In this comment on the article“Locating the source field lines of Jovian decametric radio emissions”by Wang YM et al.,2020,we discuss the assumptions used by the authors to compute the beaming angle of Jupiter’s de...In this comment on the article“Locating the source field lines of Jovian decametric radio emissions”by Wang YM et al.,2020,we discuss the assumptions used by the authors to compute the beaming angle of Jupiter’s decametric emissions induced by the moon Io.Their method,relying on multi-point radio observations,was applied to a single event observed on 14th March 2014 by Wind and both STEREO A/B spacecraft from~5 to~16 MHz.They have erroneously identified the emission as a northern(Io-B type)instead of a southern one(Io-D type).We encourage the authors to update their results with the correct hemisphere of origin and to test their method on a larger sample of Jupiter-Io emissions.展开更多
A retrospective descriptive study is conducted at the San Juan de Dios Hospital, San José, Costa Rica, during the period from February 2016 to March 2017, with a total of 37 patients from which a combined screeni...A retrospective descriptive study is conducted at the San Juan de Dios Hospital, San José, Costa Rica, during the period from February 2016 to March 2017, with a total of 37 patients from which a combined screening during the first trimester of pregnancy was conducted, evaluating maternal age, biochemical and sonographic methods that together can predict the risk of fetal chromosomal alterations during pregnancy. The purpose of using combined screening as a noninvasive method is to identify high risk gestations and to minimize the number of invasive procedures to detect the highest number of cases. Four patients with higher risk of aneuploidy during pregnancy were identified through this screening.展开更多
Experimental tests are essential for evaluating S-N curves and assessing the fatigue life of welded joints.However,in the case of complex geometries,experimental tests often cannot provide the necessary stress-strain ...Experimental tests are essential for evaluating S-N curves and assessing the fatigue life of welded joints.However,in the case of complex geometries,experimental tests often cannot provide the necessary stress-strain data for specific materials and welded joints.Therefore,finite element(FE)analyses are frequently utilized to assess fatigue behavior in complex geometries and address the discontinuities induced by welding processes.In this study,the fatigue properties of titanium welded joints,produced using an innovative laser source and welded without the use of filler materials,were analyzed through numerical methods.Two different FEmethodswere applied to T-specimens fabricated from Ti6Al4V sheets:the hot-spot stress and notch-stress approach.The FE fatigue life predictions were validated using experimental fatigue test results.The Hot-Spot Stress method yielded a fatigue limit slightly below 100 MPa,demonstrating a consistent slope in the S-N response.Conversely,the Notch Stress method,using a 1 mm fictitious notch radius,indicated a higher fatigue strength corresponding to a range between 225 and 250MPa,providing amore conservative and localized fatigue estimate.Fatigue resistance in welded joints of steel and aluminum is commonly assessed using specific fatigue classes called“Fatigue Strength Classes(FAT)curves”and their associated S-N curves as recommended by the International Institute of Welding(IIW).However,no such FAT class assignments currently exist for titanium alloys.To address this gap,strain-based FAT curves were proposed by normalizing steel FAT curves using titanium’s elastic properties.This strain-based framework enables direct comparison across materials and provides a foundation for fatigue evaluation of titanium weldments.The author proposed a procedure to normalize steel FAT curves considering the different elastic material properties,enabling a comparison with Ti6Al4V data in terms of hot spot strain or notch strain.This approach facilitates the development of a universal framework for strain-based fatigue evaluation across different materials.展开更多
In recent years, the use of new biomarkers in different phases of the diagnosis andtreatment of several diseases has allowed substantial improvement in clinicalpractice. The use of donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDN...In recent years, the use of new biomarkers in different phases of the diagnosis andtreatment of several diseases has allowed substantial improvement in clinicalpractice. The use of donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) in organ transplantationhas led to significant progress in the treatment of post-transplantoutcomes, particularly after kidney transplantation. In addition, the use of ddcfDNAin organ transplantation has led to significant advancements in posttransplantoutcome monitoring. The aim of this study is to review many of therecent studies on the use of this biomarker and to evaluate its most relevantadvantages and limitations. dd-cfDNA is released from several types of cells ofthe transplanted organ, most often from endothelial cells and this happens in thecase of organ damage, most often rejection. Its presence in the bloodstream of therecipients is an important sign of graft damage;its principal advantage is in theavoidance of invasive tools such as renal biopsy. Additionally, several studiesreported that the finding of dd-cfDNA in the serum may precede histologicalabnormalities;its utility in the diagnosis of subclinical rejection is extremelyimportant. Among the principal limitations of this tool are the difficulty in distinguishingdifferent forms of graft damage. According to several studies this toolhas several limitations in diagnosing T-cell mediated rejection. In addition,particular care should be taken in distinguishing dd-cfDNA from recipientderivedcfDNA.展开更多
