AIM: Delayed gastric emptying and an enlarged fasting gastric antrum are common findings in functional dyspepsia but their relationship with gastrointestinal (GI), and the frequently associated extra-GI symptoms remai...AIM: Delayed gastric emptying and an enlarged fasting gastric antrum are common findings in functional dyspepsia but their relationship with gastrointestinal (GI), and the frequently associated extra-GI symptoms remains unclear.This study evaluated the relationship between GI and extra-GI symptoms, fasting antral volume and delayed gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia.METHODS: In 108 functional dyspeptic patients antral volume and gastric emptying were assessed with ultrasonography (US). Symptoms were assessed with standardized questionnaire. The association of symptoms and fasting antral volume with delayed gastric emptying was estimated with logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Delayed gastric emptying was detected in 39.8% of the patients. Postprandial drowsiness (AOR 11.25; 95%CI 2.75-45.93), nausea (AOR 3.51; 95%CI 1.19-10.32), fasting antral volume (AOR 1.93; 95%CI 1.22-3.05), were significantly associated with delayed gastric emptying. Symptoms, mainly the extra-GI ones as postprandial drowsiness and nausea, combined with fasting antral volume predicted the modality of gastric emptying with a sensitivity and specificity of 78%.CONCLUSION: In functional dyspeptic patients, (1) an analysis of fasting antral volume and of symptoms can offer valuable indication on the modality of gastric emptying,and (2) it seems appropriate to inquire on postprandial drowsiness that showed the best correlation with delayed gastric emptying.展开更多
The maximum entropy principle(MEP) is one of the first methods which have been used to predict droplet size and velocity distributions of liquid sprays. This method needs a mean droplets diameter as an input to predic...The maximum entropy principle(MEP) is one of the first methods which have been used to predict droplet size and velocity distributions of liquid sprays. This method needs a mean droplets diameter as an input to predict the droplet size distribution. This paper presents a new sub-model based on the deterministic aspects of liquid atomization process independent of the experimental data to provide the mean droplets diameter for using in the maximum entropy formulation(MEF). For this purpose, a theoretical model based on the approach of energy conservation law entitled energy-based model(EBM) is presented. Based on this approach, atomization occurs due to the kinetic energy loss. Prediction of the combined model(MEF/EBM) is in good agreement with the available experimental data. The energy-based model can be used as a fast and reliable enough model to obtain a good estimation of the mean droplets diameter of a spray and the combined model(MEF/EBM) can be used to well predict the droplet size distribution at the primary breakup.展开更多
We illustrate a case study,where students designed enterprise architectures,that were not only welcome but successfully implemented.The success key was threefold.First the analysis framework,that integrates all the as...We illustrate a case study,where students designed enterprise architectures,that were not only welcome but successfully implemented.The success key was threefold.First the analysis framework,that integrates all the aspects of the systems that are relevant to users,namely user interface,rules,and information.Second,the analysis approach,that guides,trough confirmatory sessions,to elicit real requirements from users.Third,the model-to-model transformation,that assures consistency from the highest aggregate abstraction down to an executable model.展开更多
Lipids oxidation, histamine production and quality loss were studied according to storage time and temperature （ambient temperature （Tamb） 26 ℃, 4 ℃ and -18℃） in Atlantic mackerel （Scomber scombrus）. Muscle p...Lipids oxidation, histamine production and quality loss were studied according to storage time and temperature （ambient temperature （Tamb） 26 ℃, 4 ℃ and -18℃） in Atlantic mackerel （Scomber scombrus）. Muscle pH, hydrolysis of phospholipids, content of primary （hydroperoxides）, secondary lipid oxidation products （TBARS） and histamine were determined and compared with a sensory assessment. Atlantic mackerel is sensory acceptable, less than 24 hours at Tamb, for up to 3 days at 4 ℃ and 3 months at-18 ℃. Evolution of biochemical parameters with storage time and temperature showed significant differences （P 〈 0.05）. Muscle pH increased from 5.99 to 6.13 at Tamb, to 6.23 at 4 ℃ and to 6.04 at -18 ℃. The highest content of TBARS is associated with a decrease in phospholipids and hydroperoxides contents and highest levels of sensory alteration. Histamine content exceeded the limit recommended by the Trade Algerian Ministry （10 mg/100g）, after 24 hours at Tamb, 5 days of storage at 4 ~C only. Therefore, freezing storage has a preserving effect on lipid damage and histamine production and seems the best means of storage; if these species are not consumed during the two days following capture. Moreover, monitoring histamine production is more useful as sanitary index rather than spoilage parameter and the strategy used for measuring kinetic of lipid oxidation appear pertinent for determining the degree of oxidation.展开更多
