourism in 2024(Project Name:Global Talent Training Program for Copyright Management Technology in Game Contents,Project Number:RS-2024-00396709,Contribution Rate:100%).
文摘Digital content such as games,extended reality(XR),and movies has been widely and easily distributed over wireless networks.As a result,unauthorized access,copyright infringement by third parties or eavesdroppers,and cyberattacks over these networks have become pressing concerns.Therefore,protecting copyrighted content and preventing illegal distribution in wireless communications has garnered significant attention.The Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)is regarded as a promising technology for future wireless and mobile networks due to its ability to reconfigure the radio propagation environment.This study investigates the security performance of an uplink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)system integrated with an IRS and employing Fountain Codes(FCs).Specifically,two users send signals to the base station at separate distances.A relay receives the signal from the nearby user first and then relays it to the base station.The IRS receives the signal from the distant user and reflects it to the relay,which then sends the reflected signal to the base station.Furthermore,a malevolent eavesdropper intercepts both user and relay communications.We construct mathematical equations for Outage Probability(OP),throughput,diversity evaluation,and Interception Probability(IP),offering quantitative insights to assess system security and performance.Additionally,OP and IP are analyzed using a Deep Neural Network(DNN)model.A deeper comprehension of the security performance of the IRS-assisted NOMA systemin signal transmission is provided by Monte Carlo simulations,which are also carried out to confirm the theoretical conclusions.
文摘An objective grading method using a Computer Vision System (CVS) for mangoes is proposed. Red peel was selected using two types of color space values at chroma = 22 and hue angle = 52°. Eighteen out of 25 fully-ripened fruits were graded as “excellent,” determined by the share of red area per fruit being in the range of 80% - 100%. In contrast, all green-mature fruits were graded as “fair,” where the share of red area per fruit was - 0.0542x + 7.83), with a correlation coefficient accuracy of 0.94 and root mean square error of 1.31 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>. This result may be effective for the visualization of anthocyanin distribution on mango skin. The threshold for red peel can be in the range of 131 - 186 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>. This suggests that the pigment concentration is usable as a universal threshold. This value is unaffected by conditions for image acquisition or color measurement (e.g., light source, sensor, filter, and optical geometry), unlike color space values as hue angle.
文摘COVID-19 virus is certainly considered as one of the harmful viruses amongst all the illnesses in biological science. COVID-19 symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat, and headache. The paper gave a singular function for the prediction of most of the COVID-19 virus diseases and presented with the Convolutional Neural Networks and Logistic Regression which might be the supervised learning and gaining knowledge of strategies for most of COVID-19 virus diseases detection. The proposed system makes use of an 8-fold pass determination to get a correct result. The COVID-19 virus analysis dataset is taken from Microsoft Database, Kaggle, and UCI websites gaining knowledge of the repository. The proposed studies investigate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Logistic Regression (LR) about the usage of the UCI database, Kaggle, and Google Database Datasets. This paper proposed a hybrid method for COVID-19 virus, most disease analyses through reducing the dimensionality of capabilities the usage of Logistic Regression (LR), after which making use of the brand new decreased function dataset to Convolutional Neural Networks and Logistic regression. The proposed method received the accuracy of 78.82%, sensitiveness of 97.41%, and specialness of 98.73%. The overall performance of the proposed system is appraised thinking about performance, accuracy, error rate, sensitiveness, particularity, correlation and coefficient. The proposed strategies achieved the accuracy of 78.82% and 97.41% respectively through Convolutional Neural Networks and Logistic Regression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12271317,11871316)。
文摘Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that is rampant worldwide,with up to 70%of cases reported to be asymptomatic during epidemics.In this paper,a reaction-diffusion dengue model with asymptomatic carrier transmission is investigated.We aim to study the existence,nonexistence and minimum wave speed of traveling wave solutions to the model.The results show that the existence and nonexistence of traveling wave solutions are fully determined by the threshold values,which are,the basic reproduction number R0 and critical wave speed c^(*)>0.Specifically,when R0>1 and the wave speed c≥c^(*),the existence of the traveling wave solution is obtained by using Schauder's fixed point theorem and Lyapunov functional.It is proven that the model has no nontrivial traveling wave solutions for R0≤1 or R0>1 and 0<c<c^(*)by employing comparison principle and limit theory.As a consequence,we conclude that the critical wave speed c^(*)is the minimum wave speed of the model.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effects of several important parameters on the minimum wave speed.
基金supported by Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province(20210009)Key research project in Shanxi Province(202102130501002)+1 种基金Key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(12231012)Key Projects of Health Commission of Shanxi Province(No.2020XM18).