This article analyses the relationship between PM_(10) concentrations inside and outside two schools in Barreiro,Portugal:Primary School No.5 and D.Luís Mendonça Furtado Basic School.The main objective was t...This article analyses the relationship between PM_(10) concentrations inside and outside two schools in Barreiro,Portugal:Primary School No.5 and D.Luís Mendonça Furtado Basic School.The main objective was to understand the impact of external and internal sources on indoor air quality(IAQ)in school environments.Monitoring campaigns were carried out in different indoor spaces,including classrooms,the gym,and the canteen,and the results were compared with PM_(10) levels outside the building.At Primary School No.5,indoor PM10 concentrations were consistently higher than the outdoor values measured on Avenida do Bocage,with an average Indoor/Outdoor(I/O)ratio of 2.2,indicating a significant impact of indoor activities on particle levels.Similarly,at the D.Luís Mendonça Furtado Basic School,there was an increase in PM_(10) and PM_(2:5) concentrations during school hours,with the highest I/O ratio(3.04)recorded on school days.In the evenings and at weekends,when the spaces were unoccupied,particle concentrations dropped considerably,reaching an I/O ratio of 0.70.Said results suggest that indoor activities are a determining factor for particle levels in indoor air,emphasizing the need for ventilation and pollution control strategies in schools to protect the health of students and staff.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,responsible for approximately 900000 deaths annually.Inflammation and malnutrition significa...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,responsible for approximately 900000 deaths annually.Inflammation and malnutrition significantly influence patients'responses to treatment.Markers such as serum albumin concentration,the prognostic nutritional index,nutritional risk index(NRI),geriatric NRI,and the systemic immune-inflammation index enable the early identification of high-risk patients,facilitating timely interventions that can improve survival and reduce morbidity.A comprehensive understanding and application of these markers allow for better risk stratification in CRC patients,optimizing their management and outcomes.展开更多
Self-Explaining Autonomous Systems(SEAS)have emerged as a strategic frontier within Artificial Intelligence(AI),responding to growing demands for transparency and interpretability in autonomous decisionmaking.This stu...Self-Explaining Autonomous Systems(SEAS)have emerged as a strategic frontier within Artificial Intelligence(AI),responding to growing demands for transparency and interpretability in autonomous decisionmaking.This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of SEAS research published between 2020 and February 2025,drawing upon 1380 documents indexed in Scopus.The analysis applies co-citation mapping,keyword co-occurrence,and author collaboration networks using VOSviewer,MASHA,and Python to examine scientific production,intellectual structure,and global collaboration patterns.The results indicate a sustained annual growth rate of 41.38%,with an h-index of 57 and an average of 21.97 citations per document.A normalized citation rate was computed to address temporal bias,enabling balanced evaluation across publication cohorts.Thematic analysis reveals four consolidated research fronts:interpretability in machine learning,explainability in deep neural networks,transparency in generative models,and optimization strategies in autonomous control.Author co-citation analysis identifies four distinct research communities,and keyword evolution shows growing interdisciplinary links with medicine,cybersecurity,and industrial automation.The United States leads in scientific output and citation impact at the geographical level,while countries like India and China show high productivity with varied influence.However,international collaboration remains limited at 7.39%,reflecting a fragmented research landscape.As discussed in this study,SEAS research is expanding rapidly yet remains epistemologically dispersed,with uneven integration of ethical and human-centered perspectives.This work offers a structured and data-driven perspective on SEAS development,highlights key contributors and thematic trends,and outlines critical directions for advancing responsible and transparent autonomous systems.展开更多
Gut microbiota is often modified after kidney transplantation.This principally happens in the first period after transplantation.Antibiotics and,most of all,immunosuppressive drugs are the main responsible.The relatio...Gut microbiota is often modified after kidney transplantation.This principally happens in the first period after transplantation.Antibiotics and,most of all,immunosuppressive drugs are the main responsible.The relationship between immunosuppressive drugs and the gut microbiota is bilateral.From one side immunosuppressive drugs modify the gut microbiota,often generating dysbiosis;from the other side microbiota may interfere with the immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics,producing products more or less active with respect to the original drug.These phenomena have influence over the graft outcomes and clinical consequences as rejections,infections,diarrhea may be caused by the dysbiotic condition.Corticosteroids,calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine,mycophenolate mofetil and mTOR inhibitors are the immunosuppressive drugs whose effect on the gut microbiota is better known.In contrast is well known how the gut microbiota may interfere with glucocorticoids,which may be transformed into androgens.Tacrolimus may be transformed by microbiota into a product called M1 that is 15-fold less active with respect to tacrolimus.The pro-drug mycophenolate mofetil is normally transformed in mycophenolic acid that according the presence or not of microbes producing the enzyme glucuronidase,may be transformed into the inactive product.展开更多
For ulcerative colitis(UC),the variability in inflammatory activity along the colon poses a challenge in management.The focus on achieving endoscopic healing in UC is evident,where the UC Endoscopic Index of Severity ...For ulcerative colitis(UC),the variability in inflammatory activity along the colon poses a challenge in management.The focus on achieving endoscopic healing in UC is evident,where the UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore are commonly used for evaluation.However,these indices primarily consider the most severely affected region.Liu et al recent study validates the Toronto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Global Endoscopic Reporting(TIGER)score offering a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory activity across diverse segments of the colon and rectum and a reliable index correlating strongly with UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and moderately with Mayo Endoscopic Subscore(MES).Despite recommendation,certain aspects warrant further invest-igation.Fecal calprotectin,an intermediate target,correlates with TIGER and should be explored.Determining TIGER scores defining endoscopic remission and response,evaluating agreement with histological activity,and assessing inter-endoscopist agreement for TIGER require scrutiny.Exploring the correlation between TIGER and intestinal ultrasound,akin to MES,adds value.展开更多