Actual heat treatment processes must face increasing specifications with reference to process quality, safety and results in terms of reproducibility and repeatability. They can be met only if the parts’ surface cond...Actual heat treatment processes must face increasing specifications with reference to process quality, safety and results in terms of reproducibility and repeatability. They can be met only if the parts’ surface condition is controlled during manufacturing and, especially, prior to the treatment. An electrochemical method for the detection of a steel part’s surface condition is presented, together with results, consequences, and mechanisms concerning surface pre-treatment before the thermochemical process. A steel surface’s activity or passivity can be detected electrochenucalry, independently from the chemical background. The selected method was the recording of potential vs. time curves at small constant currents, using a miniaturized electrochemical cell, a (nearly) non-destructive electrolyte and a potentio-galvanostatic setup. The method enables to distinguish types of surface contamination which do not interfere with the thermochemical process, from passive layers which do and must be removed. Whereas some types of passive layers can be removed using conventional cleaning processes and agents, others are so stable that their effects can only be overcome by applying an additional activation pre-treatment, e.g. oxynitriding.展开更多
Background Genotype-by-sequencing has been proposed as an alternative to SNP genotyping arrays in genomic selection to obtain a high density of markers along the genome.It requires a low sequencing depth to be cost ef...Background Genotype-by-sequencing has been proposed as an alternative to SNP genotyping arrays in genomic selection to obtain a high density of markers along the genome.It requires a low sequencing depth to be cost effective,which may increase the error at the genotype assigment.Third generation nanopore sequencing technology offers low cost sequencing and the possibility to detect genome methylation,which provides added value to genotype-by-sequencing.The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of genotype-by-low pass nanopore sequencing for estimating the direct genomic value in dairy cattle,and the possibility to obtain methylation marks simultaneously.Results Latest nanopore chemistry(LSK14 and Q20)achieved a modal base calling accuracy of 99.55%,whereas previous kit(LSK109)achieved slightly lower accuracy(99.1%).The direct genomic value accuracy from genotype-by-low pass sequencing ranged between 0.79 and 0.99,depending on the trait(milk,fat or protein yield),with a sequencing depth as low as 2×and using the latest chemistry(LSK114).Lower sequencing depth led to biased estimates,yet with high rank correlations.The LSK109 and Q20 achieved lower accuracies(0.57-0.93).More than one million high reliable methylated sites were obtained,even at low sequencing depth,located mainly in distal intergenic(87%)and promoter(5%)regions.Conclusions This study showed that the latest nanopore technology in useful in a LowPass sequencing framework to estimate direct genomic values with high reliability.It may provide advantages in populations with no available SNP chip,or when a large density of markers with a wide range of allele frequencies is needed.In addition,low pass sequencing provided nucleotide methylation status of>1 million nucleotides at≥10×,which is an added value for epigenetic studies.展开更多
A novel radical grafting copolymerization process has been designed for water-soluble polymers which avoids the problems of conducting grafting reactions in highly viscous polymerization media. A variety of water-solu...A novel radical grafting copolymerization process has been designed for water-soluble polymers which avoids the problems of conducting grafting reactions in highly viscous polymerization media. A variety of water-soluble graft copolymers having starch or dextran as the backbone chain with grafted side chains of polyacrylamide (—AM—), poly (acrylic acid ) (—AA—), poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (—AM—NH_4AA—) or poly ( acrylamide-co-2-acryiamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulphinic acid) (—AM—AMPS—) have been synthesized in gel droplets using aceric sulphate redox initiator, and their properties compared. The reaction conditions were optimized taking into account reaction kinetic data and the observed properties of the products produced under different reaction conditions. The effects of the ratios of [backbone]/[graft monomer], [ AM]/[ AA]/[AMPS] , [Ce^(4+)]/[ S_2O_8=] and pH value on the reaction rate , conversion, grafting degree, grafted chain length and the product molecular weight have been investigated.展开更多
