A statistical approach is developed, based on a Monte Carlo method, in order to determine the statistical composition of a polyamide-6 sample composed of caprolactam （an AB-type monomer） and of a di-acid （A2 type）...A statistical approach is developed, based on a Monte Carlo method, in order to determine the statistical composition of a polyamide-6 sample composed of caprolactam （an AB-type monomer） and of a di-acid （A2 type） or a tri- acid （A3 type） as coupling agents. For this composition, the linear theological behavior of these systems is predicted using a tube-based theory. This allows us to show that while coupling agents of type A2 can be seen as flow improver, the effect of branching agents of type A3, depending on the synthesis recipe and the conversion level, can lead either to an increase or to a decrease of the viscosity. By adding specific amount of these agents, we also show that it is possible to obtain materials with the same zero-shear viscosity but with different shear thinning behavior. Furthermore, the polydispersity of linear samples of the same average number molecular weight, Mn, is discussed in function of the amount of A2 monomers they contain. Ranging from 2 to 1.5, this difference in polydispersity is expected to have a significant influence on the processing behavior of such materials.展开更多
Conformational states of microtubules and proteins have typical spatial-spectral arrangements of atoms, called spatial coherence, that are characteristic for building, homeostasis, decay, and apoptosis. Microtubules s...Conformational states of microtubules and proteins have typical spatial-spectral arrangements of atoms, called spatial coherence, that are characteristic for building, homeostasis, decay, and apoptosis. Microtubules show a principle of a self-organizing-synergetic structure called a Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein state. The spatial coherence of this state can be described by a toroidal quantum equation of coherence. In this space, microtubules and proteins have typical discrete frequency patterns. These frequencies comply with two proposed quantum wave equations of respective coherence (regulation) and decoherence (deregulation), that describe quantum entangled and disentangled states. The proposed equation of coherence shows the following typical scale invariant distribution of energy: E<sub>n</sub> = ħω<sub>ref </sub>2<sup>q</sup>3<sup>m</sup>. The proposed model supports quantum entanglement and is in line with the earlier published models of Fröhlich, Davydov, and Chern. A meta-analysis shows a semi-harmonic scale-invariant pattern for microtubules, stem cells, proteins, and EEG- and MEG-patterns. A fit has been found for about 50 different organizing frequencies and 5 disorganizing frequencies of measured microtubule frequencies that fit with the calculated values of the proposed quantum equations, which are positioned in a nested toroidal geometry. All measured and analysed frequencies of microtubules comply with the same energy distribution found for Bose-Einstein condensates. The overall results show a presence of an informational quantum code, a direct relation with the eigenfrequencies of microtubules, stem cells, DNA, and proteins, that supplies information to realize biological order in life cells and substantiates a collective Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein type of behaviour and further support the models of Tuszynski, Hameroff, Bandyopadhyay, Del Giudice and Vitiello, Katona, Pettini, and Pokorny.展开更多
1 Results The objective was to make hyperbranched (HB) polyurethane brushes with reactive end groups, to coat biomedical devices and to enable the introduction of various functionalities that are needed to fulfill bio...1 Results The objective was to make hyperbranched (HB) polyurethane brushes with reactive end groups, to coat biomedical devices and to enable the introduction of various functionalities that are needed to fulfill biomedical tasks.Biomedical materials should fulfill at least three requirements: (1) good mechanical properties, (2) good biocompatibility and (3) provided with functionalities to perform the required tasks. Since polyurethanes are able to fulfill the first 2 requirements we focused in this w...展开更多
The aqueous solutions are evaluated as sustainable reactive extraction solvents for the recovery of monohydroxyl alcohols （benzyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol） present in few-percent concentrations in apolar hyd...The aqueous solutions are evaluated as sustainable reactive extraction solvents for the recovery of monohydroxyl alcohols （benzyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol） present in few-percent concentrations in apolar hydrocarbons （toluene, n-hexane, and cyclohexane） by considering two approaches. An aqueous solution containing a reactive extractant, like borate salts, borate complexes, a monosalt of dicarboxylic acid, hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins, and silver nitrate, shows limited potential to be used. Another approach, in which the alcohol is chemically modified prior to the extraction into an easy-extractable form, in this case a monoester/carboxylic acid, shows much more potential. An environmentally benign aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate can provide a distribution ratio of benzyl alcohol up to 200, leaving the solubility of the organic solvent in the aqueous solution unchanged relative to pure water and therefore increasing the selectivity with two orders of magnitude. The modification of aromatic, cyclo-aliphatic, and linear aliphatic alcohols can be performed efficiently in the apolar organic solvent without need for a catalyst. The recovery of the modified alcohol can be performed by back-extraction in combination with a spontaneous hydrolysis.展开更多
文摘A statistical approach is developed, based on a Monte Carlo method, in order to determine the statistical composition of a polyamide-6 sample composed of caprolactam （an AB-type monomer） and of a di-acid （A2 type） or a tri- acid （A3 type） as coupling agents. For this composition, the linear theological behavior of these systems is predicted using a tube-based theory. This allows us to show that while coupling agents of type A2 can be seen as flow improver, the effect of branching agents of type A3, depending on the synthesis recipe and the conversion level, can lead either to an increase or to a decrease of the viscosity. By adding specific amount of these agents, we also show that it is possible to obtain materials with the same zero-shear viscosity but with different shear thinning behavior. Furthermore, the polydispersity of linear samples of the same average number molecular weight, Mn, is discussed in function of the amount of A2 monomers they contain. Ranging from 2 to 1.5, this difference in polydispersity is expected to have a significant influence on the processing behavior of such materials.