The Human Microbiome Project,Earth Microbiome Project,and next-generation sequencing have advanced novel genome association,host genetic linkages,and pathogen identification.The microbiome is the sum of the microbes,t...The Human Microbiome Project,Earth Microbiome Project,and next-generation sequencing have advanced novel genome association,host genetic linkages,and pathogen identification.The microbiome is the sum of the microbes,their genetic information,and their ecological niche.This study will describe how millions of bacteria in the gut affect the human body in health and disease.The gut microbiome changes in relation with age,with an increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.Host and environmental factors affecting the gut microbiome are diet,drugs,age,smoking,exercise,and host genetics.In addition,changes in the gut microbiome may affect the local gut immune system and systemic immune system.In this study,we discuss how the microbiome may affect the metabolism of healthy subjects or may affect the pathogenesis of metabolism-generating metabolic diseases.Due to the high number of publications on the argument,from a methodologically point of view,we decided to select the best papers published in referred journals in the last 3 years.Then we selected the previously published papers.The major goals of our study were to elucidate which microbiome and by which pathways are related to healthy and disease conditions.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus(HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)co-infection still involves 2.3 million patients worldwide of the estimated 37.7 million living with HIV,according to World Health Organization.People living wit...Hepatitis C virus(HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)co-infection still involves 2.3 million patients worldwide of the estimated 37.7 million living with HIV,according to World Health Organization.People living with HIV(PLWH)are six times greater affected by HCV,compared to HIV negative ones;the greater prevalence is encountered among people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men:the risk of HCV transmission through sexual contact in this setting can be increased by HIV infection.These patients experience a high rate of chronic hepatitis,which if left untreated progresses to end-stage liver disease and hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)HIV infection increases the risk of mother to child vertical transmission of HCV.No vaccination against both infections is still available.There is an interplay between HIV and HCV infections.Treatment of HCV is nowadays based on direct acting antivirals(DAAs),HCV treatment plays a key role in limiting the progression of liver disease and reducing the risk of HCC development in mono-and coinfected individuals,especially when used at an early stage of fibrosis,reducing liver disease mortality and morbidity.Since the sustained virological response at week 12 rates were observed in PLWH after HCV eradication,the AASLD has revised its simplified HCV treatment algorithm to also include individuals living with HIV.HCV eradication can determine dyslipidemia,since HCV promotes changes in serum lipid profiles and may influence lipid metabolism.In addition to these apparent detrimental effects on the lipid profile,the efficacy of DAA in HCV/HIV patients needs to be considered in light of its effects on glucose metabolism mediated by improvements in liver function.The aim of the present editorial is to describe the advancement in HCV treatment among PLWH.展开更多
In this paper,the determination of Thiram fungicide by a novel modified screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)fabricated modifying the working electrode(WE)with 2D-GO/WS2nanohybrid composites,is reported.Scanning elect...In this paper,the determination of Thiram fungicide by a novel modified screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)fabricated modifying the working electrode(WE)with 2D-GO/WS2nanohybrid composites,is reported.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Raman spectroscopy,and fluorescence analysis(PL)were used to reveal the morphological and microstructural characteristics of the 2D-GO/WS2 nanohybrids with different graphene oxide:tungsten disulphide(GO:WS_(2))ratio.Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the 2D-WS2/GO nanohybrids having a GO:WS_(2)ratio=2:1 shows the highest electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of Thiram.The developed sensor permits the quantification of Thiram in the linear range 0.083-0.33μM with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.02μM,which is below the legal limits for this fungicide in drinking water or foods.展开更多
Recently,new findings have been clarified concerning both pathogenesis and treatment of IgA nephritis.The four hits theory has been confirmed but several genetic wide association studies have allowed finding several g...Recently,new findings have been clarified concerning both pathogenesis and treatment of IgA nephritis.The four hits theory has been confirmed but several genetic wide association studies have allowed finding several genes connected with the pathogenesis of the disease.All these new genes apply to each of the four hits.Additionally,new discoveries concerning the microbiota and its connection with immune system and IgA generation have allowed finding out the role of the mucosa in IgA nephropathy pathogenesis.The IgA treatment is also changed included the future possibilities.The treatment of the chronic kidney disease,associated with the nephropathy,is mandatory,since the beginning of the disease.The classical immunosuppressive agents have poor effect.The corticosteroids remain an important cornerstone in any phase of the disease.More effect is related to the treatment of B cells and plasma cells.In particular,in very recent studies have been documented the efficacy of anti B cell-activating factor and anti A proliferation-inducing ligand agents.Most of these studies are to date in phase II/III.Finally,new agents targeting complement are arising.These agents also are still in randomized trials and act principally in hit 4 where the immunocomplexes in the mesangium activate the different pathways of the complement cascade.展开更多
Aims:We aimed to compare cancer survivors’fatigue expression with that of the general population and examine psychobiological factors associated with fatigue.Procedure:In this quantitative,transversal study,we analyz...Aims:We aimed to compare cancer survivors’fatigue expression with that of the general population and examine psychobiological factors associated with fatigue.Procedure:In this quantitative,transversal study,we analyzed clinical and sociodemographic indicators of 389 participants(68.38%females):148 cancer survivors on active treatment,55 disease-free survivors,75 patients with another chronic disease,and 111 healthy individuals.Results:Fatigue was expressed dissimilarly in patients with a previous history of cancer and participants without a history of cancer.Survivors on active treatment reported significantly higher levels of fatigue than the other clinical status groups.Nonetheless,some level of cancer-related fatigue persisted,in a similar pattern,after active treatment into the survivorship phase.Disease-free survivors showed significantly lower vigor levels when compared to patients with other chronic diseases.Psychological distress and daytime sleepiness emerged as transdiagnostic factors associated with fatigue.Conclusion:Cancer-related fatigue may have a unique pattern,characterized by reduced endurance and muscle weakness.In the present study,psychological distress and daytime sleepiness are associated with cancer-related fatigue.These findings suggest the pertinence of future studies examining whether interventions targeting those factors may help manage this burdensome complaint.展开更多
Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs.Then,this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection,encompassing arguments to underst...Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs.Then,this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection,encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus far.The potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question,looking at some evolutive aspects.The lineage of canids has shown,throughout its evolutionary history,a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes,classifed as endogenous retroviruses.In this context,the genomes of canids seem to ofer obstacles,which have been evolutionarily conserved,in the face of retroviral infection.展开更多
With Adolf Hitler´s promotion and the National Socialism under the German power in 1933-and until 1945-,European Jews went through a process of exclusion,rejection,expulsion and destruction into the German societ...With Adolf Hitler´s promotion and the National Socialism under the German power in 1933-and until 1945-,European Jews went through a process of exclusion,rejection,expulsion and destruction into the German society.Colombia,on this hand,received only about 6,000 Jewish travelers,which constituted the largest wave of immigrants of Jewish origin in the country,given that it has not been-since its formation-a state of immigrants.This article serves as purpose to show evidence of some actions developed in Colombia,during the period from 1939 to 1948,against the Jewish communities that were settled in the country,and were victims of the emergence of an anti-Semitism local.The exaltation of their voices is a constant purpose,as a way of"doing justice"to these victims of the Shoah,in which Colombia made a small,but still significant,contribution.展开更多
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR) has been validated as a new therapy for patients affected by severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are not eligible for surgical intervention because of major contraindica...Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR) has been validated as a new therapy for patients affected by severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are not eligible for surgical intervention because of major contraindication or high operative risk. Patient selection for TAVR should be based not only on accurate assessment of aortic stenosis morphology, but also on several clinical and functional data. Multi-Imaging modalities should be preferred for assessing the anatomy and the dimensions of the aortic valve and annulus before TAVR. Ultrasounds represent the first line tool in evaluation of this patients giving detailed anatomic description of aortic valve complex and allowing estimating with enough reliability the hemodynamic entity of valvular stenosis. Angiography should be used to assess coronary involvement and plan a revascularization strategy before the implant. Multislice computed tomography play a central role as it can give anatomical details in order to choice the best fitting prosthesis, evaluate the morphology of the access path and detect other relevant comorbidities. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography are emergent modality helpful in aortic stenosis evaluation. The aim of this review is to give an overview onTAVR clinical and technical aspects essential for adequate selection.展开更多
Intense exercise may cause heart remodeling to compensate increases in blood pressure or volume by increasing muscle mass. Cardiac changes do not involve only the left ventricle, but all heart chambers. Physiological ...Intense exercise may cause heart remodeling to compensate increases in blood pressure or volume by increasing muscle mass. Cardiac changes do not involve only the left ventricle, but all heart chambers. Physiological cardiac modeling in athletes is associated with normal or enhanced cardiac function, but recent studies have documented decrements in left ventricular function during intense exercise and the release of cardiac markers of necrosis in athlete's blood of uncertain significance. Furthermore, cardiac remodeling may predispose athletes to heart disease and result in electrical remodeling, responsible for arrhythmias. Athlete's heart is a physiological condition and does not require a specific treatment. In some conditions, it is important to differentiate the physiological adaptations from pathological conditions, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle, and non-compaction myocardium, for the greater risk of sudden cardiac death of these conditions. Moreover, some drugs and performance-enhancing drugs can cause structural alterations and arrhythmias, therefore, their use should be excluded.展开更多
This case report describes a woman with spontaneous rectal perforation from decidualized endometriosis in pregnancy.A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital at 30 wk of pregnancy with symptoms suggestive of py...This case report describes a woman with spontaneous rectal perforation from decidualized endometriosis in pregnancy.A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital at 30 wk of pregnancy with symptoms suggestive of pyelonephritis,which persisted until 33 wk of gestation when delivery of a premature male baby was performed through a cesarean section. On postoperative day 2,an abdominal computed tomography showed free air in the peritoneal cavity and a pelvic abscess.Explorative celiotomy revealed a diffuse severe fecaloid peritonitis that originated from a 3-cm wide rectal perforation.A Hartmann operation was then performed.Histopathological findings wereconsistent with decidualization of the rectal wall.Only 20 cases of intestinal perforation due to endometriosis have been reported in the literature.This report is believed to be the first case of spontaneous rectal perforation from endometriosis in pregnancy,and it shows the potential occurrence of serious and unexpected complications of the disease.展开更多
基金supported by the Paris Astronomical Data Centre(PADC)at Observatoire de Paris.