文摘AIM: Delayed gastric emptying and an enlarged fasting gastric antrum are common findings in functional dyspepsia but their relationship with gastrointestinal (GI), and the frequently associated extra-GI symptoms remains unclear.This study evaluated the relationship between GI and extra-GI symptoms, fasting antral volume and delayed gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia.METHODS: In 108 functional dyspeptic patients antral volume and gastric emptying were assessed with ultrasonography (US). Symptoms were assessed with standardized questionnaire. The association of symptoms and fasting antral volume with delayed gastric emptying was estimated with logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Delayed gastric emptying was detected in 39.8% of the patients. Postprandial drowsiness (AOR 11.25; 95%CI 2.75-45.93), nausea (AOR 3.51; 95%CI 1.19-10.32), fasting antral volume (AOR 1.93; 95%CI 1.22-3.05), were significantly associated with delayed gastric emptying. Symptoms, mainly the extra-GI ones as postprandial drowsiness and nausea, combined with fasting antral volume predicted the modality of gastric emptying with a sensitivity and specificity of 78%.CONCLUSION: In functional dyspeptic patients, (1) an analysis of fasting antral volume and of symptoms can offer valuable indication on the modality of gastric emptying,and (2) it seems appropriate to inquire on postprandial drowsiness that showed the best correlation with delayed gastric emptying.
文摘The maximum entropy principle(MEP) is one of the first methods which have been used to predict droplet size and velocity distributions of liquid sprays. This method needs a mean droplets diameter as an input to predict the droplet size distribution. This paper presents a new sub-model based on the deterministic aspects of liquid atomization process independent of the experimental data to provide the mean droplets diameter for using in the maximum entropy formulation(MEF). For this purpose, a theoretical model based on the approach of energy conservation law entitled energy-based model(EBM) is presented. Based on this approach, atomization occurs due to the kinetic energy loss. Prediction of the combined model(MEF/EBM) is in good agreement with the available experimental data. The energy-based model can be used as a fast and reliable enough model to obtain a good estimation of the mean droplets diameter of a spray and the combined model(MEF/EBM) can be used to well predict the droplet size distribution at the primary breakup.
文摘We illustrate a case study,where students designed enterprise architectures,that were not only welcome but successfully implemented.The success key was threefold.First the analysis framework,that integrates all the aspects of the systems that are relevant to users,namely user interface,rules,and information.Second,the analysis approach,that guides,trough confirmatory sessions,to elicit real requirements from users.Third,the model-to-model transformation,that assures consistency from the highest aggregate abstraction down to an executable model.
文摘Lipids oxidation, histamine production and quality loss were studied according to storage time and temperature （ambient temperature （Tamb） 26 ℃, 4 ℃ and -18℃） in Atlantic mackerel （Scomber scombrus）. Muscle pH, hydrolysis of phospholipids, content of primary （hydroperoxides）, secondary lipid oxidation products （TBARS） and histamine were determined and compared with a sensory assessment. Atlantic mackerel is sensory acceptable, less than 24 hours at Tamb, for up to 3 days at 4 ℃ and 3 months at-18 ℃. Evolution of biochemical parameters with storage time and temperature showed significant differences （P 〈 0.05）. Muscle pH increased from 5.99 to 6.13 at Tamb, to 6.23 at 4 ℃ and to 6.04 at -18 ℃. The highest content of TBARS is associated with a decrease in phospholipids and hydroperoxides contents and highest levels of sensory alteration. Histamine content exceeded the limit recommended by the Trade Algerian Ministry （10 mg/100g）, after 24 hours at Tamb, 5 days of storage at 4 ~C only. Therefore, freezing storage has a preserving effect on lipid damage and histamine production and seems the best means of storage; if these species are not consumed during the two days following capture. Moreover, monitoring histamine production is more useful as sanitary index rather than spoilage parameter and the strategy used for measuring kinetic of lipid oxidation appear pertinent for determining the degree of oxidation.