文摘In this paper,with the method of epidemic dynamics,we assess the spread and prevalence of COVID-19 after the policy adjustment of prevention and control measure in December 2022 in Taiyuan City in China,and estimate the excess population deaths caused by COVID-19.Based on the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among individuals,a dynamic model with heterogeneous contacts is established to describe the change of control measures and the population's social behavior in Taiyuan city.The model is verified and simulated by basing on reported case data from November 8th to December 5th,2022 in Taiyuan city and the statistical data of the questionnaire survey from December 1st to 23rd,2022 in Neijiang city.Combining with reported numbers of permanent residents and deaths from 2017 to 2021 in Taiyuan city,we apply the dynamic model to estimate theoretical population of 2022 under the assumption that there is no effect of COVID-19.In addition,we carry out sensitivity analysis to determine the propagation character of the Omicron strain and the effect of the control measures.As a result of the study,it is concluded that after adjusting the epidemic policy on December 6th,2022,three peaks of infection in Taiyuan are estimated to be from December 22nd to 31st,2022,from May 10th to June 1st,2023,and from September 5th to October 13th,2023,and the corresponding daily peaks of new cases can reach 400000,44000 and 22000,respectively.By the end of 2022,excess deaths can range from 887 to 4887,and excess mortality rate can range from 3.06%to 14.82%.The threshold of the infectivity of the COVID-19 variant is estimated 0.0353,that is if the strain infectivity is above it,the epidemic cannot be control with the previous normalization measures.
文摘Global demand for electricity is growing significantly in developing nations.Renewable energy accounts for barely 3%of total energy consumption in Bangladesh.Sources of renewable energy,e.g.solar,are increasingly being acknowledged as viable supply-side choices for microgrids.This article presents a grid-connected microgrid design based on meteorological data for a local community situated in Mohammadpur,Dhaka.This study presents a feasible design of a system that gives the lowest cost of energy production and emissions that is evaluated using software named Hybrid Optimization Multiple Energy Resources(HOMER Pro).Comparison and assessment of the net present cost,cost of energy,operating cost and environmental emission for five different feasible microgrids are analysed concerning real-time data.Also,a suitable case is sorted out and proposed for the local community for electrification.The proposed case offers a$0.0442/kWh cost of energy,which is~32%cheaper than the current rate with a 57.5%renewable fraction and a payback period of 16.86 years.People of this local community will have access to considerably more clean energy at a lower price by this study;also this design could sell the excess energy to the grid to avoid frequent electricity outages.
基金Supported by the National Institutes of Health of the USA(DK122708,DK121330 and DK122796)to CJthe intramural research program of the Center for Cancer Research,National Cancer Institute of the USA(ZIA BC 012079 and ZIA BC 012083)to LM.
文摘Viral hepatitis,alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are the three major causes of chronic liver diseases,which account for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide.The current direct-acting antiviral drugs and vaccinations have effectively reduced and ameliorated viral hepatitis infection,but there are still no effective drug treatments for ALD,NAFLD and liver cancer due to the poor understanding of their pathogenesis.To better understand the pathogenesis,the fifth Chinese American Liver Society/Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America Hepatology Division Annual Symposium,which was held virtually on 21–22 October 2022,focused on the topics related to ALD,NAFLD and liver cancer.Here,we briefly highlight the presentations that focus on the current progress in basic and translational research in ALD,NAFLD and liver cancer.The roles of non-coding RNA,autophagy,extrahepatic signalling,macrophages,etc in liver diseases are deliberated,and the application of single-cell RNA sequencing in the study of liver disease is also discussed.
文摘The pollution and toxic greenhouse gases produced by fossil fuel combustion are troubling as global energy demand continues to rise.To mitigate the consequences of global warming,a transition to sustainable energy sources is necessary.This manuscript presents a feasible community microgrid design in Hazaribagh,Dhaka based on meteorological data that leads to photovoltaic installation on the rooftop of a local community building.This study shows a microgrid design of a system with the lowest cost of energy and a large renewable fraction,which is analysed using the HOMER Pro software.Using real-time data,analysis of the system cost,cost of energy,renewable fraction,unmet load,energy purchased and energy sold is discussed.A suitable case for electrification is also identified and presented for the selected community.The proposed case yields a cost of energy of$0.0357/kWh,which is 52%less than the current tariff rate,with a 70%renewable fraction.This study will provide people in this community with more green energy at a lower cost;in addition,this designed microgrid sells additional energy to the grid to avoid possible power outages.The potential for a positive energy community is also investigated in terms of energy consumption and renewable output of the planned microgrid.