文摘In this comment on the article“Locating the source field lines of Jovian decametric radio emissions”by Wang YM et al.,2020,we discuss the assumptions used by the authors to compute the beaming angle of Jupiter’s decametric emissions induced by the moon Io.Their method,relying on multi-point radio observations,was applied to a single event observed on 14th March 2014 by Wind and both STEREO A/B spacecraft from~5 to~16 MHz.They have erroneously identified the emission as a northern(Io-B type)instead of a southern one(Io-D type).We encourage the authors to update their results with the correct hemisphere of origin and to test their method on a larger sample of Jupiter-Io emissions.
文摘A retrospective descriptive study is conducted at the San Juan de Dios Hospital, San José, Costa Rica, during the period from February 2016 to March 2017, with a total of 37 patients from which a combined screening during the first trimester of pregnancy was conducted, evaluating maternal age, biochemical and sonographic methods that together can predict the risk of fetal chromosomal alterations during pregnancy. The purpose of using combined screening as a noninvasive method is to identify high risk gestations and to minimize the number of invasive procedures to detect the highest number of cases. Four patients with higher risk of aneuploidy during pregnancy were identified through this screening.
基金supported by the project PRIN_2022PNRR_P2022Y3PBY_001“MADLEINE,CUP:J53D23015830001”.Project funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan(NRRP),Mission 4 Component C2 Investment 1.1 by the European Union-NextGenerationEU.
文摘Experimental tests are essential for evaluating S-N curves and assessing the fatigue life of welded joints.However,in the case of complex geometries,experimental tests often cannot provide the necessary stress-strain data for specific materials and welded joints.Therefore,finite element(FE)analyses are frequently utilized to assess fatigue behavior in complex geometries and address the discontinuities induced by welding processes.In this study,the fatigue properties of titanium welded joints,produced using an innovative laser source and welded without the use of filler materials,were analyzed through numerical methods.Two different FEmethodswere applied to T-specimens fabricated from Ti6Al4V sheets:the hot-spot stress and notch-stress approach.The FE fatigue life predictions were validated using experimental fatigue test results.The Hot-Spot Stress method yielded a fatigue limit slightly below 100 MPa,demonstrating a consistent slope in the S-N response.Conversely,the Notch Stress method,using a 1 mm fictitious notch radius,indicated a higher fatigue strength corresponding to a range between 225 and 250MPa,providing amore conservative and localized fatigue estimate.Fatigue resistance in welded joints of steel and aluminum is commonly assessed using specific fatigue classes called“Fatigue Strength Classes(FAT)curves”and their associated S-N curves as recommended by the International Institute of Welding(IIW).However,no such FAT class assignments currently exist for titanium alloys.To address this gap,strain-based FAT curves were proposed by normalizing steel FAT curves using titanium’s elastic properties.This strain-based framework enables direct comparison across materials and provides a foundation for fatigue evaluation of titanium weldments.The author proposed a procedure to normalize steel FAT curves considering the different elastic material properties,enabling a comparison with Ti6Al4V data in terms of hot spot strain or notch strain.This approach facilitates the development of a universal framework for strain-based fatigue evaluation across different materials.
文摘In recent years, the use of new biomarkers in different phases of the diagnosis andtreatment of several diseases has allowed substantial improvement in clinicalpractice. The use of donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) in organ transplantationhas led to significant progress in the treatment of post-transplantoutcomes, particularly after kidney transplantation. In addition, the use of ddcfDNAin organ transplantation has led to significant advancements in posttransplantoutcome monitoring. The aim of this study is to review many of therecent studies on the use of this biomarker and to evaluate its most relevantadvantages and limitations. dd-cfDNA is released from several types of cells ofthe transplanted organ, most often from endothelial cells and this happens in thecase of organ damage, most often rejection. Its presence in the bloodstream of therecipients is an important sign of graft damage;its principal advantage is in theavoidance of invasive tools such as renal biopsy. Additionally, several studiesreported that the finding of dd-cfDNA in the serum may precede histologicalabnormalities;its utility in the diagnosis of subclinical rejection is extremelyimportant. Among the principal limitations of this tool are the difficulty in distinguishingdifferent forms of graft damage. According to several studies this toolhas several limitations in diagnosing T-cell mediated rejection. In addition,particular care should be taken in distinguishing dd-cfDNA from recipientderivedcfDNA.
