Titanium aluminides have attracted significant attention for automotive and aerospace applications since materials properties have been strongly improved over the last years,and engineers have become more familiar to ...Titanium aluminides have attracted significant attention for automotive and aerospace applications since materials properties have been strongly improved over the last years,and engineers have become more familiar to design with a material that shows limited ductility and damage tolerance.Part of the reason for slow introduction into service is the complexity of materials processing which is attributed to - a strong dependency of component properties on alloy chemistry and microstructure.Moreover,titanium aluminides can suffer from substantial degradation caused by interaction with the environment at elevated temperatures,typically beyond 750℃. The paper will provide an overview of the research and development activities on coatings for protection of gamma titanium aluminides as part of the European Framework Programme project INNOVATIAL led by the author.The paper addresses different coating development strategies followed in this project,such as intermetallic coatings,nitride coatings as well as thermal barrier coatings.It will be shown,that some of the candidates provide good protection against oxidation up to 900℃.The oxidation results indicate that in addition to coating chemistry the deposition process plays a major role in improving properties.Here, a new HIPIMS('High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering) process has demonstrated its capability to provide coatings with very good adhesion and high density that can effectively protect titanium aluminides against environmental attack.展开更多
This paper introduces to security management that is conducted at infrastructure installations and their corre-sponding technical assets.Malicious activities at those infrastructures lead to a loss of service provisio...This paper introduces to security management that is conducted at infrastructure installations and their corre-sponding technical assets.Malicious activities at those infrastructures lead to a loss of service provision or can even introduce cascading effects towards other connected infrastructures.If an infrastructure satisfies a signifi-cant societal need,it is considered a critical infrastructure.The cascading effects can cause secondary effects at the connected infrastructures,such as airports.Airport operations are central to long-distance societal mobility and even small disruptions have knock-on effects throughout the air transport network.The cascading effects that can affect the airport and that originate at linked infrastructures and real-time use of the corresponding infor-mation for airport management and collaborative decision-making purposes in an Airport Operations Center are not well known.In what operational way can an Airport Operations Center make use of early awareness of and information about attacks on linked critical infrastructures?In how far do attacks on separate,but interconnected critical infrastructures have an effect on the operations of an airport?By looking at the existing state of the art and ongoing projects in infrastructure security research,disaster and airport management,this paper conducts a gap identification.The identified weaknesses and limitations are already partially addressed by current research projects.What is still unknown is the necessary airport-centric security management view in order to answer the research question.As a consequence,this paper proposes ideas for future necessary airport-centric infrastructure security research.展开更多
文摘Titanium aluminides have attracted significant attention for automotive and aerospace applications since materials properties have been strongly improved over the last years,and engineers have become more familiar to design with a material that shows limited ductility and damage tolerance.Part of the reason for slow introduction into service is the complexity of materials processing which is attributed to - a strong dependency of component properties on alloy chemistry and microstructure.Moreover,titanium aluminides can suffer from substantial degradation caused by interaction with the environment at elevated temperatures,typically beyond 750℃. The paper will provide an overview of the research and development activities on coatings for protection of gamma titanium aluminides as part of the European Framework Programme project INNOVATIAL led by the author.The paper addresses different coating development strategies followed in this project,such as intermetallic coatings,nitride coatings as well as thermal barrier coatings.It will be shown,that some of the candidates provide good protection against oxidation up to 900℃.The oxidation results indicate that in addition to coating chemistry the deposition process plays a major role in improving properties.Here, a new HIPIMS('High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering) process has demonstrated its capability to provide coatings with very good adhesion and high density that can effectively protect titanium aluminides against environmental attack.
基金EU H2020 research and inno-vation program under grant agreement No.101021274(PRAETORIAN project,https://praetorian-h2020.eu/).
文摘This paper introduces to security management that is conducted at infrastructure installations and their corre-sponding technical assets.Malicious activities at those infrastructures lead to a loss of service provision or can even introduce cascading effects towards other connected infrastructures.If an infrastructure satisfies a signifi-cant societal need,it is considered a critical infrastructure.The cascading effects can cause secondary effects at the connected infrastructures,such as airports.Airport operations are central to long-distance societal mobility and even small disruptions have knock-on effects throughout the air transport network.The cascading effects that can affect the airport and that originate at linked infrastructures and real-time use of the corresponding infor-mation for airport management and collaborative decision-making purposes in an Airport Operations Center are not well known.In what operational way can an Airport Operations Center make use of early awareness of and information about attacks on linked critical infrastructures?In how far do attacks on separate,but interconnected critical infrastructures have an effect on the operations of an airport?By looking at the existing state of the art and ongoing projects in infrastructure security research,disaster and airport management,this paper conducts a gap identification.The identified weaknesses and limitations are already partially addressed by current research projects.What is still unknown is the necessary airport-centric security management view in order to answer the research question.As a consequence,this paper proposes ideas for future necessary airport-centric infrastructure security research.