文摘Conformational states of microtubules and proteins have typical spatial-spectral arrangements of atoms, called spatial coherence, that are characteristic for building, homeostasis, decay, and apoptosis. Microtubules show a principle of a self-organizing-synergetic structure called a Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein state. The spatial coherence of this state can be described by a toroidal quantum equation of coherence. In this space, microtubules and proteins have typical discrete frequency patterns. These frequencies comply with two proposed quantum wave equations of respective coherence (regulation) and decoherence (deregulation), that describe quantum entangled and disentangled states. The proposed equation of coherence shows the following typical scale invariant distribution of energy: E<sub>n</sub> = ħω<sub>ref </sub>2<sup>q</sup>3<sup>m</sup>. The proposed model supports quantum entanglement and is in line with the earlier published models of Fröhlich, Davydov, and Chern. A meta-analysis shows a semi-harmonic scale-invariant pattern for microtubules, stem cells, proteins, and EEG- and MEG-patterns. A fit has been found for about 50 different organizing frequencies and 5 disorganizing frequencies of measured microtubule frequencies that fit with the calculated values of the proposed quantum equations, which are positioned in a nested toroidal geometry. All measured and analysed frequencies of microtubules comply with the same energy distribution found for Bose-Einstein condensates. The overall results show a presence of an informational quantum code, a direct relation with the eigenfrequencies of microtubules, stem cells, DNA, and proteins, that supplies information to realize biological order in life cells and substantiates a collective Fröhlich-Bose-Einstein type of behaviour and further support the models of Tuszynski, Hameroff, Bandyopadhyay, Del Giudice and Vitiello, Katona, Pettini, and Pokorny.
文摘1 Results The objective was to make hyperbranched (HB) polyurethane brushes with reactive end groups, to coat biomedical devices and to enable the introduction of various functionalities that are needed to fulfill biomedical tasks.Biomedical materials should fulfill at least three requirements: (1) good mechanical properties, (2) good biocompatibility and (3) provided with functionalities to perform the required tasks. Since polyurethanes are able to fulfill the first 2 requirements we focused in this w...
基金Supported by DSM, NWO-CW (Netherlands Organisation for Scien-tific Research-Chemical Science) and NOVEM (Netherlands Agency for Energy and Environment)
文摘The aqueous solutions are evaluated as sustainable reactive extraction solvents for the recovery of monohydroxyl alcohols （benzyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol） present in few-percent concentrations in apolar hydrocarbons （toluene, n-hexane, and cyclohexane） by considering two approaches. An aqueous solution containing a reactive extractant, like borate salts, borate complexes, a monosalt of dicarboxylic acid, hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins, and silver nitrate, shows limited potential to be used. Another approach, in which the alcohol is chemically modified prior to the extraction into an easy-extractable form, in this case a monoester/carboxylic acid, shows much more potential. An environmentally benign aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate can provide a distribution ratio of benzyl alcohol up to 200, leaving the solubility of the organic solvent in the aqueous solution unchanged relative to pure water and therefore increasing the selectivity with two orders of magnitude. The modification of aromatic, cyclo-aliphatic, and linear aliphatic alcohols can be performed efficiently in the apolar organic solvent without need for a catalyst. The recovery of the modified alcohol can be performed by back-extraction in combination with a spontaneous hydrolysis.