文摘This article analyses the relationship between PM_(10) concentrations inside and outside two schools in Barreiro,Portugal:Primary School No.5 and D.Luís Mendonça Furtado Basic School.The main objective was to understand the impact of external and internal sources on indoor air quality(IAQ)in school environments.Monitoring campaigns were carried out in different indoor spaces,including classrooms,the gym,and the canteen,and the results were compared with PM_(10) levels outside the building.At Primary School No.5,indoor PM10 concentrations were consistently higher than the outdoor values measured on Avenida do Bocage,with an average Indoor/Outdoor(I/O)ratio of 2.2,indicating a significant impact of indoor activities on particle levels.Similarly,at the D.Luís Mendonça Furtado Basic School,there was an increase in PM_(10) and PM_(2:5) concentrations during school hours,with the highest I/O ratio(3.04)recorded on school days.In the evenings and at weekends,when the spaces were unoccupied,particle concentrations dropped considerably,reaching an I/O ratio of 0.70.Said results suggest that indoor activities are a determining factor for particle levels in indoor air,emphasizing the need for ventilation and pollution control strategies in schools to protect the health of students and staff.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,responsible for approximately 900000 deaths annually.Inflammation and malnutrition significantly influence patients'responses to treatment.Markers such as serum albumin concentration,the prognostic nutritional index,nutritional risk index(NRI),geriatric NRI,and the systemic immune-inflammation index enable the early identification of high-risk patients,facilitating timely interventions that can improve survival and reduce morbidity.A comprehensive understanding and application of these markers allow for better risk stratification in CRC patients,optimizing their management and outcomes.
基金partially funded by the Programa Nacional de Becas y Crédito Educativo of Peru and the Universitat de València,Spain.
文摘Self-Explaining Autonomous Systems(SEAS)have emerged as a strategic frontier within Artificial Intelligence(AI),responding to growing demands for transparency and interpretability in autonomous decisionmaking.This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of SEAS research published between 2020 and February 2025,drawing upon 1380 documents indexed in Scopus.The analysis applies co-citation mapping,keyword co-occurrence,and author collaboration networks using VOSviewer,MASHA,and Python to examine scientific production,intellectual structure,and global collaboration patterns.The results indicate a sustained annual growth rate of 41.38%,with an h-index of 57 and an average of 21.97 citations per document.A normalized citation rate was computed to address temporal bias,enabling balanced evaluation across publication cohorts.Thematic analysis reveals four consolidated research fronts:interpretability in machine learning,explainability in deep neural networks,transparency in generative models,and optimization strategies in autonomous control.Author co-citation analysis identifies four distinct research communities,and keyword evolution shows growing interdisciplinary links with medicine,cybersecurity,and industrial automation.The United States leads in scientific output and citation impact at the geographical level,while countries like India and China show high productivity with varied influence.However,international collaboration remains limited at 7.39%,reflecting a fragmented research landscape.As discussed in this study,SEAS research is expanding rapidly yet remains epistemologically dispersed,with uneven integration of ethical and human-centered perspectives.This work offers a structured and data-driven perspective on SEAS development,highlights key contributors and thematic trends,and outlines critical directions for advancing responsible and transparent autonomous systems.
文摘Gut microbiota is often modified after kidney transplantation.This principally happens in the first period after transplantation.Antibiotics and,most of all,immunosuppressive drugs are the main responsible.The relationship between immunosuppressive drugs and the gut microbiota is bilateral.From one side immunosuppressive drugs modify the gut microbiota,often generating dysbiosis;from the other side microbiota may interfere with the immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics,producing products more or less active with respect to the original drug.These phenomena have influence over the graft outcomes and clinical consequences as rejections,infections,diarrhea may be caused by the dysbiotic condition.Corticosteroids,calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine,mycophenolate mofetil and mTOR inhibitors are the immunosuppressive drugs whose effect on the gut microbiota is better known.In contrast is well known how the gut microbiota may interfere with glucocorticoids,which may be transformed into androgens.Tacrolimus may be transformed by microbiota into a product called M1 that is 15-fold less active with respect to tacrolimus.The pro-drug mycophenolate mofetil is normally transformed in mycophenolic acid that according the presence or not of microbes producing the enzyme glucuronidase,may be transformed into the inactive product.