基金the financial support from AiF(Arbeitsgemeinschaft industieller Forschungsvereinigungen Otto von Guericke)and DFG(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)which made the work documented in this text possible.
文摘Actual heat treatment processes must face increasing specifications with reference to process quality, safety and results in terms of reproducibility and repeatability. They can be met only if the parts’ surface condition is controlled during manufacturing and, especially, prior to the treatment. An electrochemical method for the detection of a steel part’s surface condition is presented, together with results, consequences, and mechanisms concerning surface pre-treatment before the thermochemical process. A steel surface’s activity or passivity can be detected electrochenucalry, independently from the chemical background. The selected method was the recording of potential vs. time curves at small constant currents, using a miniaturized electrochemical cell, a (nearly) non-destructive electrolyte and a potentio-galvanostatic setup. The method enables to distinguish types of surface contamination which do not interfere with the thermochemical process, from passive layers which do and must be removed. Whereas some types of passive layers can be removed using conventional cleaning processes and agents, others are so stable that their effects can only be overcome by applying an additional activation pre-treatment, e.g. oxynitriding.
文摘Background Genotype-by-sequencing has been proposed as an alternative to SNP genotyping arrays in genomic selection to obtain a high density of markers along the genome.It requires a low sequencing depth to be cost effective,which may increase the error at the genotype assigment.Third generation nanopore sequencing technology offers low cost sequencing and the possibility to detect genome methylation,which provides added value to genotype-by-sequencing.The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of genotype-by-low pass nanopore sequencing for estimating the direct genomic value in dairy cattle,and the possibility to obtain methylation marks simultaneously.Results Latest nanopore chemistry(LSK14 and Q20)achieved a modal base calling accuracy of 99.55%,whereas previous kit(LSK109)achieved slightly lower accuracy(99.1%).The direct genomic value accuracy from genotype-by-low pass sequencing ranged between 0.79 and 0.99,depending on the trait(milk,fat or protein yield),with a sequencing depth as low as 2×and using the latest chemistry(LSK114).Lower sequencing depth led to biased estimates,yet with high rank correlations.The LSK109 and Q20 achieved lower accuracies(0.57-0.93).More than one million high reliable methylated sites were obtained,even at low sequencing depth,located mainly in distal intergenic(87%)and promoter(5%)regions.Conclusions This study showed that the latest nanopore technology in useful in a LowPass sequencing framework to estimate direct genomic values with high reliability.It may provide advantages in populations with no available SNP chip,or when a large density of markers with a wide range of allele frequencies is needed.In addition,low pass sequencing provided nucleotide methylation status of>1 million nucleotides at≥10×,which is an added value for epigenetic studies.
文摘A novel radical grafting copolymerization process has been designed for water-soluble polymers which avoids the problems of conducting grafting reactions in highly viscous polymerization media. A variety of water-soluble graft copolymers having starch or dextran as the backbone chain with grafted side chains of polyacrylamide (—AM—), poly (acrylic acid ) (—AA—), poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (—AM—NH_4AA—) or poly ( acrylamide-co-2-acryiamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulphinic acid) (—AM—AMPS—) have been synthesized in gel droplets using aceric sulphate redox initiator, and their properties compared. The reaction conditions were optimized taking into account reaction kinetic data and the observed properties of the products produced under different reaction conditions. The effects of the ratios of [backbone]/[graft monomer], [ AM]/[ AA]/[AMPS] , [Ce^(4+)]/[ S_2O_8=] and pH value on the reaction rate , conversion, grafting degree, grafted chain length and the product molecular weight have been investigated.