文摘For ulcerative colitis(UC),the variability in inflammatory activity along the colon poses a challenge in management.The focus on achieving endoscopic healing in UC is evident,where the UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore are commonly used for evaluation.However,these indices primarily consider the most severely affected region.Liu et al recent study validates the Toronto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Global Endoscopic Reporting(TIGER)score offering a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory activity across diverse segments of the colon and rectum and a reliable index correlating strongly with UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and moderately with Mayo Endoscopic Subscore(MES).Despite recommendation,certain aspects warrant further invest-igation.Fecal calprotectin,an intermediate target,correlates with TIGER and should be explored.Determining TIGER scores defining endoscopic remission and response,evaluating agreement with histological activity,and assessing inter-endoscopist agreement for TIGER require scrutiny.Exploring the correlation between TIGER and intestinal ultrasound,akin to MES,adds value.
文摘The Human Microbiome Project,Earth Microbiome Project,and next-generation sequencing have advanced novel genome association,host genetic linkages,and pathogen identification.The microbiome is the sum of the microbes,their genetic information,and their ecological niche.This study will describe how millions of bacteria in the gut affect the human body in health and disease.The gut microbiome changes in relation with age,with an increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.Host and environmental factors affecting the gut microbiome are diet,drugs,age,smoking,exercise,and host genetics.In addition,changes in the gut microbiome may affect the local gut immune system and systemic immune system.In this study,we discuss how the microbiome may affect the metabolism of healthy subjects or may affect the pathogenesis of metabolism-generating metabolic diseases.Due to the high number of publications on the argument,from a methodologically point of view,we decided to select the best papers published in referred journals in the last 3 years.Then we selected the previously published papers.The major goals of our study were to elucidate which microbiome and by which pathways are related to healthy and disease conditions.
文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)co-infection still involves 2.3 million patients worldwide of the estimated 37.7 million living with HIV,according to World Health Organization.People living with HIV(PLWH)are six times greater affected by HCV,compared to HIV negative ones;the greater prevalence is encountered among people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men:the risk of HCV transmission through sexual contact in this setting can be increased by HIV infection.These patients experience a high rate of chronic hepatitis,which if left untreated progresses to end-stage liver disease and hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)HIV infection increases the risk of mother to child vertical transmission of HCV.No vaccination against both infections is still available.There is an interplay between HIV and HCV infections.Treatment of HCV is nowadays based on direct acting antivirals(DAAs),HCV treatment plays a key role in limiting the progression of liver disease and reducing the risk of HCC development in mono-and coinfected individuals,especially when used at an early stage of fibrosis,reducing liver disease mortality and morbidity.Since the sustained virological response at week 12 rates were observed in PLWH after HCV eradication,the AASLD has revised its simplified HCV treatment algorithm to also include individuals living with HIV.HCV eradication can determine dyslipidemia,since HCV promotes changes in serum lipid profiles and may influence lipid metabolism.In addition to these apparent detrimental effects on the lipid profile,the efficacy of DAA in HCV/HIV patients needs to be considered in light of its effects on glucose metabolism mediated by improvements in liver function.The aim of the present editorial is to describe the advancement in HCV treatment among PLWH.
基金supported by the European Union (Next Generation EU)through the MUR-PNRR project SAMOTHRACE (No.ECS00000022)。
文摘In this paper,the determination of Thiram fungicide by a novel modified screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)fabricated modifying the working electrode(WE)with 2D-GO/WS2nanohybrid composites,is reported.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Raman spectroscopy,and fluorescence analysis(PL)were used to reveal the morphological and microstructural characteristics of the 2D-GO/WS2 nanohybrids with different graphene oxide:tungsten disulphide(GO:WS_(2))ratio.Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the 2D-WS2/GO nanohybrids having a GO:WS_(2)ratio=2:1 shows the highest electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of Thiram.The developed sensor permits the quantification of Thiram in the linear range 0.083-0.33μM with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.02μM,which is below the legal limits for this fungicide in drinking water or foods.
文摘Recently,new findings have been clarified concerning both pathogenesis and treatment of IgA nephritis.The four hits theory has been confirmed but several genetic wide association studies have allowed finding several genes connected with the pathogenesis of the disease.All these new genes apply to each of the four hits.Additionally,new discoveries concerning the microbiota and its connection with immune system and IgA generation have allowed finding out the role of the mucosa in IgA nephropathy pathogenesis.The IgA treatment is also changed included the future possibilities.The treatment of the chronic kidney disease,associated with the nephropathy,is mandatory,since the beginning of the disease.The classical immunosuppressive agents have poor effect.The corticosteroids remain an important cornerstone in any phase of the disease.More effect is related to the treatment of B cells and plasma cells.In particular,in very recent studies have been documented the efficacy of anti B cell-activating factor and anti A proliferation-inducing ligand agents.Most of these studies are to date in phase II/III.Finally,new agents targeting complement are arising.These agents also are still in randomized trials and act principally in hit 4 where the immunocomplexes in the mesangium activate the different pathways of the complement cascade.
基金This work is part of an ongoing Ph.D.research supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)through a doctoral scholarship(Grant Number 2020.05728.BD)awarded to Maria Inês Clara.
文摘Aims:We aimed to compare cancer survivors’fatigue expression with that of the general population and examine psychobiological factors associated with fatigue.Procedure:In this quantitative,transversal study,we analyzed clinical and sociodemographic indicators of 389 participants(68.38%females):148 cancer survivors on active treatment,55 disease-free survivors,75 patients with another chronic disease,and 111 healthy individuals.Results:Fatigue was expressed dissimilarly in patients with a previous history of cancer and participants without a history of cancer.Survivors on active treatment reported significantly higher levels of fatigue than the other clinical status groups.Nonetheless,some level of cancer-related fatigue persisted,in a similar pattern,after active treatment into the survivorship phase.Disease-free survivors showed significantly lower vigor levels when compared to patients with other chronic diseases.Psychological distress and daytime sleepiness emerged as transdiagnostic factors associated with fatigue.Conclusion:Cancer-related fatigue may have a unique pattern,characterized by reduced endurance and muscle weakness.In the present study,psychological distress and daytime sleepiness are associated with cancer-related fatigue.These findings suggest the pertinence of future studies examining whether interventions targeting those factors may help manage this burdensome complaint.
基金Fapesp 2014/22827–7Ministério da Saúde do BrasilFundação Faculdade de Medicina and CNPq Grant to JC:301275/2019–0.
文摘Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs.Then,this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection,encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus far.The potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question,looking at some evolutive aspects.The lineage of canids has shown,throughout its evolutionary history,a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes,classifed as endogenous retroviruses.In this context,the genomes of canids seem to ofer obstacles,which have been evolutionarily conserved,in the face of retroviral infection.
文摘With Adolf Hitler´s promotion and the National Socialism under the German power in 1933-and until 1945-,European Jews went through a process of exclusion,rejection,expulsion and destruction into the German society.Colombia,on this hand,received only about 6,000 Jewish travelers,which constituted the largest wave of immigrants of Jewish origin in the country,given that it has not been-since its formation-a state of immigrants.This article serves as purpose to show evidence of some actions developed in Colombia,during the period from 1939 to 1948,against the Jewish communities that were settled in the country,and were victims of the emergence of an anti-Semitism local.The exaltation of their voices is a constant purpose,as a way of"doing justice"to these victims of the Shoah,in which Colombia made a small,but still significant,contribution.
文摘Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR) has been validated as a new therapy for patients affected by severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are not eligible for surgical intervention because of major contraindication or high operative risk. Patient selection for TAVR should be based not only on accurate assessment of aortic stenosis morphology, but also on several clinical and functional data. Multi-Imaging modalities should be preferred for assessing the anatomy and the dimensions of the aortic valve and annulus before TAVR. Ultrasounds represent the first line tool in evaluation of this patients giving detailed anatomic description of aortic valve complex and allowing estimating with enough reliability the hemodynamic entity of valvular stenosis. Angiography should be used to assess coronary involvement and plan a revascularization strategy before the implant. Multislice computed tomography play a central role as it can give anatomical details in order to choice the best fitting prosthesis, evaluate the morphology of the access path and detect other relevant comorbidities. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography are emergent modality helpful in aortic stenosis evaluation. The aim of this review is to give an overview onTAVR clinical and technical aspects essential for adequate selection.
文摘Intense exercise may cause heart remodeling to compensate increases in blood pressure or volume by increasing muscle mass. Cardiac changes do not involve only the left ventricle, but all heart chambers. Physiological cardiac modeling in athletes is associated with normal or enhanced cardiac function, but recent studies have documented decrements in left ventricular function during intense exercise and the release of cardiac markers of necrosis in athlete's blood of uncertain significance. Furthermore, cardiac remodeling may predispose athletes to heart disease and result in electrical remodeling, responsible for arrhythmias. Athlete's heart is a physiological condition and does not require a specific treatment. In some conditions, it is important to differentiate the physiological adaptations from pathological conditions, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle, and non-compaction myocardium, for the greater risk of sudden cardiac death of these conditions. Moreover, some drugs and performance-enhancing drugs can cause structural alterations and arrhythmias, therefore, their use should be excluded.
基金Supported by A grant from the University of Cagliari,Italy
文摘This case report describes a woman with spontaneous rectal perforation from decidualized endometriosis in pregnancy.A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital at 30 wk of pregnancy with symptoms suggestive of pyelonephritis,which persisted until 33 wk of gestation when delivery of a premature male baby was performed through a cesarean section. On postoperative day 2,an abdominal computed tomography showed free air in the peritoneal cavity and a pelvic abscess.Explorative celiotomy revealed a diffuse severe fecaloid peritonitis that originated from a 3-cm wide rectal perforation.A Hartmann operation was then performed.Histopathological findings wereconsistent with decidualization of the rectal wall.Only 20 cases of intestinal perforation due to endometriosis have been reported in the literature.This report is believed to be the first case of spontaneous rectal perforation from endometriosis in pregnancy,and it shows the potential occurrence of serious and unexpected complications of the disease.
